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8. Non-albuminuric renal impairment is a strong predictor of mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian multicentre study

Author

Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Lamacchia, Olga, Scardapane, Marco, Nicolucci, Antonio, Pugliese, Giuseppe, and for the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Study Group

Published
2018
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9. Effects on the incidence of cardiovascular events of the addition of pioglitazone versus sulfonylureas in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin (TOSCA.IT): a randomised, multicentre trial

Author

Vaccaro, Olga, Masulli, Maria, Nicolucci, Antonio, Maggioni, Aldo Pietro, Sesti, Giorgio, Mocarelli, Paolo, Lucisano, Giuseppe, Sacco, Michele, Signorini, Stefano, Cappellini, Fabrizio, Riccardi, Gabriele, Boemi, Massimo, D'Angelo, Federica, Giansanti, Roberto, Tanase, Laura, Lanari, Luigi, Testa, Ivano, Ricci, Lucia, Pancani, Francesca, Ranchelli, Anna, Vagheggi, Paolo, Scatona, Alessia, Fontana, Lucia, Giorgino, Francesco, Laviola, Luigi, Tarantino, Lucia, Ippolito, Claudia, Gigantelli, Vittoria, Manicone, Mariangela, Conte, Eleonora, Trevisan, Roberto, Scaranna, Cristiana, Rota, Rossella, Corsi, Anna, Dodesini, Alessandro R., Reggiani, Giulio Marchesini, Montesi, Luca, Mazzella, Natalia, Forlani, Gabriele, Caselli, Chiara, Di Luzio, Raffaella, Mazzotti, Arianna, Aiello, Antimo, Barrea, Angelina, Musto, Antonio, D'Amico, Fiorentina, Squatrito, Sebastiano, Sinagra, Tiziana, Longhitano, Sara, Trowpea, Vanessa, Sparti, Maria, Italia, Salvatore, Lisi, Enrico, Grasso, Giuseppe, Pezzino, Vincenzo, Insalaco, Federica, Gnasso, Agostino, Carallo, Claudio, Scicchitano, Caterina, De Franceschi, Maria Serena, Santini, Costanza, Calbucci, Giovanni, Ripani, Raffaella, Corsi, Laura, Cuneo, Giacomo, Corsi, Simona, Giorda, Carlo B., Romeo, Francesco, Lesina, Annalisa, Comoglio, Marco, Bonetto, Caterina, Robusto, Anna, Nada, Elisa, Asprino, Vincenzo, Cetraro, Rosa, Impieri, Michelina, Lucchese, Giuseppe, Donnarumma, Giovanna, Tizio, Biagio, Clemente, Gennaro, Lenza, Lazzaro, Paraggio, Pia, Tomasi, Franco, Zamboni, Chiara, Dozio, Nicoletta, Scalambra, Egle, Mannucci, Edoardo, Lamanna, Caterina, Cignarelli, Mauro, Macchia, Olga La, Fariello, Stefania, Sorrentino, Maria Rosaria, Franzetti, Ivano, Radin, Raffaella, Cordera, Renzo, Annunziata, Francesca, Bonabello, Laura Affinito, Durante, Arianna, Dolcino, Mara, Gallo, Fiorenza, Mazzucchelli, Chiara, Aleo, Anna, Melga, Pierluigi, Briatore, Lucia, Maggi, Davide, Storace, Daniela, Cecoli, Francesca, Antenucci, Daniela, D'Ugo, Ercole, Pupillo, Mario, Baldassarre, Maria Pompea Antonia, Salvati, Filippo, Minnucci, Anita, De Luca, Angelo, Zugaro, Antonella, Santarelli, Livia, Bosco, Angela, Petrella, Vittorio, La Verghetta, Grazia Giovanna, Iannarelli, Rossella, De Gregorio, Antonella, D'Andrea, Settimio, Giuliani, Anna Elisa, Polidoro, w Lorella, Sperandio, Alessandra, Sciarretta, Filomena, Pezzella, Alfonso, Buzzetti, Raffaella, Carlone, Angela, Potenziani, Stella, Venditti, Chiara, Foffi, Chiara, Carbone, Salvatore, Cipolloni, Laura, Moretti, Chiara, Leto, Gaetano, Serra, Rosalia, Petrachi, Francesca, Romano, Isabella, Di Cianni, Graziano, Lacaria, Emilia, Russo, Laura, Goretti, Chiara, Sannino, Claudia, Gregori, Giovanna, Dolci, Maria, Bruselli, Laura, Mori, Mary L., Baccetti, Fabio, Del Freo, Maria, Di Benedetto, Antonino, Cucinotta, Domenico, Giunta, Loretta, Ruffo, Maria Concetta, Cannizzaro, Desiree, Pintaudi, Basilio, Perrone, Giovanni, Pata, Pietro, Ragonese, Francesco, Lettina, Gabriele, Mancuso, Teresa, Coppolino, Aldo, Piatti, Pier Marco, Monti, Lucilla, Stuccillo, Michela, Lucotti, Pietro, Setola, Manuela, Crippa, Giulia Valentina, Loi, Cinzia, Oldani, Matteo, Bottalico, Maria Luisa, Pellegata, Beatrice, Bonomo, Matteo, Menicatti, Laura Silvia Maria, Resi, Veronica, Bertuzzi, Federico, Disoteo, Eugenia Olga, Pizzi, Gianluigi, Rivellese, Angela Albarosa, Annuzzi, Giovanni, Capaldo, Brunella, Nappo, Rossella, Auciello, Stefania Michela, Turco, Anna Amelia, Costagliola, Lucia, Iovine, Ciro, Corte, Giuseppina Della, Vallefuoco, Pasquale, Nappi, Francesca, Vitale, Marilena, Cocozza, Sara, Ciano, Ornella, Massimino, Elena, Garofalo, Nadia, Avogaro, Angelo, Vedovato, Monica, Guarneri, Gabriella, Lapolla, Annunziata, Fedele, Domenico, Sartore, Giovanni, Chilelli, Nino Cristiano, Burlina, Silvia, Bonsembiante, Barbara, Giordano, Carla, Galluzzo, Aldo, Torregrossa, Vittoria, Dall'Aglio, Elisabetta, Mancastroppa, Giovanni, Arsenio, Leone, Cioni, Federico, Caronna, Silvana, Papi, Matteo, Babini, Massimiliano, Perriello, Gabriele, Santeusanio, Fausto, Calagreti, Gioia, Timi, Alessia, Tantucci, Alice, Marino, Cecilia, Consoli, Agostino, Ginestra, Federica, Di Biagio, Rosamaria, Taraborelli, Merilda, Del Prato, Stefano, Miccoli, Roberto, Bianchi, Cristina, Garofolo, Monia, Politi, Konstantina Savina, Penno, Giuseppe, Zavaroni, Donatella, Livraga, Stefania, Calzoni, Fabio, Mancastroppa, Giovanni Luigi Francesco, Anichini, Roberto, Corsini, Elisa, Tedeschi, Anna, Gaglianò, Maria Sole, Ippolito, Giulio, Salutini, Elisabetta, Citro, Giuseppe, Cervellino, Francesco, Natale, Maria, Salvatore, Vita, Zampino, Armando, Sinisi, Rosa, Calabrese, Maria, Arcangeli, Adolfo, Zogheri, Alessia, Guizzotti, Sandra, Longo, Rossella, Di Bartolo, Paolo, Pellicano, Francesca, Scolozzi, Patrizia, Termine, Simona, Luberto, Alessandra, Ballardini, Giorgio, Babini, Anna Carla, Trojani, Cristina, Mazzuca, Paolo, Bruglia, Matteo, Ciamei, Monica, Genghini, Silvia, Zannoni, Chiara, Pugliese, Giuseppe, Vitale, Martina, Rangel, Graziela, Salvi, Laura, Zappaterreno, Alessandra, Cordone, Samantha, Simonelli, Paola, Meggiorini, Marilla, Frasheri, Aurora, Di Pippo, Clelia, Maglio, Cristina, Mazzitelli, Giulia, Lauro, Davide, Rinaldi, Maria Elena, Galli, Angelica, Romano, Maria, D'Angelo, Paola, Leotta, Sergio, Suraci, Concetta, De Cosmo, Salvatore, Bacci, Simonetta, Palena, Antonio Pio, Genovese, Stefano, Mancino, Monica, Rondinelli, Maurizio, Capone, Filippo, Calabretto, Elisabetta, Bulgheroni, Monica, Bucciarelli, Loredana, Dotta, Francesco, Ceccarelli, Elena, Fondelli, Cecilia, Santacroce, Clorinda, Guarino, Elisa, Nigi, Laura, Lalli, Carlo, Di Vizia, Giovanni, Scarponi, Maura, Montani, Valeria, Di Bernardino, Paolo, Romagni, Paola, Dolcetti, Katia, Cannarsa, Emanuela, Forte, Elisa, Tamburo, Lucilla, Fornengo, Paolo, Perin, Paolo Cavallo, Prinzis, Tania, Gruden, Gabriella, Bruno, Graziella, Zucco, Chiara, Perotta, Massimo, Marena, Saverio, Monsignore, Simona, Panero, Francesco, Ponzi, Fulvia, Bossi, Antonio Carlo, Carpinteri, Rita, Casagrande, Maria Linda, Coletti, Maria Francesca, Balini, Annalisa, Filopanti, Marcello, Madaschi, Sara, Pulcina, Anna, Grimaldi, Franco, Tonutti, Laura, Venturini, Giorgio, Agus, Sandra, Pagnutti, Stefania, Guidotti, Francesca, Cavarape, Alessandro, Bonora, Enzo, Cigolini, Massimo, Pichiri, Isabella, Brangani, Corinna, Fainelli, Giulia, Tomasetto, Elena, Zoppini, Giacomo, Galletti, Anna, Perrone, Dominica, Capra, Claudio, Bianchini, Francesca, Ceseri, Martina, Di Nardo, Barbara, Sasso, Elisa, Bartolomei, Barbara, Suliman, Irina, Fabbri, Gianna, Romano, Geremia, Maturo, Nicola, Nunziata, Giuseppe, Capobianco, Giuseppe, De Simone, Giuseppina, Villa, Valeria, Rota, Giuseppe, Pentangelo, Carmine, Carbonara, Ornella, Caiazzo, Gennaro, Cutolo, Michele, Sorrentino, Tommasina, Mastrilli, Valeria, Amelia, Umberto, Masi, Stefano, Corigliano, Gerardo, Gaeta, Iole, Armentano, Vincenzo, Calatola, Pasqualino, Capuano, Gelsomina, Angiulli, Bruno, Auletta, Pasquale, Petraroli, Ettore, Iodice, Cinzia E., Agrusta, Mariano, Maggioni, Aldo P, Rivellese, Angela A, Giorda, Carlo B, La Macchia, Olga, Bossi, Antonio C, and di Bartolo, Paolo

Published
2017
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11. Defining the contribution of chronic kidney disease to all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study

Author

Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Bonora, Enzo, Orsi, Emanuela, Fondelli, Cecilia, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Laviola, Luigi, Nicolucci, Antonio, Pugliese, Giuseppe, and for the Renal Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Study Group

Published
2018
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12. Retinopathy as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes

Author

Orsi, E, Solini, A, Bonora, E, Vitale, M, Garofolo, M, Fondelli, C, Trevisan, R, Vedovato, M, Cavalot, F, Zerbini, G, Nicolucci, A, Pugliese, G, Orsi, Emanuela, Solini, Anna, Bonora, Enzo, Vitale, Martina, Garofolo, Monia, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Nicolucci, Antonio, Pugliese, Giuseppe, Orsi, E, Solini, A, Bonora, E, Vitale, M, Garofolo, M, Fondelli, C, Trevisan, R, Vedovato, M, Cavalot, F, Zerbini, G, Nicolucci, A, Pugliese, G, Orsi, Emanuela, Solini, Anna, Bonora, Enzo, Vitale, Martina, Garofolo, Monia, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Aims: To assess whether the presence and grade of diabetic retinopathy (DR) predict all-cause mortality, independent of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other complications, including diabetes-related kidney disease (DKD) and CVD, in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Prospective cohort study that enroled 15,773 patients in 19 Italian centers in 2006–2008. DR ascertained by fundoscopy, DKD by albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate, and prior CVD by hospital discharge records. All-cause mortality retrieved for 15,656 patients on 31 October 2015. Results: The adjusted risk of death was increased in patients with any DR (hazard ratio, 1.136 [95% confidence interval, 1.054;1.224] P < 0.0001), advanced DR, including severe non-proliferative and proliferative DR and diabetic macula edema (1.213 [1.097;1.340] P < 0.0001), and especially proliferative DR alone (1.381 [1.207;1.580] P < 0.0001), compared with those without DR. The impact of DR was more evident in patients without than in those with DKD or CVD. Mortality risk was increased in participants with DR alone, though much less than in those with DKD or CVD alone and particularly in those with both DR and DKD or CVD. DR grade was related to mortality in individuals without DKD or CVD, whereas it conferred no additional risk to those with albuminuric or nonalbuminuric DKD or established CVD. Conclusions: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the excess mortality risk conferred by DR is relatively small and higher in those without DKD and CVD, suggesting that it may be mediated by the concurrent presence of these complications, even at a subclinical level.

Published
2023

14. Distribution according to the European Society of Cardiology risk categories and associated risk of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study

Author

Orsi, Emanuela, primary, Solini, Anna, additional, Bonora, Enzo, additional, Vitale, Martina, additional, Garofolo, Monia, additional, Fondelli, Cecilia, additional, Trevisan, Roberto, additional, Vedovato, Monica, additional, Cavalot, Franco, additional, Laviola, Luigi, additional, Morano, Susanna, additional, and Pugliese, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2022
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15. Body mass index versus surrogate measures of central adiposity as independent predictors of mortality in type 2 diabetes

Author

Orsi, E, Solini, A, Penno, G, Bonora, E, Fondelli, C, Trevisan, R, Vedovato, M, Cavalot, F, Lamacchia, O, Haxhi, J, Nicolucci, A, Pugliese, G, Orsi, Emanuela, Solini, Anna, Penno, Giuseppe, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Lamacchia, Olga, Haxhi, Jonida, Nicolucci, Antonio, Pugliese, Giuseppe, Orsi, E, Solini, A, Penno, G, Bonora, E, Fondelli, C, Trevisan, R, Vedovato, M, Cavalot, F, Lamacchia, O, Haxhi, J, Nicolucci, A, Pugliese, G, Orsi, Emanuela, Solini, Anna, Penno, Giuseppe, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Lamacchia, Olga, Haxhi, Jonida, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Background: An “obesity paradox” for mortality has been shown in chronic disorders such as diabetes, and attributed to methodological bias, including the use of body mass index (BMI) for obesity definition. This analysis investigated the independent association of BMI versus surrogate measures of central adiposity with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events Italian Multicentre Study is a prospective cohort study that enrolled 15,773 patients in 19 Italian centres in 2006–2008. Exposures were BMI and the surrogate measures of central adiposity waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and A Body Shape Index (ABSI). Vital status was retrieved on 31 October 2015 for 15,656 patients (99.3%), Results: Age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were significantly higher in BMI-based underweight (1.729 [1.193–2.505), P = 0.004), moderately obese (1.214 [1.058–1.392), P = 0.006) and severely obese (1.703 [1.402–2.068), P < 0.0001), lower in overweight (0.842 [0.775–0.915), P < 0.0001) and similar in mildly obese (0.950 [0.864–1.045), P = 0.292), compared to normal-weight individuals. When further adjusting for smoking, physical activity (PA), and comorbidities, risk was lower also in mildly obese versus normal-weight patients. The BMI-mortality relationship did not change after sequentially excluding ever smokers, individuals with comorbidities, and those died within two years from enrollment and when analyzing separately participants below and above the median age. Conversely, a paradox relationship was observed among inactive/moderately inactive, but not moderately/highly active patients. Mortality risk adjusted for age, gender, smoking, PA and comorbidities was significantly higher in the highest tertile of WC (1.279 [1.089–1.501], P = 0.003), WHtR (1.372 [1.165–1.615], P < 0.0001), and ABSI (1.263 [1.067–1.495], P = 0.007) versus the lowest tertile.

Published
2022

16. Risk of all-cause mortality according to the European Society of Cardiology risk categories in individuals with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study

Author

Orsi, E, Solini, A, Bonora, E, Vitale, M, Garofolo, M, Fondelli, C, Trevisan, R, Vedovato, M, Cavalot, F, Laviola, L, Morano, S, Pugliese, G, Orsi, Emanuela, Solini, Anna, Bonora, Enzo, Vitale, Martina, Garofolo, Monia, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Laviola, Luigi, Morano, Susanna, Pugliese, Giuseppe, Orsi, E, Solini, A, Bonora, E, Vitale, M, Garofolo, M, Fondelli, C, Trevisan, R, Vedovato, M, Cavalot, F, Laviola, L, Morano, S, Pugliese, G, Orsi, Emanuela, Solini, Anna, Bonora, Enzo, Vitale, Martina, Garofolo, Monia, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Laviola, Luigi, Morano, Susanna, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Aims: The 2019 and 2021 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) classifications stratified patients with type 2 diabetes into three categories according to the 10-year risk of death from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The very high-risk category included individuals with established ASCVD, target organ damage (TOD), and/or, in the 2019 classification only, ≥ 3 additional ASCVD risk factors. We assessed risk of all-cause mortality according to the two ESC classifications in the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events cohort. Methods: Participants (n = 15,773) were stratified based on the presence of ASCVD, TOD, and ASCVD risk factors at baseline (2006–2008). Vital status was retrieved in 2015. Results: Less than 1% of participants fell in the moderate-risk category. According to the 2019 classification, ~ 1/3 fell in the high-risk and ~ 2/3 in the very high-risk category, whereas the opposite occurred with the 2021 classification. Mortality risk increased across categories according to both classifications. Among very high-risk patients, mortality was much lower in those with ≥ 3 additional ASCVD risk factors and almost equal in those with TOD and ASCVD ± TOD, using the 2019 classification, whereas it was much higher in those with ASCVD + TOD and, to a lesser extent, TOD only than in those with ASCVD only, using the 2021 classification. Conclusions: The negligible number of moderate-risk patients suggests that these classifications might overestimate risk of ASCVD death. Downgrading patients with ≥ 3 additional ASCVD risk factors to the high-risk category is consistent with mortality data. Risk of death is very high in the presence of TOD irrespective of established ASCVD. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00715481.

Published
2022

17. Independent correlates of urinary albumin excretion within the normoalbuminuric range in patients with type 2 diabetes: The Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicentre Study

Author

Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Zoppini, Giacomo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Gruden, Gabriella, Lamacchia, Olga, Laviola, Luigi, Orsi, Emanuela, Pugliese, Giuseppe, and Renal Insufficiency Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Study Group

Published
2015
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18. Additional file 1 of Insulin resistance, diabetic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

Author

Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Lamacchia, Olga, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Scatterplot of clamp-derived GDR and eGDR (A) or HOMA-IR (B) in 140 individuals with T2D.

Published
2021
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19. Additional file 2 of Insulin resistance, diabetic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

Author

Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Lamacchia, Olga, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Subjects
urogenital system
Abstract

Additional file 2: Table S1. Binary logistic regression analyses of kidney parameters (albuminuria categories, eGFR categories, and DKD phenotypes as dependent variables) with eGDR tertiles as covariate adjusted for confounders*.

Published
2021
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20. Additional file 3 of Independent association of atherogenic dyslipidaemia with all‐cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes and modifying effect of gender: a prospective cohort study

Author

Orsi, Emanuela, Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Morano, Susanna, Baroni, Marco G., Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Additional file 3. The RIACE Study Group

Published
2021
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21. Additional file 2 of Independent association of atherogenic dyslipidaemia with all‐cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes and modifying effect of gender: a prospective cohort study

Author

Orsi, Emanuela, Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Morano, Susanna, Baroni, Marco G., Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Subjects
nutritional and metabolic diseases, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Abstract

Additional file 2: Figure S1. Survival analysis by quartiles of triglycerides in males. Figure S2. Survival analysis by quartiles of triglycerides in females. Figure S3. Survival analysis by quartiles of HDL cholesterol in males. Figure S4. Survival analysis by quartiles of HDL cholesterol in females. Figure S5. Survival analysis by quartiles of TG:HDL in males. Figure S6. Survival analysis by quartiles of TG:HDL in females.

Published
2021
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22. Additional file 1 of Independent association of atherogenic dyslipidaemia with all‐cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes and modifying effect of gender: a prospective cohort study

Author

Orsi, Emanuela, Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Morano, Susanna, Baroni, Marco G., Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Subjects
lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)
Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline clinical features of study participants by quartiles of triglycerides. Table S2: Baseline clinical features of study participants by quartiles of HDL cholesterol. Table S3: Baseline clinical features of study participants by quartiles of TG:HDL.

Published
2021
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23. Additional file 5 of Insulin resistance, diabetic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

Author

Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Lamacchia, Olga, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Additional file 5: Table S3. Survival analysis by Cox proportional hazards regression according to eGDR tertiles, adjusted for age, gender, albuminuria and eGFR categories (Model 4) or DKD phenotypes (Model 5), plus multiple confounders*.

Published
2021
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24. Additional file 6 of Insulin resistance, diabetic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

Author

Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Lamacchia, Olga, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Additional file 6: Figure S3. Cox proportional hazards regression, unadjusted (A), and adjusted by age and gender (B; model 1), plus albuminuria and eGFR categories (C; model 2) plus multiple confounders* (D; model 4), according to tertiles of eGDR calculated using measured waist circumference. HRs (95% CI) for mortality are shown for each tertile.

Published
2021
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25. Additional file 4 of Insulin resistance, diabetic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

Author

Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Lamacchia, Olga, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Additional file 4: Table S2. Survival analysis by Cox proportional hazards regression according to eGDR tertiles, adjusted for age and gender (Model 1) and for age and gender plus albuminuria and eGFR categories (Model 2) or DKD phenotypes (Model 3).

Published
2021
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26. Additional file 3 of Insulin resistance, diabetic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

Author

Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Lamacchia, Olga, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Additional file 3: Figure S2. Cumulative survival by Kaplan Meier analysis according to eGDR tertiles. Numbers (percentages) of death are shown for each tertile.

Published
2021
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27. Association between On-Treatment Haemoglobin A1c and All-Cause Mortality in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Importance of Personalized Goals and Type of Anti-Hyperglycaemic Treatment

Author

Orsi, E, Bonora, E, Solini, A, Fondelli, C, Trevisan, R, Vedovato, M, Cavalot, F, Zerbini, G, Morano, S, Nicolucci, A, Penno, G, Pugliese, G, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Solini, Anna, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Morano, Susanna, Nicolucci, Antonio, Penno, Giuseppe, Pugliese, Giuseppe, Orsi, E, Bonora, E, Solini, A, Fondelli, C, Trevisan, R, Vedovato, M, Cavalot, F, Zerbini, G, Morano, S, Nicolucci, A, Penno, G, Pugliese, G, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Solini, Anna, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Morano, Susanna, Nicolucci, Antonio, Penno, Giuseppe, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

The increased mortality reported with intensive glycaemic control has been attributed to an increased risk of treatment-related hypoglycaemia. This study investigated the relationships of haemoglobin (Hb) A(1c), anti-hyperglycaemic treatment, and potential risks of adverse effects with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients (n = 15,773) were stratified into four categories according to baseline HbA(1c) and then assigned to three target categories, based on whether HbA(1c) was <= 0.5% below or above (on-target), >0.5% below (below-target) or >0.5% above (above-target) their HbA(1c) goal, personalized according to the number of potential risks among age > 70 years, diabetes duration > 10 years, advanced complication(s), and severe comorbidity (ies). The vital status was retrieved for 15,656 patients (99.26%). Over a 7.4-year follow-up, mortality risk was increased among patients in the highest HbA(1c) category (>= 8.5%) (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.22-1.47), p < 0.001) and those above-target (1.42 (1.29-1.57), p < 0.001). Risk was increased among individuals in the lowest HbA(1c) category (<6.5%) and those below-target only if treated with agents causing hypoglycaemia (1.16 (1.03-1.29), p = 0.01 and 1.10 (1.01-1.22), p = 0.04, respectively). These data suggest the importance of setting both upper and lower personalized HbA(1c) goals to avoid overtreatment in high-risk individuals with type 2 diabetes treated with agents causing hypoglycaemia.

Published
2020

28. Independent association of atherogenic dyslipidaemia with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes and modifying effect of gender: A prospective cohort study

Author

Orsi, Emanuela, primary, Penno, Giuseppe, additional, Solini, Anna, additional, Bonora, Enzo, additional, Fondelli, Cecilia, additional, Trevisan, Roberto, additional, Vedovato, Monica, additional, Cavalot, Franco, additional, Morano, Susanna, additional, Baroni, Marco Giorgio, additional, Nicolucci, Antonio, additional, and Pugliese, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2021
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29. Independent association of atherogenic dyslipidaemia with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes and modifying effect of gender: A prospective cohort study

Author

Orsi, Emanuela, primary, Penno, Giuseppe, additional, Solini, Anna, additional, Bonora, Enzo, additional, Fondelli, Cecilia, additional, Trevisan, Roberto, additional, Vedovato, Monica, additional, Cavalot, Franco, additional, Morano, Susanna, additional, Baroni, Marco Giorgio, additional, Nicolucci, Antonio, additional, and Pugliese, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2020
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32. variability as an independent correlate of nephropathy, but not retinopathy, in patients with type 2 diabetes: the Renal Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study

Author

Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Orsi, Emanuela, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Morano, Susanna, Cavalot, Franco, Lamacchia, Olga, Laviola, Luigi, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Subjects
Diabetic retinopathy -- Complications and side effects -- Research -- Care and treatment, Chronic kidney failure -- Complications and side effects -- Research -- Care and treatment, Type 2 diabetes -- Complications and side effects -- Research -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

OBJECTIVE--To examine the association of hemoglobin (Hb) [A.sub.1c] variability with microvascular complications in the large cohort of subjects with type 2 diabetes from the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) [...]

Published
2013
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33. Diverging Association of Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate and Albuminuria With Coronary and Noncoronary Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Italian Multicenter Study

Author

Solini, Anna, Penno, Giuseppe, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Orsi, Emanuela, Arosio, Maura, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cignarelli, Mauro, Andreozzi, Francesco, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Published
2012
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35. Renal hyperfiltration is independently associated with increased all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

Author

Penno, Giuseppe, primary, Orsi, Emanuela, additional, Solini, Anna, additional, Bonora, Enzo, additional, Fondelli, Cecilia, additional, Trevisan, Roberto, additional, Vedovato, Monica, additional, Cavalot, Franco, additional, Gruden, Gabriella, additional, Laviola, Luigi, additional, Nicolucci, Antonio, additional, and Pugliese, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2020
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36. Association between On-Treatment Haemoglobin A1c and All-Cause Mortality in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: Importance of Personalized Goals and Type of Anti-Hyperglycaemic Treatment

Author

Orsi, Emanuela, primary, Bonora, Enzo, additional, Solini, Anna, additional, Fondelli, Cecilia, additional, Trevisan, Roberto, additional, Vedovato, Monica, additional, Cavalot, Franco, additional, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, additional, Morano, Susanna, additional, Nicolucci, Antonio, additional, Penno, Giuseppe, additional, and Pugliese, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2020
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37. Insulin resistance, diabetic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.

Author

Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Zerbini, Gianpaolo, Lamacchia, Olga, Nicolucci, Antonio, Pugliese, Giuseppe, Laviola, Luigi, and Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Study Group

Abstract

Background: It is unclear whether insulin resistance (IR) contributes to excess mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes independent of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is strongly associated with IR and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), the main cause of death in these individuals. We tested this hypothesis in patients with type 2 diabetes from the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events Italian Multicentre Study.Methods: This observational, prospective, cohort study enrolled 15,773 patients with type 2 diabetes attending 19 Italian Diabetes Clinics in 2006-2008. Insulin sensitivity was assessed as estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR), which was validated against the euglycaemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. Vital status on October 31, 2015, was retrieved for 15,656 patients (99.3%). Participants were stratified by eGDR tertiles from T1 (≥ 5.35 mg/kg/min) to T3 (≤ 4.14 mg/kg/min, highest IR).Results: CVD risk profile was worse in T2 and T3 vs T1. eGDR tertiles were independently associated with micro- and macroalbuminuria and the albuminuric DKD phenotypes (albuminuria with preserved or reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]) as well as with eGFR categories or the nonalbuminuric DKD phenotype. Over a 7.4-year follow-up, unadjusted death rates and mortality risks increased progressively across eGDR tertiles, but remained significantly elevated after adjustment only in T3 vs T1 (age- and gender- adjusted death rate, 22.35 vs 16.74 per 1000 person-years, p < 0.0001, and hazard ratio [HR] adjusted for multiple confounders including DKD, 1.140 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.049-1.238], p = 0.002). However, eGDR was independently associated with mortality in participants with no DKD (adjusted HR, 1.214 [95% CI, 1.072-1.375], p = 0.002) and in those with nonalbuminuric DKD (1.276 [1.034-1.575], p = 0.023), but not in those with the albuminuric DKD phenotypes. Moreover, the association was stronger in males and in younger individuals and was observed in those without but not with prior CVD, though interaction was significant only for age.Conclusions: The proxy of insulin sensitivity eGDR predicts all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes, independent of confounders including DKD. However, the impact of IR in individuals with albuminuric DKD may be mediated by its relationship with albuminuria.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT00715481, retrospectively registered 15 July 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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38. Additional file 3: of Is resistant hypertension an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes? A prospective cohort study

Author

Solini, Anna, Penno, Giuseppe, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Lamacchia, Olga, Baroni, Marco, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Table S2. Baseline clinical features in the RIACE participants with valid information on vital status and resistant hypertension on-target with >â 4 drugs or not on-target with >â 3 drugs according to the 140/90â mmHg BP targets. (DOCX 16 kb)

Published
2019
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39. Additional file 2: of Is resistant hypertension an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes? A prospective cohort study

Author

Solini, Anna, Penno, Giuseppe, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Lamacchia, Olga, Baroni, Marco, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Figure S1. Cumulative survival by Kaplan Meier analysis according to BP status, based on the 130/80â mmHg (A) and 140/90â mmHg (B) BP targets. Numbers (percentages) of death are shown for each group. NT = normotension; UTHT = untreated hypertension; CHT = controlled hypertension; UCHT = uncontrolled hypertension; RHT = resistant hypertension. (DOC 824 kb)

Published
2019
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40. Additional file 5: of Is resistant hypertension an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes? A prospective cohort study

Author

Solini, Anna, Penno, Giuseppe, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Lamacchia, Olga, Baroni, Marco, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Figure S3. Cox proportional hazards regression, unadjusted (A) and adjusted for age and gender (B) plus CVD risk factors (C) plus complications/comorbidities (D), according to BP status (based on the 140/90â mmHg BP targets). HRs (95% CI) for mortality are shown for each group. NT = normotension; UTHT = untreated hypertension; CHT = controlled hypertension; UCHT = uncontrolled hypertension; CRHT = controlled resistant hypertension; UCRHT = uncontrolled resistant hypertension. (DOC 1012 kb)

Published
2019
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41. Additional file 1: of Is resistant hypertension an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes? A prospective cohort study

Author

Solini, Anna, Penno, Giuseppe, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Lamacchia, Olga, Baroni, Marco, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Table S1. Baseline clinical features in the RIACE participants with valid information on vital status, stratified by BP status according to the 140/90â mmHg BP targets. (DOCX 17 kb)

Published
2019
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42. Additional file 4: of Is resistant hypertension an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes? A prospective cohort study

Author

Solini, Anna, Penno, Giuseppe, Orsi, Emanuela, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Lamacchia, Olga, Baroni, Marco, Nicolucci, Antonio, and Pugliese, Giuseppe

Abstract

Figure S2. Cox proportional hazards regression, unadjusted (A) and adjusted for age and gender (B) plus CVD risk factors (C) plus complications/comorbidities (D), according to BP status (based on the 140/90â mmHg BP targets). HRs (95% CI) for mortality are shown for each group. NT = normotension; UTHT = untreated hypertension; CHT = controlled hypertension; UCHT = uncontrolled hypertension; RHT = resistant hypertension. (DOC 809 kb)

Published
2019
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43. Serum Levels of miR-148a and miR-21-5p Are Increased in Type 1 Diabetic Patients and Correlated with Markers of Bone Strength and Metabolism

Author

Grieco, Giuseppina E., primary, Cataldo, Dorica, additional, Ceccarelli, Elena, additional, Nigi, Laura, additional, Catalano, Giovanna, additional, Brusco, Noemi, additional, Mancarella, Francesca, additional, Ventriglia, Giuliana, additional, Fondelli, Cecilia, additional, Guarino, Elisa, additional, Crisci, Isabella, additional, Sebastiani, Guido, additional, and Dotta, Francesco, additional

Published
2018
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44. Independent association of atherogenic dyslipidaemia with all‐cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes and modifying effect of gender: a prospective cohort study.

Author

Orsi, Emanuela, Penno, Giuseppe, Solini, Anna, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Morano, Susanna, Baroni, Marco G., Nicolucci, Antonio, Pugliese, Giuseppe, for the Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Study Group, and Laviola, Luigi

Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes, GENDER, DYSLIPIDEMIA, LONGITUDINAL method, COHORT analysis
Abstract

Background: Atherogenic dyslipidaemia has been implicated in the residual risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, which remains despite attainment of LDL cholesterol goals especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, its relationship with all-cause death has not been sufficiently explored. This analysis evaluated the independent association of increased triglycerides and triglyceride:HDL cholesterol ratio (TG:HDL) and decreased HDL cholesterol with total mortality and the possible modifying effect of gender in a large cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This observational, prospective study enrolled 15,773 patients in 19 Diabetes Clinics throughout Italy in the years 2006–2008. Triglycerides and total and HDL cholesterol were measured by colorimetric enzymatic methods. Vital status was retrieved on 31 October 2015 for 15,656 patients (99.3%). Participants were stratified by quartiles of triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and TG:HDL. Results: There were 3,602 deaths over a follow-up 7.42 ± 2.05 years (31.0 × 1000 person-years). In the unadjusted analyses, the highest TG:HDL (but not triglyceride) and the lowest HDL cholesterol quartile were associated with increased death rate and mortality risk. When sequentially adjusting for confounders, including total, LDL, or non-HDL cholesterol and lipid-lowering treatment, mortality risk was significantly higher in the highest triglyceride (hazard ratio 1.167 [95% confidence interval 1.055–1.291], p = 0.003) and TG:HDL (1.192 [1.082–1.314], p < 0.0001) and the lowest HDL cholesterol (1.232 [1.117–1.360], p < 0.0001) quartile, though the association of triglycerides and HDL cholesterol disappeared after further adjustment for each other. Interaction with gender was significant only for HDL cholesterol (p = 0.0009). The relationship with death was stronger for triglycerides in males and HDL cholesterol in females, with these associations remaining significant even after adjustment for HDL cholesterol (1.161 [1.019–1.324], p = 0.025, for the highest vs the lowest triglyceride quartile) and triglycerides (1.366 [1.176–1.587], p < 0.0001, for the lowest vs the highest HDL cholesterol quartile). Conclusions: In patients with type 2 diabetes, higher triglycerides and TG:HDL and lower HDL cholesterol were independently associated with increased all-cause mortality, with a modifying effect of gender for triglycerides and HDL cholesterol. These data suggest that atherogenic dyslipidaemia, especially TG:HDL, may serve as predictor of all-cause death in these individuals. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00715481, 15 July, 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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47. Haemoglobin A1c variability is a strong, independent predictor of all‐cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Author

Orsi, Emanuela, Solini, Anna, Bonora, Enzo, Fondelli, Cecilia, Trevisan, Roberto, Vedovato, Monica, Cavalot, Franco, Gruden, Gabriella, Morano, Susanna, Nicolucci, Antonio, Penno, Giuseppe, Pugliese, Giuseppe, and for the Renal Insufficiency and Cardiovascular Events (RIACE) Study Group

Subjects
HEMOGLOBIN polymorphisms, PEOPLE with diabetes, CAUSE of death statistics, KIDNEY failure, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases
Abstract

Aims: To evaluate various measures of haemoglobin (Hb) A1c variability, compared with average HbA1c, as independent predictors of mortality. Materials and Methods: The Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events Italian multicentre study enroled 15 733 patients with type 2 diabetes from 19 diabetes clinics during 2006‐2008. A total of 3 to 5 HbA1c measures, obtained during the 2‐year period before enrolment, were available from 9 centres (8290 patients) and were used to calculate average HbA1c (HbA1c ‐MEAN) and HbA1c variability, measured as intra‐individual standard deviation (HbA1c‐SD), SD adjusted for the number of HbA1c assessments (HbA1c‐AdjSD) and coefficient of variation (HbA1c‐CV), that is, the HbA1c‐SD to HbA1c‐MEAN ratio. Vital status on October 31, 2015 was retrieved for 8252 patients (99.5%). Results: The measures of HbA1c variability increased according to quartiles of HbA1c‐MEAN and vice versa. HbA1c‐MEAN and measures of HbA1c variability were associated with all‐cause mortality; however, the strength of association of HbA1c‐MEAN was lower than that of HbA1c ‐SD, HbA1c‐CV or HbA1c‐AdjSD, and disappeared after adjusting for confounders and any of the measures of HbA1c variability. Mortality increased with quartiles of HbA1c‐MEAN, HbA1c ‐SD, HbA1c‐CV and HbA1c‐AdjSD, but only the association with HbA1c variability measures remained after adjustment for confounders and/or each other measure. In the fully adjusted model, mortality risk was lower for HbA1c‐SD below the median and higher for HbA1c‐SD above the median, regardless of whether HbA1c‐MEAN was below or above the median. Conclusions: HbA1c variability is a strong, independent predictor of all‐cause mortality in type 2 diabetes and appears to be even more powerful than average HbA1c in predicting mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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48. Resistant hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes

Author

Solini, Anna, primary, Zoppini, Giacomo, additional, Orsi, Emanuela, additional, Fondelli, Cecilia, additional, Trevisan, Roberto, additional, Vedovato, Monica, additional, Cavalot, Franco, additional, Lamacchia, Olga, additional, Arosio, Maura, additional, Baroni, Marco G., additional, Penno, Giuseppe, additional, and Pugliese, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2014
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50. Hedgehog signalling during expansion and beta-cell differentiation of human Pancreatic Islet-Derived Precursor

Author

TONECA 2008, Coordination Action on the Aetiology, Pathology and Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes in Europe, Final Symposium (04 - 06 May 2008: Siena, Italy. (Poster)), Gallo, Rita, Grieco, Fabio Arturo, Masini, Matilde, Fondelli, Cecilia, Nigi, Laura, Bugliani, Marco, Marchetti, Piero, Dotta, Francesco, TONECA 2008, Coordination Action on the Aetiology, Pathology and Prediction of Type 1 Diabetes in Europe, Final Symposium (04 - 06 May 2008: Siena, Italy. (Poster)), Gallo, Rita, Grieco, Fabio Arturo, Masini, Matilde, Fondelli, Cecilia, Nigi, Laura, Bugliani, Marco, Marchetti, Piero, and Dotta, Francesco

Abstract

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Published
2008

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