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Objective: Toxic oil syndrome is a multisystemic disease that arose in 1981 due to the ingestion of contaminated rapeseed oil. Previous studies have found a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in these patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in the prevalence of chronic diseases among a population affected by Toxic oil syndrome compared with a reference population in the Community of Madrid., Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of patients with a registry diagnosed with Toxic oil syndrome in the primary care medical record and a reference sample without Toxic oil syndrome matched by age group and sex. Sociodemographic variables, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, anxiety, depression, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and low back pain, and multimorbidity (≥2 chronic diseases) were assesed. Descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed to study the association between morbidity and Toxic oil syndrome., Results: 3,527 patients (1,394 Toxic oil syndrome) were included with a mean age of 66 (SD14) years, 71% women. Patients with a diagnosis of SAT were more likely to present multimorbidity (OR 1.36; 95%CI: 1.10-1.45), diabetes (OR 1.55; 95%CI: 1.29-1.86), complicated hypertension (OR 1.77; IC95%: 1.31-2.39), heart attack (OR 2.23; 95%CI: 1.47-3.38), depression (OR 1.39; 95%CI: 1.17-1.66) and asthma (OR 1.56; 95%CI: 1.23-1.97). The prevalence of anxiety was lower in TOS (OR 0.35; 95% CI: 0.18-0.69) as well as low back pain (OR 0.77; 95%CI: 0.65-0.91)., Conclusions: Patients with toxic oil syndrome have a higher frequency of chronic diseases and mutimorbidity compared to the general population of the same sex and age.