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In IETS Task XVIII Digitalization, Artificial Intelligence and Related Technologies for Energy Efficiency and GHG Emissions Reduction in Industry we are working on identifying technologies that can be applied in industry to increase the energy efficiency and ultimately reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Subtask 2 of IETS Task XVIII focuses on Methods and Applications of Digital Twins (DT) to promote the application of DTs in industry, in order to improve energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions. Subtask 2 has the following sub-objectives: - Overview of methods and applications of DTs and their requirements for different industry sectors - Analysis of the potential benefits of these methods, focusing on the impact on energy efficiency and GHG emissions reduction - Creation of an international, interdisciplinary network of research and industry Digital Twins have the potential to improve industrial energy systems considerably. Not surprisingly, there has been quite a hype around digital twins during the last years. Though, successful implementations of digital twins in industry are rare and the actual return-on-investment is hard to estimate. For this reason, many companies are still hesitant to employ digital twins. Within Subtask 2, a questionnaire was designed to collect information on the participant’s digital twin projects. The goal was to gain insight on the current state of digital twins in the participant’s companies, to learn about requirements, expectations, and the solutions they chose. The questionnaire was carried out by the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT). The replies were analyzed by a team from AIT, TU Wien, AEE INTEC and Montanuniversität Leoben (MUL).

In IETS Task XVIII Digitalization, Artificial Intelligence and Related Technologies for Energy Efficiency and GHG Emissions Reduction in Industry we are working on identifying technologies that can be applied in industry to increase the energy efficiency and ultimately reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. Subtask 2 of IETS Task XVIII focuses on Methods and Applications of Digital Twins (DT) to promote the application of DTs in industry, in order to improve energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions. Subtask 2 has the following sub-objectives: - Overview of methods and applications of DTs and their requirements for different industry sectors - Analysis of the potential benefits of these methods, focusing on the impact on energy efficiency and GHG emissions reduction - Creation of an international, interdisciplinary network of research and industry Digital Twins have the potential to improve industrial energy systems considerably. Not surprisingly, there has been quite a hype around digital twins during the last years. Though, successful implementations of digital twins in industry are rare and the actual return-on-investment is hard to estimate. For this reason, many companies are still hesitant to employ digital twins. As different definitions of DT exist and potential applications are often indistinct, a uniform description and definition for them is required. Within Subtask 2, an overview of this extensive topic is presented in the form of a Glossary. A literature review was conducted and findings from previous work were collected to clarify the terms and definitions around the topic digital twin., Das Ziel des IEA IETS Task 18, Subtask 2 ist es, ein internationales Netzwerk von Industrie, Technologieanbietern und Forschung zu schaffen, in dem Wissen und neueste Erkenntnisse über digitale Zwillinge für die Erhöhung von Energieeffizienz und die Reduktion von Treibhausgasen in der Industrie ausgetauscht werden. Digitale Zwillinge haben das Potenzial, industrielle Energiesysteme erheblich zu verbessern. Da es unterschiedliche Definitionen von digitaler Zwillingsbildung gibt und die möglichen Anwendungen oft unklar sind, ist eine einheitliche Beschreibung und Definition erforderlich. In Subtask 2 wurde ein Überblick über dieses umfangreiche Thema in Form eines Glossars gegeben. Zur Klärung der Begriffe und Definitionen rund um das Thema Digitaler Zwilling wurde eine Literaturrecherche durchgeführt und Erkenntnisse aus bisherigen Arbeiten zusammengetragen.

Research and Innovation (R&I) on Large-scale Industrial Solar-thermal driven Drying technologies (LISDs) is one of the strategies required to transition to a lowcarbon energy future. The objective for this work is to guide future R&I on LISDs by defining the state of the art, gaps, and opportunities. To provide a high-level perspective on the current state of solar drying research, results are presented from an analysis of the content relevant to LISDs found in 45 solar drying Review Articles published in journals over the past 25 years. A conclusion is that most of the existing solar drying research is not focused on LISDs. To build-on these existing 45 solar drying Review Articles, results are presented from an analysis of 30 Original Research Articles with significant content relevant to LISDs published over the past 5 years. A gap is identified in coupling existing or slightly modified solar thermal collectors with existing or slightly modified industrial drying technologies to create indirect LISDs. To facilitate formulating new coupling strategies, the drying characteristics most relevant to this coupling are described and four fundamental classes of industrial dryer technologies are defined based on the underlying heat transfer mechanism, which then impacts the appropriate collector choice. At their most fundamental level, many of the technologies needed to couple solar collectors and industrial dryers to create novel indirect LISDs are not unique to indirect LISDs, but rather can be generalized across a wide range of Solar Heat for Industrial Processes (SHIP) applications, and integration issues are discussed at a more fundamental SHIP level. The technical and economic characteristics of 19 existing LISDs installations throughout the world are presented, and potential and emerging areas discussed.