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This paper presents polarization loss and imprint in bilayer ferroelectric tunnel junctions as a function of relaxation time (< 1 s) and after different SET/RESET pulses. Measurements were performed on Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 /Al 2 O 3 stack at room temperature and systematically compared to reference samples without Al 2 O 3. The experimental results were interpreted using self-consistent simulations coupling the polarization dynamic with charge trapping at the FE/DE interface. From this, mechanisms playing on short-term retention and imprint were explained dynamically. Amount of trapped charge modulated by amplitude and duration of SET/RESET pulses was presented as a root cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe the outcome and complications associated with the use of caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flaps in dogs and cats. Material and Methods: Multicentre retrospective review and descriptive study of clinical records of dogs and cats having undergone caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flaps between 2007 and 2020. Data retrieved included signalment, aetiology of surgical defect, tumour type, presence/absence of clean surgical margins, presence/absence of post‐operative wound infection, use of peri‐ and post‐operative antibiotics, duration of anaesthesia, duration of surgery, presence and duration of hypothermia, presence and duration of hypotension, presence/absence of post‐operative surgical drain and length of caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flap. The incidence of complications and outcomes were documented. Results: Seventy cases met the inclusion criteria; 51 dogs and 19 cats. In dogs, 67% of cases developed complications (59% minor, 8% major) and 33% had uneventful wound healing. In cats, 53% of cases developed complications, (47% minor, 5% major) and 47% had uneventful wound healing. In dogs, the percentage of cases experiencing dehiscence, necrosis, seroma, oedema and post‐operative infection was 31%, 29%, 26%, 26% and 16% respectively. In cats, this was 26%, 16%, 11%, 0% and 5% respectively. A good overall outcome was seen in 77% of dogs and 79% of cats. A poor overall outcome was seen in 4% of dogs and 0% of cats. Clinical Significance: Caudal superficial epigastric axial pattern flaps are traditionally thought more robust than other flaps, yet complication rates remain high, despite a high overall success rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the experience of Italian nurses posted on social media and discover changes, if any, over the waves., Methods: A mixed methods study reported according to the Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study criteria. All narratives (texts, letters and interviews) posted by Italian nurses from February 2020 to May 2020 (first wave) and from October 2020 to May 2021 (second/third wave) on the five most famous Italian professional social media platforms. The data were analysed qualitatively (first wave) and then quantitatively (second/third wave)., Results: A total of 380 narratives (202,626 words, 2510 quotes) were posted in the first wave, and 161 (68,388 words, 835 quotes) in the second/third wave. In the first wave, the following five themes emerged: (a) 'sharing what is happening within myself' (891; 35.5%); (b) 'experiencing unprecedented working conditions' (749; 29.8%); (c) 'failing to rehabilitate the image of nurses in society' (376; 15%); (d) 'experiencing a deep change' (253; 10.1%) and (e) 'do not abandon us' (241; 9.6%). The same themes and subthemes also emerged in the second/third wave with some significant differences, indicating changes in the lived experience of nurses. Moreover, in the second/third wave, a new theme emerged: 'experiencing the mixed emotions towards jabs'., Conclusions: By analysing their posts, Italian nurses continue to face challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, with changes in their lived experiences across the waves. Governments, nursing associations and health care organizations should consider these changes to design policies to prevent the further loss of nurses., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

The negative capacitance (NC) operation of ferroelectric materials has been originally proposed based on a homogeneous Landau theory, leading to a simple NC stabilization condition expressed in terms of macroscopic quantities. A multi-domain theory, however, has pointed out the importance of microscopic parameters, such as the domain wall energy coupling constant, and it helped explain the somewhat contradicting experiments for ferroelectric capacitors with or without a metal interlayer. In this work we use comprehensive numerical simulations and simplified equations to correlate the macroscopic features of the NC operation to the underlying microscopic picture. We show that, while the domain wall coupling constant plays a critical role in a quasi static operation, the transient NC operation is less sensitive to this parameter. In particular, ferroelectric capacitors with a very small coupling constant can still display a robust transient NC behavior, closely tracking the 'S'-shaped polarization versus field curve and with negligible hysteresis. Our results have been developed in the framework of a systematic comparison between simulations and experiments, and they provide both a better understanding of the NC operation and a sound basis for the design of future NC based devices.

Aim: To investigate the experience of Italian nurses during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak by analysing professional social media posts., Background: The COVID-19 outbreak has overwhelmed health care institutions; as a consequence, nurses' lives and psycho-physical health have been affected., Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic forced nurses to work in physically and psychologically stressful conditions impacting on their life., Methods: A qualitative descriptive study. All narratives (texts and videos) posted by nurses from the 23 rd of February 2020 to the 3 rd of May (from the start of the outbreak to the end of the first lockdown) were analysed and published on the five most popular Italian professional social media platforms. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative research guidelines were followed., Results: Five themes emerged from the 380 narratives explored: 'Sharing what is happening within myself'; 'Experiencing unprecedented working conditions'; 'Experiencing a deep change'; 'Failing to rehabilitate the image of nurses in society'; and 'Do not abandon us'. Even though nurses appreciated the recognition of their communities, they still felt devalued and not recognized as professionals., Discussion: Several psychological, physical, social and professional implications emerged from nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite being highly praised, nurses perceived they had failed in rehabilitating the image of nurses in society., Conclusion: The experience of working during the COVID-19 pandemic represented a traumatic event for nurses but it offered them personal and professional growth opportunities. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE, NURSING POLICY AND HEALTH POLICY: Supporting nurses' mental health is highly recommended, together with a cultural investment on nurses' role recognition, and a zero-tolerance policy towards violence and aggression towards nurses., (© 2021 International Council of Nurses.)