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1. Quantitative Determination of Campylobacter on Broilers along 22 United Kingdom Processing Lines To Identify Potential Process Control Points and Cross-Contamination from Colonized to Uncolonized Flocks

Author

Food Standards Agency (UK), Hutchison, M. L. [0000-0003-4159-3087], González-Bodi, S. [0000-0003-3178-2976], Hutchison, M. L., Harrison, D., Tchòrzewska, M. A., González-Bodi, S., Madden, Robert H., Corry, J. E. L., Allen, V. M., Food Standards Agency (UK), Hutchison, M. L. [0000-0003-4159-3087], González-Bodi, S. [0000-0003-3178-2976], Hutchison, M. L., Harrison, D., Tchòrzewska, M. A., González-Bodi, S., Madden, Robert H., Corry, J. E. L., and Allen, V. M.

Abstract

As part of a program to reduce numbers of the human pathogen Campylobacter on retail chickens, 22 broiler processing lines, representing more than 90% of UK production, were characterized by enumerating Campylobacter on pooled neck skins after exsanguination, scalding, defeathering, evisceration, crop removal, inside-outside washing, and air-chilling stages of processing. Sixteen of the processing lines investigated showed significant (P < 0.05) reductions in Campylobacter numbers because of carcass scalding. However, in all of these lines, the following defeathering stage caused a significant increase in Campylobacter contamination that effectively negated the reductions caused by scalding. On four processing lines, primary chilling also caused a significant reduction in numbers of Campylobacter. On three lines, there was a significant microbiological benefit from inside-outside washing. The stages where Campylobacter numbers were reduced require further investigation to determine the specific mechanisms responsible so that the observed pathogen reductions can be optimized and then more widely implemented. The transfer of up to 4 log CFU Campylobacter per g of neck skin from a colonized flock to a following uncolonized flock was observed. Cross-contamination was substantial and still detectable after 5,000 carcasses from an uncolonized flock had been processed. Numbers of Campylobacter recovered from the uncolonized flocks were highest on the first of the uncolonized birds to pass along the line, and in general, the numbers declined as more uncolonized birds were processed. Air sampling recovered low numbers at the processing stages monitored, indicating that airborne transmission was unlikely to be the primary transfer mechanism operating for cross-contamination between flocks.

Published
2022

2. Porcine Prion Protein as a Paradigm of Limited Susceptibility to Prion Strain Propagation

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Food Standards Agency (UK), Espinosa Martín, Juan Carlos [0000-0002-6719-9902], Marín-Moreno, Alba (0000-0002-4023-6398), Benestad, Sylvie L (0000-0002-3011-0484), Andreoletti, Olivier (0000-0002-7369-6016), Torres, Juan María (0000-0003-0443-9232), Espinosa Martín, Juan Carlos, Marín-Moreno, Alba, Aguilar-Calvo, Patricia, Benestad, Sylvie L., Andréoletti, Olivier, Torres, Juan María, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Food Standards Agency (UK), Espinosa Martín, Juan Carlos [0000-0002-6719-9902], Marín-Moreno, Alba (0000-0002-4023-6398), Benestad, Sylvie L (0000-0002-3011-0484), Andreoletti, Olivier (0000-0002-7369-6016), Torres, Juan María (0000-0003-0443-9232), Espinosa Martín, Juan Carlos, Marín-Moreno, Alba, Aguilar-Calvo, Patricia, Benestad, Sylvie L., Andréoletti, Olivier, and Torres, Juan María

Abstract

Although experimental transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to pigs and transgenic mice expressing pig cellular prion protein (PrPC) (porcine PrP [PoPrP]-Tg001) has been described, no natural cases of prion diseases in pig were reported. This study analyzed pig-PrPC susceptibility to different prion strains using PoPrP-Tg001 mice either as animal bioassay or as substrate for protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). A panel of isolates representatives of different prion strains was selected, including classic and atypical/Nor98 scrapie, atypical-BSE, rodent scrapie, human Creutzfeldt-Jakob-disease and classic BSE from different species. Bioassay proved that PoPrP-Tg001-mice were susceptible only to the classic BSE agent, and PMCA results indicate that only classic BSE can convert pig-PrPC into scrapie-type PrP (PrPSc), independently of the species origin. Therefore, conformational flexibility constraints associated with pig-PrP would limit the number of permissible PrPSc conformations compatible with pig-PrPC, thus suggesting that pig-PrPC may constitute a paradigm of low conformational flexibility that could confer high resistance to the diversity of prion strains.

Published
2021

3. Prions from Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Patients Propagate as Strain Mixtures

Author

European Commission, Food Standards Agency (UK), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Cassard, Hervé [0000-0001-8651-6179], Huor, Alvina [0000-0002-5598-9958], Espinosa Martín, Juan Carlos [0000-0002-6719-9902], Douet, Jean-Yves [0000-0002-0426-4957], Vilette, Didier [0000-0001-8429-9916], Delisle, Marie-Bernadette [0000-0002-8254-7047], Marín-Moreno, Alba [0000-0002-4023-6398], Peran, Patrice [0000-0001-7200-0139], Béringue, V. [0000-0001-6706-5712], Torres, Juan María [0000-0003-0443-9232], Ironside, James W. [0000-0001-5869-2108], Andréoletti, Olivier [0000-0002-7369-6016], Cassard, Hervé, Huor, Alvina, Espinosa Martín, Juan Carlos, Douet, Jean-Yves, Lugan, Séverine, Aron, Naima, Vilette, Didier, Delisle, Marie-Bernadette, Marín-Moreno, Alba, Peran, Patrice, Béringue, V., Torres, Juan María, Ironside, James W., Andréoletti, Olivier, European Commission, Food Standards Agency (UK), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Cassard, Hervé [0000-0001-8651-6179], Huor, Alvina [0000-0002-5598-9958], Espinosa Martín, Juan Carlos [0000-0002-6719-9902], Douet, Jean-Yves [0000-0002-0426-4957], Vilette, Didier [0000-0001-8429-9916], Delisle, Marie-Bernadette [0000-0002-8254-7047], Marín-Moreno, Alba [0000-0002-4023-6398], Peran, Patrice [0000-0001-7200-0139], Béringue, V. [0000-0001-6706-5712], Torres, Juan María [0000-0003-0443-9232], Ironside, James W. [0000-0001-5869-2108], Andréoletti, Olivier [0000-0002-7369-6016], Cassard, Hervé, Huor, Alvina, Espinosa Martín, Juan Carlos, Douet, Jean-Yves, Lugan, Séverine, Aron, Naima, Vilette, Didier, Delisle, Marie-Bernadette, Marín-Moreno, Alba, Peran, Patrice, Béringue, V., Torres, Juan María, Ironside, James W., and Andréoletti, Olivier

Abstract

Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) cases are currently classified according to the methionine/valine polymorphism at codon 129 of the PRNP gene and the proteinase K-digested abnormal prion protein (PrPres) isoform identified by Western blotting (type 1 or type 2). Converging evidence led to the view that MM/MV1, VV/MV2, and VV1 and MM2 sCJD cases are caused by distinct prion strains. However, in a significant proportion of sCJD patients, both type 1 and type 2 PrPres were reported to accumulate in the brain, which raised questions about the diversity of sCJD prion strains and the coexistence of two prion strains in the same patient. In this study, a panel of sCJD brain isolates (n = 29) that displayed either a single or mixed type 1/type 2 PrPres were transmitted into human-PrP-expressing mice (tgHu). These bioassays demonstrated that two distinct prion strains (M1CJD and V2CJD) were associated with the development of sCJD in MM1/MV1 and VV2/MV2 patients. However, in about 35% of the investigated VV and MV cases, transmission results were consistent with the presence of both M1CJD and V2CJD strains, including in patients who displayed a "pure" type 1 or type 2 PrPres The use of a highly sensitive prion in vitro amplification technique that specifically probes the V2CJD strain revealed the presence of the V2CJD prion in more than 80% of the investigated isolates, including isolates that propagated as a pure M1CJD strain in tgHu. These results demonstrate that at least two sCJD prion strains can be present in a single patient.IMPORTANCE sCJD occurrence is currently assumed to result from spontaneous and stochastic formation of a misfolded PrP nucleus in the brains of affected patients. This original nucleus then recruits and converts nascent PrPC into PrPSc, leading to the propagation of prions in the patient's brain. Our study demonstrates the coexistence of two prion strains in the brains of a majority of the 23 sCJD patients investigated. The relative propor

Published
2020

4. Detection and dissemination of Toxoplasma gondii in experimentally infected calves, a single test does not tell the whole story

Author

European Food Safety Authority, Food Standards Agency (UK), Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Benavides, Julio [0000-0001-9706-100X], Burrells, A., Taroda, A., Opsteegh, M., Schares, G., Benavides, Julio, Dam-Deisz, C., Bartley, Paul M., Chianini, F., Villena, I., Van Der Giessen, J., Innes, L., Katzer, Frank, European Food Safety Authority, Food Standards Agency (UK), Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Benavides, Julio [0000-0001-9706-100X], Burrells, A., Taroda, A., Opsteegh, M., Schares, G., Benavides, Julio, Dam-Deisz, C., Bartley, Paul M., Chianini, F., Villena, I., Van Der Giessen, J., Innes, L., and Katzer, Frank

Abstract

Although the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in bovine tissues is rare, beef might be an important source of human infection. The use of molecular techniques, such as magnetic capture qPCR (MC-qPCR), in combination with the gold standard method for isolating the parasite (mouse bioassay), may increase the sensitivity of T. gondii detection in infected cattle. The risk of transmission of the parasite to humans from undercooked/raw beef is not fully known and further knowledge about the predilection sites of T. gondii within cattle is needed. In the current study, six Holstein Friesian calves (Bos taurus) were experimentally infected with 106 T. gondii oocysts of the M4 strain and, following euthanasia (42 dpi), pooled tissues were tested for presence of the parasite by mouse bioassay and MC-qPCR

Published
2018

5. The development of species-specific real-time pcr assays for the detection of pheasant and quail in food

Author

Food Standards Agency (UK), Xunta de Galicia, Chisholm, J., Sánchez, Ana Cristina, Brown, Joy, Hird, H., Food Standards Agency (UK), Xunta de Galicia, Chisholm, J., Sánchez, Ana Cristina, Brown, Joy, and Hird, H.

Abstract

The development of species-specific real-time PCR assays for the detection of pheasant and quail in commercial food products are reported. Real-time PCR primer and probe sets were designed to detect the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and quail (Coturnix coturnix) and were optimized to achieve species specificity. The efficiency and sensitivity of the assays were determined and their applicability to the analysis of commercial samples assessed. The assays successfully detected pheasant and quail in complex food matrices of raw, oven-cooked, and autoclaved meat, demonstrating their suitability for use in enforcement and food control laboratories

Published
2008

6. Porcine Prion Protein as a Paradigm of Limited Susceptibility to Prion Strain Propagation

Author

Juan Carlos Espinosa, Juan María Torres, Olivier Andreoletti, Patricia Aguilar-Calvo, Alba Marín-Moreno, Sylvie L. Benestad, Centro de Investigacion en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Norwegian Veterinary Institute [Oslo], Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grants AGL2012-37988-C04-04 and AGL2016-78054-R [Agencia Estatal de Investigación/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Unión Europea] to J. C. E. and J. M. T., fellowship BES-2010–040922 to P. A. C., and fellowship INIA-FPI-SGIT-2015-02 to A. M. M.), the UK Food Standards Agency (project FS231051 ['Permeability of the Human Species Barriers to TSE Circulating Agents']), and the Fonds Europeens de Developpement Regional Programme Operationnel de Cooperation Territoriale Espagne France Andorre REDPRION (project EFA148/16 [REDPRION] to O. A.)., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Food Standards Agency (UK), Espinosa, Juan Carlos, Marín-Moreno, Alba (0000-0002-4023-6398), Benestad, Sylvie L (0000-0002-3011-0484), Andreoletti, Olivier (0000-0002-7369-6016), and Torres, Juan María (0000-0003-0443-9232)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Genetically modified mouse, pig, Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, animal diseases, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Prion strain, Scrapie, Biology, BSE, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Bioassay, Prion protein, classic scrapie, PrP, prion conversion, atypical/Nor98 scrapie, prion strains, swine, medicine.disease, Virology, nervous system diseases, High resistance, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Protein Misfolding Cyclic Amplification, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

10 Pág. Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Although experimental transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) to pigs and transgenic mice expressing pig cellular prion protein (PrPC) (porcine PrP [PoPrP]-Tg001) has been described, no natural cases of prion diseases in pig were reported. This study analyzed pig-PrPC susceptibility to different prion strains using PoPrP-Tg001 mice either as animal bioassay or as substrate for protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA). A panel of isolates representatives of different prion strains was selected, including classic and atypical/Nor98 scrapie, atypical-BSE, rodent scrapie, human Creutzfeldt-Jakob-disease and classic BSE from different species. Bioassay proved that PoPrP-Tg001-mice were susceptible only to the classic BSE agent, and PMCA results indicate that only classic BSE can convert pig-PrPC into scrapie-type PrP (PrPSc), independently of the species origin. Therefore, conformational flexibility constraints associated with pig-PrP would limit the number of permissible PrPSc conformations compatible with pig-PrPC, thus suggesting that pig-PrPC may constitute a paradigm of low conformational flexibility that could confer high resistance to the diversity of prion strains., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grants AGL2012- 37988-C04-04 and AGL2016-78054-R [Agencia Estatal de Investigación/Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, Unión Europea] to J. C. E. and J. M. T., fellowship BES-2010–040922 to P. A. C., and fellowship INIA-FPI-SGIT-2015-02 to A. M. M.), the UK Food Standards Agency (project FS231051 [“Permeability of the Human Species Barriers to TSE Circulating Agents”]), and the Fonds Europeens de Developpement Regional Programme Operationnel de Cooperation Territoriale Espagne France Andorre REDPRION (project EFA148/16 [REDPRION] to O. A.)

Published
2021

7. Blood Metal Levels and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Risk: A Prospective Cohort

Author

Broberg, Karin E., Kippler, Maria J., Veldink, Jan Herman, Van Den Berg, Leonard H., Middleton, Lefkos T., Travis, Ruth C., Bergmann, Manuela M., Mancini, Francesca Romana, Katzke, Verena Andrea, Agudo, Antonio T., Gómez, Jesús Humberto, Rodríguez-Barranco, Miguel A., Trichopoulou, Antonia D., Vermeulen, Roel C.H., Peters, Susan, Broberg, Karin, Gallo, Valentina, Levi, Michael, Kippler, Maria, Vineis, Paolo, Veldink, Jan, Berg, Leonard, Middleton, Lefkos, Travis, Ruth, Bergmann, Manuela, Palli, Domenico, Grioni, Sara, Tumino, Rosario, Elbaz, Alexis, Vlaar, Tim, Mancini, Francesca, Kühn, Tilman, Katzke, Verena, Agudo, Antonio, Goñi, Fernando, Gómez, Jesús‐humberto, Rodríguez‐barranco, Miguel, Merino, Susana, Barricarte, Aurelio, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Jenab, Mazda, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Vermeulen, Roel, Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer - International Agency for Research on Cancer (CIRC - IARC), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), FOOD‐CT‐2005‐513943 Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs Cancer Research UK, CRUK Wellcome Trust, WT German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ Department of Health, Australian Government Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Inserm Kræftens Bekæmpelse, DCS Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII: C03/09 Stichting Diabetes Onderzoek Nederland British Heart Foundation, BHF Norges Forskningsråd QLK4CT199900927 Stroke Association European Commission, EC Deutsche Krebshilfe World Cancer Research Fund, WCRF Kreftforeningen, NCS Medical Research Council, MRC, The EPIC study is funded by a number of grants, however, no funding source had any role in the preparation of this article. The EPIC study was funded by the Europe against Cancer program of the European Commission (SANCO), Italian Association for Research on Cancer, and Italian National Research Council. In addition, the authors thank the following for their financial support: the Environmental Cancer Risk, Nutrition, and Individual Susceptibility Network of Excellence, operating within the European Union Sixth Framework Program, Priority 5: Food Quality and Safety (FOOD‐CT‐2005‐513943), European Community Fifth Framework Program (grant QLK4CT199900927), ISCIII, Red de Centros RCESP (C03/09), Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Danish Cancer Society, Health Research Fund of the Spanish Ministry of Health, Spanish Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia, and Navarra, Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, UK, Stroke Association, UK, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, UK, Food Standards Agency, UK, Wellcome Trust, UK, Greek Ministry of Health, Greek Ministry of Education, Italian Association for Research on Cancer, Italian National Research Council, Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare, and Sports, Netherlands Cancer Registry, LK Research Funds, Dutch Prevention Funds, Zorg Onderzoek Nederland, World Cancer Research Fund, Statistics Netherlands, Swedish Cancer, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Government of Skåne and Västerbotten, Sweden, Norwegian Cancer Society, Research Council of Norway, French League against Cancer, INSERM, Mutuelle Generale l'Education National, and IGR. The EPIC‐Norfolk study (DOI 10.22025/2019.10.105.00004) has received funding from the Medical Research Council (MR/N003284/1 and MC‐UU_12015/1) and Cancer Research UK (C864/A14136)., and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Neurology, Gastroenterology, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, LEAD-EXPOSURE, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Research Articles, POPULATION, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Science & Technology, Neurology & Neurosurgery, business.industry, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Neurosciences, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Retrospective cohort study, Odds ratio, Environmental exposure, Environmental Exposure, Mercury, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, Cohort, Population study, Female, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurosciences & Neurology, Neurology (clinical), SMOKING, 1109 Neurosciences, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article, Cohort study
Abstract

International audience; Objective: Metals have been suggested as a risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but only retrospective studies are available to date. We compared metal levels in prospectively collected blood samples from ALS patients and controls, to explore whether metals are associated with ALS mortality. Methods: A nested ALS case–control study was conducted within the prospective EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) cohort. Cases were identified through death certificates. We analyzed metal levels in erythrocyte samples obtained at recruitment, as a biomarker for metal exposure from any source. Arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, selenium, and zinc concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. To estimate ALS risk, we applied conditional logistic regression models. Results: The study population comprised 107 cases (65% female) and 319 controls matched for age, sex, and study center. Median time between blood collection and ALS death was 8 years (range = 1–15). Comparing the highest with the lowest tertile, cadmium (odds ratio [OR] = 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08–3.87) and lead (OR = 1.89, 95% CI = 0.97–3.67) concentrations suggest associations with increased ALS risk. Zinc was associated with a decreased risk (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.27–0.94). Associations for cadmium and lead remained when limiting analyses to noncurrent smokers. Interpretation: This is the first study to compare metal levels before disease onset, minimizing reverse causation. The observed associations suggest that cadmium, lead, and zinc may play a role in ALS etiology. Cadmium and lead possibly act as intermediates on the pathway from smoking to ALS. ANN NEUROL 20209999:n/a–n/a.

Published
2021

8. Detection and dissemination of Toxoplasma gondii in experimentally infected calves, a single test does not tell the whole story

Author

Frank Katzer, Julio Benavides, Elisabeth A. Innes, Gereon Schares, Alessandra Taroda, Marieke Opsteegh, Joke van der Giessen, Cecile Dam-Deisz, Alison Burrells, Francesca Chianini, Paul M. Bartley, Isabella Villena, European Food Safety Authority, Food Standards Agency (UK), Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Benavides, Julio, State University of Londrina = Universidade Estadual de Londrina, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), and Benavides, Julio [0000-0001-9706-100X]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, animal diseases, 030231 tropical medicine, Cattle Diseases, Toxoplasma gondii, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, law.invention, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Food safety, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Mouse bioassay, 0302 clinical medicine, law, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, Magnetic capture, Animals, Bioassay, Parasite hosting, lcsh:RC109-216, Seroconversion, Polymerase chain reaction, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, biology, Research, Animal Structures, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 3. Good health, Toxoplasmosis, Animal, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasitology, Biological Assay, Cattle, Beef, Toxoplasma
Abstract

8 páginas, 3 tablas, 1 figura., Although the detection of Toxoplasma gondii in bovine tissues is rare, beef might be an important source of human infection. The use of molecular techniques, such as magnetic capture qPCR (MC-qPCR), in combination with the gold standard method for isolating the parasite (mouse bioassay), may increase the sensitivity of T. gondii detection in infected cattle. The risk of transmission of the parasite to humans from undercooked/raw beef is not fully known and further knowledge about the predilection sites of T. gondii within cattle is needed. In the current study, six Holstein Friesian calves (Bos taurus) were experimentally infected with 106 T. gondii oocysts of the M4 strain and, following euthanasia (42 dpi), pooled tissues were tested for presence of the parasite by mouse bioassay and MC-qPCR, The research was conducted by a consortium within the framework of project number GA/EFSA/BIOHAZ/2013/01 entitled “Relationship between seroprevalence in the main livestock species and presence of Toxoplasma gondii in meat”, grant agreement funded by the European Food Safety Authority (400,000 euro). This publication is based on the results obtained in the framework of this project and it is published under the sole responsibility of the authors, and shall not be considered as an EFSA output. Additional funding was also obtained from the Food Standards Agency (UK) and the Scottish Government, Rural and Environmental Sciences and Analytical Services (RESAS).

Published
2018

9. Selenium and prostate cancer: analysis of individual participant data from fifteen prospective studies

Author

Pilar Galan, Markku Heliövaara, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Naomi E. Allen, Meir J. Stampfer, Laurence N. Kolonel, Marc Gunter, Serge Hercberg, Elizabeth A. Platz, Jeannette M. Schenk, Demetrius Albanes, Mélanie Deschasaux, Piet A. van den Brandt, Mathilde Touvier, E. Jeffrey Metter, Mary E. Reid, Ruth C. Travis, Matt J. Barnett, Paul N. Appleby, Valeria Pala, Anja Olsen, Amanda Black, Brian E. Henderson, Christina Lasheras, Gary E. Goodman, Timothy J. Key, Jakob Linseisen, Antonia Trichopoulou, Paul Knekt, Kathy J. Helzlsouer, Marian L. Neuhouser, Harri Rissanen, Pär Stattin, Phyllis J. Goodman, Catherine M. Tangen, Nuffield Department of Population Health - Clinical Trial Service Unit, University of Oxford [Oxford], Nuffield Department of Population Health - Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health - Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH)-National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Division of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center [Seattle] (FHCRC), Faculty of Medicine - Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, School of Public Health - Departmen of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), SWOG Southwest Oncology Group, School of Public Health - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Prevention and Research Center, Mercy Medical Center, Keck School of Med,icine - Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center - Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California (USC), Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Faculty of Medicine - Department of Functional Biology, Universidad de Oviedo, Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Health Science Center - Department of Neurology - Intramural Research Program - National Institute of AgingUSA, University of Tennessee System, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori - National Cancer Institute [Milan], Department of Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI), Cancer Prevention Program, Brigham and Women's Institute - Channing Division of Network Medicine, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences - Urology and Andrology, Umeå University, Department of Biostatistics [Oslo], Institute of Basic Medical Sciences [Oslo], Faculty of Medicine [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Medicine [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Hellenic Health Foundation, GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology - Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht University [Maastricht], Cancer Research UK [C570/A11691, C8221/A19170], National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, Prostate Spore Grant [CA58236], US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health [U01 CA63673, P01 CA 33619, R37 CA 54281, RO1 CA49764, CA37429, CA42182, CA58684, CA57374, CA94028, CA55075], Clinical Nutrition Research Unit [P30 DK35816], Department of Defense [DAMD1-94-J-4265], Europe Against Cancer Programme of the European Commission, German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Danish Cancer Society, Health Research Fund of the Spanish Ministry of Health, Centros de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Barcelona, Spain, Medical Research Council, UK, Stroke Association (UK), British Heart Foundation, Department of Health (UK), Food Standards Agency (UK), Greek Ministry of Education, Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Italian Association for Research on Cancer, Italian National Research Council, Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Dutch Ministry of Health, Dutch Prevention Funds, LK Research Funds, Dutch Zorg Onderzoek Nederland, World Cancer Research Fund, Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Government of Skane, Sweden, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research [FK 0313846A], Deutsche Krebshilfe [10-1793 Scholl], Cancer Society of Finland, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL35464], US National Cancer Institute, Dutch Cancer Society [UM 2009-4556], Intramural Research Program, French Ministry of Health/Direction Generale de la Sante, University of Oxford, Maastricht University, National Cancer Institute (NIH), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7) - Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5) - Université Paris 13 - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (COMUE) (USPC), National Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Southern California, Massachusetts General Hospital, Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tennessee, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Harvard Medical School, Umea University, Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo (UiO), RS: GROW - R1 - Prevention, RS: CAPHRI - R5 - Optimising Patient Care, and Epidemiologie

Subjects
Oncology, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease, Lower risk, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, Prostate cancer, Selenium, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, ddc:610, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Gynecology, Cancer och onkologi, business.industry, Case-control study, Prostatic Neoplasms, Odds ratio, Articles, Middle Aged, Protective Factors, Toes, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Nails, Cancer and Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Case-Control Studies, Risk assessment, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Some observational studies suggest that a higher selenium status is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer but have been generally too small to provide precise estimates of associations, particularly by disease stage and grade. METHODS: Collaborating investigators from 15 prospective studies provided individual-participant records (from predominantly men of white European ancestry) on blood or toenail selenium concentrations and prostate cancer risk. Odds ratios of prostate cancer by selenium concentration were estimated using multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: Blood selenium was not associated with the risk of total prostate cancer (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio [OR] per 80 percentile increase = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83 to 1.23, based on 4527 case patients and 6021 control subjects). However, there was heterogeneity by disease aggressiveness (ie, advanced stage and/or prostate cancer death, Pheterogeneity = .01), with high blood selenium associated with a lower risk of aggressive disease (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.87) but not with nonaggressive disease. Nail selenium was inversely associated with total prostate cancer (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.40, Ptrend < .001, based on 1970 case patients and 2086 control subjects), including both nonaggressive (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.22 to 0.50) and aggressive disease (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.11 to 0.31, Pheterogeneity = .08). CONCLUSIONS: Nail, but not blood, selenium concentration is inversely associated with risk of total prostate cancer, possibly because nails are a more reliable marker of long-term selenium exposure. Both blood and nail selenium concentrations are associated with a reduced risk of aggressive disease, which warrants further investigation.

Published
2016

10. Dietary intakes and food sources of phenolic acids in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study

Author

Sabina Sieri, Elio Riboli, Konstantinos Tsiotas, Fulvio Ricceri, Raul Zamora-Ros, Florence Perquier, Pilar Amiano, Domenico Palli, Kim Overvad, José María Huerta, Marina Touillaud, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Anne Tjønneland, Petra H.M. Peeters, Guy Fagherazzi, Peter Wallström, Dagrun Engeset, Joseph A. Rothwell, Rosario Tumino, Carlos González, Ingegerd Johansson, Kay Thee Khaw, Vassiliki Benetou, Francesca L. Crowe, Aurelio Barricarte, Isabelle Romieu, Rikard Landberg, Jana Förster, Nadia Slimani, Augustin Scalbert, Martine M. Ros, Ulrika Ericson, Jytte Halkjær, Viktoria Knaze, Nicholas J. Wareham, Verena A. Grote, Heiner Boeing, Petra A. Wark, Elisabete Weiderpass, Esther Molina-Montes, Kuanrong Li, Guri Skeie, Virginia Menéndez, Maria Santucci de Magistris, Antonia Trichopoulou, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Centre International de Recherche contre le Cancer (CIRC), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Consejo de Salud de la Región de Murcia, Partenaires INRAE, Instituto Navarro de Salud Publica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biodonostia (Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Bioengineering Area), Dirección General de Salud Pública, Civile - M.P.Arezzo Hospital, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Istituto per lo Studio e la Prevezione Oncologica, Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-Institute of Public Health, Epidemiology Unit, Medical Research Council, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens., Hellenic Health Foundation, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Imperial College London, Danish Cancer Society, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Lund University [Lund], Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), University of Tromsø (UiT), European Commission: Public Health and Consumer Protection Directorate, Research Directorate-General, Ligue contre le Cancer, Institut Gustave Roussy, Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) (France), Institut National du Cancer (France), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Danish Cancer Society: Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health (RTICC) [DR06/0020], Catalan Institute of Oncology of Spain, Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, UK, Stroke Association, UK, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, UK, Food Standards Agency, UK, Wellcome Trust, UK, Hellenic Ministry of Health, Stavros Niarchos Foundation, Italian Association for Research on Cancer, Compagnia San Paolo, Italy, Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Dutch Ministry of Health, Dutch Prevention Funds, LK Research Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), Statistics Netherlands (The Netherlands), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Government of Skane, Sweden, Nordforsk - Centre of Excellence programme, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [CD09/00133], Universitat de Barcelona, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), University of Oxford, ProdInra, Migration, and IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori [Milano]

Subjects
Male, Nutritional Sciences, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medicine (miscellaneous), Coffee, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Neoplasms, Surveys and Questionnaires, Hydroxybenzoates, Prospective Studies, Food science, Food sources, Prospective cohort study, Càncer, Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Cancer, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Anthropometry, Geography, European Prospective, dietary intakes, Middle Aged, Hydroxycinnamic acid, 3. Good health, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Europe, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Cohort, Female, Epic study, Dieta, Dietary intakes, Cohort study, Adult, Hydroxybenzoic acid, Coumaric Acids, Phenolic acids, food sources, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Diet Surveys, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Life Style, Nutrició, Aged, Nutrition, Inflammation, Phenolic acid, Diet, Oxidative Stress, Social Class, chemistry, european prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition, phenolic acids
Abstract

International audience; Phenolic acids are secondary plant metabolites that may have protective effects against oxidative stress, inflammation and cancer in experimental studies. To date, limited data exist on the quantitative intake of phenolic acids. We estimated the intake of phenolic acids and their food sources and associated lifestyle factors in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Phenolic acid intakes were estimated for 36 037 subjects aged 35-74 years and recruited between 1992 and 2000 in ten European countries using a standardised 24 h recall software (EPIC-Soft), and their food sources were identified. Dietary data were linked to the Phenol-Explorer database, which contains data on forty-five aglycones of phenolic acids in 452 foods. The total phenolic acid intake was highest in Aarhus, Denmark (1265.5 and 980.7 mg/d in men and women, respectively), while the intake was lowest in Greece (213.2 and 158.6 mg/d in men and women, respectively). The hydroxycinnamic acid subclass was the main contributor to the total phenolic acid intake, accounting for 84.6-95.3% of intake depending on the region. Hydroxybenzoic acids accounted for 4.6-14.4%, hydroxyphenylacetic acids 0.1-0.8% and hydroxyphenylpropanoic acids

Published
2013

11. Alcohol attributable burden of incidence of cancer in eight European countries based on results from prospective cohort study

Author

Antonio Agudo, Carla H. van Gils, Naomi E. Allen, Miren Dorronsoro, Tobias Pischon, Christina C. Dahm, Antonia Trichopoulou, Madlen Schütze, Sabine Rohrmann, Tara Kehoe, Nadia Slimani, Nicholas J. Wareham, Aurelio Barricarte, Paolo Boffetta, Kim Overvad, Rudolf Kaaks, Petra H.M. Peeters, María José Sánchez, Jürgen Rehm, Anja Olsen, Gerrit Gmel, Laudina Rodríguez, Manuela M. Bergmann, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Heiner Boeing, Franco Berrino, Petra A. Wark, Mazda Jenab, Elio Riboli, María Dolores Chirlaque, Vasiliki Benetou, Anne Tjønneland, Dora Romaguera, Kay-Tee Khaw, Rosario Tumino, Paolo Vineis, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Dimosthenis Zylis, Domenico Palli, Timothy J. Key, Schütze, M., Boeing, H., Pischon, T., Rehm, J., Kehoe, T., Gmel, G., Olsen, A., Tjønneland, A.M., Dahm, C.C., Overvad, K., Clavel-Chapelon, F., Boutron-Ruault, M.C., Trichopoulou, A., Benetou, V., Zylis, D., Kaaks, R., Rohrmann, S., Palli, D., Berrino, F., Tumino, R., Vineis, P., Rodríguez, L., Agudo, A., Sánchez, M.J., Dorronsoro, M., Chirlaque, M.D., Barricarte, A., Peeters, P.H., van Gils, C.H., Khaw, K.T., Wareham, N., Allen, N.E., Key, T.J., Boffetta, P., Slimani, N., Jenab, M., Romaguera, D., Wark, P.A., Riboli, E., Bergmann, M.M., [Schuetze,M, Boeing,H, Pischon,T, Bergmann,MM.] German Inst Human Nutr Potsdam Rehbrucke, Dept Epidemiol, Nuthetal, Germany. [Rehm,J, Kehoe,T, Gmel,G] CAMH, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Rehm, J] Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Clin Psychol & Psychotherapy, Dresden, Germany. [Olsen,A, Tjonneland,AM.] Danish Canc Soc, Inst Canc Epidemiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Dahm,CC] Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Epidemiol, Aalborg, Denmark. [Overvad,K] Aarhus Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Aarhus, Denmark. [Clavel-Chapelon,F, Boutron-Ruault,M-C] Inst Gustave Roussy, Ctr Res Epidemiol & Populat Hlth,Villejuif, France. [Clavel-Chapelon,F, Boutron-Ruault,MC] Paris S Univ, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France. [Trichopoulou, A, Benetou,V, Zylis,D] Univ Athens, Sch Med, Dept Hyg Epidemiol & Med Stat, WHO Collaborating Ctr Food & Nutr Policies, Athens, Greece. [Kaaks,R, Rohrmann,S] German Canc Res Ctr, Div Canc Epidemiol, Heidelberg, Germany. [Palli,D] Canc Res & Prevent Inst, Mol & Nutr Epidemiol Unit, Florence, Italy. [Berrino, Franco] Fdn IRCCS Ist Nazl Tumori, Dept Prevent & Predict Med, Epidemiol Unit, Milan, Italy. [Tumino,R] Civile MP Arezzo Hosp, Canc Registry, Ragusa, Italy. [Vineis, Paolo] Inst Sci Interchange Fdn, Turin, Italy. [Rodriguez,L] Hlth & Hlth Care Serv Council, Publ Hlth & Participat Directorate, Asturias, Spain. [Tumino,R] Civile MP Arezzo Hosp, Histopathol Unit, Ragusa, Italy. [Agudo,A] Catalan Inst Oncol IDIBELL, Canc Epidemiol Res Programme, Unit Nutr Environm & Canc, Barcelona, Spain. [Sanchez,MJ] Andalusian Sch Publ Hlth, Granada, Spain. [Sanchez,MJ, Dorronsoro,M, Chirlaque,MD, Barricarte,A] CIBERESP, San Sebastian, Spain. [Dorronsoro, Miren] Publ Hlth Dept Gipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain. [Chirlaque,MD] Murcia Reg Hlth Council, Dept Epidemiol, Murcia, Spain. [Peeters,PH., van Gils,CH.] Univ Med Ctr, Ctr Hlth Sci & Primary Care, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Khaw,K_T] Univ Cambridge, Dept Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Cambridge, England. [Wareham,N] MRC, Epidemiol Unit, Cambridge, England. [Allen,NE., Key,TJ.] Univ Oxford, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Canc Epidemiol Unit, England. [Boffetta, P, Slimani,N, Jenab,M] Int Agcy Res Canc, Lyon, France. [Boffetta,P] Mt Sinai Sch Med, Tisch Canc Inst, New York, NY USA. [Vineis,P, Romaguera,D, Wark,PA., Riboli,E] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England., The work was performed (partly) within the coordinated action EPIC (SP23-CT-2005-006438), which has received research funding from the Community’s Sixth Framework Programme, as well as by the 'Europe Against Cancer' Programme of the European Commission (SANCO), Deutsche Krebshilfe, German Cancer Research Center, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Danish Cancer Society, Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health (grant No: Network RCESP C03/09), Spanish Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, ISCIII, Red de Centros RETIC(RD06/0020) (grant No: C03/09), Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, UK, Stroke Association, UK, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, UK, Food Standards Agency, UK, Wellcome Trust, UK, Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC), Compagnia di San Paolo, Progetto Integrato Oncologia-PIO, Regione Toscana, Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, National Cancer Registry of the Netherlands, Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, and Hellenic Health Foundation and Stavros Niarchos Foundation

Subjects
Male, Alcohol drinking, Alcohol use disorder, burden, 0302 clinical medicine, Breast cancer, Cost of Illness, Neoplasms, Medicine, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Health Education, General Environmental Science, Colon Cancer, Incidence (epidemiology), Hazard ratio, General Engineering, General Medicine, cohort, Middle Aged, Diseases::Neoplasms [Medical Subject Headings], Consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, 3. Good health, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Colon cancer, Europe, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Incidencia, Alcohol, Cohort study, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, Health Promotion, 03 medical and health sciences, Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies [Medical Subject Headings], Breast Cancer, Humans, cancer, Sex Distribution, Aged, Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Services::Preventive Health Services::Health Education [Medical Subject Headings], business.industry, Research, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques [Medical Subject Headings], prospective, medicine.disease, Surgery, Epidemiologic Studies, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Relative risk, attributable, Attributable risk, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Drinking Behavior::Alcohol Drinking [Medical Subject Headings], incidence, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::Incidence [Medical Subject Headings], business, Quantitative research, Demography
Abstract

Objective To compute the burden of cancer attributable to current and former alcohol consumption in eight European countries based on direct relative risk estimates from a cohort study. Design Combination of prospective cohort study with representative population based data on alcohol exposure. Setting Eight countries (France, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Greece, Germany, Denmark) participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Participants 109 118 men and 254 870 women, mainly aged 37-70. Main outcome measures Hazard rate ratios expressing the relative risk of cancer incidence for former and current alcohol consumption among EPIC participants. Hazard rate ratios combined with representative information on alcohol consumption to calculate alcohol attributable fractions of causally related cancers by country and sex. Partial alcohol attributable fractions for consumption higher than the recommended upper limit (two drinks a day for men with about 24 g alcohol, one for women with about 12 g alcohol) and the estimated total annual number of cases of alcohol attributable cancer. Results If we assume causality, among men and women, 10% (95% confidence interval 7 to 13%) and 3% (1 to 5%) of the incidence of total cancer was attributable to former and current alcohol consumption in the selected European countries. For selected cancers the figures were 44% (31 to 56%) and 25% (5 to 46%) for upper aerodigestive tract, 33% (11 to 54%) and 18% (−3 to 38%) for liver, 17% (10 to 25%) and 4% (−1 to 10%) for colorectal cancer for men and women, respectively, and 5.0% (2 to 8%) for female breast cancer. A substantial part of the alcohol attributable fraction in 2008 was associated with alcohol consumption higher than the recommended upper limit: 33 037 of 178 578 alcohol related cancer cases in men and 17 470 of 397 043 alcohol related cases in women. Conclusions In western Europe, an important proportion of cases of cancer can be attributable to alcohol consumption, especially consumption higher than the recommended upper limits. These data support current political efforts to reduce or to abstain from alcohol consumption to reduce the incidence of cancer.

Published
2011

12. Association between pre-diagnostic circulating vitamin D concentration and risk of colorectal cancer in European populations:a nested case-control study

Author

Jakob Linseisen, Pierre Hainaut, Antonia Trichopoulou, Eiliv Lund, Pietro Ferrari, Sophie Morois, Kay-Tee Khaw, Kim Overvad, Philippe Autier, Gesthimani Misirli, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Timothy J. Key, Andrew W. Roddam, Carla H. van Gils, Salvatore Panico, María J. Tormo, Paolo Vineis, Graham Byrnes, Eugene Jansen, Fränzel J.B. Van Duijnhoven, María José Sánchez, Martine M. Ros, Teresa Norat, Anja Olsen, Anne Tjønneland, Rudolf Kaaks, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Tobias Pischon, Göran Hallmans, R. Palmqvist, Domenico Palli, Rosario Tumino, Sabina Rinaldi, Manuela M. Bergmann, Franco Berrino, Magritt Brustad, Eva Ardanaz, Heiner Boeing, Miren Dorronsoro, Nadia Slimani, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Petra H.M. Peeters, Elio Riboli, Mazda Jenab, Laudina Rodríguez, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Carlos A. González, [Jenab M, Ferrari P, Slimani N, Byrnes G, Rinaldi S, Autier P, Hainaut P] International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France. [Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van Duijnhoven FJB, Jansen EHJM, Ros MM] National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands. [Ferrari P] Data Collection and Exposure Unit, European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Parma, Italy. [van Duijnhoven FJB, van Gils CH, Peeters PH] Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Norat T, Vineis P, Riboli E] School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK. [Pischon T, Boeing H, Bergmann MM] Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany. [Tjonneland A, Olsen A] Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Overvad K] Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. [Boutron-Ruault M-C, Clavel-Chapelon F, Morois S] Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) ERI 20, EA. [Kaaks R, Linseisen J] Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. [Trichopoulou A, Misirli G] Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Athens Medical School, Greece. [Trichopoulou A] Hellenic Health Foundation, Greece. [Trichopoulos D] Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, USA and Bureau of Epidemiologic Research, Academy of Athens, Greece. [Berrino F] Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Etiologic Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (National Cancer Institute), Milan, Italy. [Vineis P] ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy. [Panico S] Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. [Palli D] Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, ISPO (Cancer Research and Prevention Institute), Florence, Italy. [Tumino R] Ragusa Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, 'Civile M.P.Arezzo' Hospital, ASP 7 Ragusa, Italy. [Ros MM] Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and HTA, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Brustad M, Lund E] Centre for Sami Health Research, Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway. [Tormo MJ] Epidemiology Service, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Spain. [Ardanaz E] Public Health Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. [Ardanaz E, Sánchez MJ] CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain. [Rodríguez L] Health Information Section, Public Health and Participation Directorate, Health and Health Care Services Council, Asturias, Spain. [Sánchez MJ] Andalusian School of Public Health-Granada (Spain). [Dorronsoro M] Epidemiology Unit, Public Health Division of Guipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain. [Gonzalez CA] Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain. [Hallmans G] Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Nutritional Research, Umeå, Sweden. [Palmqvist R] Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. [Roddam A, Key TJ] Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [Khaw KT] Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [Bueno-de-Mesquita HB] Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Linseisen J] Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, We thank the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF, London, UK, grant number 2005/12) for grant funding for the present study. The EPIC study was supported by the Europe Against Cancer Programme of the European Commission (SANCO), Ligue contre le Cancer (France), Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Center, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Danish Cancer Society, Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health (RETIC-RD06/0020), the participating regional governments and institutions of Spain, The ISCIII Red de Centro RCESP (C03/09), Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, UK, the Stroke Association, UK, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, UK, Food Standards Agency, UK, the Wellcome Trust, UK, Greek Ministry of Health and Social Solidarity, Hellenic Health Foundation and Stavros Niarchos Foundation, Greek Ministry of Education, Italian Association for Research on Cancer, Italian National Research Council, Compagnia di San Paolo, Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, Dutch Ministry of Health, Dutch Prevention Funds, LK Research Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Governments of Skane and Vasterbotten, Sweden, and Norwegian Cancer Society., Jenab, M, Bueno de Mesquita, Hb, Ferrari, P, van Duijnhoven, Fj, Norat, T, Pischon, T, Jansen, Eh, Slimani, N, Byrnes, G, Rinaldi, S, Tjønneland, A, Olsen, A, Overvad, K, Boutron Ruault, Mc, Clavel Chapelon, F, Morois, S, Kaaks, R, Linseisen, J, Boeing, H, Bergmann, Mm, Trichopoulou, A, Misirli, G, Trichopoulos, D, Berrino, F, Vineis, P, Panico, Salvatore, Palli, D, Tumino, R, Ros, Mm, van Gils, Ch, Peeters, Ph, Brustad, M, Lund, E, Tormo, Mj, Ardanaz, E, Rodríguez, L, Sánchez, Mj, Dorronsoro, M, Gonzalez, Ca, Hallmans, G, Palmqvist, R, Roddam, A, Key, Tj, Khaw, Kt, Autier, P, Hainaut, P, Riboli, E., and University of Groningen

Subjects
Oncology, Male, Colorectal cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Neoplasias colorrectales, SERUM 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D, DIETARY-INTAKE, Epidemiology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Vitamin D, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, Colon Cancer, COLON-CANCER, Confounding, General Engineering, Estudios de Casos y Controles, Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe [Medical Subject Headings], General Medicine, Middle Aged, META-ANALYSIS, 3. Good health, Europe, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cohort, Female, Risk assessment, Colorectal Neoplasms, Europa, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, D SUPPLEMENTATION, medicine.medical_specialty, CALCIUM INTAKE, Vitamina D, Chemicals and Drugs::Polycyclic Compounds::Steroids::Secosteroids::Vitamin D [Medical Subject Headings], Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Molecular epidemiology [NCEBP 1], 03 medical and health sciences, Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Case-Control Studies [Medical Subject Headings], Medicine, General & Internal, D-RECEPTOR, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, medicine, Humans, ddc:610, Life Style, Immunology (Including Allergy), Science & Technology, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D LEVELS, business.industry, Research, Case-control study, Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Digestive System Neoplasms::Gastrointestinal Neoplasms::Intestinal Neoplasms::Colorectal Neoplasms [Medical Subject Headings], medicine.disease, RANDOMIZED-CONTROLLED-TRIALS, Diet, Epidemiologic Studies, Endocrinology, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Case-Control Studies, Nested case-control study, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Calcium, D METABOLITES, business
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 88351.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between pre-diagnostic circulating vitamin D concentration, dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium, and the risk of colorectal cancer in European populations. DESIGN: Nested case-control study. Setting The study was conducted within the EPIC study, a cohort of more than 520 000 participants from 10 western European countries. PARTICIPANTS: 1248 cases of incident colorectal cancer, which developed after enrolment into the cohort, were matched to 1248 controls MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Circulating vitamin D concentration (25-hydroxy-vitamin-D, 25-(OH)D) was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Dietary and lifestyle data were obtained from questionnaires. Incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of colorectal cancer by 25-(OH)D concentration and levels of dietary calcium and vitamin D intake were estimated from multivariate conditional logistic regression models, with adjustment for potential dietary and other confounders. RESULTS: 25-(OH)D concentration showed a strong inverse linear dose-response association with risk of colorectal cancer (P for trend or=100.0 nmol/l: 0.77 (0.56 to 1.06)). In analyses by quintile of 25-(OH)D concentration, patients in the highest quintile had a 40% lower risk of colorectal cancer than did those in the lowest quintile (P

Published
2010

13. Bulky DNA adducts, 4-aminobiphenyl-haemoglobin adducts and diet in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) prospective study

Author

Carmen Martinez, Petra H.M. Peeters, Merethe Kumle, Paolo Vineis, Armelle Munnia, Seymour Garte, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Emmanuelle Gormally, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Antonio Agudo, Giuseppe Matullo, Bengt Järvholm, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, José Ramón Quirós, Göran Berglund, Marco Peluso, Alison M. Dunning, Rosario Tumino, Alessandro Colombi, Salvatore Panico, Timothy J. Key, Luisa Airoldi, Elio Riboli, S Bingham, Fabrizio Veglia, Rudolf Kaaks, Antonia Trichopoulou, Aurelio Barricarte, Vittorio Krogh, Christian Malaveille, Nicholas E. Day, Kim Overvad, Rodolfo Saracci, Herman Autrup, María José Tormo, Domenico Palli, J. Linseisen, Heiner Boeing, Miren Dorronsoro, Faculteit Medische Wetenschappen/UMCG, Peluso, M, Airoldi, L, Munnia, A, Colombi, A, Veglia, F, Autrup, H, Dunning, A, Garte, S, Gormally, E, Malaveille, C, Matullo, G, Overvad, K, Raaschou Nielsen, O, Clavel Chapelon, F, Linseisen, J, Boeing, H, Trichopoulou, A, Palli, D, Krogh, V, Tumino, R, Panico, Salvatore, Bueno De Mesquita, Bh, Peeters, Ph, Kumle, M, Agudo, A, Martinez, C, Dorronsoro, M, Barricarte, A, Tormo, Mj, Quiros, Jr, Berglund, G, Jarvholm, B, Day, Ne, Key, Tj, Saracci, R, Kaaks, R, Riboli, E, Bingham, S, Vineis, P., [Peluso,M, Munnia, A] Cancer Risk Factor Branch, Analytical and Biomolecular Cytology Unit, CSPO-Scientific Institute of Tuscany, Florence, Italy. [Airoldi,L, Colombi,A] Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. [Veglia, F, Matullo,G] ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy. [Autrup,H] Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark. [Dunning, A] Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. [Garte,S] Genetics Research Institute, Milan, Italy. [Gormally,E, Malaveille,C] International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France. [Overhad,K] Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aalborg Hospital, Aarhus University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark. [Raaschou-Nielsen,O] Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Clavel-Chapelon,F] INSERM (Institut National de la Sante´ et de la Recherche Me´dicale), ERI 20, EA 4045, and Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France. [Linseisen,J] Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, German. [Boeing,H] German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbu¨cke, Germany. [Trichopoulou,A] Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece. [Palli,D] Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO-Scientific Institute of Cancer Prevention Tuscany Region, Florence, Italy. [Krogh,V] Department of Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy. [Tumino,R] Cancer Registry, Azienda Ospedaliera ‘Civile MP Arezzo’, Ragusa, Ital. [Panico,S] Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Universita` Federico II, Naples, Italy. [Bueno-De-Mesquita,BH] Centre for Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherland. [Peeters,PH] Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands. [Kumle,M] Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway. [Agudo,A] Department of Epidemiology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain. [Martinez,C] Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain. [Dorronsoro,M] Department of Public Health of Guipuzkoa, San Sebastian, Spain. [Barricarte,A] Public Health Institute, Navarra, Spain. [Tormo,MJ] Epidemiology Department, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain. Quiros, JR] Direccio´n General de Salud Pu´blica, Consejerı´a de Salud y Servicios Sanitarios Asturias, Oviedo, Spain. [Berglund,G] Malmo¨ Diet and Cancer Study, Lund University, Malmo¨, Sweden. [Jarvholm,G] Department of Nutritional Research, University of Umea˚, Umea˚ , Sweden. [Day,ND, Bingham,S] MRC Dunn Human Nutrition Unit, Cambridge University, UK. [Key,TJ].Cancer Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [Saracci,R] IFC National Research Council, Pisa, Italy. [Kaas,R] Division of Epidemiology, DKFZ Heidelberg, Germany. [Riboli,E] Imperial College London, London, UK. [Vineis,P] University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK, This paper was made possible by a grant of the European Community (5th Framework Programme) to P. V. (grant QLK4–CT–1999–00 927) and a grant of the Compagnia di San Paolo to the ISI Foundation. All authors are independent from funders. Mortality data for the Netherlands were obtained from Statistics Netherlands. Also, the work described in the paper was carried out with the financial support of: Europe Against Cancer Program of the European Commission (SANCO), ISCIII, Red de Centros RCESP, C03/09, Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Danish Cancer Society, Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, Spanish Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, UK, Stroke Association, UK, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, UK, Food Standards Agency, UK, Wellcome Trust, UK, Greek Ministry of Health, Greek Ministry of Education, Italian Association for Research on Cancer (AIRC), Italian National Research Council, Dutch Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sports, World Cancer Research Fund, Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Government of Ska°ne, Sweden, Norwegian Cancer Society, and Research Council of Norway.

Subjects
Dietary Fiber, Male, Aflatoxin, Erythrocytes, Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Blood Proteins::Hemoglobins [Medical Subject Headings], medicine.medical_treatment, air pollution, RESISTANT STARCH, Medicine (miscellaneous), GUIDELINES, Carcinógenos, Body Mass Index, COLORECTAL-CANCER, Food group, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hemoglobins, Vegetables, Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Toxic Actions::Environmental Pollutants::Air Pollutants [Medical Subject Headings], Leukocytes, Aductos de ADN, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Food science, Prospective Studies, RISK, DNA adducts, Haemoglobin adducts, Non-smokers, Fibre intake, Air pollution, Publication Characteristics::Study Characteristics::Multicenter Study [Medical Subject Headings], Air Pollutants, Nutrition and Dietetics, Chemistry, Technology, Industry, Agriculture::Food and Beverages::Food::Dietary Fiber [Medical Subject Headings], Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Toxic Actions::Noxae::Carcinogens [Medical Subject Headings], COLON-CANCER, Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::DNA Damage::DNA Adducts [Medical Subject Headings], Fabaceae, Middle Aged, fibre intake, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Europe, Biochemistry, 4-Aminobiphenyl, Colonic Neoplasms, Hemoglobinas, Female, SMOKERS, Alcohol Drinking, BLADDER-CANCER, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), haemoglobin adducts, non-smokers, RATS, POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS, Ozone, LUNG-CANCER, DNA adduct, medicine, Humans, Contaminantes del aire, ddc:610, Carcinogen, Aged, Estudio multicéntrico, Vitamin E, Fruit, Multivariate Analysis, Fibras en la dieta, Carcinogens, Biomarkers, Food contaminant
Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Feb-14 In contrast to some extensively examined food mutagens, for example, aflatoxins, N-nitrosamines and heterocyclic amines, some other food contaminants, in particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and other aromatic compounds, have received less attention. Therefore, exploring the relationships between dietary habits and the levels of biomarkers related to exposure to aromatic compounds is highly relevant. We have investigated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort the association between dietary items (food groups and nutrients) and aromatic DNA adducts and 4-aminobiphenyl-Hb adducts. Both types of adducts are biomarkers of carcinogen exposure and possibly of cancer risk, and were measured, respectively, in leucocytes and erythrocytes of 1086 (DNA adducts) and 190 (Hb adducts) non-smokers. An inverse, statistically significant, association has been found between DNA adduct levels and dietary fibre intake (P = 0.02), vitamin E (P = 0.04) and alcohol (P = 0.03) but not with other nutrients or food groups. Also, an inverse association between fibre and fruit intake, and BMI and 4-aminobiphenyl-Hb adducts (P = 0.03, 0.04, and 0.03 respectively) was observed. After multivariate regression analysis these inverse correlations remained statistically significant, except for the correlation adducts v. fruit intake. The present study suggests that fibre intake in the usual range can modify the level of DNA or Hb aromatic adducts, but such role seems to be quantitatively modest. Fibres could reduce the formation of DNA adducts in different manners, by diluting potential food mutagens and carcinogens in the gastrointestinal tract, by speeding their transit through the colon and by binding carcinogenic substances.

Published
2008

14. The development of species-specific real-time pcr assays for the detection of pheasant and quail in food

Author

Joy Brown, Heather Hird, James Chisholm, Ana Sánchez, Food Standards Agency (UK), and Xunta de Galicia

Subjects
biology, Pcr assay, food and beverages, biology.organism_classification, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Pheasant, Molecular biology, Quail, Analytical Chemistry, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, biology.animal, Food products, Coturnix coturnix, Mitochondrial cytochrome, Food science, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Safety Research, Phasianus, Food Science
Abstract

5 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, The development of species-specific real-time PCR assays for the detection of pheasant and quail in commercial food products are reported. Real-time PCR primer and probe sets were designed to detect the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and quail (Coturnix coturnix) and were optimized to achieve species specificity. The efficiency and sensitivity of the assays were determined and their applicability to the analysis of commercial samples assessed. The assays successfully detected pheasant and quail in complex food matrices of raw, oven-cooked, and autoclaved meat, demonstrating their suitability for use in enforcement and food control laboratories, This study was funded under the Food Authenticity Programme of the Food Standards Agency of the United Kingdom. Ana Sánchez was a CSIC postgraduate I3P fellow (cofinanced by the European Social Fund) and Xunta de Galicia of Spain

Published
2008

15. Trends in self-reported past alcoholic beverage consumption and ethanol intake from 1950 to 1995 observed in eight European countries participating in the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Author

J. Linseisen, Françoise Clavel-Chapelon, Calogero Saieva, Heiner Boeing, Magritt Brustad, Aurelio Barricarte, Fabrizio Veglia, Matthias B. Schulze, P. H. M. Peeters, Nadia Slimani, C. Martínez Garcia, Göran Berglund, Ulrich Keil, Elio Riboli, Merethe Kumle, A. Papadimitrou, Kim Overvad, Pagona Lagiou, H. B. Bueno-De-Mesquita, Naomi E. Allen, Lars Weinehall, Kerstin Klipstein-Grobusch, Anne Tjønneland, Pietro Ferrari, Angela A. Mulligan, Vittorio Krogh, Anne C. M. Thiébaut, [Klipstein-Grobusch,K, Boeing,H, Schulze,MB] Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany. [Slimani,N, Ferrari,P, Riboli,E] Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, International Agency for Cancer Research, Lyon, France. [Krogh,V] Epidemiology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Milan, Italy. [Keil,U] Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, German. [Overvad,K] Department of Epidemiology, University of Aarhus, Denmark. [Tjønneland,A] Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Clavel-Chapelon,F, Thiébaut,A] INSERM, E3N–EPIC Group, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. [Linseisen,J] Department of Clinical Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Centre, Heidelberg, Germany. [Lagiou,P, Papadimitrou,A] Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Greece. [Saieva,C] Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, CSPO, Scientific Institute of Tuscany, Florence, Italy. [Veglia,F] Institute for Scientific Interchange Foundation, Turin, Italy. [Bueno-de-Mesquita,HB] Department for Chronic Disease Epidemiology, National Institute for Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. [Peeters,PHM] Julius Center for General Practice and Patient Oriented Research, University of Utrecht, The Netherland. [Kumle,M, Brustad,M] Institute of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway. [Martínez García,C] Andalusian School of Public Health, Granada, Spain. [Barricarte,A] Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Public Health of Navarra, Spain. [Berglund,G] Department of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. [Weinehal,G] Epidemiology, Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Sweden. [Mulligan,A] Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK. [Allen,N] Cancer Research UK, Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, UK., The work described in this paper was carried out with financial support of the ‘Europe Against Cancer’ Programme of the European Commission (SANCO), Ligue contre le Cancer (France), Société 3M (France), Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute Gustave Roussy, German Cancer Aid, German Cancer Research Centre, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Danish Cancer Society, Health Research Fund (FIS) of the Spanish Ministry of Health, the Spanish Regional Governments of Andalucia, Asturias, Basque Country, Murcia and Navarra, Cancer Research UK, Medical Research Council, UK, Stroke Association, UK, British Heart Foundation, Department of Health, UK, Food Standards Agency, UK, Wellcome Trust, UK, Greek Ministry of Health, Greek Ministry of Education, Italian Association for Research on Cancer, Italian National Research Council, Dutch Ministry of Public Health,Welfare and Sports, Dutch Prevention Funds, LK Research Funds, Dutch ZON (Zorg Onderzoek Nederland), World Cancer Research Fund, Swedish Cancer Society, Swedish Scientific Council, Regional Government of Skane, Sweden, Norwegian Cancer Society, and Norwegian Research Council. Partial support for the publication of this supplement was provided by the Centre de Recherche et d’Information Nutritionnelles (CERIN).

Subjects
Male, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Case-Control Studies::Retrospective Studies [Medical Subject Headings], Medicine (miscellaneous), Wine, Distribución por Edad, Estudios Retrospectivos, EPIC, Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas, Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans [Medical Subject Headings], Recuerdo Mental, Technology, Industry, Agriculture::Food and Beverages::Beverages::Alcoholic Beverages::Beer [Medical Subject Headings], Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Health Surveys::Population Surveillance [Medical Subject Headings], Medicine, Masculino, 24-Hour dietary recall, Nutrition and Dietetics, Adulto, Femenino, Vino, Beer, Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe [Medical Subject Headings], Time trends, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition, Humanos, Europe, Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cross-Sectional Studies [Medical Subject Headings], Disciplines and Occupations::Social Sciences::Demography::Sex Distribution [Medical Subject Headings], Population Surveillance, Cerveza, Female, Distribución por Sexo, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Estudios Transversales, Check Tags::Male [Medical Subject Headings], Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Learning::Memory::Mental Recall [Medical Subject Headings], Spirits, Age Distribution, Environmental health, Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult [Medical Subject Headings], Humans, Europa (Continente), ddc:610, Disciplines and Occupations::Social Sciences::Demography::Age Distribution [Medical Subject Headings], Sex Distribution, Retrospective Studies, Consumption (economics), Ethanol, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Alcoholic beverage consumption, Vigilancia de la Población, Technology, Industry, Agriculture::Food and Beverages::Beverages::Alcoholic Beverages::Wine [Medical Subject Headings], EPIC study, Cross-Sectional Studies, Check Tags::Female [Medical Subject Headings], Mental Recall, Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Drinking Behavior::Alcohol Drinking [Medical Subject Headings], Alcoholic beverages, Ethanol intake, business, Cross-sectional analyses
Abstract

Objective:To describe the trends of self-reported past consumption of alcoholic beverages and ethanol intake from 1950 to 1995 within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).Design:Data on consumption of beer/cider, wine and liqueur/spirits were obtained retrospectively at age 20, 30 and 40 years to calculate average consumption and ethanol intake for the time periods 1950–1975 (at age 20), 1960–1985 (at age 30) and 1970–1995 (at age 40). Regression analysis was conducted with the time period data to assess trends in past alcoholic beverage consumption and ethanol intake with time.Setting:The EPIC project.Subjects:In total, 392 064 EPIC participants (275 249 women and 116 815 men) from 21 study centres in eight European countries.Results:Generally, increases in beer/cider consumption were observed for most EPIC centres for 1950–1975, 1960–1985 and 1970–1995. Trends in wine consumption differed according to geographical location: downward trends with time were observed for men in southern European EPIC centres, upward trends for those in middle/northern European study centres. For women, similar but less pronounced trends were observed. Because wine consumption was the major contributor to ethanol intake for both men and women in most study centres, time trends for ethanol intake showed a similar geographical pattern to that of wine consumption.Conclusion:The different trends in alcoholic beverage consumption and ethanol intake suggest that information depicting lifetime history of ethanol intake should be included in analyses of the relationship between ethanol and chronic diseases, particularly in multi-centre studies such as EPIC.

Published
2002

16. Understanding people.

Author

Patel M

Abstract

In democratic societies moving towards increased participation, it is more important than ever that the values, thoughts, understanding, attitudes and behaviours of the communities and public that we serve are properly and proportionately included in the evidence base for decision-making around risk, particularly when it comes to food. Not to do so undermines our trustworthiness and our licence to operate as regulators and is likely to compromise the quality and effectiveness of our communication. Moreover, each risk has its own characteristics that will affect how it is perceived and how it should be managed. This article sets out some of the ways that social research strategies, usually harnessing the direct input of citizens, contribute to the evidence base used for risk analysis and includes some practical examples of methods that have been used by the Food Standards Agency in England, Wales and Northern Ireland., (© 2019 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.)

Published
2019
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17. Prospective use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) detected a multi-country outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis.

Author

Inns T, Ashton PM, Herrera-Leon S, Lighthill J, Foulkes S, Jombart T, Rehman Y, Fox A, Dallman T, DE Pinna E, Browning L, Coia JE, Edeghere O, and Vivancos R

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Chickens, Child, Child, Preschool, Cluster Analysis, Eggs microbiology, Female, Foodborne Diseases microbiology, Humans, Infant, Male, Meat microbiology, Middle Aged, Molecular Epidemiology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Salmonella Infections microbiology, Salmonella enteritidis isolation & purification, Spain epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, United Kingdom epidemiology, Young Adult, Disease Outbreaks, Foodborne Diseases epidemiology, Genome, Bacterial, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Salmonella Infections epidemiology, Salmonella enteritidis classification, Salmonella enteritidis genetics
Abstract

Since April 2015, whole genome sequencing (WGS) has been the routine test for Salmonella identification, surveillance and outbreak investigation at the national reference laboratory in England and Wales. In May 2015, an outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis cases was detected using WGS data and investigated. UK cases were interviewed to obtain a food history and links between suppliers were mapped to produce a food chain network for chicken eggs. The association between the food chain network and the phylogeny was explored using a network comparison approach. Food and environmental samples were taken from premises linked to cases and tested for Salmonella. Within the outbreak single nucleotide polymorphism defined cluster, 136 cases were identified in the UK and 18 in Spain. One isolate from a food containing chicken eggs was within the outbreak cluster. There was a significant association between the chicken egg food chain of UK cases and phylogeny of outbreak isolates. This is the first published Salmonella outbreak to be prospectively detected using WGS. This outbreak in the UK was linked with contemporaneous cases in Spain by WGS. We conclude that UK and Spanish cases were exposed to a common source of Salmonella-contaminated chicken eggs.

Published
2017
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18. Prioritisation of allergenic foods with respect to public health relevance: Report from an ILSI Europe Food Allergy Task Force Expert Group.

Author

Houben G, Burney P, Chan CH, Crevel R, Dubois A, Faludi R, Klein Entink R, Knulst A, Taylor S, and Ronsmans S

Subjects
Europe, Humans, Risk Assessment, Allergens toxicity, Food Hypersensitivity, Public Health Practice
Abstract

Regulators and risk managers in general need to decide whether an allergenic food or ingredient is of such public health importance that it needs to be actively managed. There is therefore a need to scale the relative allergenicity of foods and ingredients according to the hazards they pose. Objective criteria increase transparency and trust in this decision-making process and its conclusions. This paper proposes a framework that allows categorisation and prioritisation of allergenic foods according to their public health importance. The challenge is to find a basis on which the allergenicity of foods can best be described and a method to combine the relevant measures of allergenicity into a scoring system that prioritises allergenic foods on the basis of their public health relevance. The framework is designed in accordance with the generic risk analysis principles used in food safety and can be used by regulators to decide whether or not a specific allergenic food or ingredient is of sufficient public health importance that it warrants regulation (i.e. mandatory labelling) when used in the production of food products., (Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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19. Application of the margin of exposure (MoE) approach to substances in food that are genotoxic and carcinogenic: example: aflatoxin B1 (AFB1).

Author

Benford D, Leblanc JC, and Setzer RW

Subjects
Animals, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Diet, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Statistical, Neoplasms chemically induced, Neoplasms epidemiology, Rats, Aflatoxin B1 toxicity, Carcinogens toxicity, Food Contamination analysis, Mutagens toxicity
Abstract

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) has been consistently shown to be a potent mutagen and is a liver carcinogen in humans and a wide range of animal species. The Fisher rat appears to be the most sensitive animal model. Dose-response modelling results in a BMDL(10) of 250 ng/kg-bw/d. Estimates of mean dietary exposure estimates were 0.4 ng/kg-bw/d and 2.6 ng/kg-bw/d, representing regions with low and high exposure, respectively. The MOEs for mean exposure therefore range from 100 to 600., (Crown Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2010
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20. Application of the margin-of-exposure (MoE) approach to substances in food that are genotoxic and carcinogenic e.g.: benzo[a]pyrene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Author

Benford D, Dinovi M, and Setzer RW

Subjects
Animals, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Diet, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Models, Statistical, Neoplasms chemically induced, Neoplasms epidemiology, Rats, Benzo(a)pyrene toxicity, Carcinogens toxicity, Food Contamination analysis, Mutagens toxicity, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons toxicity
Abstract

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and a number of other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are mutagenic and are also carcinogenic in rodent bioassays. Oral carcinogenicity data are not available for individual PAH other than BaP, and so BaP has been used as a marker of the carcinogenicity of, and exposure to, PAHs. Carcinogenicity studies of coal tar mixtures, considered to be representative of the genotoxic and carcinogenic PAH in food, have been used for dose-response modelling. Modelling the number of tumour-bearing mice resulted in a BMDL(10) of 0.122 mg BaP/kg-bw/day, which was lower than that for any of the individual tumours and was considered to be most appropriate since the different PAH may have different mechanisms of carcinogenicity. An average dietary exposure estimates of 0.008 microg BaP/kg-bw/day was identified from the range of national estimates. The calculated MoE was 15,000., (Crown Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2010
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