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3. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

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Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Zhou, Bin, Sophiea, Marisa K, Bentham, James, Paciorek, Christopher J, Iurilli, Maria LC, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M, Bennett, James E, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Taddei, Cristina, Bixby, Honor, Stevens, Gretchen A, Riley, Leanne M, Cowan, Melanie J, Savin, Stefan, Danaei, Goodarz, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Kengne, Andre P, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Malekzadeh, Reza, Miranda, J Jaime, Moon, Jin Soo, Popovic, Stevo R, Sorensen, Thorkild IA, Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Gregg, Edward W, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Black, Robert, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A, Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Rahim, Hanan F Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M, Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A, Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A, Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M, Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M, Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N, Amiri, Parisa, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A, Angquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K, Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K, Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F, Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V, Jorgensen, Maja Baeksgaard, Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R, Baran, Joanna, Barbagallo, Carlo M, Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio JD, Barros, Mauro Virgilio Gomes, Basit, Abdul, Bastos, Joao Luiz D, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M, Batista, Rosangela L, Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A, Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bezerra, Jorge, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K, Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Bia, Daniel, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram M, Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B, Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia V, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M, Boehm, Bernhard O, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G, Bogova, Elena, Boissonnet, Carlos P, Bojesen, Stig E, Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Bopp, Matthias, Borghs, Herman, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn CE, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, Joao, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M, Brian, Garry R, Brinduse, Lacramioara, Brophy, Sinead, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas, Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, de Leon, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C, Canete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V, Capkova, Nadezda, Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardol, Marloes, Cardoso, Viviane C, Carlsson, Axel C, Carmuega, Esteban, Carvalho, Joana, Casajus, Jose A, Casanueva, Felipe F, Celikcan, Ertugrul, Censi, Laura, Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin, Cesar, Juraci A, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W, Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K, Chaturvedi, Nish, Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheraghian, Bahman, Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cilia, Michelle, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Cohen, Emmanuel, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C, Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C, Corpeleijn, Eva, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L, Crampin, Amelia C, Crujeiras, Ana B, Csilla, Semanova, Cucu, Alexandra M, Cui, Liufu, Cureau, Felipe V, D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dacica, Liliana, Saavedra, Maria Angeles Dal Re, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M, Dasgupta, Parasmani, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, David, De Ridder, Karin, de Rooij, Susanne R, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D, DeGennaro, Vincent, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Demarest, Stefaan, Dennison, Elaine, Deren, Katarzyna, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F, Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz-Sanchez, Maria Elena, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Djordjic, Visnja, Do, Ha TP, Dobson, Annette J, Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P, Doring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine A, Duboz, Priscilla, Duda, Rosemary B, Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C, Dushpanova, Anar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Eftekhar, Ebrahim, Egbagbe, Eruke E, Eggertsen, Robert, Eghtesad, Sareh, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El-Khateeb, Mohammad, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Enguerran, Macia, Erasmus, Rajiv T, Erbel, Raimund, Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G, Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Eslami, Saeid, Esmaeili, Ali, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fakhretdinova, Albina A, Fall, Caroline H, Faramarzi, Elnaz, Farjam, Mojtaba, Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Mohammad Reza, Fawwad, Asher, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J, Ferguson, Trevor S, Fernandes, Romulo A, Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrao, Thomas, Ferrari, Marika, Ferrario, Marco M, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Figueiro, Thamara Hubler, Fijalkowska, Anna, Fink, Gunther, Fischer, Krista, Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M, Francis, Damian K, Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H, Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D, Fuchs, Sandra C, Fujiati, Isti I, Fujita, Yuki, Fumihiko, Matsuda, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Galenkamp, Henrike, Galeone, Daniela, Galfo, Myriam, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Garcia-Solano, Marta, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P, Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gaya, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo, Gaya, Anelise Reis, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Gehring, Ulrike, Geiger, Harald, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Gkiouras, Konstantinos, Godos, Justyna, Gogen, Sibel, Goldsmith, Rebecca A, Goltzman, David, Gomez, Santiago F, Gomula, Aleksandra, da Silva, Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro, Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Chica, David A, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Leon, Margot, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P, Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio, Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena, Gonzalez, Angel R, Gottrand, Frederic, Graca, Antonio Pedro, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G, Gregor, Ronald D, Grodzicki, Tomasz, Groholt, Else Karin, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Guallar-Castillon, Pilar, Gualtieri, Andrea, Gudmundsson, Elias F, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L, Gulliford, Martin C, Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc J, Guo, Xiu-Hua, Guo, Yin, Gupta, Prakash C, Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Ha, Seongjun, Hadaegh, Farzad, Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A, Haghshenas, Rosa, Hakimi, Hamid, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R, Hamzeh, Behrooz, Hange, Dominique, Hanif, Abu AM, Hantunen, Sari, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad, Hassapidou, Maria, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, Hayes, Alison J, He, Jiang, He, Yuan, He, Yuna, Heidinger-Felso, Regina, Heinen, Mirjam, Hejgaard, Tatjana, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henrique, Rafael dos Santos, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Herrera, Victor M, Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C, Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Bergh, Ingunn Holden, Holdsworth, Michelle, Homayounfar, Reza, Homs, Clara, Hopman, Wilma M, Horimoto, Andrea RVR, Hormiga, Claudia M, Horta, Bernardo L, Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Thein, Thein Htay, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, Jose Maria, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac, Husseini, Abdullatif, Chinh, Nguyen Huu, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Hyska, Jolanda, Iacoviello, Licia, Ibarluzea, Jesus M, Ibrahim, Mohsen M, Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M Arfan, Iotova, Violeta, Irazola, Vilma E, Ishida, Takafumi, Islam, Muhammad, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jackson, Rod T, Jacobs, Jeremy M, Jaddou, Hashem Y, Jafar, Tazeen, James, Kenneth, Jamil, Kazi M, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Janus, Edward, Jarani, Juel, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jha, Anjani Kumar, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jimenez, Ramon O, Jockel, Karl-Heinz, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J, Jonas, Jost B, Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jovic, Dragana P, Jozwiak, Jacek J, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Simina, Iulia Jurca, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kaducu, Felix O, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O, Kalmatayeva, Zhanna, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kameli, Yves, Kanala, Kodanda R, Kannan, Srinivasan, Kapantais, Efthymios, Karki, Khem B, Katibeh, Marzieh, Katz, Joanne, Katzmarzyk, Peter T, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kelleher, Cecily, Kemper, Han CG, Keramati, Maryam, Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kheiri, Bahareh, Kheradmand, Motahareh, Khosravi, Alireza, Khouw, Ilse MSL, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Dong Wook, Kim, Hyeon Chang, Kim, Jeongseon, Kindblom, Jenny M, Klakk, Heidi, Klimek, Magdalena, Klimont, Jeannette, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Koirala, Bhawesh, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Konig, Jurgen, Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Korzycka, Magdalena, Kos, Jelena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kovacs, Viktoria A, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steiner, Kromhout, Daan, Krtalic, Branimir, Kruger, Herculina S, Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kujala, Urho M, Kujundzic, Enisa, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R Krishna, Kunesova, Marie, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Quang, Ngoc La, Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Lambrinou, Christina-Paulina, Landais, Edwige, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Latt, Tint Swe, Lauria, Laura, Lazo-Porras, Maria, Khanh, Le Nguyen Bao, Le Port, Agnes, Le, Tuyen D, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lee, Paul H, Lehmann, Nils, Lehtimaki, Terho, Lemogoum, Daniel, Levitt, Naomi S, Li, Yanping, Liivak, Merike, Lilly, Christa L, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lin, Yi-Ting, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Liu, Jing, Liu, Lijuan, Lo, Wei-Cheng, Loit, Helle-Mai, Khuong, Quynh Long, Lopes, Luis, Lopes, Oscar, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lopez, Tania, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lozano, Jose Eugenio, Lukrafka, Janice L, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lundqvist, Robert, Lunet, Nuno, Lunogelo, Charles, Lustigova, Michala, Luszczki, Edyta, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Ma, Xu, Machado-Coelho, George LL, Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M, Machi, Suka, Macieira, Luisa M, Madar, Ahmed A, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Magnacca, Sara, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Mahasampath, Gowri, Maire, Bernard, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Maki, Paivi, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia K, Maniego, Lynell V, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Markaki, Anastasia, Markey, Oonagh, Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martin-Prevel, Yves, Martin, Rosemarie, Martorell, Reynaldo, Martos, Eva, Marventano, Stefano, Mascarenhas, Luis P, Masoodi, Shariq R, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Mathur, Prashant, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E, Mavrogianni, Christina, Mazur, Artur, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, McFarlane, Shelly R, McGarvey, Stephen T, McKee, Martin, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McLean, Scott B, McNulty, Breige A, Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Mehdipour, Parinaz, Mehlig, Kirsten, Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisfjord, Jorgen, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B, Menon, Geetha R, Mensink, Gert BM, Menzano, Maria Teresa, Mereke, Alibek, Meshram, Indrapal I, Metspalu, Andres, Mi, Jie, Michaelsen, Kim F, Michels, Nathalie, Mikkel, Kairit, Milkowska, Karolina, Miller, Jody C, Minderico, Claudia S, Mini, GK, Miquel, Juan Francisco, Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza, Mirkopoulou, Daphne, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mistretta, Antonio, Mocanu, Veronica, Modesti, Pietro A, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohamed, Shukri F, Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadi, Zahra, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mohebbi, Iraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitry, Marie, Molbo, Drude, Mollehave, Line T, Moller, Niels C, Molnar, Denes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K, Monroy-Valle, Michele, Monterrubio-Flores, Eric, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moreira, Leila B, Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A, Morgan, Karen, Morin, Suzanne N, Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota-Pinto, Anabela, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos Andre, Mridha, Malay K, Msyamboza, Kelias P, Thet, Thet Mu, Muc, Magdalena, Mugosa, Boban, Muiesan, Maria L, Mukhtorova, Parvina, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Murtagh, Elaine M, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Milanovic, Sanja Music, Musil, Vera, Mustafa, Norlaila, Nabipour, Iraj, Naderimagham, Shohreh, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M, Najafi, Farid, Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K, Nangia, Vinay B, Nankap, Martin, Narake, Sameer, Nardone, Paola, Nauck, Matthias, Neal, William A, Nejatizadeh, Azim, Nelis, Keiu, Nelis, Liis, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Quang, Ngoc Nguyen, Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E, Nikitin, Yury P, Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A, Nogueira, Helena, Norat, Teresa, Nordendahl, Maria, Nordestgaard, Borge G, Noto, Davide, Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia, Al Nsour, Mohannad, Nuhoglu, Irfan, Nurk, Eha, O'Neill, Terence W, O'Reilly, Dermot, Obreja, Galina, Ochimana, Caleb, Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M, Oda, Eiji, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Ohlsson, Claes, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Olafsson, Orn, Olinto, Maria Teresa A, Oliveira, Isabel O, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M, Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Ana P, Ortiz, Pedro J, Osler, Merete, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M, Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A, Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pagkalos, Ioannis, Pahomova, Elena, de Paiva, Karina Mary, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palloni, Alberto, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Arvind, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Park, Suyeon, Parnell, Winsome R, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pascanu, Ionela M, Pasquet, Patrick, Patel, Nikhil D, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Peer, Nasheeta, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Peres, Marco A, Perez-Farinos, Napoleon, Perez, Cynthia M, Peterkova, Valentina, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Pettenuzzo, Emanuela, Peykari, Niloofar, Son, Thai Pham, Pichardo, Rafael N, Pierannunzio, Daniela, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pistelli, Francesco, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Poh, Bee Koon, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Pop, Raluca M, Porta, Miquel, Posch, Georg, Poudyal, Anil, Poulimeneas, Dimitrios, Pouraram, Hamed, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J, Price, Jacqueline F, Providencia, Rui, Puder, Jardena J, Pudule, Iveta, Puhakka, Soile E, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Tran, Quoc Bao, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina, Rakhmatulloev, Sherali, Rakovac, Ivo, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Elisabete, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rarra, Vayia, Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A, Rasmussen, Mette, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Regecova, Valeria, Revilla, Luis, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Ribas-Barba, Lourdes, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, Rinaldo, Natascia, de Wit, Tobias F Rinke, Rito, Ana, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Rivera, Juan A, Robitaille, Cynthia, Roccaldo, Romana, Rodrigues, Daniela, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L, Rosario, Rafaela V, Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Roy, Joel GR, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Ruhli, Frank J, Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Moreno, Emma Ruiz, Rusakova, Iuliia A, Jonsson, Kenisha Russell, Russo, Paola, Rust, Petra, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sacchini, Elena, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Saidi, Olfa, Saki, Nader, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Samoutian, Margarita, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sandjaja, Sans, Susana, Marina, Loreto Santa, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Santos, Lelita C, Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Osvaldo, Santos, Rute, Sanz, Sara Santos, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Savy, Mathilde, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schindler, Karin, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schnohr, Peter, Schottker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schramm, 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Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Weghuber, Daniel, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Julianne, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Li Juan, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yardim, Nazan, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Yusof, Safiah Md, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassilis, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilova, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, Zuziak, Monika, Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 774548, Reproductive Origins of Adult Health and Disease (ROAHD), Rodriguez-Martinez A, Zhou B, Sophiea MK, Bentham J, Paciorek CJ, Iurilli ML, Carrillo-Larco RM, Bennett JE, Di Cesare M, Taddei C, Bixby H, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Cowan MJ, Savin S, 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Nordestgaard B.G., Noto D., Nowak-Szczepanska N., Nsour M.A., Nuhoglu I., Nurk E., O'Neill T.W., O'Reilly D., Obreja G., Ochimana C., Ochoa-Aviles A.M., Oda E., Oh K., Ohara K., Ohlsson C., Ohtsuka R., Olafsson O., Olinto M.T.A., Oliveira I.O., Omar M.A., Onat A., Ong S.K., Ono L.M., Ordunez P., Ornelas R., Ortiz A.P., Ortiz P.J., Osler M., Osmond C., Ostojic S.M., Ostovar A., Otero J.A., Overvad K., Owusu-Dabo E., Paccaud F.M., Padez C., Pagkalos I., Pahomova E., Paiva K.M.D., Pajak A., Palli D., Palloni A., Palmieri L., Pan W.-H., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Panza F., Papandreou D., Park S.-W., Park S., Parnell W.R., Parsaeian M., Pascanu I.M., Pasquet P., Patel N.D., Pednekar M.S., Peer N., Peixoto S.V., Peltonen M., Pereira A.C., Peres M.A., Perez-Farinos N., Perez C.M., Peterkova V., Peters A., Petersmann A., Petkeviciene J., Petrauskiene A., Pettenuzzo E., Peykari N., Pham S.T., Pichardo R.N., Pierannunzio D., Pigeot I., Pikhart H., Pilav A., Pilotto L., Pistelli F., Pitakaka F., 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Male, body-mass index, ADULTHOOD, Adolescents, pituuskasvu, Pediatrics, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, nuoret, Public health surveillance, Medicine, Health Status Indicators, 10. No inequality, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Body mass index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801, General Medicine, Body mass indexes, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, Geography, Health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Child, Preschool, Medical and Health sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], medicine.medical_specialty, School-aged adolescents, Socio-culturale, lapset (ikäryhmät), Nursing, territories, ravinto, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.3 [https], 03 medical and health sciences, School Children, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Humans, school-aged children and adolescents, Montenegro, education, Science & Technology, Omvårdnad, Health sciences, Medical and Health sciences, Ciências médicas e da saúde, Bayes Theorem, Anthropometry, Adolescent Development, medicine.disease, TRENDS, Height and Body-mass Index, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, UNDERNUTRITION, Height index trajectories, Height, body mass index, children , epidemiology, risk factors, growth, Stature, Demography, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Internationality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Body-mass index trajectories, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, risk factors, countries, EPIDEMIOLOGY, height, children, adolescents, BMI, 030212 general & internal medicine, painoindeksi, Child development, 2. Zero hunger, Medicine(all), School age child, obestity children cardiovascular, Population Health, 1. No poverty, Pediatrik, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, Pooled analysis, NUTRITION, Female, medicine.symptom, pooled analysis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, terveys, height, BMI, nutrition, health, children, adolescents, Adolescent, growth, Population, body-mass, Population based, Body-mass index, Young Adult, Medicine, General & Internal, Meta-Analysis as Topic, General & Internal Medicine, parasitic diseases, Weight gain, School-aged childrens, Age trajectories, business.industry, Height, Weight, Body Height, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, ONSET, Ciências da Saúde, Ciências médicas e da saúde, School-aged children, VDP::Medical disciplines: 700::Health sciences: 800::Community medicine, Social medicine: 801, business, terveysriskit, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents., METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence., FINDINGS: We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls., INTERPRETATION: The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks., Wellcome Trust, AstraZeneca Young Health Programme, EU., peer-reviewed

Published
2020
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4. Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Author

MS MDL 1, Onderzoeksgroep 10, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Circulatory Health, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 1, UMC Utrecht, Public Health Epidemiologie, Rodriguez-Martinez, Andrea, Zhou, Bin, Sophiea, Marisa K., Bentham, James, Paciorek, Christopher J., Iurilli, Maria L. C., Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Bennett, James E., Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Taddei, Cristina, Bixby, Honor, Stevens, Gretchen A., Riley, Leanne M., Cowan, Melanie J., Savin, Stefan, Danaei, Goodarz, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Kengne, Andre P., Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Malekzadeh, Reza, Miranda, J. Jaime, Moon, Jin Soo, Popovic, Stevo R., Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Zainuddin, Ahmad A., Gregg, Edward W., Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Black, Robert, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abdrakhmanova, Shynar, Ghaffar, Suhaila Abdul, Rahim, Hanan F. Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Garba, Jamila Abubakar, Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Afzal, Shoaib, Agdeppa, Imelda A., Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Mohamad Hasnan, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H., Ahrens, Wolfgang, Aitmurzaeva, Gulmira, Ajlouni, Kamel, Al-Hazzaa, Hazzaa M., Al-Othman, Amani Rashed, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M., Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Allin, Kristine, Alvarez-Pedrerol, Mar, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amiri, Parisa, Amougou, Norbert, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E., Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Aung, May Soe, Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azimi-Nezhad, Mohsen, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Babu, Bontha V., Jorgensen, Maja Baeksgaard, Baharudin, Azli, Bahijri, Suhad, Baker, Jennifer L., Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Baran, Joanna, Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro Virgilio Gomes, Basit, Abdul, Bastos, Joao Luiz D., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batista, Rosangela L., Battakova, Zhamilya, Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Bel-Serrat, Silvia, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benedics, Judith, Benet, Mikhail, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bezerra, Jorge, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Hongsheng, Bi, Yufang, Bia, Daniel, Lele, Elysee Claude Bika, Bikbov, Mukharram M., Bista, Bihungum, Bjelica, Dusko J., Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Bloch, Katia V., Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boddy, Lynne M., Boehm, Bernhard O., Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Bogova, Elena, Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bojesen, Stig E., Bonaccio, Marialaura, Bongard, Vanina, Bonilla-Vargas, Alice, Bopp, Matthias, Borghs, Herman, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckevelt, Lien, Braeckman, Lutgart, Bragt, Marjolijn C. E., Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Breda, Joao, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Brinduse, Lacramioara, Brophy, Sinead, Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas, Bugge, Anna, Buoncristiano, Marta, Burazeri, Genc, Burns, Con, de Leon, Antonio Cabrera, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cama, Tilema, Cameron, Christine, Camolas, Jose, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Canete, Felicia, Capanzana, Mario V., Capkova, Nadezda, Capuano, Eduardo, Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardol, Marloes, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carmuega, Esteban, Carvalho, Joana, Casajus, Jose A., Casanueva, Felipe F., Celikcan, Ertugrul, Censi, Laura, Cervantes-Loaiza, Marvin, Cesar, Juraci A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nish, Rahim, Norsyamlina Che Abdul, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Chen, Zhengming, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cheraghian, Bahman, Chetrit, Angela, Chikova-Iscener, Ekaterina, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Christensen, Kaare, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cilia, Michelle, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clarke, Janine, Clays, Els, Cohen, Emmanuel, Concin, Hans, Confortin, Susana C., Cooper, Cyrus, Coppinger, Tara C., Corpeleijn, Eva, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crampin, Amelia C., Crujeiras, Ana B., Csilla, Semanova, Cucu, Alexandra M., Cui, Liufu, Cureau, Felipe V., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dacica, Liliana, Saavedra, Maria Angeles Dal Re, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Damsgaard, Camilla T., Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dasgupta, Parasmani, Dastgiri, Saeed, Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Ridder, David, De Ridder, Karin, de Rooij, Susanne R., De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Deev, Alexander D., DeGennaro, Vincent, Jr., Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Delpeuch, Francis, Demarest, Stefaan, Dennison, Elaine, Deren, Katarzyna, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Dhimal, Meghnath, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz-Sanchez, Maria Elena, Diaz, Alejandro, Dika, Zivka, Djalalinia, Shirin, Djordjic, Visnja, Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donati, Maria Benedetta, Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doring, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Dorosty, Ahmad Reza, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Duan, Jia Li, Duante, Charmaine A., Duboz, Priscilla, Duda, Rosemary B., Duleva, Vesselka, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dumith, Samuel C., Dushpanova, Anar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eddie, Ricky, Eftekhar, Ebrahim, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, Eghtesad, Sareh, Eiben, Gabriele, Ekelund, Ulf, El-Khateeb, Mohammad, El Ati, Jalila, Eldemire-Shearer, Denise, Eliasen, Marie, Elliott, Paul, Engle-Stone, Reina, Enguerran, Macia, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erbel, Raimund, Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Eslami, Saeid, Esmaeili, Ali, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fakhretdinova, Albina A., Fall, Caroline H., Faramarzi, Elnaz, Farjam, Mojtaba, Sant'Angelo, Victoria Farrugia, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fattahi, Mohammad Reza, Fawwad, Asher, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrao, Thomas, Ferrari, Marika, Ferrario, Marco M., Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrer, Eldridge, Ferrieres, Jean, Figueiro, Thamara Hubler, Fijalkowska, Anna, Fink, Gunther, Fischer, Krista, Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth, Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujiati, Isti I., Fujita, Yuki, Fumihiko, Matsuda, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Gafencu, Mihai, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Galenkamp, Henrike, Galeone, Daniela, Galfo, Myriam, Galvano, Fabio, Gao, Jingli, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Garcia-Solano, Marta, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gaya, Adroaldo Cesar Araujo, Gaya, Anelise Reis, Gazzinelli, Andrea, Gehring, Ulrike, Geiger, Harald, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghanbari, Ali, Ghasemi, Erfan, Gheorghe-Fronea, Oana-Florentina, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gironella, Glen, Giwercman, Aleksander, Gkiouras, Konstantinos, Godos, Justyna, Gogen, Sibel, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goltzman, David, Gomez, Santiago F., Gomula, Aleksandra, da Silva, Bruna Goncalves Cordeiro, Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Chica, David A., Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Leon, Margot, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Gonzalez-Villalpando, Clicerio, Gonzalez-Villalpando, Maria-Elena, Gonzalez, Angel R., Gottrand, Frederic, Graca, Antonio Pedro, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Groholt, Else Karin, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Gualdi-Russo, Emanuela, Guallar-Castillon, Pilar, Gualtieri, Andrea, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc J., Guo, Xiu-Hua, Guo, Yin, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Ha, Seongjun, Hadaegh, Farzad, Hadjigeorgiou, Charalambos A., Haghshenas, Rosa, Hakimi, Hamid, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hambleton, Ian R., Hamzeh, Behrooz, Hange, Dominique, Hanif, Abu A. M., Hantunen, Sari, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hashemi-Shahri, Seyed Mohammad, Hassapidou, Maria, Hata, Jun, Haugsgjerd, Teresa, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, He, Yuan, He, Yuna, Heidinger-Felso, Regina, Heinen, Mirjam, Hejgaard, Tatjana, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henrique, Rafael dos Santos, Henriques, Ana, Cadena, Leticia Hernandez, Herrala, Sauli, Herrera, Victor M., Herter-Aeberli, Isabelle, Heshmat, Ramin, Hill, Allan G., Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Bergh, Ingunn Holden, Holdsworth, Michelle, Homayounfar, Reza, Homs, Clara, Hopman, Wilma M., Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Thein Thein Htay, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, Jose Maria, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac, Husseini, Abdullatif, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Hyska, Jolanda, Iacoviello, Licia, Ibarluzea, Jesus M., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Iotova, Violeta, Irazola, Vilma E., Ishida, Takafumi, Islam, Muhammad, Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jackson, Rod T., Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem Y., Jafar, Tazeen, James, Kenneth, Jamil, Kazi M., Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Janus, Edward, Jarani, Juel, Jarvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jha, Anjani Kumar, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jimenez, Ramon O., Jockel, Karl-Heinz, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Joukar, Farahnaz, Jovic, Dragana P., Jozwiak, Jacek J., Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Simina, Iulia Jurca, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kaducu, Felix O., Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalmatayeva, Zhanna, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kameli, Yves, Kanala, Kodanda R., Kannan, Srinivasan, Kapantais, Efthymios, Karki, Khem B., Katibeh, Marzieh, Katz, Joanne, Katzmarzyk, Peter T., Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli M., Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kelleher, Cecily, Kemper, Han C. G., Keramati, Maryam, Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kheiri, Bahareh, Kheradmand, Motahareh, Khosravi, Alireza, Khouw, Ilse M. S. L., Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Dong Wook, Kim, Hyeon Chang, Kim, Jeongseon, Kindblom, Jenny M., Klakk, Heidi, Klimek, Magdalena, Klimont, Jeannette, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Koirala, Bhawesh, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Konig, Jurgen, Korpelainen, Raija, Korrovits, Paul, Korzycka, Magdalena, Kos, Jelena, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kovacs, Viktoria A., Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steiner, Kromhout, Daan, Krtalic, Branimir, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kujala, Urho M., Kujundzic, Enisa, Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kunesova, Marie, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Laamiri, Fatima Zahra, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Lambrinou, Christina-Paulina, Landais, Edwige, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Latt, Tint Swe, Lauria, Laura, Lazo-Porras, Maria, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Le Port, Agnes, Le, Tuyen D., Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lee, Paul H., Lehmann, Nils, Lehtimaki, Terho, Lemogoum, Daniel, Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Liivak, Merike, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lin, Yi-Ting, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Liu, Jing, Liu, Lijuan, Lo, Wei-Cheng, Loit, Helle-Mai, Khuong Quynh Long, Lopes, Luis, Lopes, Oscar, Lopez-Garcia, Esther, Lopez, Tania, Lotufo, Paulo A., Lozano, Jose Eugenio, Lukrafka, Janice L., Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lundqvist, Robert, Lunet, Nuno, Lunogelo, Charles, Lustigova, Michala, Luszczki, Edyta, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Ma, Xu, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M., Machi, Suka, Macieira, Luisa M., Madar, Ahmed A., Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magnacca, Sara, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Mahasampath, Gowri, Maire, Bernard, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Maki, Paivi, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia K., Maniego, Lynell V., Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Markaki, Anastasia, Markey, Oonagh, Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martin-Prevel, Yves, Martin, Rosemarie, Martorell, Reynaldo, Martos, Eva, Marventano, Stefano, Mascarenhas, Luis P., Masoodi, Shariq R., Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Mathur, Prashant, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mavrogianni, Christina, Mazur, Artur, Mbanya, Jean Claude N., McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McKee, Martin, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Mehdipour, Parinaz, Mehlig, Kirsten, Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisfjord, Jorgen, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Mensink, Gert B. M., Menzano, Maria Teresa, Mereke, Alibek, Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Mi, Jie, Michaelsen, Kim F., Michels, Nathalie, Mikkel, Kairit, Milkowska, Karolina, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Claudia S., Mini, G. K., Miquel, Juan Francisco, Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza, Mirkopoulou, Daphne, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mistretta, Antonio, Mocanu, Veronica, Modesti, Pietro A., Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohamed, Shukri F., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadi, Zahra, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mohebbi, Iraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitry, Marie, Molbo, Drude, Mollehave, Line T., Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monroy-Valle, Michele, Monterrubio-Flores, Eric, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Morin, Suzanne N., Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota-Pinto, Anabela, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos Andre, Mridha, Malay K., Msyamboza, Kelias P., Thet Thet Mu, Muc, Magdalena, Mugosa, Boban, Muiesan, Maria L., Mukhtorova, Parvina, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Murtagh, Elaine M., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Milanovic, Sanja Music, Musil, Vera, Mustafa, Norlaila, Nabipour, Iraj, Naderimagham, Shohreh, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Najafi, Farid, Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Nankap, Martin, Narake, Sameer, Nardone, Paola, Nauck, Matthias, Neal, William A., Nejatizadeh, Azim, Nelis, Keiu, Nelis, Liis, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Nikitin, Yury P., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Nogueira, Helena, Norat, Teresa, Nordendahl, Maria, Nordestgaard, Borge G., Noto, Davide, Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia, Al Nsour, Mohannad, Nuhoglu, Irfan, Nurk, Eha, O'Neill, Terence W., O'Reilly, Dermot, Obreja, Galina, Ochimana, Caleb, Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M., Oda, Eiji, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Ohlsson, Claes, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Olafsson, Orn, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O., Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Ana P., Ortiz, Pedro J., Osler, Merete, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pagkalos, Ioannis, Pahomova, Elena, de Paiva, Karina Mary, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palloni, Alberto, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Arvind, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Park, Suyeon, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pascanu, Ionela M., Pasquet, Patrick, Patel, Nikhil D., Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peres, Marco A., Perez-Farinos, Napoleon, Perez, Cynthia M., Peterkova, Valentina, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Pettenuzzo, Emanuela, Peykari, Niloofar, Son Thai Pham, Pichardo, Rafael N., Pierannunzio, Daniela, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pistelli, Francesco, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N., Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Poh, Bee Koon, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Pop, Raluca M., Porta, Miquel, Posch, Georg, Poudyal, Anil, Poulimeneas, Dimitrios, Pouraram, Hamed, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J., Price, Jacqueline F., Providencia, Rui, Puder, Jardena J., Pudule, Iveta, Puhakka, Soile E., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Tran Quoc Bao, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina, Rakhmatulloev, Sherali, Rakovac, Ivo, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Elisabete, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rarra, Vayia, Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A., Rasmussen, Mette, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Regecova, Valeria, Revilla, Luis, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Ribas-Barba, Lourdes, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, Rinaldo, Natascia, de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke, Rito, Ana, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Rivera, Juan A., Robitaille, Cynthia, Roccaldo, Romana, Rodrigues, Daniela, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L., Rosario, Rafaela V., Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Ruhli, Frank J., Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Moreno, Emma Ruiz, Rusakova, Iuliia A., Jonsson, Kenisha Russell, Russo, Paola, Rust, Petra, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sacchini, Elena, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Saidi, Olfa, Saki, Nader, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Samoutian, Margarita, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sandjaja, Sans, Susana, Marina, Loreto Santa, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., Santos, Lelita C., Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Osvaldo, Santos, Rute, Sanz, Sara Santos, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Savy, Mathilde, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D., Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schindler, Karin, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schnohr, Peter, Schottker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schramm, Stine, Schroder, Helmut, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sebert, Sylvain, Sein, Aye Aye, Selamat, Rusidah, Sember, Vedrana, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sequera, Victor, Serra-Majem, Luis, Servais, Jennifer, Sevcikova, Ludmila, Shalnova, Svetlana A., Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shengelia, Lela, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Shirani, Majid, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Silva, Antonio M., Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjoberg, Agneta, Sjostrom, Michael, Skodje, Gry, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobek, Grzegorz, Sobngwi, Eugene, Sodemann, Morten, Soderberg, Stefan, Soekatri, Moesijanti Y. 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R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Thein Thein Htay, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Huerta, Jose Maria, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Petrescu, Constanta Huidumac, Husseini, Abdullatif, Chinh Nguyen Huu, Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Hyska, Jolanda, Iacoviello, Licia, Ibarluzea, Jesus M., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. 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L., Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M., Machi, Suka, Macieira, Luisa M., Madar, Ahmed A., Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magnacca, Sara, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Mahasampath, Gowri, Maire, Bernard, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Maki, Paivi, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia K., Maniego, Lynell V., Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Markaki, Anastasia, Markey, Oonagh, Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martin-Prevel, Yves, Martin, Rosemarie, Martorell, Reynaldo, Martos, Eva, Marventano, Stefano, Mascarenhas, Luis P., Masoodi, Shariq R., Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Mathur, Prashant, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mavrogianni, Christina, Mazur, Artur, Mbanya, Jean Claude N., McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McKee, Martin, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Mehdipour, Parinaz, Mehlig, Kirsten, Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisfjord, Jorgen, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Mensink, Gert B. M., Menzano, Maria Teresa, Mereke, Alibek, Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Mi, Jie, Michaelsen, Kim F., Michels, Nathalie, Mikkel, Kairit, Milkowska, Karolina, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Claudia S., Mini, G. K., Miquel, Juan Francisco, Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza, Mirkopoulou, Daphne, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mistretta, Antonio, Mocanu, Veronica, Modesti, Pietro A., Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohamed, Shukri F., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadi, Zahra, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mohebbi, Iraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitry, Marie, Molbo, Drude, Mollehave, Line T., Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monroy-Valle, Michele, Monterrubio-Flores, Eric, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Morin, Suzanne N., Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota-Pinto, Anabela, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos Andre, Mridha, Malay K., Msyamboza, Kelias P., Thet Thet Mu, Muc, Magdalena, Mugosa, Boban, Muiesan, Maria L., Mukhtorova, Parvina, Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Murtagh, Elaine M., Musa, Kamarul Imran, Milanovic, Sanja Music, Musil, Vera, Mustafa, Norlaila, Nabipour, Iraj, Naderimagham, Shohreh, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Najafi, Farid, Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Nankap, Martin, Narake, Sameer, Nardone, Paola, Nauck, Matthias, Neal, William A., Nejatizadeh, Azim, Nelis, Keiu, Nelis, Liis, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Nikitin, Yury P., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Nogueira, Helena, Norat, Teresa, Nordendahl, Maria, Nordestgaard, Borge G., Noto, Davide, Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia, Al Nsour, Mohannad, Nuhoglu, Irfan, Nurk, Eha, O'Neill, Terence W., O'Reilly, Dermot, Obreja, Galina, Ochimana, Caleb, Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M., Oda, Eiji, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Ohlsson, Claes, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Olafsson, Orn, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O., Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Ana P., Ortiz, Pedro J., Osler, Merete, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pagkalos, Ioannis, Pahomova, Elena, de Paiva, Karina Mary, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palloni, Alberto, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Arvind, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Park, Suyeon, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pascanu, Ionela M., Pasquet, Patrick, Patel, Nikhil D., Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peres, Marco A., Perez-Farinos, Napoleon, Perez, Cynthia M., Peterkova, Valentina, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Pettenuzzo, Emanuela, Peykari, Niloofar, Son Thai Pham, Pichardo, Rafael N., Pierannunzio, Daniela, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pistelli, Francesco, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N., Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Poh, Bee Koon, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Pop, Raluca M., Porta, Miquel, Posch, Georg, Poudyal, Anil, Poulimeneas, Dimitrios, Pouraram, Hamed, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J., Price, Jacqueline F., Providencia, Rui, Puder, Jardena J., Pudule, Iveta, Puhakka, Soile E., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Tran Quoc Bao, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina, Rakhmatulloev, Sherali, Rakovac, Ivo, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Elisabete, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rarra, Vayia, Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A., Rasmussen, Mette, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Regecova, Valeria, Revilla, Luis, Rezaianzadeh, Abbas, Ribas-Barba, Lourdes, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, Rinaldo, Natascia, de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke, Rito, Ana, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Rivera, Juan A., Robitaille, Cynthia, Roccaldo, Romana, Rodrigues, Daniela, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L., Rosario, Rafaela V., Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Ruhli, Frank J., Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Moreno, Emma Ruiz, Rusakova, Iuliia A., Jonsson, Kenisha Russell, Russo, Paola, Rust, Petra, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sacchini, Elena, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safi, Sare, Safiri, Saeid, Saidi, Olfa, Saki, Nader, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Samoutian, Margarita, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sandjaja, Sans, Susana, Marina, Loreto Santa, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., Santos, Lelita C., Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Osvaldo, Santos, Rute, Sanz, Sara Santos, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Savy, Mathilde, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D., Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schindler, Karin, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schnohr, Peter, Schottker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schramm, Stine, Schroder, Helmut, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sebert, Sylvain, Sein, Aye Aye, Selamat, Rusidah, Sember, Vedrana, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sequera, Victor, Serra-Majem, Luis, Servais, Jennifer, Sevcikova, Ludmila, Shalnova, Svetlana A., Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shengelia, Lela, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Shirani, Majid, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Silva, Antonio M., Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjoberg, Agneta, Sjostrom, Michael, Skodje, Gry, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobek, Grzegorz, Sobngwi, Eugene, Sodemann, Morten, Soderberg, Stefan, Soekatri, Moesijanti Y. E., Soemantri, Agustinus, Sofat, Reecha, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sorgjerd, Elin P., Jerome, Charles Sossa, Soto-Rojas, Victoria E., Soumare, Aicha, Sovic, Slavica, Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente, Sparrenberger, Karen, Spinelli, Angela, Spiroski, Igor, Staessen, Jan A., Stamm, Hanspeter, Stathopoulou, Maria G., Staub, Kaspar, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stevanovic, Ranko, Stieber, Jutta, Stockl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stoyanova, Ekaterina, Stratton, Gareth, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sturua, Lela, Suarez-Medina, Ramon, Suka, Machi, Sun, Chien-An, Sundstrom, Johan, Sung, Yn-Tz, Sunyer, Jordi, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Swinburn, Boyd A., Sy, Rody G., Syddall, Holly E., Sylva, Rene Charles, Szklo, Moyses, Szponar, Lucjan, Tai, E. Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarp, Jakob, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Braunerova, Radka Taxova, Taylor, Anne, Taylor, Julie, Tchibindat, Felicite, Tebar, William R., Tell, Grethe S., Tello, Tania, Thankappan, K. R., Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thomas, Nihal, Thuesen, Betina H., Ticha, Lubica, Timmermans, Erik J., Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topor-Madry, Roman, Torheim, Liv Elin, Tormo, Maria Jose, Tornaritis, Michael J., Torrent, Maties, Torres-Collado, Laura, Toselli, Stefania, Traissac, Pierre, Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tsigga, Maria, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuliakova, Azaliia M., Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Tynelius, Per, Tzotzas, Themistoklis, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ukoli, Flora A. M., Ulmer, Hanno, Unal, Belgin, Usupova, Zhamyila, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Uysal, Nalan, Vaitkeviciute, Justina, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Vale, Susana, Valvi, Damaskini, van Dam, Rob M., Van der Heyden, Johan, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Van Herck, Koen, Hoang Van Minh, van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Varbo, Anette, Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio, Varona-Perez, Patricia, Vasan, Senthil K., Vega, Tomas, Veidebaum, Toomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Velika, Biruta, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Victora, Cesar G., Viegi, Giovanni, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visser, Marjolein, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vladulescu, Mihaela, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vocanec, Dorja, Volzke, Henry, Voutilainen, Ari, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Waldhor, Thomas, Walton, Janette, Wambiya, Elvis O. A., Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, de Souza, Rildo, Junior, Wanderley, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Weghuber, Daniel, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Julianne, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Andrew, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Li Juan, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yardim, Nazan, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusof, Safiah Md, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassilis, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zamrazilova, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zaw, Ko Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, and Zuziak, Monika

Published
2020

5. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) Members are listed at the end of the paper

Author

Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, James, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R., Jackson, Rod T., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundstrom, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S., Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Jürgen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, Cabrera de Leon, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cameron, Christine, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cherkaoui Dekkaki, Imane, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T., Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dzakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Elliott, Paul, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Bonet Gorbea, Mariano, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Hernandez Cadena, Leticia, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Maria Huerta, Jose, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, Ismail, Aziz al-Safi, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jozwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Karki, Khem B., Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Kengne, Andre P., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimaki, Terho, Leon-Munoz, Luz M., Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Fernanda Lima-Costa, M., Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Eugenio Lozano, Jose, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magriplis, Emmanuella, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., Posso, Anselmo J. Mc Donald, McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E., Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Claudia S., Francisco, Juan, Jaime Miranda, J., Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A., Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mollehave, Line T., Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P., Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria L., Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Narake, Sameer, Nauck, Matthias, Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Eva, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Nguyen, Quang V., Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Niiranen, Teemu J., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O., Azahadi, Mohd, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Nikhil D., Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Son Thai Pham, Son Thai Pham, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Polasek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puder, Jardena J., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Tran Quoc Bao, Tran Quoc Bao, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Reina, Daniel A. Rangel, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., dos Santos, Renata Nunes, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schoettker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Jerome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Stathopoulou, Maria G., Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stoeckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G., Tai, E. Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H., Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topor-Madry, Roman, Jose Tormo, Maria, Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E., Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Van Herck, Koen, Hoang Van Minh, Hoang Van Minh, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G., Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wanderley, Rildo S., Jr., Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Justin Y. Y., Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Wu, Aleksander Giwercman, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, and Cisneros, Julio Zuniga

Subjects
hypertension, Blood pressure, global health, sense organs, population health, non-communicable disease
Abstract

Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group-and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the high-income Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups.

Published
2018

6. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure : a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

Author

Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, James, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R., Jackson, Rod T., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundström, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S., Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B., Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, Cabrera de Leon, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cameron, Christine, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cherkaoui Dekkaki, Imane, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T., Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dzakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Elliott, Paul, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Bonet Gorbea, Mariano, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Hernandez Cadena, Leticia, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Maria Huerta, Jose, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, Ismail, Aziz al-Safi, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jozwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Karki, Khem B., Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Kengne, Andre P., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimaki, Terho, Leon-Munoz, Luz M., Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Fernanda Lima-Costa, M., Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Eugenio Lozano, Jose, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magriplis, Emmanuella, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., Posso, Anselmo J. Mc Donald, McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E., Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Claudia S., Francisco, Juan, Jaime Miranda, J., Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A., Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mollehave, Line T., Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P., Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria L., Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Narake, Sameer, Nauck, Matthias, Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Eva, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, D. Nguyen, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nguyen, Quang V., Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Niiranen, Teemu J., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O., Azahadi, Mohd, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Nikhil D., Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Pham, Son Thai, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Polasek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puder, Jardena J., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Reina, Daniel A. Rangel, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., dos Santos, Renata Nunes, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schoettker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Jerome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Stathopoulou, Maria G., Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stoeckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G., Tai, E. Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H., Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topor-Madry, Roman, Jose Tormo, Maria, Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E., Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Van Herck, Koen, Minh, Hoang Van, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G., Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wanderley, Rildo S., Jr., Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Justin Y. Y., Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Wu, Aleksander Giwercman, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, James, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R., Jackson, Rod T., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundström, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S., Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H.B., Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, Cabrera de Leon, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cameron, Christine, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cherkaoui Dekkaki, Imane, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T., Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dzakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Elliott, Paul, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Bonet Gorbea, Mariano, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjaer, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Hernandez Cadena, Leticia, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Maria Huerta, Jose, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. 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G., Kengne, Andre P., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Bao, Khanh Le Nguyen, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimaki, Terho, Leon-Munoz, Luz M., Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Fernanda Lima-Costa, M., Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Eugenio Lozano, Jose, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magriplis, Emmanuella, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., Posso, Anselmo J. Mc Donald, McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E., Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Claudia S., Francisco, Juan, Jaime Miranda, J., Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A., Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mollehave, Line T., Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P., Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria L., Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Narake, Sameer, Nauck, Matthias, Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Eva, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, D. Nguyen, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nguyen, Quang V., Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Niiranen, Teemu J., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O., Azahadi, Mohd, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Nikhil D., Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Pham, Son Thai, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Polasek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puder, Jardena J., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Reina, Daniel A. Rangel, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., dos Santos, Renata Nunes, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schoettker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sorensen, Thorkild I. 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Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Justin Y. Y., Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Wu, Aleksander Giwercman, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, and Cisneros, Julio Zuniga

Abstract

Background Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20–29 years to 70–79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probit-transformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results In 2005–16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the high-income Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions Change in mean blood pressure is the main dr, NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) Members are listed at the end of the paper

Published
2018
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7. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

Author

Epi Kanker Team 1, Cancer, JC onderzoeksprogramma Kanker, Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Public Health Epidemiologie, Child Health, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 7, Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, James, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R., Jackson, Rod T., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundstrom, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Angquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. 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P., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puder, Jardena J., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Tran Quoc Bao, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Reina, Daniel A. Rangel, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., dos Santos, Renata Nunes, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schoettker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sorensen, Thorkild I. 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R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., dos Santos, Renata Nunes, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schoettker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sorensen, Thorkild I. A., Jerome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Stathopoulou, Maria G., Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stoeckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G., Tai, E. Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H., Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topor-Madry, Roman, Jose Tormo, Maria, Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E., Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Van Herck, Koen, Hoang Van Minh, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G., Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wanderley, Rildo S., Jr., Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Justin Y. Y., Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Wu, Aleksander Giwercman, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, and Cisneros, Julio Zuniga

Published
2018

8. Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure:a pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

Author

Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, James, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R., Jackson, Rod T., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundstrom, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Ängquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S., Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, Cabrera de Leon, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cameron, Christine, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cherkaoui Dekkaki, Imane, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T., Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dzakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Elliott, Paul, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Bonet Gorbea, Mariano, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjær, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Hernandez Cadena, Leticia, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Maria Huerta, Jose, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, Ismail, Aziz al-Safi, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jozwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Karki, Khem B., Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Kengne, Andre P., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimaki, Terho, Leon-Munoz, Luz M., Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Fernanda Lima-Costa, M., Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Eugenio Lozano, Jose, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magriplis, Emmanuella, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., Posso, Anselmo J. Mc Donald, McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E., Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Claudia S., Francisco, Juan, Jaime Miranda, J., Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A., Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mollehave, Line T., Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P., Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria L., Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Narake, Sameer, Nauck, Matthias, Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Eva, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Nguyen, Quang V., Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Niiranen, Teemu J., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O., Azahadi, Mohd, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Nikhil D., Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Son Thai Pham, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Polasek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puder, Jardena J., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Tran Quoc Bao, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Reina, Daniel A. Rangel, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., dos Santos, Renata Nunes, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schoettker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Jerome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Stathopoulou, Maria G., Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stoeckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G., Tai, E. Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H., Tjønneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topor-Madry, Roman, Jose Tormo, Maria, Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E., Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Van Herck, Koen, Hoang Van Minh, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G., Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wanderley, Rildo S., Jr., Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Justin Y. Y., Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Wu, Aleksander Giwercman, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, Cisneros, Julio Zuniga, Zhou, Bin, Bentham, James, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Bixby, Honor, Danaei, Goodarz, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Taddei, Cristina, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Djalalinia, Shirin, Khatibzadeh, Shahab, Lugero, Charles, Peykari, Niloofar, Zhang, Wan Zhu, Bennett, James, Bilano, Ver, Stevens, Gretchen A., Cowan, Melanie J., Riley, Leanne M., Chen, Zhengming, Hambleton, Ian R., Jackson, Rod T., Kengne, Andre Pascal, Khang, Young-Ho, Laxmaiah, Avula, Liu, Jing, Malekzadeh, Reza, Neuhauser, Hannelore K., Soric, Maroje, Starc, Gregor, Sundstrom, Johan, Woodward, Mark, Ezzati, Majid, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Abdeen, Ziad A., Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Afsana, Kaosar, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadvand, Alireza, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Akhtaeva, Nazgul, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Ali, Mohamed M., Ali, Osman, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Amuzu, Antoinette, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Ängquist, Lars H., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansong, Daniel, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assah, Felix K., Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Babu, Bontha V., Bahijri, Suhad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Barros, Aluisio J. D., Barros, Mauro V., Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benet, Mikhail, Benson, Lowell S., Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhagyalaxmi, Aroor, Bharadwaj, Sumit, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjertness, Espen, Bjertness, Marius B., Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Bobak, Martin, Boeing, Heiner, Boggia, Jose G., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Bongard, Vanina, Borchini, Rossana, Bovet, Pascal, Braeckman, Lutgart, Brajkovich, Imperia, Branca, Francesco, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brenner, Hermann, Brewster, Lizzy M., Bruno, Graziella, Bueno-de-Mesquita, Bugge, Anna, Burns, Con, Bursztyn, Michael, Cabrera de Leon, Antonio, Cacciottolo, Joseph, Cai, Hui, Cameron, Christine, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Cardoso, Viviane C., Carlsson, Axel C., Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Casas, Juan-Pablo, Caserta, Carmelo A., Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chan, Angelique W., Chan, Queenie, Chaturvedi, Himanshu K., Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Huashuai, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Cherkaoui Dekkaki, Imane, Chetrit, Angela, Chiolero, Arnaud, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Chirita-Emandi, Adela, Chirlaque, Maria-Dolores, Cho, Belong, Cho, Yumi, Christofaro, Diego G., Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Cinteza, Eliza, Claessens, Frank, Clays, Els, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Coppinger, Tara C., Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Craig, Cora L., Crujeiras, Ana B., Cruz, Juan J., D'Arrigo, Graziella, d'Orsi, Eleonora, Dallongeville, Jean, Damasceno, Albertino, Dankner, Rachel, Dantoft, Thomas M., Dauchet, Luc, Davletov, Kairat, De Backer, Guy, De Bacquer, Dirk, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, de Oliveira, Paula Duarte, De Smedt, Delphine, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Delisle, Helene, Deschamps, Valerie, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Dias-da-Costa, Juvenal Soares, Diaz, Alejandro, Dickerson, Ty T., Do, Ha T. P., Dobson, Annette J., Donfrancesco, Chiara, Donoso, Silvana P., Doering, Angela, Dorobantu, Maria, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Dulskiene, Virginija, Dzakula, Aleksandar, Dzerve, Vilnis, Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Elzbieta, Eggertsen, Robert, Ekelund, Ulf, El Ati, Jalila, Elliott, Paul, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Eriksen, Louise, Eriksson, Johan G., Escobedo-de la Pena, Jorge, Evans, Alun, Faeh, David, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandes, Romulo A., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrante, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Ferrieres, Jean, Finn, Joseph D., Fischer, Krista, Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Forslund, Ann-Sofie, Forsner, Maria, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Fuchs, Flavio D., Fuchs, Sandra C., Fujita, Yuki, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galvano, Fabio, Garcia-de-la-Hera, Manoli, Gareta, Dickman, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemian, Anoosheh, Ghimire, Anup, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Gill, Tiffany K., Giovannelli, Jonathan, Goldsmith, Rebecca A., Goncalves, Helen, Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela, Gonzalez-Rivas, Juan P., Bonet Gorbea, Mariano, Gottrand, Frederic, Graff-Iversen, Sidsel, Grafnetter, Dusan, Grajda, Aneta, Grammatikopoulou, Maria G., Gregor, Ronald D., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gruden, Gabriella, Grujic, Vera, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Gudmundsson, Elias F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gulliford, Martin C., Gunnlaugsdottir, Johanna, Gunter, Marc, Gupta, Prakash C., Gupta, Rajeev, Gureje, Oye, Gurzkowska, Beata, Gutierrez, Laura, Gutzwiller, Felix, Hadaegh, Farzad, Halkjær, Jytte, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, Hata, Jun, Hayes, Alison J., He, Jiang, He, Yuna, Hendriks, Marleen Elisabeth, Henriques, Ana, Hernandez Cadena, Leticia, Herrala, Sauli, Heshmat, Ramin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hobbs, Michael, Hofman, Albert, Dinc, Gonul Horasan, Horimoto, Andrea R. V. R., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Howitt, Christina, Htay, Thein Thein, Htet, Aung Soe, Htike, Maung Maung Than, Hu, Yonghua, Maria Huerta, Jose, Huisman, Martijn, Husseini, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Wong, Norazizah Ibrahim, Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, Ismail, Aziz al-Safi, Ivkovic, Vanja, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jaddou, Hashem, Jafar, Tazeen, Jamrozik, Konrad, Janszky, Imre, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jelakovic, Ana, Jelakovic, Bojan, Jennings, Garry, Jeong, Seung-lyeal, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Joffres, Michel, Johansson, Mattias, Jokelainen, Jari J., Jonas, Jost B., Jorgensen, Torben, Joshi, Pradeep, Jozwiak, Jacek, Juolevi, Anne, Jurak, Gregor, Juresa, Vesna, Kaaks, Rudolf, Kafatos, Anthony, Kajantie, Eero O., Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kamaruddin, Nor Azmi, Karki, Khem B., Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kauhanen, Jussi, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kazakbaeva, Gyulli, Keil, Ulrich, Boker, Lital Keinan, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Kelishadi, Roya, Kemper, Han C. G., Kengne, Andre P., Kerimkulova, Alina, Kersting, Mathilde, Key, Timothy, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khalili, Davood, Khateeb, Mohammad, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer, Ursula, Kiechl, Stefan, Killewo, Japhet, Kim, Jeongseon, Kim, Yeon-Yong, Klumbiene, Jurate, Knoflach, Michael, Kolle, Elin, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kouda, Katsuyasu, Kowlessur, Sudhir, Koziel, Slawomir, Kriemler, Susi, Kristensen, Peter Lund, Krokstad, Steinar, Kromhout, Daan, Kruger, Herculina S., Kubinova, Ruzena, Kuciene, Renata, Kuh, Diana, Kujala, Urho M., Kulaga, Zbigniew, Kumar, R. Krishna, Kurjata, Pawel, Kusuma, Yadlapalli S., Kuulasmaa, Kari, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Laatikainen, Tiina, Lachat, Carl, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Larijani, Bagher, Laugsand, Lars E., Khanh Le Nguyen Bao, Le, Tuyen D., Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimaki, Terho, Leon-Munoz, Luz M., Levitt, Naomi S., Li, Yanping, Lilly, Christa L., Lim, Wei-Yen, Fernanda Lima-Costa, M., Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lind, Lars, Linneberg, Allan, Lissner, Lauren, Litwin, Mieczyslaw, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lotufo, Paulo A., Eugenio Lozano, Jose, Luksiene, Dalia, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lunet, Nuno, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Jun, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J., Magriplis, Emmanuella, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia, Manios, Yannis, Mann, Jim I., Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martorell, Reynaldo, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B., Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., Posso, Anselmo J. Mc Donald, McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M., McLean, Scott B., McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Medzioniene, Jurate, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Menon, Geetha R., Meshram, Indrapal I., Metspalu, Andres, Meyer, Haakon E., Mi, Jie, Mikkel, Kairit, Miller, Jody C., Minderico, Claudia S., Francisco, Juan, Jaime Miranda, J., Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Modesti, Pietro A., Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mollehave, Line T., Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Momenan, Amirabbas, Mondo, Charles K., Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K., Moon, Jin Soo, Moreira, Leila B., Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Msyamboza, Kelias P., Mu, Thet Thet, Muiesan, Maria L., Mueller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Musil, Vera, Nabipour, Iraj, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M., Nakamura, Harunobu, Namesna, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Narake, Sameer, Nauck, Matthias, Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Eva, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Neal, William A., Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T., Nguyen, D. Nguyen, Quang Ngoc Nguyen, Nguyen, Quang V., Nieto-Martinez, Ramfis E., Niiranen, Teemu J., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A., Noorbala, Ahmad Ali, Norat, Teresa, Noto, Davide, Al Nsour, Mohannad, O'Reilly, Dermot, Oda, Eiji, Oehlers, Glenn, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Olinto, Maria Teresa A., Oliveira, Isabel O., Azahadi, Mohd, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M., Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M., Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A., Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Ellis, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pahomova, Elena, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrios, Park, Soon-Woo, Parnell, Winsome R., Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Patel, Nikhil D., Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S., Peer, Nasheeta, Peeters, Petra H., Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Son Thai Pham, Pigeot, Iris, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Polasek, Ozren, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Prashant, Mathur, Price, Jacqueline F., Puder, Jardena J., Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Tran Quoc Bao, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricardas, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Elisabete, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Reina, Daniel A. Rangel, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Rigo, Fernando, de Wit, Tobias F. Rinke, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M., Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, Maria, Rodriguez-Villamizar, Laura A., Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Ronkainen, Kimmo, Rosengren, Annika, Roy, Joel G. R., Rubinstein, Adolfo, Sandra Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salazar Martinez, Eduardo, Salmeron, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Sans, Susana, Santos, Diana A., Santos, Ina S., dos Santos, Renata Nunes, Santos, Rute, Saramies, Jouko L., Sardinha, Luis B., Sarganas, Giselle, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savvas, Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O., Schoettker, Ben, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E., Sein, Aye Aye, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O., Sepanlou, Sadaf G., Sharma, Sanjib K., Shaw, Jonathan E., Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Dong Wook, Shin, Youchan, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Santos Silva, Diego Augusto, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Skovbjerg, Sine, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Smith, Margaret C., Snijder, Marieke B., So, Hung-Kwan, Sobngwi, Eugene, Soderberg, Stefan, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild I. A., Jerome, Charles Sossa, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Stathopoulou, Maria G., Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stergiou, George S., Stessman, Jochanan, Stieber, Jutta, Stoeckl, Doris, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sung, Yn-Tz, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G., Tai, E. Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Liis, Tamosiunas, Abdonas, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Tautu, Oana-Florentina, Taylor, Anne, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thuesen, Betina H., Tjønneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K., Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Topor-Madry, Roman, Jose Tormo, Maria, Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trichopoulos, Dimitrios, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L., Tynelius, Per, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice E., Ulmer, Hanno, Uusitalo, Hannu M. T., Valdivia, Gonzalo, Valvi, Damaskini, van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Van Herck, Koen, Hoang Van Minh, van Rossem, Lenie, Van Schoor, Natasja M., van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vatten, Lars, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, W. M. Monique, Verstraeten, Roosmarijn, Victora, Cesar G., Viet, Lucie, Viikari-Juntura, Eira, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki K., Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wanderley, Rildo S., Jr., Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Qian, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Wareham, Nicholas, Wedderkopp, Niels, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S., Wiecek, Andrzej, Wijga, Alet H., Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Emmanuel A., Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A., Wong, Justin Y. Y., Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Wu, Aleksander Giwercman, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zainuddin, Ahmad Ali, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antonis, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zeng, Yi, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zhu, Dan, Zhussupov, Baurzhan, Zimmermann, Esther, and Cisneros, Julio Zuniga

Published
2018

11. Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331 288 participants

Author

Danaei, Goodarz, Fahimi, Saman, Lu, Yuan, Zhou, Bin, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Lo, Wei-Cheng, Reis-Santos, Barbara, Cowan, Melanie J., Shaw, Jonathan E., Bentham, James, Lin, John K., Bixby, Honor, Magliano, Dianna, Bovet, Pascal, Miranda, J. Jaime, Khang, Young-Ho, Stevens, Gretchen A., Riley, Leanne M., Ali, Mohammed K., Ezzati, Majid, Abdeen, Ziad A., Kadir, Khalid Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Ahmadvand, Alireza, Al Nsour, Mohannad, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Andrade, Dolores S., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Assah, Felix K., Avdicova, Maria, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bandosz, Piotr, Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Batieha, Anwar M., Baur, Louise A., Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blake, Margaret, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Boehm, Bernhard O., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Brajkovich, Imperia, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Bruno, Graziella, Bugge, Anna, de Leon, Antonio Cabrera, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Caserta, Carmelo A., Castetbon, Katia, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chetrit, Angela, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Cho, Yumi, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Claessens, Frank, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Crujeiras, Ana B., D'Arrigo, Graziella, Dallongeville, Jean, Dankner, Rachel, Dauchet, Luc, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Djalalinia, Shirin, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Du, Yong, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, El Ati, Jalila, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Ergor, Gul, Eriksen, Louise, la Penaa, Jorge Escobedo-De, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Finn, Joseph D., Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera-Juan, Guillem, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemain, Anoosheh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gross, Marcela Gonzalez, Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez, Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Grant, Janet F., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Gruden, Grabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gutierrez, Laura, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, He, Jiang, Heidemann, Christin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hofman, Albert, Russo, Andrea R. V., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Hussieni, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. 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Vincenzo, Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Caserta, Carmelo A., Castetbon, Katia, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chetrit, Angela, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Cho, Yumi, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Claessens, Frank, Concin, Han, Cooper, Cyru, Cooper, Rachel, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chri, Crujeiras, Ana B., D'Arrigo, Graziella, Dallongeville, Jean, Dankner, Rachel, Dauchet, Luc, de Gaetano, Giovanni, de Henauw, Stefaan, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abba, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Djalalinia, Shirin, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Du, Yong, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, Ati, Jalila El, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Ergor, Gul, Eriksen, Louise, Escobedo-de la Peña, Jorge, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernández-Bergés, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Finn, Joseph D., Föger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., do Carmo Franco, Maria, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemain, Anoosheh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gross, Marcela Gonzalez, González Rivas, Juan P., Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Grant, Janet F., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grøntved, Ander, Gruden, Grabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idri, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gutierrez, Laura, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, He, Jiang, Heidemann, Christin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hofman, Albert, Russo Horimoto, Andrea R.V., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Hussieni, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, Arfan M., Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jafar, Tazeen, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jonas, Jost B., Joshi, Pradeep, Kafatos, Anthony, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kelishadi, Roya, Kengne, Andre P., Kersting, Mathilde, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Kiechl, Stefan, Kim, Jeongseon, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kromhout, Daan, Kula, Krzysztof, Kurjata, Pawel, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Laxmaiah, Avula, Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimäki, Terho, Lekhraj, Rampal, León-Muñoz, Luz M., Li, Yanping, Lim, Wei-Yen, Fernanda Lima-Costa, M., Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lissner, Lauren, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lozano, José Eugenio, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Machado-Coelho, George L.L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, 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Valdivia, Gonzalo, van Valkengoed, Irene G.M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vega, Toma, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, Monique, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ya Xing, Wannamethee, S Goya, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Aleksander Giwercman, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shou Ling, Xu, Haiquan, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Zambon, Sabina, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Yingfeng, and Wellcome Trust

Subjects
Male, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Global Health, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, education.field_of_study, Diabetis, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.18 [https], Diabetes Mellitus/blood/diagnosis/epidemiology, Sciences bio-médicales et agricoles, adulto, sensibilidad y especificidad, health survey, 3. Good health, priority journal, CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE, diabetes mellitus, medicine.medical_specialty, glucosa sanguínea, Survey sampling, oral glucose tolerance test, Medical sciences, Sensitivity and Specificity, Article, Internal Medicine, Effects of diabetes, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, false positive result, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Diabetes prevalence, Diabetes Mellitus, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Humans, human, diagnostic test accuracy study, gross national product, OLDER-ADULTS, education, prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa, glycosylated hemoglobin, HEMOGLOBIN A(1C) MEASUREMENT, VLAG, Glycated Hemoglobin, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, Science & Technology, Blood Glucose/metabolism, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Glucose Tolerance Test, economic aspect, medicine.disease, glucose blood level, Glucose, age, chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Glucosa, Global surveillance of diabetes, TOLERANCE TEST, WORLDWIDE STANDARDIZATION, Biomarkers, Biomedical sciences, Blood Glucose, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, Nutrition and Disease, humanos, Biomarkers/metabolism, geography, chemistry.chemical_compound, Voeding en Ziekte, Diagnosis, Prevalence, Medicine and Health Sciences, vigilancia centinela, 030212 general & internal medicine, hemoglobin A1c, US POPULATION, Diabetes diagnosis, Glucose tolerance test, INSULIN-RESISTANCE, medicine.diagnostic_test, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Diabetes, prevalencia, SCREENING-TEST, health, Articles, Glucose blood, Diabetes and Metabolism, income, Population-based health examination surveys, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Adult, Population, population group, CONSENSUS STATEMENT, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN, high income region, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Insulin resistance, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, blood, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, parasitic diseases, Journal Article, medicine, Life Science, ddc:613, business.industry, Insulin, body mass, Biological marker, FASTING PLASMA-GLUCOSE, Ciencias socio biomédicas, Glycated hemoglobin, business, metabolism, Sentinel Surveillance
Abstract

Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA1c. We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions., 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2015
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12. Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis : a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants

Author

Danaei, Goodarz, Fahimi, Saman, Lu, Yuan, Zhou, Bin, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Lo, Wei-Cheng, Reis-Santos, Barbara, Cowan, Melanie J., Shaw, Jonathan E., Bentham, James, Lin, John K., Bixby, Honor, Magliano, Dianna, Bovet, Pascal, Miranda, J. Jaime, Khang, Young-Ho, Stevens, Gretchen A., Riley, Leanne M., Ali, Mohammed K., Ezzati, Majid, Abdeen, Ziad A., Kadir, Khalid Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Ahmadvand, Alireza, Al Nsour, Mohannad, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Andrade, Dolores S., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Assah, Felix K., Avdicova, Maria, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bandosz, Piotr, Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Batieha, Anwar M., Baur, Louise A., Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blake, Margaret, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Boehm, Bernhard O., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Brajkovich, Imperia, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Bruno, Graziella, Bugge, Anna, de Leon, Antonio Cabrera, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Caserta, Carmelo A., Castetbon, Katia, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chetrit, Angela, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Cho, Yumi, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Claessens, Frank, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Crujeiras, Ana B., D'Arrigo, Graziella, Dallongeville, Jean, Dankner, Rachel, Dauchet, Luc, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Djalalinia, Shirin, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Du, Yong, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, El Ati, Jalila, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Ergor, Gul, Eriksen, Louise, la Penaa, Jorge Escobedo-De, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Finn, Joseph D., Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemain, Anoosheh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gross, Marcela Gonzalez, Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez, Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Grant, Janet F., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Gruden, Grabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gutierrez, Laura, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, He, Jiang, Heidemann, Christin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hofman, Albert, Russo, Andrea R. V., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Hussieni, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jafar, Tazeen, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jonas, Jost B., Joshi, Pradeep, Kafatos, Anthony, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kelishadi, Roya, Kengne, Andre P., Kersting, Mathilde, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Kiechl, Stefan, Kim, Jeongseon, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kromhout, Daan, Kula, Krzysztof, Kurjata, Pawel, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Laxmaiah, Avula, Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimaki, Terho, Lekhraj, Rampal, Leon-Munoz, Luz M., Li, Yanping, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lissner, Lauren, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lozano, Jose Eugenio, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Makdisse, Marcia, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Manios, Yannis, Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Martorell, Reynaldo, Masoodi, Shariq R., Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Merat, Shahin, Meshram, Indrapal I., Mi, Jie, Miquel, Juan Francisco, Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohan, Viswanathan, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Mondo, Charles K., Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Muiesan, Maria L., Muller-Nurasyid, Martina, Mursu, Jaakko, Nagel, Gabriele, Namesna, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Maria, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nieto-Martinez, Ramfi S. E., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Noale, Marianna, Noto, Davide, Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M., Oh, Kyungwon, Onat, Altan, Osmond, Clive, Otero, Johanna A., Palmieri, Luigi, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peters, Annette, Peykari, Niloofar, Pilav, Aida, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Piwonski, Jerzy, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Jacqueline F., Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Raitakari, Olli, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Sanjay, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Rigo, Fernando, Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez, Laura A., Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Rosengren, Annika, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rui, Ornelas, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Nunes, Renata, Santos, Rute, Sardinha, Luis B., Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Scheidt-Nave, Christa, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Youchan, Shiri, Rahman, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Snijder, Marieke B., Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stessman, Jochanan, Stockl, Doris, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sundström, Johan, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G., Tai, E. Shyong, Tarawneh, Mohammed, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Thijs, Lutgarde, Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Turley, Maria L., Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ukoli, Flora M., Ulmer, Hanno, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, Monique, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ya Xing, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Aleksander Giwercman, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shou Ling, Xu, Haiquan, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Zambon, Sabina, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zhao, Wenhua, Zheng, Yingfeng, Danaei, Goodarz, Fahimi, Saman, Lu, Yuan, Zhou, Bin, Hajifathalian, Kaveh, Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Lo, Wei-Cheng, Reis-Santos, Barbara, Cowan, Melanie J., Shaw, Jonathan E., Bentham, James, Lin, John K., Bixby, Honor, Magliano, Dianna, Bovet, Pascal, Miranda, J. Jaime, Khang, Young-Ho, Stevens, Gretchen A., Riley, Leanne M., Ali, Mohammed K., Ezzati, Majid, Abdeen, Ziad A., Kadir, Khalid Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Aekplakorn, Wichai, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Ahmadvand, Alireza, Al Nsour, Mohannad, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Andrade, Dolores S., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Aris, Tahir, Arlappa, Nimmathota, Arveiler, Dominique, Assah, Felix K., Avdicova, Maria, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bandosz, Piotr, Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Batieha, Anwar M., Baur, Louise A., Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bjerregaard, Peter, Bjorkelund, Cecilia, Blake, Margaret, Blokstra, Anneke, Bo, Simona, Boehm, Bernhard O., Boissonnet, Carlos P., Brajkovich, Imperia, Breckenkamp, Juergen, Brewster, Lizzy M., Brian, Garry R., Bruno, Graziella, Bugge, Anna, de Leon, Antonio Cabrera, Can, Gunay, Candido, Ana Paula C., Capuano, Vincenzo, Carvalho, Maria J., Casanueva, Felipe F., Caserta, Carmelo A., Castetbon, Katia, Chamukuttan, Snehalatha, Chaturvedi, Nishi, Chen, Chien-Jen, Chen, Fangfang, Chen, Shuohua, Cheng, Ching-Yu, Chetrit, Angela, Chiou, Shu-Ti, Cho, Yumi, Chudek, Jerzy, Cifkova, Renata, Claessens, Frank, Concin, Hans, Cooper, Cyrus, Cooper, Rachel, Costanzo, Simona, Cottel, Dominique, Cowell, Chris, Crujeiras, Ana B., D'Arrigo, Graziella, Dallongeville, Jean, Dankner, Rachel, Dauchet, Luc, de Gaetano, Giovanni, De Henauw, Stefaan, Deepa, Mohan, Dehghan, Abbas, Dhana, Klodian, Di Castelnuovo, Augusto F., Djalalinia, Shirin, Doua, Kouamelan, Drygas, Wojciech, Du, Yong, Egbagbe, Eruke E., Eggertsen, Robert, El Ati, Jalila, Elosua, Roberto, Erasmus, Rajiv T., Erem, Cihangir, Ergor, Gul, Eriksen, Louise, la Penaa, Jorge Escobedo-De, Fall, Caroline H., Farzadfar, Farshad, Felix-Redondo, Francisco J., Ferguson, Trevor S., Fernandez-Berges, Daniel, Ferrari, Marika, Ferreccio, Catterina, Finn, Joseph D., Foger, Bernhard, Foo, Leng Huat, Fouad, Heba M., Francis, Damian K., Franco, Maria do Carmo, Franco, Oscar H., Frontera, Guillermo, Furusawa, Takuro, Gaciong, Zbigniew, Galbarczyk, Andrzej, Garnett, Sarah P., Gaspoz, Jean-Michel, Gasull, Magda, Gates, Louise, Geleijnse, Johanna M., Ghasemain, Anoosheh, Giampaoli, Simona, Gianfagna, Francesco, Giovannelli, Jonathan, Gross, Marcela Gonzalez, Rivas, Juan P. Gonzalez, Gorbea, Mariano Bonet, Gottrand, Frederic, Grant, Janet F., Grodzicki, Tomasz, Grontved, Anders, Gruden, Grabriella, Gu, Dongfeng, Guan, Ong Peng, Guerrero, Ramiro, Guessous, Idris, Guimaraes, Andre L., Gutierrez, Laura, Hardy, Rebecca, Kumar, Rachakulla Hari, He, Jiang, Heidemann, Christin, Hihtaniemi, Ilpo Tapani, Ho, Sai Yin, Ho, Suzanne C., Hofman, Albert, Russo, Andrea R. V., Hormiga, Claudia M., Horta, Bernardo L., Houti, Leila, Hussieni, Abdullatif S., Huybrechts, Inge, Hwalla, Nahla, Iacoviello, Licia, Iannone, Anna G., Ibrahim, Mohsen M., Ikeda, Nayu, Ikram, M. Arfan, Irazola, Vilma E., Islam, Muhammad, Iwasaki, Masanori, Jacobs, Jeremy M., Jafar, Tazeen, Jasienska, Grazyna, Jiang, Chao Qiang, Jonas, Jost B., Joshi, Pradeep, Kafatos, Anthony, Kalter-Leibovici, Ofra, Kasaeian, Amir, Katz, Joanne, Kaur, Prabhdeep, Kavousi, Maryam, Kelishadi, Roya, Kengne, Andre P., Kersting, Mathilde, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Kiechl, Stefan, Kim, Jeongseon, Kiyohara, Yutaka, Kolsteren, Patrick, Korrovits, Paul, Koskinen, Seppo, Kratzer, Wolfgang, Kromhout, Daan, Kula, Krzysztof, Kurjata, Pawel, Kyobutungi, Catherine, Lachat, Carl, Laid, Youcef, Lam, Tai Hing, Landrove, Orlando, Lanska, Vera, Lappas, Georg, Laxmaiah, Avula, Leclercq, Catherine, Lee, Jeannette, Lee, Jeonghee, Lehtimaki, Terho, Lekhraj, Rampal, Leon-Munoz, Luz M., Li, Yanping, Lim, Wei-Yen, Lima-Costa, M. Fernanda, Lin, Hsien-Ho, Lin, Xu, Lissner, Lauren, Lorbeer, Roberto, Lozano, Jose Eugenio, Lundqvist, Annamari, Lytsy, Per, Ma, Guansheng, Machado-Coelho, George L. L., Machi, Suka, Maggi, Stefania, Makdisse, Marcia, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Manios, Yannis, Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Martorell, Reynaldo, Masoodi, Shariq R., Matsha, Tandi E., Mbanya, Jean Claude N., McFarlane, Shelly R., McGarvey, Stephen T., McLachlan, Stela, McNulty, Breige A., Mediene-Benchekor, Sounnia, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Menezes, Ana Maria B., Merat, Shahin, Meshram, Indrapal I., Mi, Jie, Miquel, Juan Francisco, Mohamed, Mostafa K., Mohammad, Kazem, Mohan, Viswanathan, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Moller, Niels C., Molnar, Denes, Mondo, Charles K., Moreno, Luis A., Morgan, Karen, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota, Jorge, Muiesan, Maria L., Muller-Nurasyid, Martina, Mursu, Jaakko, Nagel, Gabriele, Namesna, Jana, Nang, Ei Ei K., Nangia, Vinay B., Navarrete-Munoz, Eva Maria, Ndiaye, Ndeye Coumba, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Nguyen D., Nieto-Martinez, Ramfi S. E., Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Noale, Marianna, Noto, Davide, Ochoa-Aviles, Angelica M., Oh, Kyungwon, Onat, Altan, Osmond, Clive, Otero, Johanna A., Palmieri, Luigi, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Panza, Francesco, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Pereira, Alexandre C., Peters, Annette, Peykari, Niloofar, Pilav, Aida, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Piwonski, Jerzy, Plans-Rubio, Pedro, Porta, Miquel, Portegies, Marileen L. P., Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Jacqueline F., Punab, Margus, Qasrawi, Radwan F., Qorbani, Mostafa, Raitakari, Olli, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Sanjay, Rathmann, Wolfgang, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M., Rigo, Fernando, Robinson, Sian M., Robitaille, Cynthia, Rodriguez, Laura A., Rodriguez-Artalejo, Fernando, Rodriguez-Perez, Maria del Cristo, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Romaguera, Dora, Rosengren, Annika, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rui, Ornelas, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sachdev, Harshpal S., Saidi, Olfa, Sakarya, Sibel, Salanave, Benoit, Salonen, Jukka T., Salvetti, Massimo, Sanchez-Abanto, Jose, Nunes, Renata, Santos, Rute, Sardinha, Luis B., Scazufca, Marcia, Schargrodsky, Herman, Scheidt-Nave, Christa, Shibuya, Kenji, Shin, Youchan, Shiri, Rahman, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M., Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A., Sjostrom, Michael, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, Snijder, Marieke B., Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Sonestedt, Emily, Soumare, Aicha, Staessen, Jan A., Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D., Stessman, Jochanan, Stockl, Doris, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sun, Chien-An, Sundström, Johan, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Sy, Rody G., Tai, E. Shyong, Tarawneh, Mohammed, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B., Thijs, Lutgarde, Tolstrup, Janne S., Topbas, Murat, Torrent, Maties, Traissac, Pierre, Trinh, Oanh T. H., Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K., Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Turley, Maria L., Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ukoli, Flora M., Ulmer, Hanno, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Van Valkengoed, Irene G. M., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Vega, Tomas, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, Monique, Vioque, Jesus, Virtanen, Jyrki, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vollenweider, Peter, Voutilainen, Sari, Wade, Alisha N., Wagner, Aline, Walton, Janette, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ya Xing, Wannamethee, S. Goya, Weerasekera, Deepa, Whincup, Peter H., Widhalm, Kurt, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J., Willeit, Johann, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Aleksander Giwercman, Wu, Frederick C., Wu, Shou Ling, Xu, Haiquan, Yang, Xiaoguang, Ye, Xingwang, Yoshihara, Akihiro, Younger-Coleman, Novie O., Zambon, Sabina, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zhao, Wenhua, and Zheng, Yingfeng

Abstract

Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41

Published
2015
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13. The FIELD study

Author

Foger, Bernhard, Sirtori, Cesare R., Keech, A., Simes, R.J., Barter, P., Best, J., Scott, R., and Taskinen, M.-R.

Published
2006

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