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8. Tracking Every Drop: Irrigation audits and troubleshooting for success

Author

Segars, Chrissie A. and Fontanier, Charles

Subjects
Agricultural industry, Business, Sports, sporting goods and toys industry
Abstract

Whether it is your first day on the job or you are a seasoned veteran, knowing your irrigation system is vital for successful management of your sports fields. Each field [...]

Published
2020

16. Implications for combined shade and drought stress on bermudagrass turf

Author

Fontanier, Charles

Subjects
Agricultural industry, Business, Sports, sporting goods and toys industry
Abstract

An estimated 25% of the turfgrass is grown under shade. Bermudagrass performs poorly in shade in compared to other warm-season species, although there is some variation among the bermudagrass cultivars [...]

Published
2018

29. Genetic and QTL mapping in African bermudagrass

Author

Yu, Shuhao, primary, Fang, Tilin, additional, Dong, Hongxu, additional, Yan, Liuling, additional, Martin, Dennis L., additional, Moss, Justin Q., additional, Fontanier, Charles H., additional, and Wu, Yanqi, additional

Published
2021
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30. Evaluation of Sedges and Nimble will as Low input, Shaded Lawns in Oklahoma, USA.

Author

Shokoya, Godwin, Fontanier, Charles, Martin, Dennis L., and Dunn, Bruce L.

Subjects
TURFGRASSES, BERMUDA grass, NATIVE plants, LAWNS, PLANT drying, CAREX, SPECIES
Abstract

Consumers desire low-input turfgrasses that have tolerance to both shade and drought stresses. Several sedges (Carex sp.) and nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi) are native plants prevalent in dry woodland ecosystems in Oklahoma, USA, and may have potential as alternatives to conventional species in dry shaded turfgrass systems. To evaluate selected species for this purpose, a multilocation field trial was conducted in Stillwater and Perkins, OK. Four sedges [gray sedge (Carex amphibola), Leavenworth’s sedge (Carex leavenworthii), ‘Little Midge’ palm sedge (Carex muskingumensis), and Texas sedge (Carex texensis)] and nimblewill were evaluated as alternative turfs for the study. Alternative turfs were compared against two conventional turfgrasses [‘El Toro’ Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica) and ‘Riley’s Super Sport’ bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon)]. The conventional turfgrasses outperformed each sedge and nimblewill in coverage and turf quality. Leavenworth’s sedge, gray sedge, and Texas sedge persisted well but did not spread quickly enough to achieve a dense canopy by the end of the 2-year trial. In contrast, nimblewill established quickly but declined in coverage over time. This study demonstrated some sedges and nimblewill can be established and maintained as a low-input turf in dry shade, but development of unique management practices is still required for acceptable performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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37. Nitrogen forms in runoff export from St. Augustinegrass.

Author

Fontanier, Charles H., Aitkenhead-Peterson, Jacqueline A., Wherley, Benjamin G., Ojeda, Nadezda, White, Richard H., Thomas, James C., and Dwyer, Phil

Abstract

Nitrogen exports from landscapes can contribute to the eutrophication of surface waters. The most common form of N studied in prior runoff research has been nitrate, although ammoniacal and organic forms of N are also considered important causes of eutrophication. The relative abundance of each N form in runoff from turfgrasses has not been widely reported. The objective of this study was to quantify dissolved inorganic N (DIN) and dissolved organic N (DON) exports in runoff from St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] turf over a 2-yr period in College Station, TX. Treatments were arranged as a randomized complete block design having eight combinations of irrigation (100, 75, or 50% of estimated turfgrass water requirements) and fertility level (0, 88, and 176 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Runoff from 31 rainfall events and one excess irrigation event were used to estimate annual and seasonal DIN and DON exports. Nitrate-N concentration was typically below 5 mg L-1, but peaks in excess of 20 mg L-1 were measured during late winter in one year. Aside from this atypical peak, the largest portion of total dissolved N (TDN) was DON, whereas NH4-N was typically the smallest portion. Increasing fertilizer rates typically amplified each form of N in runoff, but NO3-N was the most responsive to N rate, with corresponding reductions in the DON/TDN ratio and increases in the nitrate/ammonium ratio. Nitrate-N may be the best indicator for fate of anthropogenic N inputs, but studies focusing only on NO3-N are likely underreporting N exports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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38. Effective rainfall estimates for St. Augustinegrass lawns under varying irrigation programs.

Author

Fontanier, Charles H., Aitkenhead-Peterson, Jacqueline A., Wherley, Benjamin G., White, Richard H., and Thomas, James C.

Abstract

Prediction of effective rainfall, rainfall which contributes to the plant available water content, for lawns remains a challenge despite its critical role in accurately estimating a soil water balance and irrigation water requirement. The objective of this research was to validate simple runoff models for estimating effective rainfall on St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze 'Raleigh'] turf managed under varying irrigation strategies. A field experiment was conducted at Texas A&M Urban Landscape Runoff Facility in College Station, TX, USA. Effective rainfall during the irrigation season was approximately 16% of measured rainfall but varied with rainfall depth and irrigation management. Methods which accounted for initial abstraction and subsequent rainfall independently were more accurate than simple coefficient models which only accounted for runoff as a percentage of daily rainfall depth. In general, St. Augustinegrass lawns can abstract 12.5 mm of water before rainfall becomes ineffective (runs off). These findings suggest accurate estimates of effective rainfall can be achieved using readily-available methods such as the SCS Curve Number model with adjustments for irrigation management strategy. Implementing more accurate effective rainfall estimates may reduce irrigation applied without decreasing turf quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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47. Deficit Irrigation and Fertility Effects on NO3-N Exports from St. Augustinegrass.

Author

Fontanier, Charles H., Aitkenhead-Peterson, Jacqueline A., Wherley, Benjamin G., White, Richard H., Thomas, James C., and Dwyer, Phil

Subjects
TURFGRASS irrigation, DEFICIT irrigation, EFFECT of nitrogen fertilizers on plants
Abstract

Proper management of turfgrass systems is critical for reducing the risk of nutrient loss and protecting urban surface waters. In the southern United States, irrigation can be the most significant management practice regulating the biogeochemical and hydrological cycles of turfgrass systems. A turfgrass runoff research facility was used to assess the effects of deficit irrigation and fertilizer applications on turfgrass canopy cover and nitrate-N (NO3-N) exports in runoff from St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze] turf over a 2-yr period. Treatments were arranged as a randomized complete block design having eight combinations of irrigation (100, 75, or 50% of estimated turfgrass water requirements) and fertility level (0, 88, and 176 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Runoff from 31 rainfall events and one irrigation excess event were used to estimate annual and seasonal NO3-N exports. The majority of annual NO3-N exports occurred during the late winter and spring. Deficit irrigation reduced summer and early autumn runoff volumes. Lower summer and autumn runoff volumes (from deficit irrigation) coincided with reduced NO3-N exports from runoff during Year 1. Deficit irrigation combined with fertilizer applications increased runoff [NO3-N] in Year 2, suggesting that the previous year's export reduction contributed to higher N accumulation in the system and thus a higher N loss potential. These findings suggest that deficit irrigation can be a tool for reducing seasonal nutrient exports from St. Augustinegrass lawns so long as fertilizer inputs are moderate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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