341 results on '"Food scarcity"'
Search Results
2. Periodic Fasting: Evolutionary Perspectives Explaining the Clinical Benefits
- Author
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Pijl, Hanno, Varady, Krista, editor, Manoogian, Emily N.C., editor, and Longo, Valter D., editor
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. "Yugoslavia is worthless... you can get neither sugar nor kerosene." Food Supply and Political Legitimacy in the Slovene Part of Yugoslavia, 1918–1924.
- Author
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Stergar, Rok
- Abstract
The new states that were established in the autumn of 1918 presented themselves as something new and better. Not only were they supposed to be the embodiment of the "national yearnings" of the formerly "oppressed nations" of the Habsburg Empire, but they were also meant to be more democratic and it was promised that their administrations would work better and their economies would flourish. In short, they were to be a decisive break with the imperial past. However, the new nation-states often could not deliver on these lofty promises, and, as a result, their legitimacy began to erode rather rapidly. In this context, the inability to quickly improve the food supply played an important role. In the Slovene part of Yugoslavia, the inadequate supply of basic foodstuffs, rationing, and increasing prices made the already volatile situation worse, as parts of the population began to grumble, protest, and yearn for the Habsburgs, looking across their northern and western borders. Police and court files, district captains' reports, and various other sources indicate that after the proclamation of independence the mood of the population quickly soured, and that the legitimacy of the new state was often questioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
4. Lineage, Food, and Famine in the Village of Old Qu
- Author
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Chen, Yixin, author
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
5. Crop diversity, sustainable food and nutritional security among smallholder farmers in Ghana
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Fremmpong, Raymond Boadi, Gross, Elena, and Owusu, Victor
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- 2023
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6. Perpetrating Economic Abuse across the Globe: Results from the U.N. Multi-Country Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific.
- Author
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Postmus, Judy L., Lin, Hsiu-Fen, Nikolova, Kristina, and Johnson, Laura
- Subjects
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GENDER role , *CLUSTER sampling , *PSYCHOLOGY of men , *FOOD security , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *PSYCHOLOGY , *INTERVIEWING , *INTIMATE partner violence , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *RISK assessment , *SEX distribution , *FINANCIAL stress , *THEORY , *ALCOHOL drinking , *MENTAL depression , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *ODDS ratio - Abstract
Using the United Nations (U.N.) Multi-Country Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific, this study aims to identify the prevalence of men's use of intimate partner violence (IPV) with a focus on economic abuse and its association with food scarcity and other variables. The U.N. Study took place between 2010 and 2013 in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and Sri Lanka. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to obtain a representative sample (n = 8,380) of households. The results found that over 1 in 5 men have perpetrated economic abuse at least once in their lifetime. Men reporting food scarcity, drinking problems, depressive symptoms, and gender inequality beliefs toward their partners were more likely to perpetrate economic abuse. Interventions aimed at reducing food insecurity, addressing men's drinking problems and depression, and changing attitudes toward gender inequality may be effective at decreasing economic abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Sustainable Water Management in Indus Basin and Vulnerability Due to Climate Change †.
- Author
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Zahra, Syeda Mishal, Shahid, Muhammad Adnan, Misaal, Muhammad Aali, Zaman, Muhammad, Imran, Muhammad, Azam, Sidra, and Hussain, Fazal
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WATER management ,CLIMATE change ,GROSS domestic product ,IRRIGATION farming ,SUSTAINABLE agriculture - Abstract
Pakistan depends heavily on the Indus River Basin System (IRBS) which is essential for meeting the great majority of Pakistan's agricultural and home consumption requirements. The Indus River is responsible for over 90% of Pakistan's agricultural output and accounts for 25% of the country's GDP. Because of the problems with the water supply, Pakistan may soon face serious food scarcity. By 2025, the water deficit is expected to reach 32%, according to the World Bank's 2020–2021 study, leading to a food deficit of about 70 million tons. Recent predictions suggest that by 2025, the water storage capacity will have reduced by over 30% due to climate change. Extreme events, i.e., temperature and precipitation, occurred in Pakistan, and these affect human beings. Pakistan has a very low per capita water storage capacity, at about 150 m
3 . As a result of decreasing surface water supplies and rising groundwater abstraction, the viability of irrigated agriculture may soon be threatened. To maximize the potential for increased storage, Pakistan must enhance its water-use efficiency and implement sustainable strategies for managing its groundwater and surface water resources. The crucial aspects in keeping irrigated agriculture viable in the Indus Basin are developing the infrastructure and eliminating distrust among the provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Determinants of household food insecurity and coping strategies in Northern Ghana.
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Danso-Abbeam, Gideon, Asale, Maxwell A., and Ogundeji, Abiodun A.
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FOOD security ,FOOD shortages ,PUBLIC health ,HOUSEHOLDS ,TOBITS - Abstract
Household food insecurity is gradually being acknowledged as a public health issue in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, little is known about the actions that food insecure households take in a food crisis. We used ordered probit, count data, and Tobit models to investigate the drivers of food insecurity and the extent of household food coping mechanisms in the face of food deficit. The food consumption score and food insecurity experience scale indicators were used to measure food insecurity in Northern Ghana, while the coping strategy index was used to estimate the extent of food coping mechanisms in the midst of food shortfall. The primary coping techniques used by the sampled households included eating fewer favorite meals, lowering the number of meals eaten per day, and reducing the size of the meals eaten. The severity of a household's food insecurity status was determined by a variety of household demographic factors, asset accumulation and policy-driven factors. Households with a high number of assets, participation in non-farm activities, and access to extension services, used less approaches to overcome food shortages. Those with a large number of wards in school used more coping strategies during food shortages. Households should be encouraged to diversify their income sources, and create both capital and social assets in order to increase their resilience to food insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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9. How to promote terrestrial herbivores’ conservation in areas where small-scale agriculturalists set up fences − An analysis based on evolutionary game theory
- Author
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Xiao-Wei Zhang, Lin Wang, Na Zhao, Derek W. Dunn, Xiaoping Yu, and Xinping Ye
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Farmer-large herbivore conflict ,Evolutionary game ,Fencing ,Food scarcity ,Conservation ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Habitats of large herbivores have shrunk owing to the expansion of human activities. Consequently, wild herbivores frequently venture into adjacent farmlands to forage for crops. As a result, farmers use fences to prevent these herbivores from foraging. A dynamic game exists between whether farmers choose to set up fences and whether herbivores choose to venture into farmlands. This study established an evolutionary game model between farmers and herbivorous species. The effects of different factors on the game process were studied using model simulations to provide theoretical guidance for the conservation and management of herbivore species. Model simulations showed that food resources in herbivore habitats are key to protecting their populations. Therefore, management needs to restore and protect herbivore habitats, and in cases of extreme food shortages, herbivores should be artificially fed. Simultaneously, herbivores need to obtain certain food supplements from outside their habitats when food resources are scarce. Therefore, subsidies should be provided to farmers close to herbivore habitats to encourage them to use fences that allow a certain number of herbivores to pass through. In addition, increasing the buffer zone between herbivore habitats and farmland has positive implications for the conservation of large herbivore populations.
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- 2023
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10. Growth and Cognitive Development in Tanzanian Children are Associated with Timing of Birth in Relation to Seasonal Malnutrition.
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Parpia, Tarina, Elwood, Sarah, Rogawski McQuade, Elizabeth T., Svensen, Erling, Wanjuhi, Anne, Jatosh, Samwel, Bayo, Eliwaza, Hhando, Emanuel, Houpt, Eric R., Mduma, Estomih, DeBoer, Mark D., Scharf, Rebecca J., and Platts-Mills, James A.
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- 2024
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11. Challenges Mostly Unique to African Americans
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Challenger, Clewiston D., Eng, Timothy, and Adekson, Mary Olufunmilayo, editor
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- 2021
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12. Ensuring Food Security of Arid Regions through Sustainable Cultivation of Halophytes
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Ahmad, Farooq, Hameed, Mansoor, Ahmad, M. Sajid Aqeel, Ashraf, Muhammad, Ozturk, Munir, Section editor, and Grigore, Marius-Nicusor, editor
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- 2021
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13. Edible Landscapes: Relocalising Food and Bringing Nature into North London
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Homan, Joanna and Ito, Keitaro, editor
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- 2021
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14. An Estimation of Virtual Trades of Embedded Water and Land through Sri Lankan Seasonal Crops' Trades to Improve the Cropping Preferences.
- Author
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Rajabi, Zohreh, Tariq, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman, and Muttil, Nitin
- Subjects
CROPS ,AGRICULTURAL productivity ,LAND resource ,WATER supply ,SEASONS - Abstract
Due to the increase in population, growing urbanization, and higher demands for processed and unprocessed foods, resources related to food production have become scarce. Water and land can be considered as the primary resources to determine the crop production potential of a country. Ideally, countries that lack water and land resources can import these in virtual form. Sri Lanka is a country rich in water resources that faced bankruptcy recently. This study analyzes and explores the potential for use of land–water resources in Sri Lanka. A comprehensive framework is generated to identify the virtual land–water trade by considering ten major imports and nine major export crops in Sri Lanka. Consequently, the top ten imports/exports and top ten import/export trade partners are identified. The analysis reveals that Sri Lanka is a heavily import-dominant country, having seven times higher imports compared to exports. The country imports wheat, which is 82% of its import crops, and the same crop is the largest export (85% of crop export). Compared to its trade partners, Sri Lanka has sufficient water resources, but availability of arable land is limited. Banana is the largest export of the country, which involves higher embedded water and less land, matching the resource availability to Sri Lanka, whereas the trade partners are expected to continue importing the crop due to their water and land stress conditions. Finalization of the long-awaited agriculture policy of the country is strongly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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- View/download PDF
15. Impacts of COVID‐19 induced food insecurity among informal migrants: Insight from Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Author
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Sohel, Md. Salman, Hossain, Babul, Sarker, Md. Nazirul Islam, Horaira, Gazi Abu, Sifullah, Md. Khaled, and Rahman, Md. Abadur
- Subjects
- *
FOOD security , *REMITTANCES , *COVID-19 , *FOOD shortages , *MALNUTRITION in children , *MIGRANT labor , *FOOD prices , *INFORMAL sector - Abstract
Food insecurity is one of the rising problems in Bangladesh, and it is severely prevalent among informal migrant workers. In this case, the COVID‐19 pandemic has multiplied the food insecurity of informal migrant workers. This study explores and synthesizes the COVID‐19 induced food insecurity impact among informal migrants and recommends policy actions to tackle the COVID‐19 led food crisis in Bangladesh. A qualitative research approach, including in‐depth interviews, four FGDs, and participant observation, has been applied to data collection from different parts of Dhaka city. A thematic approach to interpretive phenomenological analysis is followed in this study. The results show that COVID‐19 induced lockdown significantly affects informal migrants' household food security. Most participants report severe complications due to food insecurity like consuming less food, price hiking, no fish or meat, potato, and vegetable. Food insecurity leads to migrant's chronic food shortage, starvation, malnutrition of mother and children, and unhealthy food. As a result, the way of life of informal migrants has been directed to more fragility and vulnerability during the pandemic; even they are not affordable to maintain a minimal level of family affairs and necessity. The findings of this study would be essential guidelines for the governmental and non‐governmental organizations and development practitioners to address the food insecurity situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Loss of Agro-Biodiversity and Productivity Due to Climate Change in Continent Asia: A Review
- Author
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Fatima, Arooj, Farid, Mujahid, Safdar, Kainat, Fayyaz, Adil, Ali, Syeda Maheen, Adnan, Saira, Nawaz, Moazzma, Munir, Hunain, Raza, Nighat, Zubair, Muhammad, and Hasanuzzaman, Mirza, editor
- Published
- 2020
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17. Investigation the effectiveness of light reflectors in transmitting sunlight into the vertical farm depth to reduce electricity consumption
- Author
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Aref Choubchilangroudi and Amir Zarei
- Subjects
Food scarcity ,Modern agriculture ,Vertical farm ,Mirrors ,Light reflection ,Sustainability ,Renewable energy sources ,TJ807-830 ,Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 - Abstract
Nowadays, the use of greenhouses and vertical farms has become increasingly commonplace due to compensating the crisis of food scarcity and fertile land for the world's growing population. The lack of free natural sunlight within the floors of such modern farms, however, has led to the application of artificial light as a common strategy to enhance food production. The energy supplied to produce this artificial light has increased the cost of food production. In this regard, the current study seeks to develop a new way to bring sunlight into vertical farms to reduce costs, avoid more energy consumption, and then increase the sustainability of food production. For this purpose, this experimental-applied research based on desk review focuses on the necessity of using sunlight in vertical farms, while adopting drawing and graphical software to illustrate how a variety of mirrors can transmit and distribute sunlight into vertical farms as a concept that applies to different latitudes. The proposed concept was tested quantitatively and qualitatively by constructing a physical model on a scale of one-twentieth at the latitude of 36.46° N, 52.86° E. This experiment showed that, in mentioned geographical position, the ratio of light supplied at a depth of a floor to unobstructed sunlight in the space around a vertical farm.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Tolerance and functional response of Neoseiulus californicus (McGregaor) to starvation stress.
- Author
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Li, Xiao-Bo, Zhu, Rui, Yi, Tian-Ci, Guo, Jian-Jun, and Jin, Dao-Chao
- Subjects
- *
SURVIVAL rate , *STARVATION , *HUNGER , *BIOLOGICAL pest control agents , *PREDATORY mite , *TWO-spotted spider mite , *INSECT eggs - Abstract
The ability to endure starvation is important for predatory mite survival and its effectiveness as biological control agent. We studied the longevity and functional response of the prodator mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregaor) under starvation stress. N. californicus individuals were treated as three groups: the mites were provided with nothing (group I), with fresh bean leaves (group II), and with water (group III) to the larvae, protonymphs, deutonymphs, adult males and females. Functional response of N. californicus to Tetranychus urticae Koch eggs was evaluated after starvation for 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. Results showed that all life stages of N. californicus in group III had the longest survival time among the three groups. Adult females had the strongest ability to endure starvation with a mean survival time of 8.16 d. Females had the ability to lay eggs, but the number of eggs laid was less than a mean of 1.2 eggs per female in the three starvation groups. N. californicus exhibited a Holling's Type II functional response at all hunger levels. The handling time (Th) and attack rate (α) of the predator were not significantly different in all hunger levels. Predation rate of starved 0 h to 72 h initially increased and then decreased. The highest predation rate was recorded when the predators were starved for 24 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Food pantry-based intervention may help improve diabetes self-management in low socioeconomic status individuals: A narrative review.
- Author
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Collins, Njoku, Krutee, Laad, and Bidaisee, Satesh
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DIET therapy for diabetes ,ONLINE information services ,GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin ,FOOD security ,GLYCEMIC control ,FOOD supply ,SELF-efficacy ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,QUALITATIVE research ,POVERTY ,LITERATURE reviews ,MEDLINE ,BIOMETRY ,HEALTH self-care - Abstract
With the increased use of food pantries to improve food accessibility, food pantries may play a large role to promote good diabetes mellitus (DM) self-management in low socioeconomic status (SES) individuals. A complete literature review was done to investigate and analyze published research utilizing food pantries as sites to implement interventions towards improving DM selfmanagement. A thorough search within public information domain including Google scholar, PubMed, NCBI, using MeSH keywords: food insecurity, low SES, DM selfmanagement and self-efficacy. An estimated 20 article resources were included to generate a concise and descriptive findings towards answering the research question. Only low socioeconomic status individuals with food insecurity and DM were included in this review. Results findings revealed only few published studies involving food-pantry-based interventions and DM selfmanagement. Although the studies confirmed that foodinsecurity strongly influenced inefficient DM management and glycemic control, they also produced mixed findings in promoting self-management of the disease. Some study findings confirmed significant improvement in DM selfmanagement, while others did not find specific significance in promoting self-management. More research is needed to further evaluate the effectiveness of food-pantry based interventions in DM management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
20. Sustainable Water Management in Indus Basin and Vulnerability Due to Climate Change
- Author
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Syeda Mishal Zahra, Muhammad Adnan Shahid, Muhammad Aali Misaal, Muhammad Zaman, Muhammad Imran, Sidra Azam, and Fazal Hussain
- Subjects
Indus River Basin System ,food scarcity ,climate change ,water resources ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Pakistan depends heavily on the Indus River Basin System (IRBS) which is essential for meeting the great majority of Pakistan’s agricultural and home consumption requirements. The Indus River is responsible for over 90% of Pakistan’s agricultural output and accounts for 25% of the country’s GDP. Because of the problems with the water supply, Pakistan may soon face serious food scarcity. By 2025, the water deficit is expected to reach 32%, according to the World Bank’s 2020–2021 study, leading to a food deficit of about 70 million tons. Recent predictions suggest that by 2025, the water storage capacity will have reduced by over 30% due to climate change. Extreme events, i.e., temperature and precipitation, occurred in Pakistan, and these affect human beings. Pakistan has a very low per capita water storage capacity, at about 150 m3. As a result of decreasing surface water supplies and rising groundwater abstraction, the viability of irrigated agriculture may soon be threatened. To maximize the potential for increased storage, Pakistan must enhance its water-use efficiency and implement sustainable strategies for managing its groundwater and surface water resources. The crucial aspects in keeping irrigated agriculture viable in the Indus Basin are developing the infrastructure and eliminating distrust among the provinces.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Role of Urban Horticulture in the Sustainable Agri-Food Movement
- Author
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Ikerd, John, Ramawat, Kishan Gopal, Series Editor, and Nandwani, Dilip, editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Exploring Potential of Minor/Underutilized Grasses for Remote Areas Facing Food Scarcity
- Author
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Ahmad, Farooq, Hameed, Mansoor, Ahmad, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel, Ozturk, Munir, editor, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, editor, Ashraf, Muhammad, editor, and Ahmad, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel, editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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23. Comparison of some epigean and troglobiotic animals regarding their metabolism intensity. Examination of a classical assertion
- Author
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Tatjana Simčič and Boris Sket
- Subjects
food scarcity ,temperature ,oxygen consumption ,ETS activity ,amphipod ,isopod ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Geology ,QE1-996.5 - Abstract
This study determines oxygen consumption (R), electron transport system (ETS) activity and R/ETS ratio in two pairs of epigean and hypogean crustacean species or subspecies. To date, metabolic characteristics among the phylogenetic distant epigean and hypogean species (i.e., species of different genera) or the epigean and hypogean populations of the same species have been studied due to little opportunity to compare closely related epigean and hypogean species. To fill this gap, we studied the epigean Niphargus zagrebensis and its troglobiotic relative Niphargus stygius, and the epigean subspecies Asellus aquaticus carniolicus in comparison to the troglobiotic subspecies Asellus aquaticus cavernicolus. We tested the previous findings of different metabolic rates obtained on less-appropriate pairs of species and provide additional information on thermal characteristics of metabolic enzymes in both species or subspecies types. Measurements were done at four temperatures. The values of studied traits, i.e., oxygen consumption, ETS activity, and ratio R/ETS, did not differ significantly between species or subspecies of the same genus from epigean and hypogean habitats, but they responded differently to temperature changes. Higher Q10-values for oxygen consumption of N. stygius than N. zagrebensis in the temperature range 10-20°C and higher Ea indicated higher thermal sensitivity in the subterranean species. On the other hand, lower Q10 and Ea-values for ETS activity of N. stygius than N. zagrebensis indicated more thermally stable enzymatic machinery in N. stygius than N. zagrebensis. In Asellus, we observed a similar trend of lower Ea for oxygen consumption and higher Ea for ETS activity in epigean than the troglomorphic subspecies, but the values did not differ significantly between the two. Our most important conclusion is that the low metabolic rate is not a universal property of troglobiotic animals, and the degree of metabolic adaptation is not necessarily in agreement with the degree of morphological adaptation (troglomorphy).
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Wild edible plants used by communities in and around selected forest reserves of Teso-Karamoja region, Uganda
- Author
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Samuel Ojelel, Patrick Mucunguzi, Esther Katuura, Esezah K. Kakudidi, Mary Namaganda, and James Kalema
- Subjects
Wild edible plants ,Food scarcity ,Forest reserves ,Teso-Karamoja ,Uganda ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Abstract Background The consumption of wild plants is an ancient tradition which serves multiple purposes. Cognizant that Teso-Karamoja region is frequently affected by food scarcity and is not adequately surveyed for its flora, this study sought to establish an inventory and use of wild edible plants by the communities living in and around the forest reserves. Methods Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires administered to 240 respondents living in and around eight forest reserves between November 2017 and May 2018. One focus group discussion (8–12 members) per forest reserve and field excursions to collect the plant voucher specimens were also conducted. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, relative frequency of citation (RFC), and the factor of informants’ consensus (FIC). Results A total of 100 plant species in 47 families were reported as edible. Carissa spinarum, Strychnos innocua, Balanites aegyptiaca, Tamarindus indica, and Ximenia americana presented the highest RFC, while the families Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Moraceae had more than five species each. Grasses (Poaceae) comprised only 1% of the edible species and trees 35%, while shrubs were the most important source of wild food (RFC = 0.47). The fruits contributed 63% while leaves (29%), seeds (9%), tubers (5%), and gum (1%). The fruits were considered as the most important use category (RFC = 0.78). Respondent homogeneity was none for gum but very high for seeds (FIC - 0.93). Only 36% of species are cooked, while 64% are eaten in raw. Harvesting is done rudimentarily by digging (5%), collecting from the ground (fruits that fall down) (13%), and plucking from mother plants (82%). Only 9% of the species were collected throughout the year, 27% in the dry season, and 64% in the rainy season. The consumption of these plants is attributed to food scarcity, spicing staple food, nutri-medicinal value, cultural practice, and delicacy. Conclusion A high diversity of wild edible plant species exists in the forest reserves of Teso-Karamoja region. The shrubs and fruits are the most locally important life forms and use category, respectively. These edible plant species are important throughout the year because their consumption serves multiple purposes.
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- 2019
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25. Sustainable Use of Wild Yams (Dioscorea) by Tribal Communities in Kerala, India
- Author
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Balakrishnan, V., Kumar, N. Anil, Cabin, Robert J., Series editor, Laladhas, K.P., editor, Nilayangode, Preetha, editor, and V. Oommen, Oommen, editor
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Provisions, Seed Collectors, and New Foods
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Ma Rhea, Zane and Ma Rhea, Zane
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- 2017
- Full Text
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27. Food insecurity and childhood outcomes: a cross-sectional analysis of 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health data.
- Author
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Elenwo C, Fisch C, Hendrix-Dicken A, Coffey S, Wetherill MS, and Hartwell M
- Subjects
- Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Child, Female, Male, Child, Preschool, Adolescent, United States, Racism statistics & numerical data, Social Determinants of Health, Child Health, Health Surveys, Infant, Socioeconomic Factors, Food Insecurity
- Abstract
Context: Racial inequalities across social determinants of health (SDOHs) are often influenced by discriminatory policies that reinforce systems that further uphold these disparities. There is limited data describing the influence of food insecurity (FI) on childhood racial discrimination., Objectives: Our objective was to determine if the likelihood of experiencing racial discrimination was exacerbated by FI., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2016-2020 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) to extract data on childhood racial discrimination and food security. We extracted sociodemographic variables to utilize as controls and constructed logistic regression models to determine associations, via odds ratios (ORs), between food security and whether the child experienced racial discrimination., Results: We found statistically significant associations between experiencing FI and childhood racial discrimination. Individuals who experienced food shortages were significantly more likely to experience racial discrimination compared to those without food limitations when controlling for race, food voucher usage, age, and % federal poverty guidelines (FPG, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 3.34; 95 % CI: 2.69-4.14)., Conclusions: Our study found that parents of minority children all reported high rates of racial discrimination, which was exacerbated by concurrent FI. Children of families that were the most food insecure reported the highest percentage of racial discrimination at 11.13 %, compared with children who always had enough nutritious meals to eat at 2.87 %. Acknowledging the intersection that exists between FI, race, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES), might be a way forward in addressing the adverse health effects experienced by food-insecure children and adults., (© 2024 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.)
- Published
- 2024
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28. Food Scarcity
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Ness, Immanuel, editor and Cope, Zak, editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Seasonal variation in energy balance of wild Japanese macaques (Macaca fucata yakui) in a warm-temperate forest: a preliminary assessment in the coastal forest of Yakushima.
- Author
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Kurihara, Yosuke, Kinoshita, Kodzue, Shiroishi, Izumi, and Hanya, Goro
- Subjects
JAPANESE macaque ,MACAQUES ,TEMPERATE forests ,BIOSPHERE ,CALORIC content of foods - Abstract
Food scarcity is a major challenge for primates living in temperate forests, where food availability varies markedly among seasons. In Japanese macaques, which are exclusively distributed in temperate zones, the fat accumulation ability has been highlighted as an adaptation for survival during the lean season and for reproductive success. However, the knowledge of energetic strategies of Japanese macaques has been mainly derived from data on cool-temperate forests, where fallback foods comprise winter buds and bark. Data on Japanese macaques in warm-temperate forests where fallback foods comprise mature leaves are still lacking. We aimed to identify seasonal variations in energy balance and the relative importance of ingestion rates (dry matter intake per feeding time), energy content of the food, and feeding time in energy intake of Japanese macaques in the coastal forest of Yakushima. We estimated energy balance of 6–12 adult females from October 2012 to October 2013. We estimated energy intake based on the data on feeding behavior and energy content of the diet and calculated energy expenditure based on the previously established relationship between body mass and total energy expenditure. We also quantified urinary C-peptide, which is a non-invasive biomarker of energetic conditions. We demonstrated that energy balance was more positive in the fruit/seed-feeding period than in the mature-leaf-feeding and fruit/fungi-feeding periods and that ingestion rates were the most important component of energy intake. The present study suggests that the fat accumulation ability is an essential adaptation in Japanese macaques even in warm-temperate forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Comparison of some epigean and troglobiotic animals regarding their metabolism intensity. Examination of a classical assertion.
- Author
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Simčič, Tatjana and Sket, Boris
- Subjects
- *
OXYGEN consumption , *ELECTRON transport , *METABOLISM , *MOLECULAR phylogeny , *SUBSPECIES - Abstract
This study determines oxygen consumption (R), electron transport system (ETS) activity and R/ETS ratio in two pairs of epigean and hypogean crustacean species or subspecies. To date, metabolic characteristics among the phylogenetic distant epigean and hypogean species (i.e., species of different genera) or the epigean and hypogean populations of the same species have been studied due to little opportunity to compare closely related epigean and hypogean species. To fill this gap, we studied the epigean Niphargus zagrebensis and its troglobiotic relative Niphargus stygius, and the epigean subspecies Asellus aquaticus carniolicus in comparison to the troglobiotic subspecies Asellus aquaticus cavernicolus. We tested the previous findings of different metabolic rates obtained on less-appropriate pairs of species and provide additional information on thermal characteristics of metabolic enzymes in both species or subspecies types. Measurements were done at four temperatures. The values of studied traits, i.e., oxygen consumption, ETS activity, and ratio R/ETS, did not differ significantly between species or subspecies of the same genus from epigean and hypogean habitats, but they responded differently to temperature changes. Higher Q10-values for oxygen consumption of N. stygius than N. zagrebensis in the temperature range 10-20°C and higher Ea indicated higher thermal sensitivity in the subterranean species. On the other hand, lower Q10 and Ea-values for ETS activity of N. stygius than N. zagrebensis indicated more thermally stable enzymatic machinery in N. stygius than N. zagrebensis. In Asellus, we observed a similar trend of lower Ea for oxygen consumption and higher Ea for ETS activity in epigean than the troglomorphic subspecies, but the values did not differ significantly between the two. Our most important conclusion is that the low metabolic rate is not a universal property of troglobiotic animals, and the degree of metabolic adaptation is not necessarily in agreement with the degree of morphological adaptation (troglomorphy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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31. Wild edible plants used by communities in and around selected forest reserves of Teso-Karamoja region, Uganda.
- Author
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Ojelel, Samuel, Mucunguzi, Patrick, Katuura, Esther, Kakudidi, Esezah K., Namaganda, Mary, and Kalema, James
- Subjects
- *
FOCUS groups , *FOOD habits , *FOOD supply , *FRUIT , *GUMS & resins , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *INTELLECT , *LEAVES , *EDIBLE plants , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *SEEDS , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Background: The consumption of wild plants is an ancient tradition which serves multiple purposes. Cognizant that Teso-Karamoja region is frequently affected by food scarcity and is not adequately surveyed for its flora, this study sought to establish an inventory and use of wild edible plants by the communities living in and around the forest reserves. Methods: Data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires administered to 240 respondents living in and around eight forest reserves between November 2017 and May 2018. One focus group discussion (8–12 members) per forest reserve and field excursions to collect the plant voucher specimens were also conducted. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, relative frequency of citation (RFC), and the factor of informants' consensus (FIC). Results: A total of 100 plant species in 47 families were reported as edible. Carissa spinarum, Strychnos innocua, Balanites aegyptiaca, Tamarindus indica, and Ximenia americana presented the highest RFC, while the families Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Anacardiaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Moraceae had more than five species each. Grasses (Poaceae) comprised only 1% of the edible species and trees 35%, while shrubs were the most important source of wild food (RFC = 0.47). The fruits contributed 63% while leaves (29%), seeds (9%), tubers (5%), and gum (1%). The fruits were considered as the most important use category (RFC = 0.78). Respondent homogeneity was none for gum but very high for seeds (FIC - 0.93). Only 36% of species are cooked, while 64% are eaten in raw. Harvesting is done rudimentarily by digging (5%), collecting from the ground (fruits that fall down) (13%), and plucking from mother plants (82%). Only 9% of the species were collected throughout the year, 27% in the dry season, and 64% in the rainy season. The consumption of these plants is attributed to food scarcity, spicing staple food, nutri-medicinal value, cultural practice, and delicacy. Conclusion: A high diversity of wild edible plant species exists in the forest reserves of Teso-Karamoja region. The shrubs and fruits are the most locally important life forms and use category, respectively. These edible plant species are important throughout the year because their consumption serves multiple purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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- View/download PDF
32. Towards a Global History of Environment, Water and Climate : Water, Global Climate Change and Environmental Refugees
- Author
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Chakrabarti, Ranjan, Mendonca, Angela, editor, Cunha, Ana, editor, and Chakrabarti, Ranjan, editor
- Published
- 2012
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33. An Estimation of Virtual Trades of Embedded Water and Land through Sri Lankan Seasonal Crops’ Trades to Improve the Cropping Preferences
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Zohreh Rajabi, Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq, and Nitin Muttil
- Subjects
Geography, Planning and Development ,water scarcity ,food scarcity ,virtual water ,agriculture ,trade ,agricultural intensification ,agricultural land expansion ,Aquatic Science ,Biochemistry ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Due to the increase in population, growing urbanization, and higher demands for processed and unprocessed foods, resources related to food production have become scarce. Water and land can be considered as the primary resources to determine the crop production potential of a country. Ideally, countries that lack water and land resources can import these in virtual form. Sri Lanka is a country rich in water resources that faced bankruptcy recently. This study analyzes and explores the potential for use of land–water resources in Sri Lanka. A comprehensive framework is generated to identify the virtual land–water trade by considering ten major imports and nine major export crops in Sri Lanka. Consequently, the top ten imports/exports and top ten import/export trade partners are identified. The analysis reveals that Sri Lanka is a heavily import-dominant country, having seven times higher imports compared to exports. The country imports wheat, which is 82% of its import crops, and the same crop is the largest export (85% of crop export). Compared to its trade partners, Sri Lanka has sufficient water resources, but availability of arable land is limited. Banana is the largest export of the country, which involves higher embedded water and less land, matching the resource availability to Sri Lanka, whereas the trade partners are expected to continue importing the crop due to their water and land stress conditions. Finalization of the long-awaited agriculture policy of the country is strongly recommended.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Seasonality in Gum and Honeydew Feeding in Gray Mouse Lemurs
- Author
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Joly-Radko, Marine, Zimmermann, Elke, Burrows, Anne M., editor, and Nash, Leanne T., editor
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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35. Exhausted Appetites, Vitiated Tastes: Romanticism, Mass Culture, and the Pleasures of Consumption
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Webb, Samantha, Schmid, Thomas H., editor, and Faubert, Michelle, editor
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- 2010
- Full Text
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36. On land-use and land-cover changes over Lidder Valley in changing environment.
- Author
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Rafiq, Mohammd, Mishra, Anoop Kumar, and Meer, Mohammad Suhail
- Subjects
- *
LAND cover , *GEODATABASES , *SOCIOECONOMICS - Abstract
We have examined the land surface changes in the Lidder Valley of Kashmir in the context of socio-economy, climate and environmental aspect using geoscience technology. It was found that there are large-scale changes in agriculture, horticulture and built-up in the subject area. Records for horticulture, agriculture and built-up were generated from satellite data. A geodatabase of socio-economic data is examined and corelated with the land system changes. Furthermore, environmental driving factors like precipitation, temperature, snowfall and black carbon (BC) data were used to relate with the changes in LU/LC over the study area. This study reports decrease in agricultural area from 189.73 km2 in 1979 to 77.18 km2 in 2011 while the horticulture is increasing by 3 km2 annually from last three decades. With the increase of about 95% in horticulture, the concentration of BC has also increased. BC is showing a significant decadal increase of 10.5 mg/m2 which is mainly attributed to the biomass burning from horticulture waste. Rainfall, as well as snowfall over the study area, is decreasing by an amount of 2.95 and 15 mm per decade, respectively, and also their pattern is changing. These variations over the study area result in water scarcity forcing people to implement horticulture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
37. Effects of scarcity and excess of larval food on life history traits of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae).
- Author
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Romeo Aznar, Victoria, Alem, Iris, De Majo, María Sol, Byttebier, Barbara, Solari, Hernán G., and Fischer, Sylvia
- Abstract
Few studies have assessed the effects of food scarcity or excess on the life history traits of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) independently from larval density. We assessed immature survival, development time, and adult size in relation to food availability. We reared cohorts of 30 Ae. aegypti larvae from newly hatched to adult emergence with different food availability. Food conditions were kept constant by transferring larvae each day to a new food solution. Immature development was completed by some individuals in all treatments. The shortest development time, the largest adults, and the highest survival were observed at intermediate food levels. The most important effects of food scarcity were an extension in development time, a decrease in the size of adults, and a slight decrease in survival, while the most important effects of food excess were an important decrease in survival and a slight decrease in the size of adults. The variability in development time and adult size within sex and treatment increased at decreasing food availability. The results suggest that although the studied population has adapted to a wide range of food availabilities, both scarcity and excess of food have important negative impacts on fitness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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38. Reconsidering Climate and Causality: Case Studies from Colonial Mexico
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Endfield, Georgina, Sörlin, Sverker, editor, and Warde, Paul, editor
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- 2009
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39. Retóricas del hambre en la prensa digital española (2015-2018): de penurias que vienen y se van
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Flavia Carolina Demonte, Montserrat Garcia-Oliva, and Mabel Gracia-Arnaiz
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Food insecurity ,Reprise ,Health problems ,Anthropology ,Political science ,Humanities ,Food scarcity - Abstract
espanolCoincidiendo con la recesion mundial iniciada en 2008, en Espana se multiplicaron las noticias que presentaron la inseguridad alimentaria como una realidad tangible. Vinculada a los efectos de la crisis financiera, el desempleo y las politicas de austeridad, entre 2008 y 2014 la prensa genero discursos especificos sobre el hambre y los hambrientos que fueron replicados por la opinion publica. El presente articulo retoma este primer analisis para compararlo con los discursos mediaticos producidos entre 2015 y 2018 durante la denominada post-crisis. A traves de un estudio cualitativo de las noticias de tres diarios digitales se da cuenta de la naturaleza de esta construccion social, asi como del papel que los medios de comunicacion adquieren en la amplificacion de ciertos fenomenos. Concluimos que, en esta segunda etapa, los relatos sobre la crisis pierden fuerza poniendo su atencion en la recuperacion de los indicadores macroeconomicos, incluso a pesar de la persistencia de una alta desigualdad social. La prensa no solo reduce significativamente la cantidad de noticias sobre el hambre, sino que re-semantiza su significado, asociandola con la malnutricion y la obesidad, y presentandola como un problema de salud derivado de la creciente precarizacion EnglishCoinciding with the global recession that started in 2008, news stories proliferated in Spain that presented food insecurity as a tangible reality caused primarily by growing economic precarity. Attributing responsibility to the policies of fiscal and monetary austerity, between 2008-2014 the press generated specific discourses on hunger and the hungry that resonated with public opinion. The aim of this article is to reprise that initial analysis of hunger and compare it with the arguments assembled by the press during the post-crisis period -2015-2018-. By means of a qualitative study on the news content of various digital platforms, we detail the nature of this new construction, as well as the role assumed by the media in the social amplification of certain phenomena. We conclude that in this new phase, the Spanish press – influenced by the recovery of certain macroeconomic indicators – has not only reduced its coverage of food scarcity and the experience of hunger, but repackaged its meaning, associating it with malnutrition and obesity, and presenting these as health problems derived from increasing poverty
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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40. Potential of Underutilized Wild Edible Plants as the Food for the Future – A Review
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Rumesh Liyanage, K G L R Jayathunge, and P S Peduruhewa
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Food insecurity ,Malnutrition ,Healthy food ,Environmental health ,Edible plants ,medicine ,Developing country ,Business ,Micronutrient ,medicine.disease ,Nutritious food ,Food scarcity - Abstract
Today, it has been a big challenge to provide a safe, healthy and nutritious source of food for people, especially for poor income groups and undernourished populations of the developing world. Finding cheap and alternative sources of healthy and nutritious food has become a critical issue due to the food scarcity, high cost and unreliable supply of healthy food in developing and undeveloped countries. Tapping in to the world of Underutilized Wild Edible Plants (UWEP) will allow us to provide a substantial solution for food insecurity. UWEP have been identified as a reliable and long term solution due to the availability of micronutrients, bioactive compounds and their pharmacological importance. UWEP based diet should be expanded around the world, after conducting researches to fill the missing information such as micronutrient bioaccessibility, anti-nutrients, elimination of anti-nutrients and novel trends. The purpose of this paper is to explain the potentials of UWEP to cope up with malnutrition and food insecurity, which are burning issues that needs immediate attention.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Social Pair-Bonding and Resource Defense in Wild Red-Bellied Lemurs (Eulemur rubriventer)
- Author
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Overdorff, Deborah J., Tecot, Stacey R., Tuttle, Russell H., editor, Gould, Lisa, editor, and Sauther, Michelle L., editor
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Seasonal cues to food scarcity and food preferences
- Author
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Folwarczny, Michal, Gasiorowska, Agata, Sigurdsson, Valdimar, and Otterbring, Tobias
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FOS: Psychology ,Food Studies ,Communication ,food insecurity ,Environmental Studies ,Psychology ,food choice ,food scarcity ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,food preferences - Abstract
Earlier research shows that exposing people to videos depicting food scarcity triggered by climate change (vs. videos depicting obese individuals) increases their preferences toward energy-dense foods, with this effect being more pronounced among females, consistent with the insurance hypothesis. However, it is plausible that these findings partially resulted from confounds in the experimental stimuli. Thus, the current study aims to empirically test the insurance hypothesis by exposing participants either to winter cues (food scarcity condition) or summer cues (control condition) in the form of video content. The videos will abstain from mentioning food scarcity and emotionally-laden scenes.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Evaluation of changes in food properties and mineral composition of tiger nuts at variable drying temperatures
- Author
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E.T. Akhihiero, S.O. Ebhodaghe, and Agbahowe Se
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Extinction ,Tiger ,Food temperatures ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Mineral composition ,040401 food science ,01 natural sciences ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Environmental science ,Composition (visual arts) ,Food science ,Food scarcity ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Effective storage conditions can resolve the challenge of food scarcity and extinction of certain foodspecies. Therefore, this study investigated the changes in the food properties and mineral composition of tiger nuts attemperatures of 23, 40, 55, 80 and 100°C. Results show that while the temperature of 55°C influenced water, crude proteinand carbohydrate contents retention in the tiger nuts, fats were better retained at 80°C. This indicates that food nutrientsand properties of tiger nuts should be better retained at temperatures ≥ 50°C
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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44. Representative 2D-material-based nanocomposites and their emerging applications: a review
- Author
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Yiting Yu, Jeong Ryeol Choi, Top Khac Le, Imran Saeed, Muhammad Sheraz Arshad Malik, Phuong V. Pham, Kossi Aniya Amedome Min-Dianey, and Akeel Qadir
- Subjects
Nanocomposite ,Materials science ,Scope (project management) ,General Chemical Engineering ,Stacking ,Future application ,Context (language use) ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Complex materials ,Nanomaterials ,0210 nano-technology ,Food scarcity - Abstract
Composites (or complex materials) are formed from two or many constituent materials with novel physical or chemical characteristics when integrated. The individual components can be combined to create a unique composite material through mechanical transfer, physical stacking, exfoliation, derivative chemical mixtures, mixtures of solid solutions, or complex synthesis processes. The development of new composites based on emerging 2D nanomaterials has allowed for outstanding achievements with novel applications that were previously unknown. These new composite materials show massive potential in emerging applications due to their exceptional properties, such as being strong, light, cheap, and highly photodegradable, and their ability to be used for water splitting and energy storage compared to traditional materials. The blend of existing polymers and 2D materials with their nanocomposites has proven to be immediate solutions to energy and food scarcity in the world. Although much literature has been reported in the said context, we tried to provide an understanding about the relationship of their mechanisms and scope for future application in a comprehensive way. In this review, we briefly summarize the basic characteristics, novel physical and chemical behaviors, and new applications in the industry of the emerging 2D-material-based composites.
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
45. Indigofera cassioides ROTTLER ex DC. (FABACEAE): A WILD MEDICO-FOOD PLANT
- Author
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Snehalatha VR, Dimri, Rakhee, Kumar, Arvind, Sharma, Dilip Kumar, Sudar S Mety, Suchita P. Khodke, Sugimani Marndi, and Sanjeet Kumar
- Subjects
medicinal ,food scarcity ,medico-food ,tribal ,nutraceutical ,Wild flowers - Abstract
Malnutrition is a biggest problem throughout the world. In last some decades, human beings facing lot of infectious diseases too. Both problems are becoming serious for health and in the development of a nation. Both create low immunity among the populace of a boundary. Therefore, need to explore wild food plants having food and medicinal values. In this chapter, food and medicinal values of Indigofera cassioides are discussed to bring attention towards the wild nutraceutical for contemporary and upcoming future health care problems. A survey was done during 2019-2022 to collect the desired information and gathered information are presented in this chapter in the form of baseline data to make strategy with its value addition to better health and getting food security.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Binge Eating Disorder Is a Social Justice Issue: A Cross-Sectional Mixed-Methods Study of Binge Eating Disorder Experts' Opinions
- Author
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Brenna Bray, Chris Bray, Ryan Bradley, and Heather Zwickey
- Subjects
Adult ,Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Social Justice ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,binge eating disorder ,binge eating ,oppression ,diversity inclusion ,minority ,economic insecurity ,stigma ,trauma ,social media ,food scarcity ,Bulimia ,Binge-Eating Disorder - Abstract
Background: Binge eating disorder is an autonomous DSM-V diagnosis characterized by discrete rapid consumption of objectively large amounts of food without compensation, associated with loss of control and distress. Environmental factors that contribute to binge eating disorder continue to evolve. This mixed-methods cross-sectional study assessed whether there is consensus among experts in the field about environmental factors that influence adult binge eating disorder pathology. Methods: Fourteen expert binge eating disorder researchers, clinicians, and healthcare administrators were identified internationally based on federal funding, PubMed-indexed publications, active practice in the field, leadership in relevant societies, and/or clinical and popular press distinction. Semi-structured interviews were recorded anonymously and analyzed by ≥2 investigators using reflexive thematic analysis and quantification. Results: Identified themes included: (1) systemic issues and systems of oppression (100%); (2) marginalized and under-represented populations (100%); (3) economic precarity and food/nutrition insecurity/scarcity (93%); (4) stigmatization and its psychological impacts (93%); (5) trauma and adversity (79%); (6) interpersonal factors (64%); (7) social messaging and social media (50%); (8) predatory food industry practices (29%); and (9) research/clinical gaps and directives (100%). Conclusions: Overall, experts call for policy changes around systemic factors that abet binge eating and for greater public education about who can have binge eating disorder. There is also a call to take and account for the narratives and life experiences of individuals with binge eating disorder to better inform our current understanding of the diagnosis and the environmental factors that impact it.
- Published
- 2022
47. Food scarcity and state vulnerability: Unpacking the link between climate variability and violent unrest.
- Author
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Jones, Benjamin T., Mattiacci, Eleonora, and Braumoeller, Bear F.
- Subjects
- *
FOOD security , *VIOLENCE , *FOOD prices , *GOVERNMENT policy ,SOCIAL conditions in Africa - Abstract
Increased scholarly focus on climate variability and its implications has given rise to a substantial literature on the relationship between climate-induced food insecurity and violent conflict. In this article, we theorize this relationship as contingent on the institutional and structural vulnerability of the state. States’ institutional and structural capabilities and constraints – such as the strength of the agricultural sector and domestic regime type – influence the probability that climate-induced food insecurity will translate into conflict, because they determine the degree to which countries are able to successfully address insecurity. We estimate the effect of food insecurity and state vulnerability on the occurrence of violent uprisings in Africa for the years 1991–2011. We find that these effects are interactive, with state vulnerability moderating the impact of food insecurity on the likelihood of violence. We also find that capable governance is an even better guarantor of peace than good weather. We conclude that a two-pronged approach that both combats the impact of climate variability on food insecurity and strengthens government institutions would be a much more effective strategy for preventing violent uprisings than either policy would be in isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The food-energy-water nexus: Transforming science for society.
- Author
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Scanlon, Bridget R., Ruddell, Ben L., Reed, Patrick M., Hook, Ruth I., Zheng, Chunmiao, Tidwell, Vince C., and Siebert, Stefan
- Subjects
CALORIC content of foods ,FOOD shortages ,WATER shortages - Abstract
Emerging interdisciplinary science efforts are providing new understanding of the interdependence of food, energy, and water (FEW) systems. These science advances, in turn, provide critical information for coordinated management to improve the affordability, reliability, and environmental sustainability of FEW systems. Here we describe the current state of the FEW nexus and approaches to managing resource conflicts through reducing demand and increasing supplies, storage, and transport. Despite significant advances within the past decade, there are still many challenges for the scientific community. Key challenges are the need for interdisciplinary science related to the FEW nexus; ground-based monitoring and modeling at local-to-regional scales; incorporating human and institutional behavior in models; partnerships among universities, industry, and government to develop policy relevant data; and systems modeling to evaluate trade-offs associated with FEW decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. In Search of the ‘Moral Economy’: Food Scarcity in 1756–57 and the Crowd
- Author
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Magennis, Eoin, Jupp, Peter, editor, and Magennis, Eoin, editor
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The defense mechanism of plant
- Author
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Rishi Raj, Kumari Shyam Lata, V. Raj, and Mukul Kumar
- Subjects
Molecular level ,Food security ,Mechanism (biology) ,Natural resource economics ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Production (economics) ,Business ,Basic needs ,Plant disease ,Food scarcity - Abstract
According to the state of food security and nutrition, Hunger has increased in many countries in which the economy has slowed down, mostly in middle-income countries. If nothing changes, the immense challenge of achieving the Zero Hunger Target by 2030. The causes of food scarcity might include factors such as unavailability of food due to less production of particular crops/vegetables (due to attack of pests/microbes), it becomes harder to fulfill the basic needs of life especially for poor. Therefore, we need to primarily focus on understanding the interaction between plants and microbes at the molecular level and underlying mechanisms of plant disease and which will help out to solve the global needs of food and resources. Plants have a natural defense mechanism/immune system to react to infections which subdivides into two parts. The first part identifies and reacts to molecules common to different classes of microbes, including non-pathogen. The function of the second part is to react to pathogens virulence factors, either directly or by affecting the host targets. We can also see the intricacies or reciprocation between plants and pathogen attackers. A vast and deep comprehension of plant defense mechanisms will defiantly solve the issue, like food scarcity.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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