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Leisure activities of the crew at the South African National Antarctic Expedition (SANAE) are reported for the period from 1970-1993. Favorite pastimes at the underground base were card games, pool, darts, movies and videos, music, reading, and mind-games. Cliques and hierarchies developed among the men. Outdoor activities were limited to the summer. The significance of physical activities in social isolation is explored. Language: en

What started as a social game on a farm in Stellenbosch developed into a sport in which both men (since 1901) and women (since 1903) participated. The purpose of this study was to document the origin, formation and development of Maties women’s hockey. The club was founded in 1903 and all possible resources were used to reconstruct the activities of the club until 1992, before the men’s and women’s hockey clubs merged. The club had a lot of ups and downs through the years, but that did not dampen the members’ enthusiasm for the sport. Between World Wars I and II all sport participation was suspended and from 1971-1992 South Africa could not participate internationally because of the political situation. This article focuses on the club activities, tours, achievements, hostel hockey and indoor hockey. Key words: Hockey; Stellenbosch; South Africa; Maties; Women’s hockey club Article text in Afrikaans

South African sport history in historically racial marginalised communities remain an under researched area. Recent publications on the topic are filled with gaps and even inaccuracies. In order to address this situation, a scientific-historical enquiry into the A.P.O. Official Organ of the African Political Organisation (A.P.O.) was undertaken. A descriptive account of organized sport that received coverage in the A.P.O. is presented in this article. The A.P.O. carried articles on sport participation of racially marginalised communities not only in urban centres but also obscure rural villages and towns and therefore it is possible get a panoramic view of the situation. The A.P.O claimed that it was the most "widely read Coloured newspaper published in the union of South Africa" (A.P.O., 1912m:9). For this reason, the newspaper provides a comprehensive overview of sport participation levels during the early years of the 20th century.

A scientific-historical study was undertaken in order to investigate the early development of the only multi-coded school sport organization in Cape Town. The study is introduced by identifying the need for researching school sport in South Africa, in particular Cape Town. First a brief overview of multi-coded school sport organization in Cape Town is present ed. Next, the emergence of the Western Province Senior Schools Sport Union (WPSSSU) and how this organization differed with all existing patterns of school sport management is explored. The ideology underpinning this organization, that emphasizes a complete break with ruling class institutions, can be traced back to Trotskyite non-collaboration philosophy. A conclusion is made by stressing the link between sport and schooling and that unjust sport practices flourish because the system of education in South Africa is still unjust. It is therefore imperative that the history of the WPSSSU be recorded because it offered the mass of deprived school children in Cape Town participation opportunities. Key words: School sport, non-racialism, teacher activism, Western Province Senior Schools Sports Union.

(1992). Sport and games in Boer prisoner‐of‐war camps during the Anglo‐Boer war, 1899–1902. The International Journal of the History of Sport: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 439-454.

Nuwe inligting oor rugby onder die Suid-Afrikaners tydens die Tweede Wereldoorlog het na vore gekom. Dit het meestal betrekking op die verhouding tussen die Suid-Afrikaners en die Nieu-Seelanders en veral tydens die einde van die oorlog in Italie. Die kwaai wedywering tussen die twee rugbyspelende lande het tot ''The Book'' aanleiding gegee. Die ''boek'' moes die opponente van rugby leer en daar is selfs die wens uitgespreek dat dit 'n trofee tussen die twee nasies moes word. Behalwe die Suid-Afrika / Nieu-Seeland-verhouding, het Suid-Afrika ook baie gedoen om rugby in Italie te bevorder. Piet Theron van die S.A. Gesantskap het voor die oorlog 'n groot rol hierin gespeel en tydens die oorlog is talle wedstryde teen hulle gespeel, afrigting is onder hulle gedoen en nuwe spelfasette (soos die 3-4-1-skrumformasie) is oorgedra. Die waarde van sport in hierdie omstandighede, en in hierdie geval rugby, moet nie onderskat word nie. Dit het ledigheid teengewerk en so die soldate se goeie geestesgesondheid verseker asook sosiale samehorigheid bewerkstellig. Gesonde internasionale verhoudings (soos met Nieu-Seeland) het hieruit voortgevloei. Terwyl die oorlog 'n einde gemaak het aan baie soldate se rugbyloopbane, het dit weer die geleentheid geskep vir nuwe opkomende sterre.

E.L.C. Watson's pioneering trip through South Africa (1912): The pre-First World War era in South Africa can undoubtedly be characterised by a number of aspects. However, two widely divergent aspects with a common denominator have been selected as the topic. On the one hand there was the struggle for women's rights and on the other hand the boom in motorcycling. The expedition by Ms E.L.C. Watson linked these two poles. The advent of the bicycle brought about a radical change. Suddenly the traveller had complete freedom of choice about the distance and route he wanted to travel. In the light of the Victorian era with all its restrictions, this new freedom of movement was very alluring. The motorcycle evolved out of the bicycle. Following the first Isle of Man TT (Tourist Trophy) in 1907, there was no stopping the popularity of the motorcycle. This influence was felt even in South Africa. It was in this zeitgeist that Ms E.L.C. Watson did her pioneering work by becoming the first person to travel through South Africa by motorcycle. Her trip can be regarded as a continuation of the emancipation of women that had caused thousands of women to turn to cycling a decade earlier. Rapid industrialisation led to the emergence of socialism, which protected the rights of workers. People became more liberal in their thinking. An example of this was women who pressed for suffrage. In Edwardian Britain, Watson was a modern and innovative woman. She was actively involved in women's rights and poverty issues in England and also wanted to make a contribution in this regard in South Africa. However, she found that the wounds caused by the Anglo-Boer War had not yet healed. In view of so much political turmoil the women's suffrage movement was not a priority for the South African government. Her expedition unfortunately did not enjoy much media coverage. The poor reporting left a huge void. Her impressions of the country and its people, full reporting on her public appearances, and her views on South African women and labour issues in particular would have been invaluable. Keywords : E.L.C. Watson, motorcycle, women's rights, Women's Christian Temperance Union, Motosacoche South Africa Journal of Cultural History Vol. 21 (2) 2007: pp. 28-42

“Gymnastics and politics: Niels Bukh and male aesthetics” is an excellent work by Hans Bonde (2006) and depicts the full and interesting life of Niels Bukh, creator of the Danish Primary Gymnastics. On reading this fascinating book it becomes easy to connect Bukh with Afrikaner nationalism, since the time period corresponds and Bukh's goal was the creation of a “perfect body” and a “perfect human race” (p.83). He was also highly active in right-wing Danish politics and was a Nazi supporter. As the Afrikaners were anti-British and therefore pro-German, it was easy for Bonde to create the impression that right-wing radicals in South African education circles were behind the invitation to Bukh to visit the country with his team of gymnasts in 1939: “… providing the European population with a symbol of a pure white strong physique” and “needed not to generate and lose its physical power in relation to the ‘inferior' races” (p.226). However, in-depth research reveals a somewhat different picture. Although physical education was made compulsory in South African schools in 1934, the period 1936-1939 was of great importance in the developmental history of the subject. The poor white problem and the urbanisation after the First World War left a large component of the European minority in a poor state of health. Apart from this there was the poor performance record at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin. In order to resolve this problem the government founded the National Advisory Council for Physical Education in April 1938. One of its primary tasks was to make propaganda for physical education in South Africa. As a result of this Bukh and his team were invited to present his form of gymnastics across the entire country and not only in the “regions dominated” by the Afrikaners (p.227). Keywords : Niels Bukh; Danish gymnastics; Primary gymnastics; South African physical education history. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation Vol. 30 (2) 2008: pp. 121-130

South Africa's biggest achievement at the Olympic Games was in 1912 when Rudolph Lewis won the 320 km cycle road race in Stockholm. This was the only cycle event at these Games and he was the only South African among the 123 riders from 16 countries. His winning time of 10:42:39.0 under shocking conditions bettered the Swedish record by 39:48:00. This article uncovers new information regarding his private life that has been unknown for 93 years. He had beaten the top South African rider of his day, W.R. Smith, in the Olympic trials by being the only rider from a field of 53 to finish a gruelling race over 150 miles in wet conditions. He was born on a farm in the Waterberg district (near Pretoria) but grew up in Germiston. In his youth he was also a good boxer and skater. He worked underground in a gold mine for the nine years preceding the 1912 Olympic Games. In 1913 he joined the professional road racing circuit in Germany, albeit with mixed success. He returned there for the 1914 season and was caught up in the First World War. He apparently served in the German army and was awarded the Iron Cross. The war and life of a prisoner of war left him in a weakened state. He died in 1933 at the relatively young age of 46. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation Vol. 28(2) 2006: 133-145

The findings of this study revealed that in spite of the hardship and depression associated with life in the concentration camps, the inmates also had the opportunity to play. As play is an inherent need of a child, it is not surprising that play would feature in those circumstances although the intensity of participation differed for individuals or at the various camps. It is probably reasonable to speculate that participating in sport and games no doubt brought some relief to the gloom and doom of war. The game of marbles was the most popular game among the children, however, other games such as clay-stick, quoits, button games, five-stones, rope skipping and games with wire and tin toys were also prevalent. The camp authorities went out of their way to introduce sports such as athletics, football, tennis and cricket to promote and accelerate their Anglicisation policy. Especially celebrations such as Christmas, New Year, Easter and the birthday and coronation of King Edward VII were used for this purpose. The sport culture established in this way in the camps endured until after the war when it spread throughout the whole country. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation Vol. 27(2) 2005: 129-141

Table Mountain with its distinctive shape, is without doubt one of the best known mountains in the world. Since the 15th century sailors experienced great happiness and relief when first seeing its imposing mass. The first European to climb this mountain was Antonio de Saldanha in 1503. Although his reason was to determine the position of his fleet, thousands upon thousands of climbers have followed his example since then and for various other reasons: In 1797 Joshua Penny hid on the mountain for 14 months after deserting the British navy, some climbed the mountain for astrological reasons, some to collect species of rock or indigenous plants, while the majority did it for the challenge its majestic aura creates, in other words for recreation. Accidents, some fatal, led to the foundation of the Mountain Club of South Africa in 1891. This club subsequently became the cradle of mountaineering in South Africa. In 1894 only four or five routes were known, all of them easy walks. Within 10 years there were 50 and today there are up to a 1000 routes, of which well over 90% are rock-climbing routes. Table Mountain is not only famous for walking and rock-climbing, but also for caving and hang-gliding, making it one of the most dangerous playgrounds in an urban setting. Mountain Rescue, an institution that celebrated its jubilee in 2000, receives up to 100 calls per annum. Key words: Table Mountain, mountaineering, recreation, history. (Af. J. Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance: 2002 8(1): 94-105)