1. Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers for Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
- Author
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Wenzel M. Hackeng, Hussein A. Assi, Florine H.M. Westerbeke, Lodewijk A.A. Brosens, and Christopher M. Heaphy
- Subjects
X-linked Nuclear Protein ,Nuclear Proteins ,Prognosis ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Neuroendocrine Tumors ,Humans ,Surgery ,Prospective Studies ,Co-Repressor Proteins ,Biomarkers ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ,Molecular Chaperones - Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) represent a clinically challenging disease because these tumors vary in clinical presentation, natural history, and prognosis. Novel prognostic biomarkers are needed to improve patient stratification and treatment options. Several putative prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers (eg, alternative lengthening of telomeres, alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation, X-linked (ATRX)/Death Domain Associated Protein (DAXX) loss) have been independently validated. Additionally, recent transcriptomic and epigenetic studies focusing on endocrine differentiation have identified PanNET subtypes that display similarities to either α-cells or β-cells and differ in clinical outcomes. Thus, future prospective studies that incorporate genomic and epigenetic biomarkers are warranted and have translational potential for individualized therapeutic and surveillance strategies.
- Published
- 2022