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The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted an important paradox: it has reminded us of the importance of the news media and the central place it occupies in the public space in times of crisis. At the s...

Violências públicas contra jornalistas e meios de comunicação. Introdução

Propos recueillis par Florence Le Cam, Fábio Henrique Pereira & Denis Ruellan

Propos recueillis par Florence Le Cam, Fábio Henrique Pereira & Denis Ruellan

Violences publiques envers les journalistes et les médias. Introduction

Public violence against journalists and media. Introduction

Des mots a la bouche s’ancre dans la lignee des etudes francaises sur le journalisme specialise, alimentees notamment par les travaux precurseurs dans les annees 1970 de Jean-Gustave Padioleau sur les journalistes specialises dans les questions educatives (1976), et tout un ensemble de recherches portant sur les journalismes economique, sportif, medical, judiciaire, social ou encore politique. Ancre dans une tradition tres riche d’etudes des sous-champs du journalisme (Marchetti, 2002), l’ouv...

Ce texte repose sur une question simple, presque dichotomique :l’âgeest-il oui ou non un facteur aggravant d’inégalités pour les journalistesfemmes ?En repartant sur une partie des résultats qui avaient montréle plus de différences entre hommes et femmes dans le rapport Êtrefemme journaliste en Belgique francophone (Le Cam et al. 2018), letexte reprend l’analyse des données quantitatives de l’enquête Portraitdes journalistes belges en 2018 (Van Leuven et al. 2019) pour creuserla situation d’emploi et la sécurité économique des journalistes seniors(hommes et femmes), en tentant de mettre au jour les spécificités dessituations des femmes journalistes seniors. Le constat est clair :l’âgerenforce la permanence de la logique de genre en accentuant mêmecertaines discriminations., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Violências públicas contra jornalistas e meios de comunicação. Introdução

Public violence against journalists and media. Introduction

Le numéro entier - Full Issue - Edição completa

Cet article propose de revenir sur les enjeux méthodologiques liés à la réalisation d’un travail de recherche mené par un binôme de chercheurs binational sur un triple terrain, et s’attarde sur les présupposés, les stéréotypes, les incompréhensions et les mésinterprétations qui ont peuplé cette recherche comparative internationale. Pour affronter les difficultés inhérentes à ce type d’analyse, les chercheurs se sont inspirés de certaines procédures issues de la démarche de l’ethnographie rapide (ER), et notamment de celles relatives aux postures « internes » (insider) et « externes » (outsider). L’article détaille dans un premier temps la mise en place du protocole de recherche binational et la manière dont la ER a été utilisée. Dans un second temps, il explique certains des enjeux de la RE en contexte comparatif : le déséquilibre dans la maîtrise de la langue et des référents culturels, les ajustements dans le contexte de l’entretien, la gestion des identités des chercheurs, les interactions pendant et après l’entretien et la complexité des processus de négociation des significations., This article comments on the methodological issues related to a research project led by a pair of binational researchers over a triple field. It focuses on the presuppositions, stereotypes, misunderstandings and misinterpretations that characterized this international comparative research. To deal with the difficulties inherent in this type of analysis, the researchers took inspiration from certain procedures from the Rapid Ethnography (RE) method, in particular those related to « insider » and « outsider » roles. The article first details how the binational research protocol was established and how RE was used. Secondly, it explains some of the issues surrounding RE in a comparative setting: imbalance in language skills and knowledge of cultural referents, adjustments in interview situations, managing the researchers’ identities, interactions during and after the interview and the complexity of the process of negotiating meanings.

International audience; Scholarly research on journalistic identity revolves around three axes: its historical dimension, its collective dimension, and the materiality of its workplace and work conditions. To study what constitutes identity in the present one must fully grasp its history. To analyze identity also means to study structures of domination, tension, and socialization affecting both the professional group and individuals, and to grasp how these individuals are acted upon by—and act within—society at large. The diversity within the group of actors who produce news must also be examined. One must understand the history of the group; its collective and organizational dimension; how relationships with “the other” are managed; and the production and dissemination of discourse by journalism, on journalism, and on journalists (whether produced by the journalists themselves or not). This plurality of perspectives—of ways of looking at journalistic identities—reveals its inherent heterogeneity, and polysemous and transdisciplinary nature.

National audience

The dynamics of digital news production and distribution challenge the definitions of what is news and who is supposed to produce it. Actors producing relevant information for the debates in the public sphere multiply and the relationships they establish in online spaces such as social media, among them and with journalists and the public, shape what is considered to be news and journalism in any given moment. This article traces the positions in the field of journalism in the city of Brussels, putting professional journalists in the context of the broader community, in order to identify the diversity of actors active in the production of information. A controversy concerning multiculturalism in Brussels serves as a case study. Discourse analysis of the news about the topic and interviews with professional journalists were used to trace the diversity of actors involved in producing narratives about that specific event. Journalists in mainstream media defend a hegemonic position in the construction of the news narrative of the event by dismissing alternative voices to the trusted institutional ones and not recognising the role of community media.

This paper analyzes the strategies of the Canadian corporation Quebecor, a conglomerate regarded as the prototypical media company and a veteran in the process of gradual media convergence. This case study is based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 1999 and 2005, and on a review of the corporation’s activities five years later, in 2010. Synergistically integrating cross–promoting media, strategic partnerships with other media, and structural innovation, Quebecor is the most strongly committed actor in multiplatform production in Quebec – and beyond in English Canada. It has also become an increasingly avid proponent of the concept of the multitasking journalist. The analysis proposed here illustrates not only the transformation of the work of Quebecor employees but also the strategies deployed by a conglomerate to control financial and business opportunities anticipated through media convergence., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Este texto propõe uma análise das estratégias do grupo canadense Québecor a partir de uma pesquisa etnográfica, realizada entre 1999 e 2005, e de uma revisão das atividades do grupo e do estado das relações sociais cinco anos mais tarde, em 2010. O conglomerado representa o protótipo da empresa de comunicação que entrou, desde muito tempo, em um processo progressivo de convergência midiática. Aliando formas de sinergia na promoção cruzada de suportes, parcerias estratégicas com outros veículos e a introdução de inovações estruturais, o Québecor representa, na província canadense do Quebec, o ator que se dedica com mais intensidade à produção multi-plataformas. Nesse ponto, ele promove a figura do jornalista multitarefas, encorajado a multiplicar não apenas sua competência, mas também a produtividade. Contudo, tal dinâmica não cobre apenas as transformações da atividade trabalhistas dos empregados da empresa, mas mostra também as estratégias utilizadas por conglomerado para gerir as possibilidades financeiras e comerciais prometidas pela convergência., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Ce texte propose les premiers resultats d'une recherche sur l'histoire de la nomination de l'objet 'weblog' et sur la circulation initiale du terme (1992-2003) qui fonde progressivement une pratique sociale specifique. L'analyse des filiations anterieures de cette pratique, des acteurs qui l'ont nommee, de ceux qui l'ont promue et defendue, fait apparaitre des luttes discursives entre acteurs. Cela nous amene a proposer une piste de recherche particuliere centree autour du concept de 'dialogisme strategique', inspire des travaux de Moirand (2007) et de Bakhtine (Todorov, 1981), lequel permettrait de penser les pratiques sociales sur le web dans une demarche socio-historique.

This article focuses on journalists’ unions in Quebec. It illustrates the main role they played in the self-structuring of professional journalists and the construction of a collective and public identity. It details the challenge posed by the Internet to journalists and their unions. To that effect, it digs into history and revisits different key moments, documents, and discourses of self-recognition and public affirmation of the group. That history is looked at in relation to an “event,” the introduction of the Internet, which forced the unions to deal with the potentially disrupting effects of the new practices being developed. Resume : Ce texte repose sur une analyse de la syndicalisation du groupe des journalistes du Quebec. Il illustre le role central joue par les syndicats dans le processus de structuration du groupe des journalistes professionnels et de la construction publique et collective de leur identite. Il s’attarde sur le defi actuel pose par l’Internet aux journalistes et a leurs syndicats. Le texte propose donc une perspective historique, un rappel des differents moments, documents et discours qui jalonnent le processus de construction et d’affirmation publique du groupe. Celui-ci sert de cadre a l’analyse plus contemporaine d’un ‘evenement’, l’introduction d’Internet dans le milieu journalistique, qui a force les syndicats a gerer l’emergence de nouvelles pratiques et de nouveaux acteurs.

This paper explores how the study of objects of journalism, retraced through the material traces left in metajournalistic discourses, might constitute a robust basis to investigate change and permanence in contemporary journalism. We delineate a research program focusing on materiality that requires foremost that objects should not be taken for granted and, therefore, that each object’s social history be minutely retraced. Stemming from two specific objects (the blog and the hyperlink), the paper argues that beyond their idiosyncrasies, both follow a similar rationale that could be extrapolated to other objects and lead to a materially focused social history of journalism in a digital age. The paper first clarifies how we approached the notion of “objects of journalism” and which objects we chose to study. Then, we show how different theoretical frameworks led us to adopt a similar research stance and a shared hypothetico-inductive path: determining how objects are parts of a series and analyzing metajour...