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A professional practice is a type of internship, a practicum, that encompasses a supervised hands-on training experience for students to develop and identify the core and enabling competencies required in a professional environment. It also allows them to identify the developed and underdeveloped skills that are important in the labour environment while still undergoing an academic training. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to determine the core and enabling competencies required and developed by the students coursing the Library and Information Science Programme at Universidad Tecnologica Metropolitana during their professional practices carried out from 2019 through 2021. To this end, a questionnaire with open and closed-ended questions was used as data collection instrument. It was applied to a sample of 64 graduates from this Programme, out of a universe of 70 students in addition to a focus group to delve deeper into the answers obtained. The results established that both core and enabling competencies had been relevant in their professional practice. The most relevant core competencies were those related to information and knowledge services; information analysis and data retrieval; and organisation of data, information and knowledge assets meanwhile the most relevant enabling competencies were communication, teamwork and adaptability.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: La Asociación de Cardiología Intervencionista de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología (ACI-SEC) y el Grupo de Trabajo de Hemodinámica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología Pediátrica y Cardiopatías Congénitas (GTH-SECPCC) presentan su informe anual de actividad hemodinámica en cardiopatías congénitas correspondiente al año 2022. Métodos: Se invitó a participar a los centros españoles con laboratorio de hemodinámica y actividad intervencionista en cardiopatías congénitas. La recogida de datos se realizó mediante un cuestionario telemático. Una empresa externa analizó los resultados, que fueron revisados por miembros de la ACI-SEC y el GTH-SECPCC. Resultados: Participaron en el registro 22 centros (19 públicos y 3 privados). Se incorporaron al análisis los datos de intervencionismo en cardiopatías congénitas del adulto aportados por otros 99 hospitales al Registro de Hemodinámica y Cardiología Intervencionista de la ACI-SEC del año 2022. Se registraron 1.141 estudios diagnósticos (un 4,3% más que en 2021) y 2.508 cateterismos intervencionistas (un 61,5% más que en 2021). Las técnicas con mayor casuística fueron el cierre de defectos interauriculares (1.135 casos), el cierre de ductus arterioso (262 casos) y la angioplastia de ramas pulmonares (234 casos). El incremento más significativo se comunicó en la valvuloplastia aórtica (48,9%), el cierre de defectos interauriculares (45,2%) y el cierre de comunicación interventricular (40,7%). La tasa de éxito en los procedimientos intervencionistas fue del 97,6%, con una tasa de complicaciones mayores del 1,4 % y una mortalidad intrahospitalaria del 0,2%. Conclusiones: El presente trabajo es la tercera publicación del Registro Español de Intervencionismo en Cardiopatías Congénitas. Se ha comunicado un aumento muy significativo de la mayoría de los procedimientos terapéuticos, destacando el incremento de la valvuloplastia aórtica, del cierre de defectos interauriculares y del cierre de comunicación interventricular. Todas las técnicas intervencionistas han comunicado excelentes datos de seguridad y eficacia.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: The Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ACI-SEC) and the Interventional Working Group of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Cardiology (GTH-SECPCC) present their annual activity report for 2022. Methods: All Spanish centers with catheterization laboratories and interventional activity in congenital heart diseases were invited to participate. Data were collected online and analyzed by an external company, together with the members of the ACI-SEC and the GTH-SECPCC. Results: A total of 22 centers participated (19 public and 3 private). Interventional data on adult congenital diseases contributed by another 99 hospitals to the Registry of Cardiac Catheterization and Interventional Cardiology of the ACI-SEC in 2022 were incorporated into the analysis. A total of 1141 diagnostic studies (4.3% more than in 2021) and 2508 interventional catheterizations (61.5% more than in 2020) were registered. The most frequent procedures were atrial septal defect closure (1135 cases), percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (262 cases), and pulmonary branch artery angioplasty (234 cases). The most significant increases in volume were related to balloon aortic valvuloplasty (48.9%), atrial septal defect closure (45.2%), and ventricular septal defect closure (40.7%). Interventional procedures were successful in 97.6%, with major procedural complications occurring in 1.4% and in-hospital mortality in 0.2%. Conclusions: This report is the third publication of the Spanish Cardiac Catheterization in Congenital Heart Diseases Registry. Both diagnostic and interventional procedures substantially increased, particularly in balloon aortic valvuloplasty, atrial septal defect closure, and ventricular septal defect closure. Most interventional techniques continue to demonstrate excellent safety and effectiveness outcomes.

The objective of this study is to conduct a scoping review of the literature on access and permanence initiatives for the teaching profession aimed at immigrant teachers. The guidelines from the PRISMA-Scr protocol and the Johanna Briggs Institute protocol are used for this purpose. The literature search was performed in 8 databases, selecting 27 documents published between 2006 and 2021. The results show numerous studies on immigrant teachers, but many of them focused on their experiences after having passed an access and permanence initiative, while only a few described them. Three main initiatives for immigrant teachers were found: recertification, attraction, and professional development. Recertification initiatives are the most studied initiatives. No publications made in Ibero-American countries were found. There is a need to create partnerships and networks among researchers and policy makers to support countries that do not have initiatives for immigrant teachers. In addition to injecting resources for initiatives related to the retention and professional development of immigrant teachers, to avoid the loss of valuable human resources that are in short supply.

Sr. Editor: La evolución de las técnicas quirúrgicas, así como la mejor selección y una óptima preparación de los candidatos para la cirugía, han contribuido a disminuir la mortalidad posoperatoria precoz en los pacientes intervenidos de cirugía de Fontan1. Sin embargo, el equilibrio que proporciona la circulación de Fontan es precario y puede fracasar por diferentes causas, que pueden solucionarse con la realización de cateterismos intervencionistas (CI)2-4. Este trabajo describe la experiencia de nuestro centro en la realización de CI y se centra en el tipo de intervencionismo y los factores predictores de estos procedimientos. Llevamos a cabo un estudio retrospectivo de todos los pacientes menores de 18 años operados de Fontan entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2021 en los que se realizó CI por sospecha de lesión anatómica por ecocardiografía (anual) o por resonancia magnética (a los 10 años y luego cada 3 años), o debido a complicaciones como enteropatía pierdeproteínas, bronquitis plástica o hepatopatía. Desde 2017 se realizan cateterismos reglados a los 10 años de la cirugía de Fontan. Todos los pacientes firmaron el consentimiento informado y el estudio fue aprobado por el comité ético del hospital. Se han tenido en cuenta las posibles variables de sexo y género de...

To the Editor, The advances made in surgical techniques followed by the best candidate selection process possible and optimal preparation of patients eligible for surgery have contributed to reducing early postoperative mortality in patients treated with the Fontan procedure.1 However, the balance provided by the Fontan procedure is precarious and can fail for multiple reasons that can be resolved through interventional catheterizations (IC).2-4 This study describes the experience of our center performing IC and focuses on the type of interventional procedures performed and predictors of these. We conducted a retrospective study of all patients < 18 years-old who underwent a Fontan procedure from January 2000 through December 2021 and were treated with IC due to suspected anatomical injury detected by echocardiography (annually) or magnetic resonance imaging (at 10 years and then every 3 years) or complications like protein-losing enteropathy, plastic bronchitis or hepatopathy. Since 2017, scheduled catheterizations are performed 10 years after the Fontan procedure. All patients gave their prior written informed consent, and the study was approved by the hospital ethics committee. Possible sex and gender variables have been considered in accordance with the SAGER guidelines. Descriptive statistics of the demographic, anatomical, hemodynamic, and surgical variables was used. Normally distributed variables were expressed as...

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: La Asociación de Cardiología Intervencionista de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología (ACI-SEC) y el Grupo de Trabajo de Hemodinámica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología Pediátrica y Cardiopatías Congénitas (GTH-SECPCC) presentan su informe anual de actividad hemodinámica en cardiopatías congénitas correspondiente al año 2021. Métodos: Se invitó a participar a los centros españoles con laboratorio de hemodinámica y actividad intervencionista en cardiopatías congénitas. La recogida de datos fue telemática y su análisis lo efectuó una empresa externa junto con miembros de la ACI-SEC y el GTH-SECPCC. Resultados: Participaron 16 centros (15 públicos y 1 privado) que acumulan 34 salas de hemodinámica con actividad en cardiopatías congénitas, 7 (20,5%) de ellas con dedicación exclusiva a pacientes pediátricos. Se registraron 1.094 estudios diagnósticos (5,1% más que en 2020) y 1.553 cateterismos intervencionistas (6,4% más que en 2020). Las técnicas más frecuentes fueron el cierre de comunicación interauricular (336 casos), la angioplastia de ramas pulmonares (231 casos) y el cierre de ductus (228 casos). Respecto al año anterior se incrementaron significativamente las técnicas de implantación de válvulas percutáneas (29,3%), cierre de ductus (20,6%) y angioplastia aórtica (12,8%). La tasa de éxito en los procedimientos intervencionistas fue del 95%, con una tasa de complicaciones mayores del 2,7% y una mortalidad intrahospitalaria del 0,2%. Conclusiones: Este trabajo es la segunda publicación del Registro Español de Intervencionismo en Cardiopatías Congénitas. Se ha constatado un aumento significativo de los procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos, destacando el incremento en la implantación de válvulas percutáneas, el cierre de ductus y la angioplastia aórtica. La mayoría de las técnicas intervencionistas siguen demostrando excelentes datos de seguridad y eficacia.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: This is the 2021 annual activity report from the Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ACI-SEC), and the Interventional Working Group of the Spanish Society of Pediatric Cardiology (GTH-SECPCC). Methods: All Spanish centers with cath lab capabilities and interventional activity in congenital heart diseases were invited to participate. Data were collected online, analyzed by an external company, and ACI-SEC and GTH-SECPCC members. Results: A total of 16 centers participated—15 public and 1 private—including 34 cath labs with experience in congenital heart diseases, 7 of them (20.5%) exclusively dedicated to pediatric patients. A total of 1094 diagnostic studies (4.5% more than 2020) and 1553 interventional catheterizations (5.8% more than 2020) were registered. The most common procedures were atrial septal defect closure (336 cases), pulmonary branch artery angioplasty (231 cases), and percutaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (228 cases). Interventional procedures were considered successful in 95% of the cases with rates of major procedural complication and in-hospital mortality of 2.7% and 0.2%, respectively. Conclusions: This is the second Spanish Cardiac Catheterization in Congenital Heart Diseases Registry report. A significant increase of diagnostic and interventional procedures was reported with a special increase of percutaneous valve implantation, ductus arteriosus closure, and aortic angioplasty. Most interventional techniques continue to demonstrate excellent safety and efficacy outcomes.

La presente investigación analiza el rol de las bibliotecas en la reinserción socioeducativa de adolescentes privados de libertad en 4 países de América Latina: Chile, Argentina, Colombia y México. Se utiliza el enfoque metodológico cualitativo y se aplican entrevistas semiestructuradas a los representantes de las instituciones seleccionadas. Mediante un análisis de contenido, se estudia el rol y la posición de las bibliotecas en las organizaciones que trabajan con los adolescentes privados de libertad. Además, se estudia la importancia del trabajo interdisciplinario y se dan a conocer roles y funciones específicos de las bibliotecas para la inserción y la habilitación social de los jóvenes. Se evidencia la promoción de derechos sociales básicos en la propuesta de actividades y servicios y una diferencia en la experiencia que respalda a cada unidad de información = This research analyzes the role of libraries in the socio-educational reintegration of adolescents deprived from freedom in four Latin American countries: Chile, Argentina, Colombia, and Mexico. The qualitative methodological approach is used, and semi-structured interviews are applied to the representatives of the selected institutions. Through a content analysis, the role and position of libraries in organizations that work with adolescents deprived from freedom are studied. In addition, the importance of interdisciplinary work is studied and specific roles and functions of libraries for the insertion and social empowerment of young people are disclosed. The promotion of basic social rights is evident in the proposal of activities and services and a difference in the experience that supports each information unit.

Abstract Background In patients with axial spondyloarthritis, vertebral fracture risk is elevated and not always correlated with bone mineral density (BMD). Trabecular bone score (TBS) may offer some advantages in the assessment of vertebral fracture risk in these patients. The primary objective of this study was to compare TBS and BMD between axial spondyloarthritis patients depending on their vertebral fracture status. Secondary objectives were to estimate the prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures, and to explore factors associated with fracture, as well as the interference of syndesmophytes on BMD and TBS. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected on demographic and clinical characteristics, lab results, imaging findings and treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v.13 statistical software. Results Eighty-four patients (60 men and 24 women; mean age of 59 years) were included. Nearly half (47.6%) of them had lumbar syndesmophytes. The rate of morphometric fracture was 11.9%. TBS showed a higher area under the curve (0.89) than total hip, femoral neck and lumbar BMD (0.80, 0.78, and 0.70 respectively) for classifying patients regarding their fracture status. Nonetheless, the differences did not reach statistical significance. Syndesmophytes affected lumbar spine BMD (p

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: La Asociación de Cardiología Intervencionista de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología (ACI-SEC) y el Grupo de Trabajo de Hemodinámica de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología Pediátrica y Cardiopatías Congénitas (GTH-SECPCC) presentan el informe de actividad hemodinámica en cardiopatías congénitas de 2020, año de inicio de la pandemia de la enfermedad coronavírica de 2019 (COVID-19). Métodos: Se invitó a participar a los centros españoles con laboratorio de hemodinámica y actividad intervencionista en cardiopatías congénitas. La recogida de datos se realizó telemáticamente; una empresa externa, junto con miembros de la ACI-SEC y el GTH-SECPCC, los analizó. Resultados: Participaron 16 centros (todos públicos), que acumulan 30 salas de hemodinámica con actividad en cardiopatías congénitas, 7 (23,3%) de ellas con dedicación exclusiva a pacientes pediátricos. Se registraron 1.046 estudios diagnósticos y 1.468 cateterismos intervencionistas. Los procedimientos terapéuticos fueron exitosos en el 94,9%, con una tasa de complicaciones mayores del 2% y una mortalidad del 0,1%. Las técnicas más frecuentes fueron el cierre de comunicación interauricular (377 casos), la angioplastia pulmonar (244 casos) y el cierre de ductus arterioso (199 casos). Conclusiones: El presente trabajo representa la primera publicación del Registro Español de Intervencionismo en Cardiopatías Congénitas. La casuística registrada está condicionada por la pandemia de la COVID-19. Los cateterismos diagnósticos siguen teniendo un papel relevante en esta actividad. Para la mayoría de las técnicas intervencionistas se han reportado excelentes datos de seguridad y eficacia.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: The Interventional Cardiology Association of the Spanish Society of Cardiology (ACI-SEC) and the Spanish Society of Pediatric Cardiology Working Group on Interventional Cardiology (GTH-SECPCC) introduce their annual activity report for 2020, the starting year of the pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Methods: All Spanish centers with cath labs and interventional activity in congenital heart diseases were invited to participate. Data were collected online, and analyzed by an external company together with members from the ACI-SEC and the GTH-SECPCC. Results: A total of 16 centers participated (all of them public) including 30 cath labs experienced in the management of congenital heart diseases, 7 of them (23.3%) dedicated exclusively to pediatric patients. A total of 1046 diagnostic studies, and 1468 interventional cardiac catheterizations were registered. The interventional procedures were considered successful in 93.4% of the cases with rates of major procedural complications and mortality of 2%, and 0.1%, respectively. The most frequent procedures were atrial septal defect closure (377 cases), pulmonary angioplasty (244 cases), and the percutaneous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (199 cases). Conclusions: This report is the first publication from the Spanish Cardiac Catheterization in Congenital Heart Diseases Registry. The data recorded are conditioned by the COVID-19 pandemic. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization still plays a key role in this field. Most interventional techniques have reported excellent security and efficacy rates.

L-Asparaginase (ASNase) is used in medicine for neoplasms treatment and in food industry for mitigation of acrylamide in high-temperature processed food. In medicine, commercial ASNases have exhibited side effects and l-glutaminase (GLNase) activity affecting the clinical treatment. The aim of this work was to study a novel ASNase from Enterobacter sp. M55 isolated from Maras Salters in Peru, which was purified and biochemically characterised. This ASNase exhibited a Km of 5.71 mM and a Vmax of 0.16 µmol mL–1 min–1, as well as an optimum temperature and pH of 37 °C and 6, respectively. Moreover, a good activity (80 %) was observed at physiological pH. Likewise, the enzyme increased its activity by around 50% in presence of urea, glutathione, and glucose. Whilst in presence of serum compounds, it kept more that 60 % of activity. In addition, this ASNase showed low GLNase activity.

The advance of electromobility has boosted global demand and interest in lithium. The consequent expansion of lithium mining puts the sustainability of Chile's Andean salt flats at risk. In these unique ecosystems, lithium is abstracted from mineralized groundwaters, referred to also as brines. This article analyses the legal treatment of brines and its implications in assessing the socioecological impacts of lithium mining projects. For our analysis, we draw from scholarship at the intersection between hydrosocial research and critical legal geography. Methodologically, our study is based on interviews and the analysis of legal texts and judicial and administrative claims, including the environmental impact assessment studies of the three single lithium mining projects approved in the country. We show that the interpretation of brines as mining resources supported by mining companies and endorsed by environmental State agencies is based on a legal loophole. We document how such interpretation is operationalized and contested in the environmental impact assessments of three mining projects and other instances. We explore how the same legal loophole could lead to alternative interpretations and relatedly regulatory proposals and discuss their implication for the assessment of socioecological impacts of mining projects. These include first an understanding of brines as hybrids minerals/waters put forward in a recent report commissioned by State agencies, and second an interpretation of brines as a type of water. The latter is in line with the position of some indigenous groups and academics. We conclude with reflections on the implications of our analysis for lithium mining in Chile and beyond.

VUCA es un acrónimo de volatilidad, incertidumbre, complejidad y ambigüedad que se utiliza de diversas formas para describir un entorno que desafía las predicciones seguras. Un ejemplo de este entorno es la pandemia por Covid-19, la cual ha instalado un contexto de incertidumbre a nivel mundial, por tratarse de una enfermedad desconocida y altamente contagiosa, para la cual, ni la sociedad ni las instituciones se encontraban preparadas para afrontar. El propósito de este artículo es describir la producción científica de VUCA para entender su principal enfoque de investigación. Esta investigación analiza 105 documentos de la base de datos Web of Science (WoS) mediante Bibliometría y Análisis de Contenido. El análisis bibliométrico reportó varios índices de producción: anual, personal, nacional, institucionalidad y productividad de las revistas. El análisis de contenido analizó 95 resúmenes de artículos en diecinueve clusters seleccionados por comparación de dos métodos de clustering Latent Dirichlet Allocation y K-Means, utilizando los índices de coherencia y silueta respectivamente. Se encontró que VUCA es un tema emergente con una mayor producción científica en los últimos cuatro años. Sin embargo, no hay grandes productores a la fecha. Los temas más frecuentes son la gestión, el liderazgo y el cambio, donde varias investigaciones hacen hincapié en el papel del líder a la hora de afrontar los cambios. La literatura se ha centrado en la comprensión de las habilidades necesarias para hacer frente a un entorno VUCA y en cómo enseñarlas. Además, se destaca el uso de dos métodos basados en técnicas de aprendizaje automático para estimar la cantidad de grupos de trabajos científicos, como una alternativa para dividir artículos en tópicos cuando el set de datos es pequeño.

Students participation is vital in the teaching - learning processes, acquiring greater relevance in virtual learning environments. However, in online class experiences it has been shown that there is low interaction during synchronous classes, between students and teacher, and among students themselves. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors that intervene in the interaction of the Library Science and Documentation students, of the Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, in synchronous online classes. A survey with open and closed questions was used as a data collection instrument, applied to a sample of 103 regular students of the career, from a universe of 155 students. The results showed that the active participation of students in synchronous online classes is affected by factors internal and external to the learner, including personal, motivational and environmental aspects. = La participación de los estudiantes es vital en los procesos de enseñanza - aprendizaje, adquiriendo mayor relevancia en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje. Sin embargo, en las experiencias de clases online se ha demostrado que existe baja interacción durante las clases sincrónicas, entre estudiantes y docente, y entre los mismos estudiantes. Por ello, esta investigación tiene como propósito identificar los factores que intervienen en la interacción de los estudiantes de la carrera Bibliotecología y Documentación, de la Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, en las clases online sincrónicas. Para ello, se utilizó como instrumento de recolección de datos, un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas, aplicándose a una muestra de 103 alumnos regulares de la carrera, de un universo de 155 estudiantes. Los resultados demostraron que la participación activa de los estudiantes en las clases online sincrónicas se ve afectada por factores internos y externos al educando, entre ellos aspectos personales, motivacionales y medioambientales.

The agricultural and urban water requirements in the Angulo River basin (Mexico) along with land-use change and deforestation have caused great pressure on the region's groundwater availability. The potential climate change impact on groundwater levels of the Zacapu and Pastor Ortiz aquifers is evaluated in this study, using the climate model CMIP5, the hydrological module EVALHID, and the groundwater module AQUIVAL. The regional outputs from three Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) climate scenarios (RCP 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5), for near future (2015–2039) and distant future (2075–2099) projections, indicate that the average annual temperature is expected to increase while a decrease in precipitation is projected over the basin. The assessment of infiltration and water level evolution in these groundwater systems indicates an infiltration reduction between 1.5 and 23%, producing a static level drop between 20 and 30 m in both aquifers. HIGHLIGHTS A groundwater piezometry decrease is assessed as the RCP scenarios increase.; The most considerable effects of temperature and precipitation data are related to winter and spring.; The precipitation behavior is similar throughout the basin, with a small increase in the RCP 6.0 scenario.;

L-asparaginases from bacterial sources have been used in antineoplastic treatments and the food industry. A type II L-asparaginase encoded by the N-truncated gene ansZP21 of halotolerant Bacillus subtilis CH11 isolated from Chilca salterns in Peru was expressed using a heterologous system in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)pLysS. The recombinant protein was purified using one-step nickel affinity chromatography and exhibited an activity of 234.38 U mg−1 and a maximum catalytic activity at pH 9.0 and 60 °C. The enzyme showed a homotetrameric form with an estimated molecular weight of 155 kDa through gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme half-life at 60 °C was 3 h 48 min, and L-asparaginase retained 50% of its initial activity for 24 h at 37 °C. The activity was considerably enhanced by KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, mercaptoethanol, and DL-dithiothreitol (p-value < 0.01). Moreover, the Vmax and Km were 145.2 µmol mL−1 min−1 and 4.75 mM, respectively. These findings evidence a promising novel type II L-asparaginase for future industrial applications.

Co-expression of enzymes allow to produce multiple enzymes in a single host, representing a cost-effective alternative in biocatalytic processes which can be used for pectin bioconversion. Pectin-rich biomass is an abundant by-product from the fruit and sugar industries that is usually disposed in landfill or sold as a low value feedstock. The aim of this work was to co-express a thermophilic pectin methyl esterase (PME) and exo-polygalacturonases (exo-PGs) in a single host for pectin bioconversion into D-galacturonic acid (GalA) using different pectic substrates such as apple, citrus and sugar beet pectin. To achieve this, a PME from Bacillus licheniformis (BLI09) with either an exo-PG from Thermotoga maritima (TMA01) or from Bacillus licheniformis (BLI04) were cloned in pETDuet-1 and co-expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3). Four co-expression plasmids containing both pectinases were constructed and factors such as the effect of the genes’ cloning order and their expression were evaluated. Co-expression constructs 3 and 4 (pETDuet-TMA01-BLI09 and pETDuet-BLI04-BLI09, respectively) showed better expression of both pectinases compared to co-expression constructs 1 and 2 (pETDuet-BLI09-TMA01 and pETDuet-BLI09-BLI04, respectively). Co-expression constructs 3 and 4 were the most efficient for pectin bioconversion into GalA reaching 3 and 2.5 mM GalA, respectively from apple and citrus pectin after 4 h reaction. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the co-expression of pectinases can potentially contribute to reduce the cost associated to their production and purification as well as to increase their applicability for exploiting pectin-rich biomass to obtain bio-based chemicals.