Search

Background: The targeted application of cutting-edge high-throughput molecular data technologies provides an enormous opportunity to address key health, economic and environmental issues in the tropics within the One Health framework. The Earth's tropical regions are projected to contain > 50% of the world's population by 2050 coupled with 80% of its biodiversity however these regions are relatively less developed economically, with agricultural productivity substantially lower than temperate zones, a large percentage of its population having limited health care options and much of its biodiversity understudied and undescribed. The generation of high-throughput molecular data and bespoke bioinformatics capability to address these unique challenges offers an enormous opportunity for people living in the tropics. Main: In this review we discuss in depth solutions to challenges to populations living in tropical zones across three critical One Health areas: human health, biodiversity and food production. This review will examine how some of the challenges in the tropics can be addressed through the targeted application of advanced omics and bioinformatics and will discuss how local populations can embrace these technologies through strategic outreach and education ensuring the benefits of the One Health approach is fully realised through local engagement. Conclusion: Within the context of the One Health framework, we will demonstrate how genomic technologies can be utilised to improve the overall quality of life for half the world's population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses the climate change and technological change impact on food production in Benin using data from the agriculture ministry and Climate Analytics over the period 1995–2015 and a bio‐economic model. The results suggest that land‐use changes may depend on crop types and prevailing future conditions. With respect to crop production, the results show that the climate change effect on different crops varies from one municipality to another. Moreover, crops such as rice and soybean will benefit more from climate change in several Benin's municipalities, while maize will suffer from climate change. Moreover, results showed technological change globally mitigates the negative impact of moderate climate change. The results suggest that Beninese's government must invest in agriculture technology through agriculture and engineering high schools' installation, which could improve farmers' productivity and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Edible and medicinal mushrooms possess excellent nutritional properties due to their incredible versatility in growing on different substrates and producing extracellular enzymes with a wide range of specificity. These features make them excellent candidates for various biotechnological applications. In this context, biotechnological applications using edible and medicinal mushrooms can focus on the bioprocessing of agro‐industrial wastes, an economical and environmentally friendly strategy. This review, based on recent original research and scientific reviews, highlights the versatility and potential of mushrooms in terms of sustainability and efficiency. We emphasized the biotechnological applications of edible and medicinal mushrooms and their enzymes including food production with high nutraceutical value by enhancing the quality and flavor of food industry products. Other biotechnological applications addressed in this review were cosmeceutical and biomedical development using mushroom extracts with bioactive compounds; wood pulp pretreatment processes in the pulp and paper industry; bioethanol production; and bioremediation for decontaminating soils and polluted effluents. These applications explain how edible and medicinal mushrooms have gained significance in biotechnology over the years, opening new avenues for innovation. The current tendency to study edible and medicinal mushrooms has gained the attention of researchers because these are still less known organisms becoming an attractive and natural source of novel bioactive compounds that could be integrated into a circular model production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyperspectral imaging has proven to be a reliable technique for estimating dry matter, a common variable when considering the quality of the fresh produce. However, developing models capable of generalising across different crops is challenging. In this study, several pipelines were explored towards achieving a robust and accurate generic regression model were evaluated and the development of Automatic Relevance Determination (ARD) and Partial Least Squares (PLS) algorithms for fruit and vegetable dry matter estimation. The models were built using a VIS-NIR dataset that includes both fruit and vegetables, namely, apples, broccoli and leek (n = 779). The PLS regression model obtained Root Mean Square on Prediction (RMSEP) = 0.0137, outperforming ARD regression (RMSEP = 0.0140) on a 10x5-fold cross-validation protocol. The evaluated preprocessing techniques affect the two regression algorithms differently, with the best results achieved when the pipeline was used without feature extraction. Overall, the pipeline using either ARD or PLS regression shows strong performance and generalisation for Visible-Near Infrared (VIS-NIR)-based dry matter estimation across diverse fruits and vegetables. • PLS achieved an RMSEP = 0.0137 for predicting dry matter in fruits and vegetables. • Data pre-processing affects differently the performance of ARD and PLS algorithms. • Feature selection was found to be a good compromise to fit polynomial regression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sweetened condensed milk (SCM) is a product widely used by both consumers and other food production branches. However, it contains a lot of sucrose. This study aimed to examine the effects provided by sugar substitutes—trehalose, isomaltulose, and polydextrose—upon the SCM sensory profile and valuable quality indicators, such as water activity (Aw), viscosity, acidity, crystal size, and Maillard reaction potential (browning index, color change, loss of free AA). The study was performed by making model systems of SCM (MSCM) using the method of reconstitution of powdered ingredients. All the presented carbohydrate compositions in MSCM provided Aw value typical of intermediate-moisture food, which contributes to the long-term shelf life of the product. However, only 2 MSCM showed stability of Aw within a 14-d storage period: a composition of isomaltulose and trehalose (each at 22.55%), and a composition of trehalose (28.19%), sucrose (5.64%), polydextrose (5.64%), and isomaltulose (5.64%). Trehalose and polydextrose in MSCM with monocarbohydrate added fraction demonstrated their high structure-forming ability, expressed in high values of dynamic viscosity (>30 Pa·s). The MSCM containing a predominant amount of trehalose in the carbohydrate compositions (≥50%) showed lower average crystal size (<16 μm) compared with MSCM with di- and tetra-carbohydrate added fractions with predominant amounts of isomaltulose or polydextrose. Isomaltulose and polydextrose added to MSCM led to pronounced browning, whereas trehalose and sucrose reduced this effect in MSCM with di- and tetra-carbohydrate added fractions. Polydextrose added at 22.55% to carbohydrate fraction of MSCM caused bitterness, whereas the addition at 5.64% did not affect the taste. Based on the results of all the research conducted, the optimal carbohydrate compositions to produce SCM with fewer calories, lower sucrose content, and stable, adequate values of processing and sensory properties were trehalose (22.55%) with isomaltulose (22.55%), and trehalose (28.19%) with sucrose (5.64%), polydextrose (5.64%), and isomaltulose (5.64%). The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Microlab Salmonella is an all-in-one solution for detection of Salmonella O Groups A-E that integrates, in a single disposable device, all elements to perform the analysis: a ready-to-use enrichment broth, a lateral flow immunochromatography test, and a chemical agent for bacterial inactivation. Microlab Salmonella can be easily used on-site and does not require specific laboratory equipment or technical skills. The device is sealed during the analysis, avoiding risks of contamination, and is therefore safe to use in food production environments. Objective This report details the method validation study for raw ground beef, raw turkey (thermal processed, marinated), fresh cheese, deli ham, and pasteurized liquid egg. Methods Matrix studies and inclusivity/exclusivity, product consistency/stability, and robustness testing were conducted to assess the method's performance. Results Inclusivity/exclusivity testing showed that the Microlab Salmonella method was able to detect Salmonella O Group A-E isolates while excluding the non- Salmonella strains. In the matrix studies, the differences between the candidate and reference methods were not statistically significant. Minor variations in test parameters (enrichment time, time to read results, and enrichment temperature) did not affect the performance of the Microlab assay. There were no statistically significant differences between recently manufactured lots and those that were halfway through their expiration period or between those that were close to expiring. Conclusions The reported data confirm that Microlab Salmonella is reliable for detecting Salmonella in raw ground beef, raw turkey (thermal processed, marinated), fresh cheese, pasteurized liquid egg, and deli ham. Highlights Microlab Salmonella is validated to detect Salmonella in select food matrixes. Microlab Salmonella integrates the steps of enrichment, detection, and inactivation in a single device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From targeted gene insertion techniques to gene editing tool delivery systems, nanotechnology presents a promising path for improving many aspects of crop modification. However, little is known about the current application of nanotechnology and genetic engineering (GE) to improve agricultural yield. This review explores the potential applications of nanotechnology and GE to enhance sustainable agricultural systems. Most of the research indicates that by carefully guiding the delivery of nutrients to plants, nanomaterials and nanoscale methods like nanofertilizers and nanocarriers maximize plant nutrient uptake efficiency and increase the efficacy of agriculture's utilization of resources. Studies reveal that the application of nanoencapsulated pesticides as well as antimicrobial agents ensures precise delivery to plant tissues, maximizing effectiveness and reducing chemical usage. Nanotechnology also offers more precise control over genetic modifications and produces crops with desired traits like enhanced nutrient content, boosted resistance to pests and diseases, and raised yield. This fusion of GE and nanotechnology is an example of a modern approach to sustainable agriculture that maximizes resource use while reducing environmental impact. This review clarifies the promise of nanotechnology as a clean technology for transforming the production of genetically modified crops, improving nutrient utilization, and thus contributing to worldwide food security and environmentally-friendly agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The production of functional foods has been on a consistent rise in the past few years. The increasing demand for these foods could play a pivotal role in addressing the escalating issue of food waste and in the creation of innovative food formulations. Utilising by‐products from the food industry has become commonplace due to their advantageous nutritional composition and functional properties. These by‐products retain richness in colour compounds, proteins, amino acids, lipids, fatty acids, sugars, fibres, minerals, vitamins, antioxidants and antimicrobial compounds. This abundance of elements can be harnessed to develop innovative food products. This review examines the potential of utilising food industry wastes for producing functional foods, focusing on residues from animal and vegetable origins; such residues find application in creating snacks, beverages, fermented foods, bakery items, dairy products, pasta, charcuterie, chocolate, flavouring agents, additives and culinary innovations. This study seeks to establish a sustainable strategy for minimising food waste disposal, fostering a bio‐based food production industry and enhancing overall sustainability by uncovering alternatives for novel, nutritious and value‐added food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The circular economy is a tangible paradigm in response to the unsustainable model of production and consumption of resources in the agri-food system. The circular economy allows for a reduction in the environmental impact through the minimization of food waste or the maximal generation of renewable energy from waste. Despite the relevance, in the extant literature, there are scant indications on how to apply circular business models in agri-food systems. Hence, the paper aims to analyze the circular economy implementation level in the agri-food system in 29 European countries, focusing on specific circular economy strategies. Selected indicators were analyzed to evaluate the level of circular economy implementation in the agri-food system (e.g., production values, energy sharing from renewable sources, and total waste emission) using a Panel data analysis method. The required variables were gained from the global databases within the recent five years (2014–2018). The results reveal an overall lack of circular economy implementation in the agri-food systems among European countries. A set of 12 managerial propositions was suggested to foster the implementation of the circular business models by interacting the recycling, extending, intensifying, and dematerializing strategies with aspects of the production process, waste emission, and renewable energy sharing in the agri-food system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify the intricate connections arising from finance and governance to water, food, and energy, utilizing data from 2000 to 2021 for eight South Asian countries. To address cross‐sectional dependence and panel heterogeneity, this study applied an augmented mean group (AMG) approach to discover long‐term connections across the chosen indicators. The estimators' outcome shows interconnectedness across water, food, and energy (WFE) resources, showing that water promotes food and energy, and food promotes water and energy. In contrast, energy fosters food production and reduces water availability. Further, governance positively influences food production (0.434%), water (0.044%), and energy consumption (0.142%). Likewise, finance positively and significantly responds to WFE consumption. Our results highlighted that governance unilaterally influences energy dynamics while bidirectional causal links emerge between finance, food, and energy. The obtained outcomes are re‐validated with feasible generalized least square (FGLS) and Driscoll and Kraay (DK) estimators. Ultimately, our study offers valuable insights for shaping economic, environmental, and food and water security policies in the region and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroponic greenhouses and vertical farms provide an alternative crop production strategy in regions that experience low temperatures, suboptimal sunlight, or inadequate soil quality. However, hydroponic systems are soilless and, therefore, have vastly different bacterial microbiota than plants grown in soil. This review highlights some of the most prevalent plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and destructive phytopathogenic bacteria that dominate hydroponic systems. A complete understanding of which bacteria increase hydroponic crop yields and ways to mitigate crop loss from disease are critical to advancing microbiome research. The section focussing on plant growth-promoting bacteria highlights putative biological pathways for growth promotion and evidence of increased crop productivity in hydroponic systems by these organisms. Seven genera are examined in detail, including Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Paenibacillus, and Paraburkholderia. In contrast, the review of hydroponic phytopathogens explores the mechanisms of disease, studies of disease incidence in greenhouse crops, and disease control strategies. Economically relevant diseases caused by Xanthomonas, Erwinia, Agrobacterium, Ralstonia, Clavibacter, Pectobacterium, and Pseudomonas are discussed. The conditions that make Pseudomonas both a friend and a foe, depending on the species, environment, and gene expression, provide insights into the complexity of plant–bacterial interactions. By amalgamating information on both beneficial and pathogenic bacteria in hydroponics, researchers and greenhouse growers can be better informed on how bacteria impact modern crop production systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial fermentation is a well-known strategy for enhancing the nutraceutical attributes of foods. Among the fermentation outcomes, bioactive peptides (BAPs), short chains of amino acids resulting from proteolytic activity, are emerging as promising components thanks to their bioactivities. Indeed, BAPs offer numerous health benefits, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on the production of bioactive peptides during the fermentation process, emphasizing how different microbial strains and fermentation conditions influence the quantity and quality of these peptides. Furthermore, it examines the health benefits of BAPs from fermented foods, highlighting their potential in disease prevention and overall health promotion. Additionally, this review addresses the challenges and future directions in this field. This comprehensive overview underscores the promise of fermented foods as sustainable and potent sources of bioactive peptides, with significant implications for developing functional foods and nutraceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban community gardens are important social–ecological systems from which urban citizens receive many benefits. In this study of 18 urban community gardens in the Central Coast of California, USA, we use a combination of gardener surveys and field-based measurements to evaluate the amount of fresh fruit and vegetables produced by gardeners. We then investigate how food production differed between segments of the gardening population, specifically as a function of gardening experience, time spent in gardens, and food security status. Lastly, we ask gardeners to describe their motivations for gardening to better understand how motivations may relate to individual levels of food production. Thirty-eight percent of gardeners estimate harvesting one to five pounds of food per week, with another 26% estimating six to ten pounds. These estimates were corroborated by field measurements of tomato, squash, and pepper cultivation, where gardeners produced, at the height of the harvest season, an average of four pounds of food per week—an estimated savings of ~ $16USD per week (compared to the cost of local organic fruits and vegetables, June 2023 prices). Regarding the ability of community gardens to reduce food insecurity, gardeners who spent more time in the garden and with higher incomes reported higher food security, while those with larger families or lower incomes were more food insecure. These results show that gardeners in most need of food support were not necessarily the ones cultivating the most fruits and vegetables. While 48% of gardeners reported food cultivation as a primary motivator for gardening, many other motivations (e.g., hobby, being outdoors, relaxation, social interaction, and exercise) were identified as reasons to spend time in the garden, indicating that food production is not the only factor motivating gardeners. Overall, we document that community gardens can be highly productive and provide valuable produce that substantially offsets high fresh food costs; however, gardeners with the greatest food needs are currently not the largest producers, but could benefit from additional resources and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Billions of fishes are kept in captivity for research and food production world‐wide, with a strong impetus for maintaining high welfare standards. Accordingly, the importance of empirical research into the welfare and husbandry of captive fishes is increasingly acknowledged in both science and aquaculture, alongside growing public and governmental interest. Physical enrichment can have an important influence on welfare in of captive fishes, but many questions remain. Here, we summarise the current state of research and outline knowledge gaps in the area of physical enrichment, which is a fundamental aspect to improving welfare of captive fishes. To explore the level of research interest this area across time we conducted a series of surveys, using the number of papers published per year as a metric. These surveys highlight that work on fish welfare, while representing a relatively low proportion of fish research overall, is increasing rapidly. For species that are of aquaculture importance or used commonly as laboratory subjects, we show a positive relationship between general research interest and number of welfare‐related papers. However, for many, particularly relatively less studied, species the proportion of papers on enrichment remains low, with a slower increase compared to welfare‐related papers in general. In terms of common metrics used to quantify fish welfare, there is a reliance on growth and behaviour, with scope for inclusion and combination of a more comprehensive range of reproducible measures. We finish by highlighting recent progress, promising areas for future research and suggestions for advances in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research article outlines a provocation for diverse and experimentally open, situated approaches to exploring care and caring. The diversely positioned authors discuss this idea using the subject of soil, in the place and context of Aotearoa New Zealand. Little is known about the diversity of ways that everyday people value, or, have caring relationships for/with soil, among a plethora of research that positions soil ‘care’ around, for example, commercial food production, waste‐sinking, or property land value. To study diverse care in relation to soil, as with many relational subjects, requires equivalent diversity in the ways in which we might explore it. Here we outline the basis for diverse, situated methodologies that necessarily lead to a diversity of methods. This paper looks at the methodological imperatives that lead to exploring care, and discusses a variety of methods that generate different forms of ‘data’ with different forms of representation of that care. We observe that to holistically observe care relations with soil requires a diversity of methodologies, inherently ontological and epistemological – worldmaking. We discuss situated and enactive, affective approaches of Kaupapa Māori enquiry, monitoring and arts‐based approaches to ‘measure’ soil care taking place, in place, and contextualise this with our own author positionality. We discuss this suite of experimental, reflexive, affective and responsive ways to measure soil care that are contingent on that being cared about, for, with and by, and which reciprocally give care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaculture, a rapidly expanding food production system, holds promise for improving global food security and resilience. However, imbalanced growth has led to a highly uneven distribution of aquaculture production among countries, a concern that has not been comprehensively examined. This paper fills this knowledge gap by developing an innovative indicator system to assess this issue based on aquaculture development in ~ 200 countries over five decades. The system utilizes the "effective number of countries" (ENC) as a basic measure of production distribution and extends it into two novel indicators, popularity and parity, to gauge inclusiveness and balance. The assessment from 1970 to 2020 reveals that aquaculture has become a global enterprise, operating in nearly 90% of countries. Nevertheless, there is still substantial potential for growth in aquaculture popularity across most of 43 species groups examined here. Regarding concerns over persistently imbalanced aquaculture growth, our assessment reveals that aquaculture parity increased during 1970–2020 in the majority of 85 country groups examined here, including 18 of 27 regions and subregions. Global parity is also on the rise in the new millennium (2000–2020). However, the global aquaculture parity remains considerably lower than those of capture fisheries and terrestrial meat production. This suggests that imbalanced global aquaculture development cannot be solely attributed to countries' comparative advantages. This extraordinary imbalance could compromise global food security and food system resilience, but it also signifies untapped growth potential. Mainstreaming aquaculture popularity and parity as policy indicators can foster more inclusive and balanced development and unlock this potential. The proposed indicator system can be applied across diverse sectors and scales, contributing to a broader and refined understanding of the dynamics within the global food system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Skyrocketing commodity prices and conflict‐induced mass hunger in recent years have resuscitated discussions about why famines frequently reoccur in specific spaces of vulnerability. Intervention efforts still too often isolate food (in)security from its interwovenness in the political economy of water and energy and from the role of ideas in forging these interconnections across long time periods. Using (South) Sudanese history to rethink the causes of recurrent food insecurity, we underscore the need to analyse how political elites imagine the role of the water–energy–food nexus and associated environmental narratives in consolidating power. South Sudan's 2011 secession (from Sudan) marked the culmination of a struggle against a state that insurgents regarded as having starved its citizens. However, since independence, its leaders have replicated the nostrum they once combatted: Sudanese resources must ‘feed the world’. A fixation with inserting water, energy, and food resources into global markets infuses their strategy, even if such an approach will not engender food abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve a more sustainable global food production, a shift from animal to plant protein based food is necessary. At the same time, these plant proteins are preferentially derived from side-streams of industrial processes. Wheat bran and germ represent two major side-streams of the wheat milling industry, and contain aqueous-phase soluble proteins with a well-balanced amino acid composition. To successfully use wheat bran and germ proteins in novel plant-based liquid and semi-solid foods, they need to (i) be rendered extractable and (ii) contribute functionally to stabilizing the food system. Prior heat treatment and the occurrence of intact cell walls are important barriers in this regard. Several strategies have been applied to overcome these issues, including physical processing and (bio)chemical modification. We here present a comprehensive, critical overview of the aqueous-phase extraction of protein from (modified) wheat bran and germ. Moreover, we discuss the functionality of the extracted protein, specifically in the context of liquid (foam- and emulsion-type) and semi-solid (gel-type) food applications. In each section, we identify important knowledge gaps and highlight several future prospects that could further increase the application potential of wheat bran and germ proteins in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to study the sustainability and enhanced nutrition gains obtained from incorporating grape skin powder (GSP) extracted from both Fetească Neagră and Rară Neagră grape varieties into yogurt. Grape skins are major leftovers from wineries, having high amounts of phenolic compounds and dietary fiber responsible for their ability to improve the characteristics of food. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of GSP addition at varying concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) on the yogurt's physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, color parameters, and sensory attributes. Analysis revealed that both Fetească Neagră and Rară Neagră GSP increased the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity; however, Fetească Neagră showed greater improvements, with TPC reaching 1.52 mg GAE/100 g and DPPH inhibition up to 26.63%. Although slightly lower, TPC rose to 1.43 mg GAE/100 g and DPPH inhibition increased to 18.93% with Rară Neagră enhancing these parameters conversely. Color changes were observed in fortified yogurts where lightness decreased (L*) and redness increased (a*) due to the pH-dependent anthocyanin stability. Syneresis, indicative of yogurt's water-holding capacity, was reduced at higher concentrations of GSP from both varieties, suggesting improved textural integrity. Sensory evaluation indicated that consumers generally favored yogurts with lower concentrations of GSP. Yogurts fortified with Fetească Neagră GSP received higher overall preference, while those with Rară Neagră GSP were also well-received for their distinct flavor profiles when used at suitable levels. These results show that GSP from both types of grapes improves the nutritional value of yogurt and complies with the principles of sustainable food production through reutilizing agro-industrial waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit juice production is one of the most important branches of the food and beverage industry, considering both the market size and demand. It is also one of the largest generators of industrial wastewater, considering the large consumption of fresh water during fruit processing. Hence, the appropriate treatment strategies are of the utmost importance to minimize the environmental footprint of food industry effluents. This study aimed to investigate the valorization routes for strawberry juice production wastewater (SJPW), both in terms of nutrient recovery and a circular approach to its utilization as a medium for plant biostimulant production. The results show a low antioxidant capacity and low content of polyphenols in SJPW; however, promising results were obtained for the in vitro seed germination and tomato growth promotion when investigating a biostimulant based on Bacillus sp. BioSol021, which was cultivated using SJPW in a lab-scale bioreactor, with root and shoot length improvements of approximately 30% and 25%, respectively, compared to the control samples. The plant growth promotion (PGP) traits indicated the ability of IAA production, in a concentration of 8.55 ± 0.05 mg/L, and the enzymatic activity was evaluated as through the enzymatic activity index (EAI), achieving the following: 2.26 ± 0.04 for cellulolytic activity, 2.49 ± 0.08 for hemicellulolytic activity, 2.91 ± 0.16 for pectinolytic activity, and 1.05 ± 0.00 for proteolytic activity. This study opens a new chapter of possibilities for the development of techno-economically viable circular bioprocess solutions aimed at obtaining value-added microbial products for sustainable agriculture based on the valorization of food industry effluents thus contributing to more sustainable food production at both the agricultural and industrial levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigates the safety evaluation of enterocin-producing 11 E. mundtii and two E. faecium strains previously isolated from small livestock colostrums. Enterococcus species do not possess Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. Hence, it is critical to scrutinize enterococci's antibiotic resistance, virulence characteristics, and biogenic amine production capabilities in order to assess their safety before using them as starter or adjunct cultures. Results: Enterococcus strains showed susceptibility to medically significant antibiotics. Multiple-drug resistance (MDR) was found in only E. faecium HC121.4, and its multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was detected to be 0.22. The tetL and aph(3')-IIIa were the most commonly found antibiotic resistance genes in the strains. However, E. mundtii strains HC56.3, HC73.1, HC147.1, and E. faecium strain HC121.4 were detected to lack any of the antibiotic resistance genes examined in this study. Only E. mundtii HC166.3 showed hemolytic activity, while none of the strains engage in gelatinase activity. The strains were identified to have virulence factor genes with a low rate. None of the virulence factor genes could be detected in E. mundtii HC26.1, HC56.3, HC73.1, HC165.3, HC166.8, and E. faecium HC121.4. The E. mundtii HC73.2 strain displayed the highest presence of virulence factor genes, namely gelE, efaAfs, cpd, and ccf. Similarly, the E. mundtii HC112.1 strain showed a significant presence of genes efaAfm, ccf, and acm. There was no decarboxylation of histidine, ornithine, or lysine seen in any of the strains. Nevertheless, E. faecium HC121.4 and HC161.1 strains could decarboxylate tyrosine, but E. mundtii HC26.1, HC56.3, HC73.1, HC73.2, HC112.1, HC147.1, HC155.2, HC165.3, HC166.3, HC166.5, and HC166.8 strains only showed a limited capacity for tyrosine decarboxylation. None of the strains possessed the hdc, odc, or ldc genes, but all of them had the tdc gene. Conclusion: The E. mundtii HC56.3 and HC73.1 strains were deemed appropriate for utilization in food production. Using the remaining 11 strains as live cultures in food production activities could pose a possible risk to consumer health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, and the essential foods for Nigerians are cereal crops, including maize, rice, sorghum, millet, and wheat. However, their productivity is significantly affected by population pressure, poor cropland utilization, and high fertilizer costs. Against this backdrop, this study examines the relationship between cereal production, cereal cropland area, fertilizer usage, and the rural population (farm labor). The study utilizes the novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag simulation (DYARDLS) model and analyzes annual time series data for Nigeria from 1980 to 2021. The unit root test results suggest that the chosen variables are stationary. Furthermore, the bound test affirms that all variables are cointegrated, with a significance level of 1%. The results from the DYARDLS show that in the long run, a percentage change in rural population and cereal cropland area boosts cereal food production by 0.018% and 0.51%, respectively. Meanwhile, a 1% change in the food production index exacerbates cereal output by 0.25% in the long run and 1.06% in the short run. We also find that fertilizer consumption could improve cereal production in the short and long run, but the results are insignificant. In conclusion, we demonstrate that our study variables are the decisive determining factors of cereal productivity and cannot be disregarded in the mission to attain food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Burkina Faso implemented stringent measures in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that profoundly affected its economy and might have exacerbated food insecurity. While prior studies have assessed the impact of these measures on consumers, there is a dearth of evidence of its effects on food producers in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims (i) to evaluate the repercussions of COVID-19 on the possession of food production assets and on the number of livestock owned; and (ii) to determine the correlation between the food insecurity experience scale (FIES) score, ownership of these assets, and the number of livestock owned. Methods: This study employs a pre-post comparison design in two panels of randomly selected households in Burkina Faso. While Panel A was constituted of 384 households predominantly (76%) living in rural areas, Panel B comprised 504 households, only half of which (51%) lived in rural areas. All households were visited twice: in July 2019 and February 2021, for Panel A, and in February 2020 and February 2021, for Panel B. Panel B was added to the study before the pandemic thanks to additional funding; the timing of the survey was harmonized in both panels for the second round. Regression models were used with fixed effects at the household level, controlling for potential time-invariant confounding variables, and correlation coefficients between possession of production assets or number of livestock and FIES score were measured. Results: Our findings indicate that the possession of some assets in Panel A (cart, livestock, bicycle, watch) was significantly reduced during the pandemic, as was the herd sizes among livestock-owning households in both panels. Households with fewer production assets and number of livestock were more likely to experience food insecurity. Conclusion: This study underscores the vulnerability of rural households in Burkina Faso to the economic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing the challenges faced by farming and livestock-owning households is crucial for mitigating food insecurity and improving resilience in the face of ongoing crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pressure global food systems exert on the environment has amplified over time, following the growth of the human population, changes in the food consumption patterns and intensification of the production systems. Without changes in food systems, an overpressure on agriculture and food production will be unavoidable, with inevitable consequences for the environment and human health. Animal‐derived protein production like meat and milk is among the most important drivers of this impact. Under this context, the evaluation of the health and sustainability impacts of alternatives for animal‐based food proteins are central aspects of this discussion. Health risk‐benefit assessment (RBA) of foods estimates the overall human health impact following exposure to a particular food or food component, integrating risks and benefits in comparable measures. Methods that simultaneously consider the environmental impact of the food production systems were needed to perform a sustainable holistic assessment. "ALTERNATIVA | Alternative protein sources in the European diets – integrating health risk‐benefit and sustainability" aimed to develop a holistic approach to assess the impact of alternative protein sources, integrating health and sustainability assessment. This project, considering five complementary work packages, developed activities to enhance the capacity‐building among members of the consortium in applying methodologies related to the health RBA and sustainability impact assessment; to develop, in collaboration with different stakeholders, a protocol to integrate the assessment of the impact of foods/diets on health and on sustainability; to apply the derived framework to a case study, to validate it with a real case scenario, estimating the health and sustainability impacts of replacing red meat consumption by pulses in two different countries; and to disseminate and promote the established method of integrated health and sustainability assessment to other potential EU users. This external scientific report summarizes the main outputs and results obtained in the context of the ALTERNATIVA project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green technology, encompassing sustainable practices in food production, extends to dietary fiber extraction. This study aimed to enhance dietary fiber extraction from the selected barley varieties (Jou‐17, Sultan‐17, and Pearl‐21) using the ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) technique. This process involved washing, drying, de‐fatting (using ethanol as green solvent), and protein removal steps. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique was used to optimize the yield of soluble dietary fiber (SDF; β‐glucan) with time, temperature, and power. Optimal conditions yielded the highest SDF (5.21%) in all selected varieties after 17.5 min at 41.70°C with 130.5 W. FTIR pattern confirmed the functional group in the tested sample. TGA and DSC spectra determined the thermal of SDF (β‐glucan). Monosaccharide composition confirmed that SDF (β‐glucan) is glucose in nature. Proximate analysis indicated that Jou‐17 had the highest moisture (13.4%) and crude fiber (10.10%) content. Sultan‐17, on the other hand, had the maximum levels of ash (2.75%), crude fat (1.22%), and protein (8.84%). The NFE, water‐holding capacity, oil‐holding capacity, and foaming capacity of extracted SDF (β‐glucan) in the "Pearl‐21" barley variety were determined to be 78.37%, 14.07 g/g, 6.99 g/g, and 126.17%, whereas highest foaming‐stability (96.26%) was observed in Jou‐17 variety. PCA also confirmed the association in studied variables. In a nutshell, optimizing the extraction of SDF (β‐glucan) from the selected barley varieties using green technology and its favorable properties opens up promising paths for future endeavors and contributes to the advancement of sustainable and health‐conscious practices in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungi are diverse organisms with various characteristics and functions. Some play a role in recycling essential elements, such as nitrogen and carbon, while others are utilized in the food and drink production industry. Some others are known to cause diseases in various organisms, including humans. Fungal pathogens cause superficial, subcutaneous, and systemic infections. Consequently, many scientists have focused on studying the factors contributing to the development of human diseases. Therefore, multiple approaches have been assessed to examine the biology of these intriguing organisms. The genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) have demonstrated many advantages to microbial metabolism studies and the ability to propose novel therapeutic alternatives. Despite significant advancements, much remains to be elucidated regarding the use of this tool for investigating fungal metabolism. This review aims to compile the data provided by the published GEMs of human fungal pathogens. It gives specific examples of the most significant contributions made by these models, examines the advantages and difficulties associated with using such models, and explores the novel approaches suggested to enhance and refine their development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Trapa natans L. (water caltrop and water chestnut) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the International Biological Flora: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history, conservation and global heterogeneity.The water caltrop is an annual herbaceous hydrophyte rooted in the sediment of water bodies, forming flexuous underwater stems that create a buoyant, light‐capturing leaf rosette at the water surface. The submerged stem nodes additionally bear linear leaves. These are replaced by photosynthetically active, pinnately branched structures and unbranched adventitious roots early on, which complement previously established roots on the hypocotyl, altogether facilitating anchorage, nutrient and water absorption, aeration and capture of subsurface irradiance. Solitary flowers pollinated primarily through autogamy and incidentally through entomophily give rise to a fully developed edible single‐seeded drupe with two to four barbed horns. Fruits are dispersed with the help of hydrochory, epizoochory and anthropochory.Throughout its lowland, global temperate, subtropical and tropical distribution in Eurasia and Africa, the thermophilic macrophyte is found in shallow, sun‐exposed, nutrient‐rich freshwater bodies with low‐velocity flows and steady water levels. These offer slightly acidic to mildly basic conditions. The accompanying soft substrate is usually characterized by a high organic matter content. Regularly co‐occurring with other macrophytes, some of which are also of conservation concern, such as those in rare stands of the association Trapetum natantis in Europe, the water caltrop has at times been outcompeted, though it may form monodominant stands, due to several competitive features.Formerly widespread in Europe, T. natans is today recognized as a rare, strictly protected macrophyte. It has been introduced to Australia and North America; on the latter continent, its naturalization, spread and aggressive overgrowth have led to extensive control efforts. Having been used as a crop since Neolithic times, it is still exploited in Asia for means of food production, phytoremediation, ornamental purposes, medication and alternative uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent farmer protests across Europe demonstrate the complex challenges facing modern agriculture. This article examines the human story behind these protests. It explores how farmers' roles have changed from respected innovators and providers to a group caught between environmental demands, economic pressures and shifting societal expectations. Neoliberal policies, green regulations and new workforce patterns have precipitated an identity crisis among European farmers. Their protests are not just about money but also about deep‐seated anxieties concerning their place in a rapidly changing world. Farmers struggle to balance traditions with new environmental imperatives, to maintain viable livelihoods in a global market and their unease with an increasingly diverse rural workforce. European farming is at a crossroads, pointing towards possible paths for a future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquaponics, the integration of fish culture with plant production, has attracted widespread interest as a method to reduce the environmental impacts of food production and provide locally produced, healthy food. Recent surveys have found that most practitioners are hobbyists, producers, or educators. Many systems have evolved from small-scale experimental facilities devised by trial-and-error methods and implemented with locally available species. The expansion of aquaponics to commercial-scale systems is limited by the lack of standardized experimental design and performance metrics. This work documents the physical and chemical characteristics of aquaponic systems and reviews important performance parameters. This standardization will help in the design of aquaponic systems, streamline data collection and analysis, promote consistency among researchers, and aid in the economic evaluation of commercial systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carrots are root vegetables rich in nutrients and antioxidants. Phytochemicals present in them need to be preserved at an appropriate level for human health. Therefore, novel processing techniques have been utilized to maintain the nutritional composition, functional properties, and phytochemical profile of carrots. Furthermore, emerging technologies in carrot processing are also being developed to meet specific consumer demands for safe, wholesome, and minimally processed products. These novel procedures also result in environmentally friendly, sustainable food production methods that consume less energy and water while overcoming the drawbacks of conventional food processing methods. This review seeks to explain the fundamental concepts behind these emerging technologies as well as the current state of knowledge about their effects on biological cells, enzymes, and food components. The discussions on current and new applications will focus on the links between process, structure, function, and recent developments in carrot processing. The primary discoveries in the review paper are centered around the minimal processing of carrots using innovative technologies to satisfy consumer preferences while preserving their fundamental functional quality. While these methods involve mild heat treatment that impacts carrot vegetative cells, they result in increased availability of bioactive components and improvements in texture, flavor, carotenoids, total phenolic content, and more. Additionally, significant key findings include the elimination of microbes and enzymatic inactivation, which extend the shelf life of both raw and processed carrot products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering both ecological and social dimensions in the assessment of ecosystem services (ESs) can facilitate acceptable and inclusive management strategies, especially in peri-urban areas characterized by intricate human–ecosystem interactions. A limited body of research, however, has mapped the plural values of ESs and their different types of trade-offs in such areas. This research aimed to execute an interdisciplinary analysis of the biophysical and social values of ESs in peri-urban Shanghai, China, through a social–ecological approach that integrates spatial biophysical assessment with participatory mapping. Trade-off analysis in both ES types and ES valuations were then conducted, and multicriteria decision-making was applied for conservation. Our results reveal that trade-off intensities were lower within the social values compared to the biophysical values. Within both value dimensions, relatively stronger trade-offs were found between food production and other ESs. Areas with both high biophysical and social values were infrequently observed across ESs. Based on the characteristics of diverse values, our study identified priority conservation areas and provided management implications. We argue that adopting the integrated social–ecological perspective in sustainable environmental management contributes to the realization of harmonious coexistence between people and nature in peri-urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have found that growing or wild-harvesting some of one's own food is associated with food security in high-income societies. Yet this research has not established causal relationships, and it measures household food security using indicators that assess only access to market food. To disentangle how non-market food production interacts with food security, we interviewed 26 key informants who play central roles in communities of gardeners, hunters, fishers, foragers, and homesteaders in northern New England, U.S.A. These informants indicated that non-market food production relates ambiguously to short-term food access in high-income societies where market food is cheap relative to wages. But non-market production can enhance all other recognized dimensions of food security: availability, adequacy, acceptability, agency, utilization, stability, and sustainability. Causation can run the other way, too: food insecurity was said to increase the likelihood and intensity of engagement in non-market food production. Yet poverty can deprive food-insecure households of the equipment, money, skills, and land access needed for successfully producing their own food. Overall, our informants portrayed non-market food production as a skills-based safety net for reliably feeding oneself from the landscape through personal and societal crises, from the distant past to the climate-change future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal proteins from meat and its stuffs have recently been one of main concerns in the drive for sustainable food production. This viewpoint suggests that there are exciting prospects to reformulate meat products that are produced more sustainably and may also have health benefits by substituting high-protein nonmeat ingredients for some of the meat. Considering these pre-existing conditions, this review critically reviews recent data on extenders from several sources, including pulses, plant-based components, plant byproducts, and unconventional sources. We used the related keywords from Scopus-database without limiting the publishing date. With an emphasis on how these findings may impact the sustainability of meat products, it sees them as a great chance to enhance the functional quality and technological profile of meat. Therefore, to promote sustainability, meat alternatives such as plant-based meat equivalents are being made available. To boost consumer acceptability of these goods, further initiatives should also be developed to enhance the functioning of these innovative food items and increase public knowledge of plant-based meat analogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sarcomyxa edulis is a characteristic low-temperature, edible mushroom in Northeast China. It has a delicious taste and rich nutritional and medicinal value. The artificial cultivation of S. edulis has been increasing in recent years. However, the number of S. edulis varieties is scarce, and strain degradation is a serious issue, affecting the yield and quality of S. edulis. Therefore, we collected 21 wild strains of S. edulis (Y1–21) in this study, aiming to develop strains of S. edulis. Five strains without antagonistic reaction were eliminated via the antagonism test, and the remaining sixteen strains were identified as S. edulis using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) marker identification. The mycelial growth rate, mildew resistance, fruiting body yield, agronomic traits, and nutrient content of the 16 strains were determined. The results demonstrate that Y12, Y13, Y14, and Y15 exhibited a rapid mycelial growth rate (6.43–6.8 mm·day−1). Their colony density was moderate; their edges were neat; and their colonies were leathery and had obvious pigmentation. Moreover, they exhibited strong mildew resistance and a low Trichoderma contamination rate (<40%). Their fruiting body yield (281.15–342.03 g) and biological efficiency (56.23–68.40%) were high. Their fruiting body shape was good. Their polysaccharide and crude protein contents were higher, while their crude fiber, ash, and crude fat contents were lower. Overall, these four S. edulis strains exhibited high yield, excellent traits, and good quality for commercial production and food production with high nutrient contents. This study provides a foundation for the further cross-breeding and matrix improvement of S. edulis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild fruit species offer significant nutritional, environmental, and economic benefits. Among them, Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. (myrobalan) stands out for its resilience and nutrient-rich fruits, traditionally consumed fresh or dried. This study aimed to assess the morphological and biochemical diversity of 21 wild P. cerasifera accessions from Slovenia, focusing on 18 fruit and stone traits, including size, shape, color, and phenolic compounds such as total monomeric anthocyanins and total phenolic content (TPC). The objective was to identify genotypes with potential for cultivation and food production or as parental components in breeding programs. The results showed variability in fruit length (2.19–2.82 cm), width (2.18–2.99 cm), weight (67.98–150.30 g), firmness, and juiciness, with notable differences in stone characteristics. Phytochemical analysis revealed a wide range of TPC (277–1756 mg/100 g) and anthocyanin levels (0–710 mg/100 g), with higher concentrations in darker fruits. Statistical analysis compared PAM and AGNES clustering methods, finding that PAM with five clusters and AGNES with two clusters provided similar insights. The study emphasized variability in morphological and chemical traits among clusters, with specific accessions showing particularly valuable traits, such as accession RK13, which had high TPC and anthocyanins and a non-adherent stone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture is the cornerstone of human survival, necessitating unwavering attention to its sustainability. However, the agricultural sector of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries encounters substantial risks attributed to the issues presented by climate change. In light of this, we use several empirical estimates, such as the second-generation cross-sectional dependence tests, second-generation unit roots (CIPS and CADF), cointegration tests (Pedroni, Kao, and Westlund), and a novel Panel Quantile Autoregression Distributed Lag (PQARDL), to investigate the impact of climate change and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on agricultural production and trade in SSA countries between 1993 and 2021. Our findings are as follows: (1) We show that precipitation, temperature, and CO2 emissions have a positive effect on agricultural production and trade in the long run. (2) We also observe significant and adverse impacts of the ecological footprint on agriculture (production and trade) over the long run. (3) ICT negatively affects agricultural production in the long run while positively influencing agricultural trade. (4) In the short run, we identify a positive association between the ecological footprint and ICT with agricultural production and trade. At the same time, temperature and CO2 emissions exhibit adverse effects on both domains. Finally, climate resilience, sustainability, and technological advancement should be encompassed to ensure the long-term prosperity of agriculture in SSA countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The UN's Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 12 seeks to achieve sustainable food production and consumption, including reduced food loss and waste; SDG 2 proposes the goal of zero hunger. In pursuit of these goals, technology arguably has a central role, at every level of the food value chain. To establish this role, the authors identify and examine current technologies aimed at increasing food production and suitably redistributing unused food, as tactics to combat food loss and waste, with the shared end goal of reducing food insecurity. A proposed 2 × 2 typology illustrates how existing technologies can influence food production, distribution, and consumption, as well as influence the stakeholders in the food production–consumption chain. These insights also inform a research and development agenda pertaining to the need for technology applications that can increase food production and/or reduce food waste effectively enough to achieve the goal of zero hunger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a crucial step in food production, tillage and land preparation play a pivotal role in achieving sustainable crop production and improving the soil environment. However, accurate assessment of the load that agricultural machinery implements during the operation process has always been a vexing problem that needs urgent solutions. In this paper, an extrapolation and reconstruction framework for the time-domain load is constructed based on the probability-weighted moments (PWM) estimation and the peaks-over-threshold function, and the load spectrum is obtained for agriculture general power machinery. Firstly, the load acquisition system was developed, the traction resistance and output torque of the tractor were measured, and the collected load signals were preprocessed. Next, the mean excess function and PWM estimation are introduced to select the optimal threshold and generalized Pareto distribution (GPD) fitting parameters and the extreme load distribution that exceeds the threshold range is fitted. The extreme points in the original data are replaced by generating new extreme points that follow the GPD distribution, and the extrapolation of the load spectrum is achieved. Finally, the real extrapolated load spectrum was validated based on statistical characteristics and rainflow counting analysis, and the correlation coefficient between the fitting data and the extreme load samples was greater than 0.99. It can retain the load sequence characteristics of the original load to a great extent, truly reflecting the load state during the operation of agricultural machinery. Meanwhile, the characteristics of the load spectrum can be accurately obtained, such as extreme, mean, and amplitude values, and the real load during deep loosening and rotary tillage are accurately described. The values provide more authentic and reliable data support for the subsequent selection of optimal operating parameters, reliability design of the power transmission system, and the life assessment of the agricultural implements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, emerging as well as industrialized countries are transitioning toward adopting clean energy sources because of increased environmental calamities. Additionally, the rapid increase in population has improved global food production and demand. Nevertheless, the environmental consequences of food production and water investments have received limited attention from scholars. The present research investigates China's environmental determinants between 1988 and 2022. This study uses three parametric approaches (fully modified ordinary least squares [FMOLS], dynamic ordinary least squares [DOLS], and canonical cointegrating regression [CCR]) for the primary model assessment. However, this research also employed the least squares method with breaks and quantile regression to account for structural breaks and nonnormality issues. The predicted outcomes asserted that economic expansion and investment in water significantly improve the carbon emissions level in the country. However, enhanced food production and clean energy adoption improve environmental sustainability and the probability of achieving COP27 targets by reducing emissions. The outcomes are robust and reliable based on the given literature. Based on the outcomes, this research recommends improved investment in research and development, increased renewable energy production, and strong policies for decoupling economic growth from emissions via clean energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there is an increase in consumer interest in food produced from raw materials from organic farming, which has an impact on the greater attention paid to the possibility of increasing the cultivation of old cereal species. One of the cereals that is suitable for these trends is mountain rye, which is a premise for undertaking research on the usefulness of this cereal grain in food production. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare the baking value of flour with different milling yields obtained from milling mountain rye grain. The research material consisted of rye grain (Secale montanum Guss.), which was milled, and 6 different rye flours were obtained. The flour was tested for selected quality parameters such as moisture, crude protein content, total ash content, and acidity. Doughs were prepared and fermented using a single-phase method carried out in two different variants, with or without the addition of lactic acid. The obtained rye breads were quality assessed and subjected to organoleptic and consumer evaluations. The use of the fermentation method with dough acidification with lactic acid allowed us to obtain breads with a better specific volume and acidity compared to those obtained from dough without acidification. Breads baked from dough prepared using the method of non-acidification with lactic acid had better porosity of the crumb. In the quality classification, breads made from low-extract flour turned out to be the best, and breads baked from dough made using the non-lactic acid acidification method were more generally accepted by panelists. As confirmed by research, mountain rye grain is a raw material for the production of flour with good baking value, which depends on the preparation of the grain and milling method. The quality of rye bread made from mountain rye flour depends on the flour yield, the baking value of the flour, and the method used for dough fermentation for bread baking [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the exploding human population, India will have to utilize all its avenues for increasing food production. Among the various foods, fish appears to be promising in terms of its quality and price. There are a large number of indigenous small fishes which are presently under utilized. Hence, the present study was undertaken to analyse the proximate composition and mineral contents in three locally available varieties in the freshwater systems of Tiruchirappalli district, Tamil Nadu, India. Results revealed that among the three fishes, Chanda nama recorded highest concentrations of Na, K and Mn, while Mystus vittatus recorded highest concentrations of Fe and Cu and Puntius sophore recorded highet concentrations of Zn. The present study clearly indicates that all the three species are fit for human consumption in terms of their proximate composition and mineral content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of low soil cover and serious wear and tear of transmission parts in the soil lifting device of potato planters, this paper carries out innovative optimization design of its key parts based on TRIZ theory. The discrete element model of the soil model and the multi-body dynamic model of the soil lifting device are established, the upper scraping and lower scraping soil lifting devices are simulated respectively through the method of DEM-MBD coupling, and the working mechanism of the soil lifting device is further explored. The simulation results show that the lower scraping type lifting device has a large conveying capacity and a stable flow rate at the soil outlet. The results of the soil tank performance comparison test show that: the improved soil lifting device has a simple structure, large conveying capacity, stable flow rate, and fast flow speed and is not easily congested. It meets the standard requirements of dryland potato seedling strip mulching planting technology on mulching parameters and is of great significance for improving dryland food production on the Loess Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food production and pharmaceutical synthesis are posited as essential biotechnologies for facilitating human exploration beyond Earth. These technologies not only offer critical green space and food agency to astronauts but also promise to minimize mass and volume requirements through scalable, modular agriculture within closed-loop systems, offering an advantage over traditional bring-along strategies. Despite these benefits, the prevalent model for evaluating such systems exhibits significant limitations. It lacks comprehensive inventory and mass balance analyses for crop cultivation and life support, and fails to consider the complexities introduced by cultivating multiple crop varieties, which is crucial for enhancing food diversity and nutritional value. Here we expand space agriculture modeling to account for nitrogen dependence across an array of crops and demonstrate our model with experimental fitting of parameters. By adding nitrogen limitations, an extended model can account for potential interruptions in feedstock supply. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis was used to distill key consequential parameters that may be the focus of future experimental efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] Explore how to establish and implement a complete set of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) for the whole process of food production from farmland to dining table that can solve intentional pollution and vandalism on the basis of Vulnerability Assessment and Critical Control Point (VACCP) and Threat Assessment and Critical Control Point ( TACCP). [Method] Twenty different types of food production enterprises were selected for comparative experiments. Each enterprise established four kinds of food safety management systems:single HACCP system; HACCP system based on VACCP; HACCP system based on TACCP; HACCP system based on VACCP and TACCP. For these four food safety management systems, the brainstorming method is used to determine the system evaluation indicators and their weights. The expert scoring and enterprise management personnel scoring methods are used to evaluate the system evaluation indicators, and the weight calculation method is used to calculate the evaluation score of each system of each enterprise, and finally calculate the average. [Result] The single HACCP system focuses on prevention and control, which can not solve non-traditional food safety problems, and the score is the lowest; the HACCP system based on VACCP can solve the intentional pollution driven by economic interests, and the HACCP system based on TACCP can solve the intentional destruction driven by consciousness. Both of them are complementary to the single HACCP system, but they are not comprehensive, and the scores are higher than the single HACCP system. Compared with the two, the HACCP system based on VACCP has a higher score; the HACCP system based on VACCP and TACCP has the highest score, which can solve the non-traditional food safety problems and food safety problems of the whole chain. [Conclusion] The establishment and implementation of HACCP system based on VACCP and TACCP can make the food safety management system more perfect and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractNear-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy system is frequently used in food production because of its superior characteristics. Establishing models on spectral data for prediction has always been of interest. However, no satisfactory model has been developed on different data types for accuracy and reliability. In this study, an approach strategy is reported for the calibration of NIR spectra by utilizing a combination of the bootstrap technique and an ensemble method. The approach comprises three steps. First, data are resampled to create bootstrap samples. Second, four calibration models are applied to the grouped data: partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR), backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and principal component analysis-backpropagation neural network (PCA-BPNN). Finally, predictions obtained after the calibration are combined using the ensemble method. The data studied include 215, 32, and 540 samples, which were characterized as hyperspectral, small sample, and categorical data, respectively. Root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), R squared (R2), and residual prediction deviation (RPD) were used to describe the accuracy. Coverage probability of the prediction interval (PICP) and normalized average prediction interval width (NMPIW) were utilized to evaluate the reliability. The accuracies of the methods exhibited the following order: the proposed method > PLSR > SVR > BPNN ≈ PCA-BPNN. The results confirm that the reported model achieved satisfactory accuracy and was more reliable than the single calibration models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microorganisms, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, and protists, are essential to life on Earth and the functioning of the biosphere. Here, we discuss the key roles of microorganisms in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), highlighting recent and emerging advances in microbial research and technology that can facilitate our transition toward a sustainable future. Given the central role of microorganisms in the biochemical processing of elements, synthesizing new materials, supporting human health, and facilitating life in managed and natural landscapes, microbial research and technologies are directly or indirectly relevant for achieving each of the SDGs. More importantly, the ubiquitous and global role of microbes means that they present new opportunities for synergistically accelerating progress toward multiple sustainability goals. By effectively managing microbial health, we can achieve solutions that address multiple sustainability targets ranging from climate and human health to food and energy production. Emerging international policy frameworks should reflect the vital importance of microorganisms in achieving a sustainable future. Microbes are essential to life on Earth and will be core, with the advent of exciting new technologies, to our ability to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for a sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to demonstrate the effect of beef lung powder addition to model chicken emulsion formulations on quality parameters and determine the optimum usage dose. A mixture design method was employed to determine the ideal proportions of chicken meat, animal fat, and water. The optimal formulation comprises 70.48% chicken meat, 12.42% animal fat, 9.30% water/ice, and 7.80% beef lung powder (w/w). The predicted outcomes for this optimized emulsion include a cooking loss of 3.05%, emulsion stability of 85.21%, an oxidation rate increase of 2.93%, a color difference of 13.24%, and firmness of 24.16 N. The use of lung powder resulted in a reduction in cooking loss and an increase in emulsion stability and hardness. Nevertheless, an increase in both color change and oxidation rate was found in emulsion models. The results of this study demonstrate that beef lung powder is a highly functional ingredient with the capacity to significantly enhance the stability and texture of chicken emulsions. Furthermore, it has the potential to considerably improve the nutritional and quality attributes of emulsified meat products, therefore suggesting its broader applicability in food production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]