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We present a microscopic description of dressed four wave mixing (4WM) demonstrating spectral control of quantum correlations. Starting from a double $\Lambda$ model for a single pump 4WM, we include a dressing field coupling the excited level which leads to a six wave mixing process (6WM). The model describes the enhancement of the amplification and intensity difference squeezing due to the interaction of the dressing field, according to the experimental parameters. Moreover, the model predicts that this mechanism allows the spectral control of the quantum correlations between pair of side-bands by just tuning accordingly the dressing field.

Prevalence and risk factors of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal RA women were assessed in 323 patients and compared with 660 age-matched women. Of patients, 24.15% had at least one vertebral fracture vs.16.06% of controls. Age, glucocorticoids and falls were the main fracture risks. Vertebral fractures were associated with disease severity. Introduction There is little quality data on the updated prevalence of fractures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that may have changed due to advances in the therapeutic strategy in recent years. This study was aimed at analysing the prevalence and risk factors of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with RA and comparing it with that of the general population. Methods We included 323 postmenopausal women diagnosed with RA from 19 Spanish Rheumatology Departments, randomly selected and recruited in 2018. Lateral radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spine were obtained to evaluate morphometric vertebral fractures and the spinal deformity index. We analysed subject characteristics, factors related to RA, and fracture risk factors. The control group consisted of 660 age-matched Spanish postmenopausal women from the population-based Camargo cohort. Results Seventy-eight (24.15%) RA patients had at least one vertebral fracture. RA patients had increased fracture risk compared with controls (106 of 660, 16.06%) (p = 0.02). Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.27-4.00), glucocorticoids (OR 3.83; 95% CI 1.32-14.09) and falls (OR 3.57; 95% CI 1.91-6.86) were the independent predictors of vertebral fractures in RA patients. The subgroup with vertebral fractures had higher disease activity (DAS28: 3.15 vs. 2.78, p = 0.038) and disability (HAQ: 0.96 vs. 0.63, p = 0.049), as compared with those without vertebral fractures. Conclusion The risk of vertebral fracture in RA is still high in recent years, when compared with the general population. The key determinants of fracture risk are age, glucocorticoids and falls. Patients with vertebral fractures have a more severe RA.

Background: Periostin is a matricellular protein with a preferential location in cortical bone and periosteal tissue, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) is a marker of osteoclast numbers. In Paget's disease of bone (PDB), there is increased cortical thickening and probably increased periosteal apposition, along with increased osteoclast numbers. Objectives: To analyse if circulating periostin is a biomarker for PDB, and if it is associated with disease activity and involvement of long bones that represent major cortical contribution. Also, to analyse whether TRAP5b, a scarcely explored bone resorption marker, is useful in the assessment of PDB. Patients and methods: We recruited 42 patients with PDB (13F/29M; 71 11.6 yrs). 71.4% had active disease, 66.6% had polyostotic disease and 54.8% had long bone involvement. Blood and urine samples were taken between 8:00 and 10:00 A.M. after an overnight fast. Periostin and TRAP5b were measured in serum, using commercial ELISA assays (Biomedica and IDS, respectively). Serum total ALP, PINP, CTX, bone ALP and urinary NTX were measured. Reference values for periostin and TRAP5b were obtained from 45 healthy subjects. Results: Serum periostin did not differ between patients and controls (989.4 173.2 vs. 966.9 195.4 pMol/ L, p = 0.572). No significant differences were observed between patients with and without active disease (964.5 168.8 vs.1051.6 175.6 pMol/L, p = 0.143), involvement or not of long bones (1022.2 145.8 vs 949.7 198.2 pMol/L, p = 0.181) and monostotic or polyostotic disease (963.8 198.7 vs 1002.2 161.4 pMol/L, p = 0.505). There were significant correlations between serum periostin and all bone turnover markers (bone ALP, PINP, uNTX, sCTX and TRAP5b) in PDB patients with active disease, but not in the inactive PDB group. Serum TRAP5b was significantly higher in PDB patients than in controls (4.43 1.76 vs. 3.21 1.02 U/L, p < 0.001), in those with active disease (4.98 1.76 vs. 3.07 0.72 U/L, p < 0.001) and in patients with polyostotic disease than in those with monostotic disease (4.81 1.79 vs 3.68 1.5 U/L, p = 0.005). TRAP5b levels were not influenced by previous bisphosphonate treatment (4.14 1.42 vs. 4.84 2.02 U/L, p = 0.206). Conclusions: Periostin is not useful for assessing PDB, whilst TRAP5b, which has been a scarcely explored bone turnover marker until now, may be useful in the analysis of this disease, providing new information on the resorption process. In addition, periostin levels correlate with all classical BTMs in active PDB, suggesting that this marker may reflect periosteal and cortical metabolism in accelerated bone turnover states.

Uno de los campos más amplios y poco explotados en nuestro medio para realizar investigación aplicada, es el de la Ingeniería Biomédica. En él se pueden enfocar los esfuerzos en la adquisición, tratamiento y análisis de biopotenciales (señales biológicas), al igual que en el diseño, construcción y puesta a punto de equipos y sistemas Software/Hardware de uso específico en Medicina.El presente trabajo MEDIDA DEL GASTO CARDIACO es buen ejemplo de ello. Con pocos recursos, y gran dedtcactón , los autores han pretendido desde el comienzo de su realización presentar un prototipo de bajo costo y versatilidad. respetando los índices de seguridad. robustez y calidad de un sistema tradicional.