Search

Flow, the holistic sensation people experience when they act with total involvement, is a known driver for desired work outcomes like task performance. However, the increasing ubiquity of IT at work can disrupt employees' flow. Thus, the impact of IT-mediated interruptions on flow warrants more attention in research and practice. We conducted a NeuroIS laboratory experiment focusing on a typical office work task--an invoice matching task (i.e., matching customer payments to invoices). We manipulated interruption frequency (low, high) and content relevance (irrelevant, relevant) to study the impact of interruptions on self-reported flow, its dimensions, and high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV; calculated from electrocardiography recordings) as a proxy for parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activation. We found that content relevance moderated the relationship between interruption frequency and self-reported flow and that these results vary along flow dimensions. Content relevance also moderated the relationship between interruption frequency and PNS activation. Furthermore, selfreported flow was positively associated with both perceived and objective task performance, while PNS activation was not related to either performance measure. Lastly, we found no relationship between PNS activation (measured by HF-HRV) and self-reported flow, contributing to an important debate in the NeuroIS literature on whether physiological evidence constitutes an alternative or a complement to selfreports. Overall, our findings indicate that frequent interruptions are not harmful per se. Rather, considering content relevance is critical for a more comprehensive understanding of the effects on selfreported flow, its dimensions, and the underlying physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurements of the elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients are presented for [Formula presented] mesons produced in [Formula presented] hadron decays (nonprompt [Formula presented] mesons) in lead-lead collisions at sNN=5.02TeV. The results are compared with previously published charm meson anisotropies measured using prompt [Formula presented] mesons. The data were collected with the CMS detector in 2018 with an integrated luminosity of 0.58nb−1. Azimuthal anisotropy is sensitive to the interactions of quarks with the hot and dense medium created in heavy ion collisions. Comparing results for prompt and nonprompt [Formula presented] mesons can assist in understanding the mass dependence of these interactions. The nonprompt results show lower magnitudes of v2 and v3 and weaker dependences on the meson transverse momentum and collision centrality than those found for prompt [Formula presented] mesons. The results are in agreement with theoretical predictions that include a mass dependence in the interactions of quarks with the medium.

The azimuthal anisotropy of [Formula presented] mesons in high-multiplicity proton-lead collisions is studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 8.16TeV. The [Formula presented] mesons are reconstructed using their dimuon decay channel. The anisotropy is characterized by the second Fourier harmonic coefficients, found using a two-particle correlation technique, in which the [Formula presented] mesons are correlated with charged hadrons. A large pseudorapidity gap is used to suppress short-range correlations. Nonflow contamination from the dijet background is removed using a low-multiplicity subtraction method, and the results are presented as a function of [Formula presented] transverse momentum. The azimuthal anisotropies are smaller than those found for charmonia in proton-lead collisions at the same collision energy, but are consistent with values found for [Formula presented] mesons in lead-lead interactions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV.

Droughts have major effects on estuaries because freshwater entry is one of the defining features of an estuary, and freshwater flow is an important variable that determines the interannual change in the environment. In the upper San Francisco Estuary (the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, Suisun Bay, and Suisun Marsh), the Mediterranean climate includes frequent multi-year droughts. To assess ecosystem responses to droughts in the upper estuary, the Interagency Ecological Program Drought Synthesis Team assembled a set of flow, water quality, chlorophyll, zooplankton, and fish data from 1975 to 2021 to test for differences between multi-year droughts and multi-year wet periods and tested for linear relationships between each variable and the Sacramento Valley Hydrologic Index (see definitions and relationships as outlined in Appendix A). Our models showed droughts decreased Delta outflow, project exports, zooplankton in Suisun Bay, and some fish species. We also found that droughts increased water clarity, salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll in the South Delta, zooplankton in the South Delta, and water residence time. Although our analyses only tested correlations, we hypothesized that most of the food-web responses could be traced to increased residence time, decreased transport rates, or both. However, some responses may have been caused by secondary effects, including shifts in salinity gradients, regional changes in water quality, or differences in top-down effects of increased predation and grazing rates. With increased frequency of droughts in the future, this increasingly low-outflow, warming, clearing estuary—which is invaded by non-native species and has low pelagic fish production—is rapidly becoming the new “normal.”

Loneliness that negatively influences well-being in international students is common, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Leisure may help international students reduce loneliness. To inform efforts to promote well-being for international students, this study examined whether two types of leisure social support (leisure emotional support and leisure instrumental support) and flow while participating in leisure predict loneliness. In total, 332 international students who attended a private university in Taiwan participated in the study. In-person surveys were used to measure leisure emotional support, leisure instrumental support, flow, and loneliness. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to analyze data. Results indicated that high levels of leisure emotional support and flow predicted low levels of loneliness, but high levels of leisure instrumental support did not. The study addresses implications of these results in terms of reducing loneliness experienced by international students, without depending highly on the presence of others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the behaviors of both flow and generated output of photovoltaic pump, the characteristics of both water pumping efficiency and output frequency, and the feature of charge capacity in accumulators have been tested through experiments, based on the integrated application system for water pumping, energy storage and illumination by photovoltaic pump, and in combination with composition and operation performance of photovoltaic water pumping system. According to the experimental results and under a constant delivery head, the photovoltaic pump and accumulator energy storage system with a total measured power of 1.8375 kWp in a photovoltaic array produces a daily water output of 13.1 m3 and an average water output of 1.93 m3/h; the maximum water pumping efficiency of the system is 12.7% and the average water pumping efficiency is 11.1%; meanwhile, the energy storage capacity of accumulators by charging in three time periods throughout a day is 1.01 kWh, which accounts for about 9.72% of the photovoltaic array's all-day generated energy, namely 10.3 kWh. Those conclusions have certain practical implications for the optimal configuration of photovoltaic water pumping system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the nexus of leadership and flow through the lens of two inherently positive psychological leadership approaches. In so doing, we examine how leaders can craft conditions to make work more conducive to followers’ flow, and the beneficial effects this has on well-being and performance. Data were collected from 40 employees who completed an initial survey and subsequent daily surveys over two weeks (273 data points). Results from hierarchical linear modeling (level-1 days; level-2 persons) suggest that transformational leaders and leader-member exchange (LMX) relationships impact employees’ work characteristics, subsequently impacting daily flow. In turn, followers’ daily flow predicted daily psychological well-being and performance on subsequent days, further evidencing the downstream importance of flow-facilitative leader behaviors. Both transformational leadership and LMX were also found to predict psychological well-being through leaders’ impact on flow preconditions and flow itself in a full multi-stage mediation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Where precision is paramount in managing temperature and fluid dynamics, micro heat exchangers (MHXs) emerge as indispensable tools. This review investigates the significance of MHX technology, offering readers a comprehensive roapmap from conceptualization to market application. We dissect the nuances of material selection, shedding light on cutting‐edge advancements poised to revolutionize MHX efficiency. Furthermore, we explore how the geometry of MHX influences heat transfer dynamics and pressure drop, providing insights into enhancing the overall effectiveness. We delve into the various types of control instrumentation, offering a detailed analysis of their applicability. Beyond the technical prowess, the economic landscape plays a pivotal role in the adoption of MHX technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preserved biological communities can provide baseline data about the historical ecosystems and environmental conditions that preceded recent anthropogenic alteration. Freshwater mussel shells show particularly good preservation, and the shell assemblages commonly found during archaeological excavations can offer insights into past ecosystems. We studied assemblages of Unio pictorum mussel shells from palaeochannel silts associated with the Late Bronze Age site of Must Farm in eastern England (c. 850 BC), on an ancient tributary of the modern‐day River Nene. We compared archaeological shells from two sediment horizons (broadly 1300–700 BC) to live individuals collected from two analogous sites on the present‐day Nene. Size and growth rate, interannual growth variability and stable isotope (δ18O and δ13C) composition were compared between the populations. Size and the von Bertalanffy growth parameter L∞ differed among all four populations. Mean lengths and L∞ were higher in the two modern populations (mean lengths 77.3 ± SE 0.8 and 73.8 ± SE 1.1 mm, L∞ 91.8 ± 5.4 and 79.0 ± 8.1 mm) than the ancient populations (mean lengths 58.1 ± SE 1.6 mm and 68.4 ± SE 0.9 mm; L∞ 71.5 ± 16.9 and 76.8 ± 6.2 mm). Modern individuals also showed greater variation in age‐corrected year‐to‐year growth. δ13C was lower in modern shells (−11.8‰ for modern shells, −9.03‰ and −9.02‰ for ancient shell populations), potentially reflecting altered hydrological and nutrient regimes. δ18O and δ13C were positively correlated for all but one sampled ancient shell, but not modern shells. These results reflect changes in local environmental conditions, particularly the transition from a shallow, slow‐flowing tributary to a deeper, canalised river with faster flow, as well as effects of anthropogenic nutrient enrichment. The findings demonstrate the importance of long‐term data in studying anthropogenic ecosystem alteration and avoiding shifting baseline syndrome in conservation planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Metaverse, characterized as an interactive and immersive 3D virtual world, is widely recognized for its considerable potential across a range of industries. However, the long-term viability and success of the Metaverse are contingent upon the extent to which users accept and adopt it. Despite this critical aspect, there is a scarcity of research that investigates the factors influencing user acceptance of the Metaverse. To address this research gap, the present study expands upon the technology acceptance model by integrating social and psychological constructs such as social interaction, social presence, conformity, emotional attachment, flow, and perceived enjoyment. The data for this study were obtained through an online survey. A total of 418 responses were collected from Metaverse users, with a response rate of 84%. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the survey data. Results showed that: (1) perceived ease of use (β = 0.214, p < 0,001), emotional attachment (β = 0.375 p < 0,001), and enjoyment (β = 0.194, p < 0,001) could have a positive effect on perceived usefulness; (2) emotional attachment (β = 0.142, p = 0.018), enjoyment (β = 0.179, p = 0.008), and social presence (β = 0.183, p = 0.008) could have a positive effect on perceived ease of use; (3) perceived usefulness (β = 0.432, p < 0,001), perceived ease of use (β = 0.106, p = 0.011), emotional attachment (β = 0.209, p < 0,001), and social interaction (β = 0.209, p < 0,001) have a positive effect on attitudes toward using the Metaverse; (4) perceived usefulness (β = 0.174, p = 0.001), attitudes (β = 0.35, p < 0,001), flow (β = 0.128, p = 0.011), and social interaction (β = 0.106, p = 0.015) could positively influence users' intention to use the Metaverse. However, social presence could not significantly influence perceived usefulness (β = 0.078, p = 0.141). These results offer important implications for developers and practitioners looking to design and promote the utilization of the Metaverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A debate has taken place on the relationship between challenge and skills as the universal precondition of flow. Flow's precursor, Csikszentmihalyi, states that these two constructs are independent, while other scholars state the opposite. This research aims to better understand this relationship and explore its effect on the flow experience. As flow is considered a nonergodic and nonlinear process, we will base our analysis on an intra-individual level and then shift to an inter-individual level. The database consisted of 3,630 registers collected from a sample of 60 employees. At an intra-individual level, we observed the nature of the challenge-skills relationship classifying the participants according to the direction of these relationships (positive, negative, or nonsignificant correlation). At the inter-individual level, we explored the effect that the three groups had on the flow experience. We also examined nonlinear relationships (cusp modeling) among challenge, skills, and flow. The results showed that the challenge-skills relationship is not homogeneous between individuals. Flow theory is represented by the positive correlation group, but this pattern is the least frequent (21.6% of the cases) in our sample. Finally, the results showed that the nonlinear models fit the data better (R²nonlinear = .48, R²linear = .35, p < .01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper provides an analysis of key parameters such as: heat transfer coefficients, flow, pressure drop, pump power, heat losses and temperature drop in the oil pipeline. Tests were performed on a real oil pipeline plant with a diameter of 457 mm and a length of 91000 m. The oil pipeline is dig into the ground at a depth of 1.5 m. As an experimental fluid, crude oil of the paraffinic type, with a pour point of +8 to +26 oC, was used. In order to improve transport properties and prevent the appearance of paraffin inside the pipeline, the crude oil was heated to a temperature in the range of +20 to +50 oC. Origin software was used to display the research results. An analysis of the key transport parameters and their mutual dependencies and influences is also given. The aim of the work is to analyze and determine the optimal parameters of crude oil transport, as well as to determine the relation between heating temperature, paraffin content, flow temperature and cooling rate, where oil solid content will not occur. For such research, paraffin type oil was chosen as the experimental fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have a wide range of applications in the pharmaceutical and biomedicine fields due to their exceptional biophysical properties. The study focuses on preparing and characterizing capsule-shaped PVA hydrogels to enhance their biocompatibility and porosity for controlled glucose release and cell proliferation. The hydrogels were prepared using different concentrations (Cs) and molecular weights (MWs) of PVA, with two different lengths, A (10 mm) and B (20 mm), to control glucose release over 60 min. The preparation process involved PVA gel preparation and PVA hydrogel formation. A total of 500 µL of glucose was injected into all dehydrated hydrogels in groups A and B. Glucose release was studied by immersing the hydrogels in saline at 37 °C with stirring at 500 rpm. The SUP-B15 cell line was grown in six A1 hydrogels for biocompatibility testing. The results indicate that all hydrogels remained stable at 37 °C without degrading. Those with a higher C and MW exhibited a denser and less porous structure, lower glucose storage capacity, and higher elongation at break. Significant differences in glucose release, diffusion speed, and flux were observed, which were more evident in A1 > A4, B1 > B4, and B1 > A1 over 60 min. A1 and B1 had higher values because their higher porosity distribution allowed glucose to diffuse more easily. B1, being larger, has more glucose due to its increased length. The cell growth response and viability at 48 h in contact with the hydrogels was similar to that of the control (4.5 × 105 cells/mL, 98.5% vs. 4.8 × 105 cells/mL, 99.7% viability), thus demonstrating biocompatibility. The hydrogels effectively released glucose over 60 min, with variations based on porosity, C, MW, and length, and demonstrated good biocompatibility with the cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos, Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Organisms have adapted to dynamic river flows as part of the natural flow regime. However, climate change and humans' use of fresh water are associated with decreases in the quality and quantity of surface waters. In addition, river impoundments and water withdrawals for human use regulate and dampen the dynamism of flow in many rivers. These changes to the natural flow regime can impact the spawning migrations of lampreys (Petromyzontiformes). Here, our goal is to review the ecology of lamprey spawning migrations associated with river flows, with considerations for controlling invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and conserving native lampreys (including native, anadromous sea lamprey). We identify five common themes: (1) natural flow regimes provide a competitive edge to native fishes over non‐native fishes; (2) high flows (up to a threshold) attract adult lamprey and large streams attract large numbers of lamprey; (3) larval lamprey pheromones attract adult lampreys; (4) behavioral responses by adult lamprey to flow (including localized hydraulics) can inform dam passage and trapping methods; and (5) changes to rivers induced by climate change have been implicated in changing the phenology of run timing and spawning location. Controlling invasive sea lamprey and conserving native lampreys can be done with pheromones and flow management. Pheromones may be of more use under focused management efforts to control invasive sea lamprey, whereas flow management can provide a foundation for conservation of native lampreys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corneal endothelium is responsible for pumping fluid out of the stroma in order to maintain corneal transparency, which depends in part on the expression and activity of sodium–potassium pumps. In this study, we evaluated how physiologic pressure and flow influence transcription, protein expression, and activity of Na+/K+-ATPase. Native and engineered corneal endothelia were cultured in a bioreactor in the presence of pressure and flow (hydrodynamic culture condition) or in a Petri dish (static culture condition). Transcription of ATP1A1 was assessed using qPCR, the expression of the α1 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase was measured using Western blots and ELISA assays, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity was evaluated using an ATPase assay in the presence of ouabain. Results show that physiologic pressure and flow increase the transcription and the protein expression of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 in engineered corneal endothelia, while they remain stable in native corneal endothelia. Interestingly, the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase was increased in the presence of physiologic pressure and flow in both native and engineered corneal endothelia. These findings highlight the role of the in vivo environment on the functionality of the corneal endothelium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to identify users' motivations for using the metaverse from a uses and gratification perspective and to identify users' categories based on their motives. In addition, this research investigated whether the degree of flow differs according to a user's motivation and segment. This study also examined the relationship between flow and the frequency of offline activity. Five motives (seeking advantages, extended social interactions, extended entertainment, virtual experience, and transfer consciousness) were identified. Among these, seeking advantage, extended social interactions, extended entertainment, and transfer consciousness positively influenced the degree of flow when using metaverse. Furthermore, among three distinct groups of metaverse users (goalless drift, pursuing a new world, and ego-boosting) the segment of pursuing a new world had the highest degree of flow. In addition, we confirmed that flow was negatively correlated with the amount of offline activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hematogenous metastasis involves cancer cell migration to different locations from the primary tumor through the blood circulation. Von Willebrand factor (VWF) has been shown to play an important role in tumor cell adhesion to and extravasation from the endothelial cell lining of blood vessel walls during cancer metastasis. VWF may contribute to this process by interacting with tumor cells, endothelial cells, and platelets through various cell membrane receptors, such as platelet glycoprotein (GP)Ibα, P-selectin, ανβ3 and αIIbβ3 integrins, and glycocalyx. Blood flow can mechanically extend and activate VWF to bind platelets and associate intermolecularly with other VWF molecules in plasma or on the surface of endothelial cells, cancer cells, or platelets. This suggests a mechanoregulatory role of VWF in mediating the interactions between VWF and these cells to promote cancer cell adhesion to blood vessels. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of VWF function and the role of hydrodynamic forces in hematogenous cancer metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aims to evaluate the compressive strength, solubility, radiopacity, and flow of Bromelain (BR)-modified Biodentine (BD) for direct pulp capping (DPC). This is suggested to determine the impact of BR on the physical properties of BD. Methods: Eighty samples were prepared according to the ISO and ADA specifications and evaluated for compressive strength, solubility, radiopacity, and flow. The compressive strength was evaluated at 24 h and 21 days via a universal testing machine. The solubility was determined by weight loss after 24-hours immersion in deionized water. Radiopacity was assessed via X-ray with aluminum step-wedges, and flow was measured by the diameter of the discs under a standard weight. Independent sample t-tests were used to statistically assess the data. A significance level of 5% was considered. Results: The compressive strength was 41.08 ± 1.84 MPa for BD and 40.92 ± 1.80 MPa for BR + BD after 24 h, and 88.93 ± 3.39 MPa for BD and 87.92 ± 3.76 MPa for BR + BD after 21 days, with no significant differences. Solubility was slightly greater in the BR + BD (2.75 ± 0.10%) compared to BD (2.62 ± 0.25%), but not significantly different. The radiopacity was similar between BD (2.82 ± 0.11 mm) and BR + BD (2.73 ± 0.10 mm). BR + BD resulted in significantly greater flow (9.99 ± 0.18 mm) than did BD (9.65 ± 0.27 mm) (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: BR-modified BD maintains BD's physical properties, with improved flow, making it a promising DPC agent that warrants further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this pilot study was to assess the reliability of superb microvascular ultrasound (SMI) for the measurement of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow within VPS systems as an indirect sign for shunt dysfunction. Asymptomatic hydrocephalus patients, with a VPS system implanted between 2017 and 2021, were prospectively enrolled in the study. Using SMI, the CSF flow within the proximal and distal catheters were analysed. Before and after pumping the shunt reservoir, intraabdominal free fluid, optical nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), and papilla diameter (PD) were evaluated and correlated with the amount of valve activation. Nineteen patients were included. A flow was detectable in 100% (N = 19) patients in the proximal and in 89.5% (N = 17) in the distal catheter. The distal catheter tip was detectable in 27.7% (N = 5) patients. Free intraabdominal fluid was initially detected in 21.4% (N = 4) patients and in 57.9% (N = 11) at the end of the examination (P = 0.049). ONSD was significantly lower after pump activation (4.4 ± 0.9 mm versus 4.1 ± 0.8 mm, P = 0.049). Both peak velocity and flow volume per second were higher in proximal compared to distal catheters (32.2 ± 45.2 versus 5.6 ± 3.7 cm/sec, P = 0.015; 16.6 ± 9.5 ml/sec versus 5.1 ± 4.0 ml/sec, P = 0.001, respectively). No correlation was found between the number of pump activations and the changes in ONSD (P = 0.975) or PD (P = 0.820). SMI appears to be a very promising non-invasive diagnostic tool to assess CSF flow within the VPS systems and therefore affirm their function. Furthermore, appearance of free intraperitoneal fluid followed by repeated compression of a shunt reservoir indicates an intact functioning shunt system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Most of the anxiety disorders, particularly social anxiety, seem to develop either during childhood or adolescence. Adolescent singers who experience physical, mental and emotional changes along with voice change are particularly prone to the development of MPA. However, adolescence also seems to be an opportune time to instil healthy behaviours in singing students as they are more likely to remember these coping strategies, owing to the release of dopamine and the 'reminiscence bump'. As this period of a singer's life is wrought with inevitable anxiety development, the additional aim of the study was to develop a coaching framework which can be used by singing teachers in their practice. Mindset training for adolescents seems crucial to help them continue singing through puberty so they do not drop out of singing lessons or choir during voice change and identity development. Methods: The study aimed to determine if Acceptance and Commitment coaching could be used with adolescent singers with MPA and to record and analyse rich qualitative data in the form of semi-structured participant interviews and questionnaires. Results: When their perception of MPA symptoms and physiological and psychological arousal before a performance changed, their behaviour and reactions changed accordingly. The change took place over a period of time, which was characterised by discoveries about themselves, confusion in understanding new concepts and letting go of old habits. Interestingly, by the end of the coaching sessions, their preoccupation with pleasing the audience and appearing perfect on stage was replaced by a new-found delight in pursuing values and goals related to their singing. Along with this came the acceptance of themselves and others as individuals with the potential for growth and change and the capacity to learn from mistakes. Discussion: This study marks the first investigation into the effectiveness of using of ACC as an intervention for MPA in adolescent singers undergoing puberty by a singing teacher. The results are promising and suggest that ACC is an effective MPA intervention for adolescent singers to cope with inevitable developmentrelated anxieties and keep them engaged in the activity of singing during their pubertal years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence and positive psychology play crucial roles in education, yet there is limited research on how these psychological factors influence learners' use of AI, particularly in language education. Grounded in self-determination theory, this study investigates the factors influencing Chinese English learners' intention to use AI for language learning. Utilizing structural equation modeling, this research examines the mediating roles of grit, flow, and resilience in the relationship between basic psychological needs and the intention to use AI. Data were analyzed using AMOS 26 and SPSS 26. The findings reveal that flow, grit, and resilience mediate the relationship between basic psychological needs and the intention to adopt AI tools for language learning. This study provides valuable insights into how educational environments can be designed to fulfill psychological needs, thereby fostering greater engagement and acceptance of AI in language education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying the issues related to the supply, demand, and flow of ecosystem services is crucial for regional landscape management. This study employs the equivalence factor method and demand index quantification to analyze the supply and demand of ecosystem services in the Zheng-Bian-Luo region in 2000 and 2020. We used hotspot analysis tools and the minimum cumulative resistance model to establish the ecological corridors, identifying the spatial flow paths of ecosystem services in our site. By calculating the flow volume of the key corridor value through the breakpoint formula and field strength theory and combining this with the ratio of the regulating service value, we computed the ecological compensation amount, thereby realizing the value of the ecosystem service. The results indicate that the area of balance between ecosystem service supply and demand gradually decreased and the deficit area in the Zheng-Bian-Luo region increased 43.62% from 2000 to 2020 along with rapid urbanization. The total value flow of ecosystem services by the important ecological corridors in 2000 and 2020 was USD 242.40 million and USD 365.92 million, respectively. In 2020, it was predicted that Luanchuan County would receive ecological compensation totals of USD 237.76 million from each ecological demand area, and mainly from Jinshui District. Our findings support enhancing the quality of the ecological environment and optimizing the landscape management of the Yellow River's Henan section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into leveraging nanomaterials to enhance building material performance has shown significant progress in recent decades. Silica nanoparticles (SiO2), a prevalent chemical element in ceramics, glass, sand, cement, and binders, have been a focus. This study delved into the impact of varying nanosilica (NS) percentages (ranging from 0 to 2.5% of LRP weight) on lime-based pastes for roofs and screeds (LRP), commonly used in building insulation. Specimens underwent demolding after 48 h, with 75% treated at 40, 60, and 80 °C for 7 h and then cured at room temperature for 3, 7, and 28 days. Analysis revealed that SiO2 and CaO in LRP transformed into calcium silicate and calcium carbonate during hydration. The addition of NS notably enhanced compressive strength by facilitating calcium silicate formation and reducing pore structures, with the best results at 40 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated a significant weight loss reduction (2.3 times less) in samples with 2.5% NS content compared to those without. Optimal NS content percentages of 1.5% and 2.5%, replacing LRP at water/binder ratios of 0.6 and 0.75, respectively, were identified based on tensile and compressive strengths and desirable flowability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneur coaches face increased well-being challenges due to their demanding roles. However, they also often report experiencing flow – an immersive, enjoyable state of intense focus that positively affects well-being. In this qualitative study of 20 self-employed career, executive, health, leadership, and life coaches, we aimed to understand entrepreneur coaches' experience of flow and relationships with recovery at work. We found that recovery was important for entering flow and coaches actively scheduled recovery activities, such as regular breaks, to support recovery and to enter and sustain flow. These findings contribute to research on how the interplay between flow and recovery can contribute to the well-being and sustainable working lives of entrepreneur coaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Educational board games have been receiving attention from educators in recent years. Designing the rules of board games based on cognitive theory, and further analysing educational board games from more dimensions are important issues that warrant further study. Purpose: The research designed a board game called Chemistry Story to promote students' learning of the concept of element combination in chemical substances. The design of the cognitive mechanism of the board game was based on three cognitive design principles, namely schema connection theory, attention, and cognitive scaffolding. Sample: The participants were 48 eighth-grade students in Taiwan. Their average age was 13.8. Design and methods: A one-group pretest-posttest design was adopted. The research explored students' learning achievement, flow, and acceptance after using this board game for learning. Moreover, this research analysed the differences in students' flow while playing with game components made of different materials (paper, wood, and plastic), and explored the relationship with learning achievement, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use. Results: The results showed that students' concept of element combination in chemical substances improved through playing this board game. In addition, students had considerable engagement and acceptance of the board game's learning activities with the game components made of different materials. The results of the correlation analysis showed that students with low academic achievement were more likely to feel that Chemistry Story was helpful to their studies. It was also found that the wooden material components brought abetter sense of engagement and game acceptance. Conclusion: When designing educational board game products, we should not only consider the target knowledge of the board game and the design of the game mechanism, but also consider the students' feelings about the materials used to make the components, and choose materials that can bring students a better learning experience, so as to enhance the positive influence on their learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Mining Magazine is the property of China Mining Magazine Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Buca Faculty of Education Journal / Buca Egitim Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Buca Faculty of Education Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the control mechanism of surface arc discharge plasma actuation on the flow and combustion of flameholder, the applicability of the phenomenological model of surface arc discharge is verified. And, the effects of different actuation positions and actuation intensities on the flow field structure, fuel atomization, ignition delay and flame stability in the flameholder are systematically analyzed. The results show that different actuation positions have a significant impact on the flow field structure, especially when the actuation energy is effectively concentrated and a strong actuation region is formed, which leads to the expansion of the recirculation zone, which in turn promotes fuel atomization, slows down the ignition delay and increases the average flame temperature. At the same time, with the increase of actuation intensity, the length of the recirculation zone, the mixing efficiency and the combustion efficiency increased linearly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the interest in the Helmet interface during non-invasive respiratory support (NIRS) has increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic. During NIRS, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can be given as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which maintains a positive airway pressure throughout the whole respiratory cycle with Helmet as an interface (H-CPAP). The main disadvantage of the H-CPAP is the inability to measure tidal volume (VT). Opto-electronic plethysmography (OEP) is a non-invasive technique that is not sensitive to gas compression/expansion inside the helmet. OEP acquisitions were performed on 28 healthy volunteers (14 females and 14 males) at baseline and during Helmet CPAP. The effect of posture (semi-recumbent vs. prone), flow (50 vs. 60 L/min), and PEEP (0 vs. 5 vs. 10 cmH2O) on the ventilatory and thoracic-abdominal pattern and the operational volumes were investigated. Prone position limited vital capacity, abdominal expansion and chest wall recruitment. A constant flow of 60 L/min reduced the need for the subject to ventilate while having a slight recruitment effect (100 mL) in the semi-recumbent position. A progressive increasing recruitment was found with higher PEEP but limited by the prone position. It is possible to accurately measure tidal volume during H-CPAP to deliver non-invasive ventilatory support using opto-electronic plethysmography during different clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During continuous casting, coated slag is applied to molten steel to enhance heat transfer and lubrication. In this study, a numerical calculation model was built to reveal the flowing characteristic of slag according to the fundamental principles of heat transfer and viscous fluid mechanics. The flow and heat transfer behaviour of protective slag on the surface of molten steel and the flow velocity of liquid slag in slag channel gaps were calculated and analyzed. The streaming and thermal conduction situation of slag on the surface of molten steel, as well as the flow velocity of liquid flux in the slag passage gap, were calculated and analyzed. The results showed that as the thickness of the liquidus slag film increased from 10 to 12 mm, the thermal flux density at the top of the flux film layer decreased from 0.1059 to 0.0882 MW/m2. The heat flux density increased rapidly within 0.1 m of the narrow side of the mould, reaching a peak value of 2.27 MW/m2. As the viscosity temperature factor of the flux increased from 0.45 to 2.05, the maximum floating speed of the liquid film from the water inlet to the narrow side in the centre district of the mould decreased from 0.0316 to 0.028 m/s, representing a reduction of approximately 11.4%. This study can provide a reference for the design and improvement of protective slag. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This study aims to evaluate the compressive strength, solubility, radiopacity, and flow of Bromelain (BR)-modified Biodentine (BD) for direct pulp capping (DPC). This is suggested to determine the impact of BR on the physical properties of BD. Methods Eighty samples were prepared according to the ISO and ADA specifications and evaluated for compressive strength, solubility, radiopacity, and flow. The compressive strength was evaluated at 24 h and 21 days via a universal testing machine. The solubility was determined by weight loss after 24-hours immersion in deionized water. Radiopacity was assessed via X-ray with aluminum step-wedges, and flow was measured by the diameter of the discs under a standard weight. Independent sample t-tests were used to statistically assess the data. A significance level of 5% was considered. Results The compressive strength was 41.08 ± 1.84 MPa for BD and 40.92 ± 1.80 MPa for BR + BD after 24 h, and 88.93 ± 3.39 MPa for BD and 87.92 ± 3.76 MPa for BR + BD after 21 days, with no significant differences. Solubility was slightly greater in the BR + BD (2.75 ± 0.10%) compared to BD (2.62 ± 0.25%), but not significantly different. The radiopacity was similar between BD (2.82 ± 0.11 mm) and BR + BD (2.73 ± 0.10 mm). BR + BD resulted in significantly greater flow (9.99 ± 0.18 mm) than did BD (9.65 ± 0.27 mm) (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion BR-modified BD maintains BD’s physical properties, with improved flow, making it a promising DPC agent that warrants further study.

This study examined and compared the effects of two types of online peer assessment, namely, "free selection and invitation" (FS&I) assessment and the commonly implemented "assigned-pair" (AP) assessment, on undergraduates' research competencies, flow, motivation, and interaction, supported by the Cloud Classroom online learning system. Ninety-three undergraduates from a research methods course participated in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups: an FS&I group and an AP group. The two groups experienced exactly the same teaching conditions except for different online peer assessment types. The study was conducted over one semester (16 weeks). Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to examine the effects of the two types of online peer assessment. Regarding research competencies that were represented by conceptual knowledge and research proposal, this study found that the FS&I and AP groups showed no significant difference in conceptual knowledge score, and that the FS&I group performed significantly better in the quality of research proposals than the AP group. The FS&I group also manifested higher levels of flow and motivation than the AP group. Additionally, social network analysis (SNA) revealed that the FS&I group exhibited more interactions and closer connections with peers than the AP group. These results suggest that FS&I online peer assessment is an effective scaffolding that can improve undergraduates' research competencies, learning engagement and willingness to interact. The implications of this study are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Hyperfocus (HF), or intense, deep concentration on a task, has gained significant research attention in recent years, particularly in regard to clinical populations such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The present work aims to provide validation of the 12-item dispositional adult hyperfocus questionnaire (AHQ-D) as a quantitative metric of HF in adults. We preregistered the study design and hypotheses. We administered the AHQ-D and several additional questionnaires to 347 adults (mean ± SD age: 33 ± 11 years; 47% female). Exploratory factor analysis revealed high factor loadings (0.57–0.81) on a single HF factor; item response theory analysis suggested that the questionnaire items had high discrimination and covered a wide range of responses; and we report strong internal consistency metrics (Cronbach’s alpha 0.93, mean split-half reliability 0.93). Replicating our previous work, HF was positively correlated with Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) scores (r(345) = 0.53), suggesting that HF may be related to ADHD traits (though in this sample we did not specifically recruit individuals with ADHD). The AHQ-D demonstrated the hypothesized convergent validity; HF on the AHQ-D was positively correlated with HF measured using a different HF scale (r(344) = 0.69), as well as flow (r(345) = 0.12) and mind wandering (r(345) = 0.39) scores. AHQ-D HF scores showed a weak negative correlation with grit (r(345) = − 0.29). Though there was a weak negative correlation between HF and social desirability response tendency (r(345) = − 0.24), suggesting that those who care more about what others think may report less HF, there was no relationship between HF and extrasensory perception beliefs (r(345) = 0.01), suggesting that participants were not simply biased in their response tendencies. Taken together, we demonstrate strong scale metrics for the AHQ-D, the expected convergent validity, and a general lack of response bias, in addition to replicating our previous association of HF with ADHD traits. We suggest that the AHQ-D can be confidently used in future work as a valid way to measure HF in adults.

The paper provides an analysis of key parameters such as: heat transfer coefficients, flow, pressure drop, pump power, heat losses and temperature drop in the oil pipeline. Tests were performed on a real oil pipeline plant with a diameter of 457 mm and a length of 91000 m. The oil pipeline is dig into the ground at a depth of 1.5 m. As an experimental fluid, crude oil of the paraffinic type, with a pour point of +8 to +26 oC, was used. In order to improve transport properties and prevent the appearance of paraffin inside the pipeline, the crude oil was heated to a temperature in the range of +20 to +50 oC. Origin software was used to display the research results. An analysis of the key transport parameters and their mutual dependencies and influences is also given. The aim of the work is to analyze and determine the optimal parameters of crude oil transport, as well as to determine the relation between heating temperature, paraffin content, flow temperature and cooling rate, where oil solid content will not occur. For such research, paraffin type oil was chosen as the experimental fluid.

Introduction: The antimicrobial activity and physical properties of Vinyl Siloxane Ether (VSE) impression material, such as dimensional stability, flow, and setting time, play a crucial role in the success of fixed prosthodontics. During impression making, the impression material is exposed to infected blood and saliva, which are potential sources of cross-contamination. Cross-contamination can be decreased or minimised when antimicrobial agents are added to the impression material. The efficacy of nanoparticles like silver, titanium, zinc oxide, and chitosan as antimicrobial agents is continuously researched in dentistry. These particles have the benefit of being small and possessing effective antibacterial characteristics due to their vast surface area, which creates an effective interaction with microbes. Aim: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial activity and physical properties of VSE impression material incorporated with various concentrations (0.0, 1.0, and 2.5 wt.%) of zinc oxide and chitosan nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: This is an in-vitro study conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics at KIMS Dental College and Hospital, Amalapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India. Ethical Review Board for clinical trials (Material protocol no. 020/KIMS DENTAL/2022). The study was conducted in the month of June and July of 2022 year. A total of 252 samples were fabricated with VSE impression material and divided into two groups for antimicrobial activity (Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the fungus Candida albicans) and physical properties (dimensional stability, flow, setting time) with 126 samples in each group, respectively. The sample size was estimated using G Power One software with a power of 91% and an alpha error of 5%. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the disk diffusion method, dimensional stability was determined with a stereomicroscope, setting time with a Gillmore apparatus, and flow with a vernier caliper. Data were subjected to one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (p-value

Background. In modern conditions, the provision of domestic pasta produced from durum wheat varieties on modern technological equipment is becoming important. At the same time, the quality of the finished pasta is also determined by the rheological properties of the pasta dough when passing through the pasta press matrix, which determined the purpose of the study to develop a method of computational evaluation for calculating the relationship between the speed parameters of the flow of pasta dough in the cylindrical sections of the channels of the molding matrix with pressure drops to overcome viscous resistance, the dimensions of the structural elements of the channel, as well as with indicators of the rheological properties of pasta dough. Materials and methods. To study the flow of pasta dough, baking flour of the highest grade M-54 28 was chosen as a raw material in stepped cylindrical channels. The applied rheological model is described and a technique for mathematical modeling of the flow parameters of pasta dough in cylindrical channels is given. Due to the small contribution of the pasta dough shear strength to the total pressure loss, a rheological model of a nonlinear-viscous medium is used, which is described by a power equation containing physically determined constants. Neglecting the elastic deformations of the dough due to their smallness, we assumed the condition of constancy of the volumetric productivity for each cross section of the channel. Results. Analytical dependencies are presented that relate the change in velocity over the channel cross section to the pressure developed necessary to overcome the viscous resistance, as well as to the radii and length of the channel, and to the rheological properties of the pasta dough. These dependences formed the theoretical basis of the method for calculating the parameters of pasta dough flow in cylindrical channels. Conclusion. On the example of an industrial matrix of a pasta press, made in the form of a system of cylindrical channels of a stepped-variable diameter in the preforming zone, calculations were made to determine the average and maximum flow rates of pasta dough in each section of the channel and the developed pressure. The results of the research can be used in engineering practice when designing new matrices for forming pasta dough and in the production processes of enterprises to calculate their production capacities.

This paper presents an investigation of the scale effect on the flow around a propeller using the CFD method. The differences in the numerical setup and the results obtained for the characteristics of an open water propeller are described and analysed in this paper. Moreover, the paper also highlight and analyse the scale effect on differences in flow around the propeller, such as the pressure fields in the cross section, the distributions of the skin friction coefficient and limiting streamlines on the propeller blade, the vortices in the wake of the propeller, and the velocity fields. The differences in the flow around the propeller are more clearly seen when it works under heavy loading conditions, an important finding that can support designers in improving propeller performance, investigating cavitations, etc. at the full scale. The reference propeller used in this study is the benchmark propeller PPTC VP 1304.

Objectives: This research aims to explain the impact of flow’s antecedents on flow experience. Furthermore, this research explores the intention of students to continue using online AI-powered English learning platforms. Methodology: This study gathered data from 300 online students enrolled in AI-powered English learning platforms in Taiwan, with data collection facilitated by a research company in the country. Findings: According to the findings, flow was significantly associated with continuous intention. In terms of antecedents of flow, information quality, service support quality, and intrinsic motivation were significant, whereas confirmation, service quality, and instructor quality were not significant. Flow was found to have significant associations with perceived usefulness and satisfaction. Furthermore, confirmation significantly impacted perceived usefulness and satisfaction. Moreover, perceived usefulness was significantly associated with satisfaction but had no association with continuous intention. Lastly, both intrinsic motivation and satisfaction were associated with continuous intention. Novelty/Improvement:This research delves into the dynamic interplay between students' experiences and the adoption of AI-powered online English learning platforms. The study employed a comprehensive framework, including flow, a technology acceptance model, motivation, and an expectation confirmation model. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-02-011 Full Text: PDF

Abstract The enhancement of flexibility, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness constitutes a widely acknowledged trend in the development of urban infrastructure. The proliferation of various types of transportation vehicles exacerbates the complexity of traffic regulation. Intelligent transportation systems, leveraging real-time traffic status prediction technologies, such as velocity estimation, emerge as viable solutions for the efficacious management and control of urban road networks. The objective of this project is to address the complex task of increasing accuracy in predicting traffic conditions on a big scale using deep learning techniques. To accomplish the objective of the study, the historical traffic data of Paris and Istanbul within a certain timeframe were used, considering the impact of variables such as speed, traffic volume, and direction. Specifically, traffic movie clips based on 2 years of real-world data for the two cities were utilized. The movies were generated with HERE data derived from over 100 billion GPS (Global Positioning System) probe points collected from a substantial fleet of automobiles. The model presented by us, unlike the majority of previous ones, takes into account the cumulative impact of speed, flow, and direction. The developed model showed better results compared to the well-known models, in particular, in comparison with the SR-ResNet model. The pixel-wise MAE (mean absolute error) values for Paris and Istanbul were 4.299 and 3.884 respectively, compared to 4.551 and 3.993 for SR-ResNET. Thus, the created model demonstrated the possibilities for further enhancing the accuracy and efficacy of intelligent transportation systems, particularly in large urban centres, thereby facilitating heightened safety, energy efficiency, and convenience for road users. The obtained results will be useful for local policymakers responsible for infrastructure development planning, as well as for specialists and researchers in the field. Future research should investigate how to incorporate more sources of information, in particular previous information from physical traffic flow models, information about weather conditions, etc. into the deep learning framework, as well as further increasing of the throughput capacity and reducing processing time.

This paper reviews the latest findings on instability and subcritical transition to turbulence in wall-bounded flows (i.e., pipe Poiseuille flow, plane channel flow, and plane Couette flow). The main focus was on the early stage of transitional flow and the appearance of coherent structures. The scaling of threshold disturbance amplitude for the onset of natural transition was discussed. Generally, the scaling proved to be in the form of Ac = O(Reg) for Newtonian fluids where Re is the Reynolds number, g ≤ -1, and Ac is the critical perturbation amplitude. It was noted that exploration of perturbations like vortices, streaks, and traveling waves together with their amplitudes could clarify the instability and transition process. Hence, this paper focused on physical behavior and realizations of the transitional flow. Finally, a summary of consequential implications and some open issues for future works were presented and discussed.

The study analyzed available data series of the Sava River's water temperature measured at the Zagreb gauging station. Official data from the Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service (DHMZ) in Zagreb were utilized. Over the 73 years from 1948 to 2020, there are only 53 years with complete measurement records. Despite this limiting fact, it was considered important to analyze the behavior of the Sava River's water temperatures in Zagreb over the past 70 years, during which a significant increase in air temperatures has been observed in the region, particularly in the city of Zagreb. Analyses were conducted on the characteristic (minimum, mean, and maximum) water temperatures over timescales of years, months, and days. The relationship between water temperatures (TW) and air temperatures (TA) measured at the Grič Observatory and the flows (Q) of the Sava River in Zagreb were investigated. A trend of rising water temperatures was observed throughout the entire period from 1948 to 2020, with the intensity significantly increasing in the recent period starting from 1988. The trend of rising air temperatures is the primary driver of the increase in the water temperatures of the Sava River in Zagreb. However, the impact of reduced water flow, especially during the warm season, should not be overlooked. This effect is amplified by the observed trend of decreasing minimum flows of the Sava during the warm season, from June to September. As a result, the most significant rise in water temperatures of the Sava River in Zagreb occurs during prolonged low-water summer periods, particularly in July. A strong trend has been observed in the increasing number of days per year with mean daily water temperatures of the Sava River exceeding 20 °C. This higher water temperature occurs increasingly earlier in the year, lasts longer, and ends later, often extending into September. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated pedagogical agent (with/without) and feedback (explanatory/confirmatory) types on achievement, flow experience, and cognitive load in a digital game-based learning environment. We developed a game about spreadsheets and prepared four versions of the game in the context of pedagogical agent and feedback types. Through the mixed-methods sequential exploratory design, we applied game versions in four experimental groups (154 undergraduate students) within a two-week spreadsheet subject. We collected quantitative (achievement test, flow experience scale, cognitive load scale, elapsed time, skill, and challenge-level questions) and qualitative (semi-structured interview technique and open-ended interview form) data. According to the results, the achievement scores of all participants increased regardless of the pedagogical agent and feedback type. There was no significant difference in cognitive load, flow experience, skill level, or challenge level according to the pedagogical agent and feedback types. Confirmatory feedback groups spent more time than explanatory feedback groups. The dependent variables had significant relationships. Students expressed that game-based learning promoted improvements in the learning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Institutional integration and enjoyment in physical education (PE) represent catalysts for greater students' social cohesion and academic performance. This cross-sectional study addressed the lack of data and examined the mediating effect of basic psychological needs satisfaction (PNS) and motivation on the association between physical activity enjoyment (PAE) and institutional integration (SII) in Saudi female PE students. Participants (N = 507) were invited to complete the PE autonomy relatedness competence scale, the PE motivation scale, the students' institutional integration scale, and the enjoyment questionnaire. The direct and indirect effects were explored using the SPSS Hayes process macro (Model 4). The results indicate that autonomy, relatedness and extrinsic motivation partially mediate the relationship between the PAE and SII in female Saudi PE students. Therefore, the PAE had a direct effect on SII of 16.2% and an indirect effect of 25.3% through the mediation of autonomy, relatedness, and extrinsic motivation. The psychological processes that promote the development of SII are PAE, autonomy, relatedness, and extrinsic motivation but not intrinsic motivation nor competence. The results are discussed within the self-determination theory and can be used by benefic for students, teachers, administrators or program makers to support institutional integration and enjoyment perception in Saudi female PE students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this diary study, we contribute to research on day-level multitasking in organizations by investigating why and when multitasking impairs employees' work-related flow and subjective job performance on a daily basis. Drawing on Lazarus and Folkman's transactional model of stress and coping, we propose that employees' appraisal of their daily tasks (i.e., less challenging and more hindering) may explain why multitasking has negative implications for flow and job performance. Moreover, we expect that daily work engagement can buffer the detrimental effects of multitasking on flow and job performance. A total of 33 professional workers in the food industry participated in our study and were asked to respond to 10 daily surveys at work across 4 weeks. In line with our expectations, results showed that on days when employees' working time was highly fragmented across a high number of tasks, they experienced less flow and, in turn, their job performance was lower on that particular day. Moreover, appraisal of daily tasks as less challenging - though not more hindering - explained why multitasking impairs flow. Finally, daily work engagement buffered the detrimental impact of multitasking on flow. The results presented in this paper offer novel and ecologically valid insights into why and when multitasking may backfire for employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activity-level productivity measurement often overlooks losses due to poor construction flows—that is, the flows of workers, materials, and equipment. Using data from 138 locations and 33 crews, correlation and regression analyses were conducted on several flow metrics. The results showed that excess work-in-progress time, representing handoffs among crews, and work discontinuities, representing stoppages between locations, had the most significant association with productivity. These findings led to the development of a novel framework for measuring activity-level construction productivity. In this framework, productivity is decomposed into efficiency (measured through work sampling) and effectiveness (measured as increased output). We applied our framework to a building construction project featuring four structural work crews operating across multiple levels. The results indicate that productivity losses due to crew handoffs and work discontinuities decrease as work becomes more repetitive. Additionally, inefficiencies or idling occur when moving equipment is unavailable, whereas ineffectiveness occurs with high rework. Our framework enables the identification of various sources of productivity loss. It also helps understand that the direct work rate is just one component of overall productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a real-life study using time-based ambulatory assessment, we investigated how to unobtrusively capture within-subject and between-subject variations in flow in everyday life. We compared two observation approaches, momentary states, and coverage, which differed in the reference of flow reports and sampling frequency. Depending on condition, participants (N = 38) answered either ten or five queries per day that referred to the current state or the last two hours (n = 1442 observations in total). We found no effect of either approach on compliance, flow intensity, or flow reports over time. However, the approaches differed with respect to flow probability reports, within-subject variability in flow reports, and perceived burden. In addition, we introduced a reduced three-item version of the Flow Short Scale. Our results indicate acceptable to good reliability as well as concurrent, convergent and discriminant validity of this scale. Based on our findings, we recommend that the choice of observation approach for capturing everyday flow depends on the outcome of interest, the targeted comparison within- or between-subjects, and the expected task variability of the participants. Limitations regarding our sampling procedure and the retrospective assessment of flow experiences are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]