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1. A thesaurus for soil invertebrate trait-based approaches.

Author: Benjamin Pey, Marie-Angélique Laporte, Johanne Nahmani, Apolline Auclerc, Yvan Capowiez, Gaël Caro, Daniel Cluzeau, Jérôme Cortet, Thibaud Decaëns, Florence Dubs, Sophie Joimel, Muriel Guernion, Charlène Briard, Fabien Grumiaux, Baptiste Laporte, Alain Pasquet, Céline Pelosi, Céline Pernin, Jean-François Ponge, Sandrine Salmon, Lucia Santorufo, and Mickaël Hedde
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Soil invertebrates are known to be much involved in soil behaviour and therefore in the provision of ecosystem services. Functional trait-based approaches are methodologies which can be used to understand soil invertebrates' responses to their environment. They (i) improve the predictions and (ii) are less dependent on space and time. The way traits have been used recently has led to misunderstandings in the integration and interpretation of data. Trait semantics are especially concerned. The aim of this paper is to propose a thesaurus for soil invertebrate trait-based approaches. T-SITA, an Internet platform, is the first initiative to deal with the semantics of traits and ecological preferences for soil invertebrates. It reflects the agreement of a scientific expert community to fix semantic properties (e.g. definition) of approximately 100 traits and ecological preferences. In addition, T-SITA has been successfully linked with a fully operational database of soil invertebrate traits. Such a link enhances data integration and improves the scientific integrity of data.
Published: 2014
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2. Do morphological traits of ground-dwelling ants respond to land use changes in a neotropical landscape?

Author: Catalina Sanabria, Sébastien Barot, Steven J. Fonte, Florence Dubs, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Colombian Ministry of Agriculture., PDBCEX Conv.568, from Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovacion - COLCIEN-CIAS in Colombia., and Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
Subjects: Soil management, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], RLQ analysis, Soil Science, Land uses, Soil properties, Ant species
Abstract: International audience; Analyzing the impacts of agricultural activities on biodiversity requires a full knowledge of the ecology of the studied species. Using a trait-based approach may improve our ability to understand land use impacts on less well-studied species in order to establish general trends that will facilitate the prediction of these impacts. In this study, we applied a trait-based approach to understand the impact of land use change on ant communities in the Colombian Llanos region. Five common land uses were considered (annual crops, rubber plantations, oil palm plantations, improved pastures and semi-natural savannas) to test whether some morphological traits respond to soil properties and land uses. An RLQ analysis shows a significant common structure between species distribution, environmental factors, and morphological ant traits. This indicates that morphological traits could be used to predict the response of ant communities in different land uses since they respond to environmental characteristics as vegetation complexity, composition and management. Based on the selected morphological ant traits,three groups of land uses were differentiated: grazing-based systems, agroforestry plantations and annual crops. Agroforestry plantations, especially rubber plantations tend to host larger and specialized ant species, while grazing-based systems (i.e. improved pastures) mainly host small and generalist ants, and annual crops host more pigmented ants. These findings suggest that certain morphological traits can reflect the ability of ant species to settle down and survive in a given land use system. Our study shows that improving knowledge about trait-environment associations could be a useful way to better understand how ecological filtering shape neotropical ant communities and how they respond to landscape transformation and land use changes.
Published: 2022
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3. Spatiotemporal Changes in Varietal Resistance to Wheat Yellow Rust in France Reveal an Increase in Field Resistance Level During the Period 1985-2018

Author: M. Leconte, Jérôme Enjalbert, Rémi Perronne, Philippe du Cheyron, Florence Dubs, Claude de Vallavieille-Pope, Tiphaine Vidal, Valérie Cadot, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ARVALIS, GEVES, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), ARVALIS - Institut du végétal [Paris], 773311, European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme, 513959, European Framework Programme 6, 031499, European Framework Programme 6 Rex, 265865, European Framework Programme 7, 11-116241, Ministry of Higher Education and Science, ANR-11-LABX-0034, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, European Project: 773311,European Union, European Project: 513959,EFP6, European Project: 031499,EFP6Rex, and European Project: 265865,EFP7
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, Biology, Plant disease resistance, all-stage race-specific resistance, 01 natural sciences, Rust, epidemic, resistance, 03 medical and health sciences, stripe (yellow) rust, disease control and pest management, genetics and resistance, pathogene, weighted average age of varieties, Triticum, 030304 developmental biology, Disease Resistance, Plant Diseases, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, adult plant non-race-specific resistance, Resistance (ecology), Basidiomycota, food and beverages, Agronomy, agricultural, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, fungal pathogens, France, field adult plant resistance level, genetic, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Online; International audience; Monitoring spatiotemporal changes in varietal resistance and understanding its drivers seem essential to managing plant diseases but require having access to the genetic basis of disease resistance and to its deployment. In this study, we focused on yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ) for three decades in France, by using field adult plant resistance levels, Yr race-specific resistance genes of varieties, presence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotypes and their virulence profiles, and systematic surveys of the acreages of bread wheat varieties available at a yearly survey time and at a district level. Based on these data, we studied spatiotemporal changes in varietal resistance over the period from 1985 to 2018 in 54 French administrative districts (hereafter “departments”) by using a set of relevant indicators weighted by the relative acreage proportion of the varieties sown at the department level. Our analyses revealed an increase in varietal resistance over decades that would be due to the accumulation of both quantitative resistance and different race-specific resistance genes. We suggest that, beyond breeders, several actors, including examination offices, agricultural advisory services, and farmers, may have had a substantial influence on these spatiotemporal changes, promoting more resistant varieties and the rapid replacement of newly susceptible varieties by still resistant ones at the beginning of each epidemic.
Published: 2021
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4. Topsoil characteristics of forests and lawns along an urban–rural gradient in the Paris region (France)

Author: Naoise Nunan, Ludovic Foti, Luc Abbadie, Sébastien Barot, François Nold, Thomas Z. Lerch, Jean-Christophe Lata, Xavier Raynaud, Michel Grimaldi, Jacques Gignoux, Florence Dubs, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Tomsk Polytechnic University [Russie] (UPT), Paris Green Space and Environment Division (DEVE), Regional Agency for Biodiversity ile-de-France (ARB idF), ANR-14-CE22-0021,ECOVILLE,La végétalisation des murs et des rues comme outil de résilience urbaine ?(2014), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: physical urban soil characteristics, characteristics, hydrostructural urban soil characteristics, Soil Science, urban-rural gradient, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Urban forest, Urban planning, Urbanization, 11. Sustainability, physical urban soil, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, forests, Topsoil, chemical urban soil characteristics, Lawn, anthrosols, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Pollution, Soil quality, Geography, lawns, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Urban ecosystem, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; Urban soils are a crucial component of urban ecosystems, especially in public green spaces, because of the ecosystem services they provide (e.g. public recreation, urban cooling or water infiltration). In this study, we describe the chemical, physical and hydrostructural characteristics of 180 forest and lawn surface soil samples, taken along an urban-rural gradient in the Paris region. This was done in order to identify how these soils have been affected by urbanization. Forests and lawns are the main vegetation types found in this region and represent 21% and 22.2% of the territory's surface area, respectively. Many of the properties of urban forest soils differed from those of other sites (e.g. texture, organic carbon content, total nitrogen and carbonate contents), possibly because the urban forests are much older than the lawns and because of the legacy of the historical management of soils in this region (Haussmann period). Urban lawn soils were more compacted than urban forests, probably due to higher foot traffic. The effects of urbanization were, at times, confounded with other factors (e.g. sandier texture of urban forests), which suggests that surface soil characteristics were influenced by past urban planning. Finally, this study constitutes a baseline analysis for the monitoring of soil quality in the region.
Published: 2020
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5. Biodiversity loss along a gradient of deforestation in Amazonian agricultural landscapes

Author: Raphaël Marichal, Xavier Arnaud de Sartre, Solen Le Clec'h, Luz Elena M. Zararte, Danielle Mitja, Ivaneide S. Furtado, Thibaud Decaëns, Florence Dubs, Diego Andrés Bonilla, Patrick Lavelle, Sylvain Dolédec, Rodolphe Rougerie, Izildinha Miranda de Souza, Alex Velasquez, Marlucia Bonifacio Martins, Catarina Praxedes, George G. Brown, Johan Oszwald, Valérie Gond, Yeimmy Andrea Cuellar Criollo, Erika Gordillo, Alexander Feijoo, D. Ruiz, Jérôme Mathieu, Catalina Sanabria, and Joel Tupac Otero
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 2. Zero hunger, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, Land use, Amazon rainforest, Agroforestry, business.industry, Amazonian, Biodiversity, Tropics, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geography, 13. Climate action, Deforestation, Agriculture, Species richness, business, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: Assessing how much management of agricultural landscapes, in addition to protected areas, can offset biodiversity erosion in the tropics is a central issue for conservation that still requires cross-taxonomic and landscape-scale studies. We measured the effects of Amazonia deforestation and subsequent land-use intensification in 6 agricultural areas (landscape scale), where we sampled plants and 4 animal groups (birds, earthworms, fruit flies, and moths). We assessed land-use intensification with a synthetic index based on landscape metrics (total area and relative percentages of land uses, edge density, mean patch density and diversity, and fractal structures at 5 dates from 1990 to 2007). Species richness decreased consistently as agricultural intensification increased despite slight differences in the responses of sampled groups. Globally, in moderately deforested landscapes species richness was relatively stable, and there was a clear threshold in biodiversity loss midway along the intensification gradient, mainly linked to a drop in forest cover and quality. Our results suggest anthropogenic landscapes with high-quality forest covering >40 % of the surface area may prevent biodiversity loss in Amazonia.
Published: 2018
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6. Genetic variation of the epigeic earthworm Lumbricus castaneus populations in urban soils of the Paris region (France) revealed using eight newly developed microsatellite markers

Author: Agnès Gigon, Valentin Deschins, Hélène Audusseau, Lise Dupont, Cassandre Dume, Florence Dubs, Maxime Pauwels, Franck Vandenbulcke, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Est Créteil, Université de Lille, French National Research Agency (ANR) as a part of the project Ecoville, town council of Paris through the Paris2030 calls for projects, Ile de France region through the 'Partenariats institutions-citoyens pour la recherche et l'innovation' (Picri), and 'Institut de Recherches Pluridisciplinaires en Sciences de l'Environnement' (IREPSE, Lille 1 University)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Soil Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Genetic diversity, 11. Sustainability, Genetic variation, Inbreeding, education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Earthworm, Earthworm populations, Urban area, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), 13. Climate action, Genetic structure, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Microsatellite, Epigeal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Urban soils are subject to intense environmental pressures, e.g. physical disturbance, surface transformation and pollution, which greatly impact the activity of soil organisms. The epigeic earthworm Lumbricus castaneus (Savigny, 1826) is known to be tolerant to trace elements contamination of soils and was found to be abundant in the urban context. In order to investigate how urban environmental stressors shape the population genetic variation of this species, we developed 8 microsatellite loci from a microsatellite-enriched genomic library. Polymorphism was explored in 6 populations (153 individuals) from the Paris region. The number of alleles per locus varied from 7 to 29. The average expected heterozygosity within populations ranged from 0.596 to 0.705. These new microsatellite markers revealed a significant genetic structure at fine spatial scale, highlighting that they could be particularly useful for genetic studies of populations in urban soils.
Published: 2019
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7. Positive effects of wheat variety mixtures on aboveground arthropods are weak and variable

Author: Alan Vergnes, Sébastien Barot, Emmanuelle Porcher, Isabelle Le Viol, Laure Bentze, Emilie Mirlicourtois, Florence Dubs, Christian Kerbiriou, Jérémie Goulnik, Soumaya Belghali, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), and ANR WHEATAMIX project of the French National Research Agency [ANR-13-AGRO-0008]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biological pest control, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, cultivar mixtures, spiders, Ground beetle, Farmland biodiversity, Ground beetles, Abundance (ecology), farmland biodiversity, Rove beetle, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Biomass (ecology), Genetic diversity, biology, Resistance (ecology), rove beetles, food and beverages, Spiders, 15. Life on land, plant-insect interactions, biology.organism_classification, winter wheat, Winter wheat, Agronomy, Cultivar mixtures, Plant-insect interactions, Rove beetles, ground beetles, human activities, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Although modern agriculture generally relies on homogeneous varieties that are usually grown in pure stands, crop variety mixtures have been used for a long time, notably to improve resistance to fungal diseases. A growing number of studies suggest that intraspecific plant diversity may also enhance the abundance and diversity of wild species and thereby some ecosystem services such as biological control by natural predators. However, positive effects of the genetic diversity of plant species on the diversity of associated communities have mostly been documented in natural systems, with only a handful of studies targeting crop species in agroecosystems. Here, we investigated the ecological effects of the number of winter wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum) on aboveground arthropods and particularly predatory species. We manipulated the number of wheat varieties (1, 2,4 or 8) in 120 plots (80 m(2) each) to examine how wheat diversity and stand characteristics impact communities of three dominant aboveground arthropod groups that include many predatory species: ground beetles, rove beetles and spiders. The number of wheat varieties had a weak, but positive effect on predator abundance, notably spider abundance. In contrast, wheat functional diversity, as assessed by the number of wheat functional groups, was only negatively related to the diversity of spiders. Among wheat stand characteristics, the variance in plant height, wheat biomass and the Green Area Index were weakly correlated with ground beetle, rove beetle and predatory diversity, respectively. The Green Area Index was also weakly correlated with ground beetle abundance. Our study suggests that wheat variety mixtures have variable and limited effects on aboveground arthropods and probably low effectiveness to enhance biological control, but these results should be further tested under low-input agriculture in real fields
Published: 2018
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8. Trace element concentrations along a gradient of urban pressure in forest and lawn soils of the Paris region (France)

Author: Ludovic Foti, Jacques Gignoux, Florence Dubs, Jean-Christophe Lata, Xavier Raynaud, Naoise Nunan, Thomas Z. Lerch, François Nold, Sébastien Barot, Jérôme Mathieu, Luc Abbadie, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Paris Green Space and Environment Division (DEVE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), ANR ECOVILLE project ANR-14-CE22-0021 NatureParif, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) )
Subjects: 010501 environmental sciences, Forests, 01 natural sciences, ECOLOGICAL RISK, Soil, PARTICULATE MATTER, 11. Sustainability, Soil Pollutants, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Total organic carbon, Cadmium, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Particulates, Contamination, Urban-rural gradient, HEAVY-METAL DISTRIBUTION, CONTAMINATION, INDUSTRIAL, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Monitoring, Pollution, Paris, Environmental Engineering, media_common.quotation_subject, chemistry.chemical_element, Poaceae, LEAD, CADMIUM, POLLUTION, Metals, Heavy, Green spaces, Lawns, Environmental Chemistry, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trace elements, AREA, Environmental engineering, Trace element, Lawn, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Soils, HONG-KONG
Abstract: International audience; The concentration, degree of contamination and pollution of 7 trace elements (TEs) along an urban pressure gradient were measured in 180 lawn and wood soils of the Paris region (France). Iron (Fe), a major element, was used as reference element. Copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) were of anthropogenic origin, while arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) were of natural origin. Road traffic was identified as the main source of anthropogenic TEs. In addition, the industrial activity of the Paris region, especially cement plants, was identified as secondary source of Cd. Soil characteristics (such as texture, organic carbon (OC) and total nitrogen (tot N) contents) tell the story of the soil origins and legacies along the urban pressure gradient and often can explain TE concentrations. The history of the land-use types was identified as a factor that allowed understanding the contamination and pollution by TEs. Urban wood soils were found to be more contaminated and polluted than urban lawns, probably because woods are much older than lawns and because of the legacy of the historical management of soils in the Paris region (Haussmann period). Lawn soils are similar to the fertile agricultural soils and relatively recently (mostly from the 1950s onwards) imported from the surrounding of Paris, so that they may be less influenced by urban conditions in terms of TE concentrations. Urban wood soils are heavily polluted by Cd, posing a high risk to the biological communities. The concentration of anthropogenic TEs increased from the rural to the urban areas, and the concentrations of most anthropogenic TEs in urban areas were equivalent to or above the regulatory reference values, raising the question of longer-term monitoring.
Published: 2017
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9. Collembolan biodiversity in Mediterranean urban parks: Impact of history, urbanization, management and soil characteristics

Author: Jérôme Cortet, Alessandro Bellino, Florence Dubs, Johanne Nahmani, S. Strumia, Giulia Maisto, V. Milano, Daniela Baldantoni, Milano, V., Cortet, J., Baldantoni, D., Bellino, A., Dubs, F., Nahmani, J., Strumia, S., and Maisto, G.
Subjects: Park management, Collembola community, Biodiversity, Soil Science, Urban density, Land cover, Dominance/diversity analysis, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Soil quality, Dominancediversity analysis, Urbanization, Land use, land-use change and forestry, Recreation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, Land use, Agroforestry, Dominance/diversity analysi, Urban green space, Urban green spaces, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Geography, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries
Abstract: Urban parks provide esthetic and recreational services and improve the quality of life in cities. Sometimes considered as biodiversity hot-spots in cities, they are subjected to different management practices which may affect soil biological quality. This is the first study – performed in urban parks of Naples (southern Italy) – aiming to evaluate the effects of park history (age, previous land use of the area and soil origin), urbanization (sealed surface density of park neighborhood), current management (land cover type and litter presence/absence) or soil physico-chemical properties on collembolan communities diversity, as indicators of soil biological quality. Our results showed that the maintenance of specific land cover types and the presence of a litter layer were crucial factors in favoring high collembolan richness in urban parks, likely by ensuring adequate trophic resources and spatial niches. In addition, park age, urban density and previous land use of areas may be involved in shaping collembolan communities. Indeed, the most diverse and structured communities inhabit soils of the oldest urban park, with the lowest surrounding urban density and mild land use change.
Published: 2017

10. Influence of regions, land uses and soil properties on termite and ant communities in agricultural landscapes of the Colombian Llanos

Author: Florence Dubs, Steven J. Fonte, Patrick Lavelle, Sébastien Barot, Catalina Sanabria, International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Department of Soil and Crop Sciences [Fort Collins], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), International Center for Tropical Agriculture, and Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Savannas, Soil biology, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Ecosystem engineer, Ecosystem services, Soil ecosystem engineer, annual crops, Ecosystem, 2. Zero hunger, soil ecosystem engineer, Rubber plantations, Land use, Agroforestry, business.industry, Soil physical and chemical properties, oil palm plantations, Perennial crops, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Tillage, Oil palm plantations, Geography, Agriculture, Annual crops, Insect Science, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, soil physical and chemical properties, business, rubber plantations, perennial crops
Abstract: International audience; Ants and termites, as soil engineers, provide many ecosystem services that can be important for the sustainability of agriculture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of land use on ant and termite communities in Colombian savanna landscapes, and to assess whether this impact is associated with the modification of soil physical and chemical properties. Ants and termites were sampled in five different agricultural and semi-natural systems across three regions of the 3 eastern Colombian Llanos: 1) annual crops (maize, soy and rice), 2) rubber plantations, 3) oil palm plantations, 4) improved pastures and 5) semi-natural savannas. A total of 91 ant and 16 termite species were collected. Multivariate analysis revealed that termite communities significantly differed among land uses, but not between regions. Ant communities differed between regions and land uses. Based on between group analyses of termite communities, three groups of land use can be distinguished: one formed by semi-natural savannas and improved pastures, the second by oil palm plantations and annual crops and the third by rubber plantations. General linear models applied separately to each species found 19 significant associations of soil physical or chemical properties, land uses or regions with 15 ant species and 14 significant associations with 6 termite species. Taken together, there is a strong association between land use and ant or termite communities and this influence is likely due to changes in ant and termite habitats resulting from agricultural practices such as tillage, fertilization, and lime addition. These results suggest that annual crops are the most detrimental land use for termites and ants, because their communities are highly sensitive to vegetation cover and agricultural practices such as tillage. Maintaining a high diversity of soil engineers and the ecosystem services they provide likely depends on the maintenance of natural ecosystems in the landscape and the adoption of practices that reduce impacts on soil ecosystem engineers when native ecosystems have been transformed into agricultural systems.
Published: 2016
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11. Environmental factors at different spatial scales governing soil fauna community patterns in fragmented forests

Author: Pedro Martins da Silva, Florence Dubs, Matty P. Berg, Artur R. M. Serrano, José Paulo Sousa, Animal Ecology, and Amsterdam Global Change Institute
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, Ecology, Hierarchical Patch Dynamics Paradigm, Life-forms, Soil biology, Geography, Planning and Development, Spatial scale, Community structure, Community weighted trait mean, Variance partitioning, Geography, Boreal, Habitat, Patch dynamics, Spatial ecology, Collembola, Landscape ecology, Land-use, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: Spatial and temporal changes in community structure of soil organisms may result from a myriad of processes operating at a hierarchy of spatial scales, from small-scale habitat conditions to species movements among patches and large-sale landscape features. To disentangle the relative importance of spatial and environmental factors at different scales (plot, patch and landscape), we analyzed changes in Collembola community structure along a gradient of forest fragmentation, testing predictions of the Hierarchical Patch Dynamics Paradigm (HPDP) in different European biogeographic regions (Boreal, Continental, Atlantic, Mediterranean, Alpine). Using variance partitioning methods, based on partial CCAs, we observed that the independent effect of environmental processes was significantly explaining Collembola community variance in all regions, while the relative effect of spatial variables was not significant, due to the observed high levels of landscape heterogeneity along the gradient. Environmental factors at the patch and plot scales were generally significant and explained the larger part of community changes. Landscape variables were not significant across all study sites. Yet, at the landscape level, an increase in forest habitat and proximity of forest patches were showed to have an indirect influence on local community changes, by influencing microhabitat heterogeneity at lower spatial scales in all studied regions. In line with HPDP, large-scale landscape features influenced spatio-temporal changes in soil fauna communities by constraining small-scale environmental processes. In turn, these provided mechanistic understanding for diversity patterns operating at the patch scale, via shifts in community weighted mean of Collembola life-forms occurring in local communities along the fragmentation gradient. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Published: 2012
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12. Trophic level modulates carabid beetle responses to habitat and landscape structure: a pan-European study

Author: Allan D. Watt, Silvia Stofer, Eva Ivits, Guillaume Boulanger, Thomas Bolger, Artur R. M. Serrano, José Luis Lencina, Adam J. Vanbergen, Valerie Golden, Ben A. Woodcock, José Serrano, Carlos Aguiar, D. Johan Kotze, Anne-Catherine Grandchamp, Petra Adler, Jari Niemelä, Gyözö Szél, Florence Dubs, Jochum Markus, and Matti J. Koivula
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, predator, Ecology, biology, granivore, 15. Life on land, Wildlife corridor, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, trophic rank, ground beetle, 010602 entomology, Ground beetle, Habitat, Abundance (ecology), Insect Science, Herbivore, Ruderal species, Species richness, Functional group (ecology), Trophic level
Abstract: 1. Anthropogenic pressures have produced heterogeneous landscapes expected to influence diversity differently across trophic levels and spatial scales. 2. We tested how activity density and species richness of carabid trophic groups responded to local habitat and landscape structure (forest percentage cover and habitat richness) in 48 landscape parcels (1 km2) across eight European countries. 3. Local habitat affected activity density, but not species richness, of both trophic groups. Activity densities were greater in rotational cropping compared with other habitats; phytophage densities were also greater in grassland than forest habitats. 4. Controlling for country and habitat effects we found general trophic group responses to landscape structure. Activity densities of phytophages were positively correlated, and zoophages uncorrelated, with increasing habitat richness. This differential functional group response to landscape structure was consistent across Europe, indicated by a lack of a country × habitat richness interaction. Species richness was unaffected by landscape structure. 5. Phytophage sensitivity to landscape structure may arise from relative dependency on seed from ruderal plants. This trophic adaptation, rare in Carabidae, leads to lower phytophage numbers, increasing vulnerability to demographic and stochastic processes that the greater abundance, species richness, and broader diet of the zoophage group may insure against.
Published: 2010
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13. Experimental assessment of habitat preference and dispersal ability of soil springtails

Author: Jean-François Ponge, Appoline Auclerc, Florence Dubs, Sébastien Barot, Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Fonctionnement, évolution et mécanismes régulateurs des écosystèmes forestiers (ECOTROP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, FORET, Fauna, Soil Science, FAUNE DU SOL, Land-use preference, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, STRUCTURE DE POPULATION, Transfer experiment, Springtail, Generalist and specialist species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Grassland, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Soil preference, Forest, HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION SPATIALE, Response traits, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Morphological traits, biology.organism_classification, Deciduous, MESOFAUNE, PRAIRIE, Habitat, Meadow, Habitat preference, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Collembola, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Biological dispersal, UTILISATION DU SOL, Dispersal ability
Abstract: International audience; Beside biotic interactions, habitat preference and dispersal ability of species play a prominent role in the building of animal species assemblages. However, these traits are usually very poorly documented for soil organisms. A soil transfer experiment was designed to study habitat preference (including land-use and soil preference) and dispersal ability of soil springtail species living in a meadow and in an adjoining deciduous forest. The study was performed in the Morvan Regional Natural Park (Central France), using untreated or defaunated soil blocks, transferred to another land-use or replaced in their original land-use. Land-use preference was quantified in untreated and untransferred samples from meadow and forest. Dispersal ability was estimated from the time at which species colonized defaunated samples in their own habitat. Soil preference was estimated from the colonization rate of defaunated samples by comparing transferred and untransferred soil blocks. Results showed that in the community, 6% of species were land-use generalists, 30% were soil generalists and 36% recolonized defaunated soil blocks within a week. Land-use preference, soil preference and dispersal ability were largely independent components of species characteristics. Although our experiment dealt only with small-scale colonization, comparisons between species showed that the dispersal type based on anatomical features (legs, antenna, furcula, visual apparatus) does not allow predicting the dispersal ability of these species. Discrepancies between land-use preference and soil preference suggest that other habitat features must be relevant for Collembola, and that a trade-off exists between eco-physiological and biotic interactions (including food requirements).
Published: 2009
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14. Unsustainable landscapes of deforested Amazonia: an analysis of the relationships among landscapes and the social, economic and environmental profiles of farms at different ages following deforestation

Author: E.R. Castañeda, Pascale de Robert, Xavier Arnauld de Sartre, Tupac Otero, Pierre Bommel, Erika Gordillo, Florence Dubs, Iran Veiga, Alexander Feijoo, Gamaliel Rodriguez, Stéphanie Tselouiko, Thierry Desjardins, Marlucia Bonifacio Martins, Philippe Léna, William Santos de Assis, Michel Grimaldi, Fernando Michelotti, Thibaud Decaëns, Simão Lindoso de Souza, Bernard Hubert, Elena Velasquez, Patrick Lavelle, Bertha L Ramírez, Jaime E. Velásquez, Sylvain Dolédec, Valéry Gond, Edward Guevara, Alexander Velasquez, Izildinha Souza Miranda, Catalina Sanabria, R. Marichal, Catarina Praxedes, María del Pilar Hurtado, Danielle Mitja, Steven J. Fonte, René Poccard, Patricia Chacón, Johan Oszwald, Tamara Lima, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centro International de Agricultura Tropical, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Société, environnement, territoire (SET), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 BSEF), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Institut national de la recherche agronomique (France). Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (UMR 408) (Avignon), Universidad de la Amazonia, Florencia, Caqueta, Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Para [Belem - Brésil], Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales, Centre International de Recherche en Agriculture et Développement, Universidad del Valle [Cali] (Univalle), Patrimoines Locaux et Gouvernance (PALOC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia (UFRA), Universidade federal rural da Amazonia, UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universidad Nacional de Colombia Palmira, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biens et services des écosystèmes forestiers tropicaux : l'enjeu du changement global (UPR BSEF), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Unité de recherche d'Écodéveloppement (ECODEVELOPPEMENT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Universidad de la Amazonia [Caquetá], Federal University of Para - Universidade Federal do Pará - UFPA [Belém, Brazil] (UFPA), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi [Belém, Brésil] (MPEG), Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), ANR-06-PADD-001-011/ ANR 06 BIODIV 009-01/ Brazilian CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico) 490649/2006-8, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), and Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Geography, Planning and Development, agroécologie, Biodiversity, Socioecological systems Amazonia Landscapes Biodiversity Ecosystem services Social wellbeing Economic ef␣ciency, Agroforesterie, Développement agricole, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Environmental protection, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Utilisation des terres, Ecology, Amazon rainforest, Agroforestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Explained variation, Geography, protection de la forêt, Forb, Natural capital, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Biodiversité, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, Human capital, Durabilité, Paysage, 15. Life on land, Déboisement, services écosystémiques, Développement rural intégré, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; In Amazonia, our knowledge of the trade-offs and possible thresholds in the relationships among social, economic and environmental parameters remains quite limited and hinders the design of sustainable socio-environmental systems. To fill this gap, we analyzed relationships among landscape metrics, socio- economic patterns, biodiversity and soil-based ecosystem services within a total of 51 farms located at 6 sites of the Colombian and Brazilian Amazon. Farms were representative of an initial set of 274 and they represented colonization ages from 10 to 80 years and a range of public policies found in the region. Two farms were abandoned in Colombia for local reasons.Cluster analysis separated farms in 7 types of production systems according to 5 main criteria (size of the farm, human capital, incomes, farm products and production intensity) selected from an initial set of 18 criteria. Biodiversity was summarized into a composite index Bd built with data from 8 different groups: trees, shrubs, grasses and forbs, birds, Saturnidae and Sphingidae moths, Drosophilidae, earthworms and ants. Provision of ecosystem services was quantified by a composite indicator of 6 sub- indicators of soil hydrological functions, C storage and chemical fertility. Increasing intensity of production systems was linked to a significant decrease of indicators of natural capital biodiversity (Bd) and soil based ecosystem services (Es) with 20% and 37.3% variance explained, respectively. No relationship was observed between production systems and an indicator of human wellbeing (Sb) based on a set of 5 criteria identified with the farmers. Findings indicate that early colonizers migrate when a certain level of development has been achieved (as a result of their activities) and are replaced by wealthier populations.An overall indicator of sustainability (Su) – that combines production efficiency (Ep), Sb, Bd and Es indices (ranging from 0.1–1.0) – decreases significantly with the landscape intensification (Li) with 18.7% variance directly explained by this relationship. Su was also significantly related to production systems (36.4% variance explained): while this indicator remained relatively stable with a value of 0.5 across the early and intermediate phases following deforestation, it dropped down considerably (0.2) for production systems based on cattle ranching on highly degraded pastures with less than 2% forest cover remaining. Restoration with sylvopastoral systems allowed some farms of this former group to increase sustainability to a value of 0.35 after less than 5 years. Agroforestry systems on sites deforested at the same time maintained values around 0.5, as they allowed the maximum production efficiencies and maintained relatively high values of the Biodiversity (Bd) and Ecosystem services (Es) indexes. This is evidence that beyond the general negative trade-off between human development and natural capital observed in Amazonia, agro ecological options to revert the trend are quite promising. A general methodological approach for the reconstruction of sustainable landscapes in farms of the deforested Amazonian region is proposed as a conclusion.
Published: 2016
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15. Collembolan preferences for soil and microclimate in forest and pasture communities

Author: Sébastien Barot, Jacques Meriguet, Margot Suillerot, Sandrine Salmon, Florence Dubs, David Carmignac, Charlène Heiniger, Jean-François Ponge, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), R2DS program of the Conseil Regional d'Ile-de-France, French Ministry of Ecology, Energy and Sustainable Development (MEEDDM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, forest and pasture soil, Soil biodiversity, Fauna, Field experiment, Soil biology, Microclimate, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Pasture, Soil pH, habitat preference, collembolan communities, 2. Zero hunger, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, microclimate effect, 15. Life on land, Habitat, field experiment, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; The goal of the present study was to determine whether the habitat preference of collembolan species is more influenced by soil properties or by microclimate and whether the preference for a given soil matches the preference for the corresponding microclimate. To answer these questions, we set up a soil core transfer experiment between a forest and an adjacent pasture. We first eliminated the entire soil fauna from forest and pasture soil cores and inoculated them with a new community originated from forest or pasture. After enclosing them, in order to prevent exchanges of soil animals between treated soil and surrounding environment, soil cores were transplanted back to the field for four months and a half. The experimental design comprises every combination of three factors (community origin, soil nature and microclimate) for a total of 8 treatments. Twenty-two species were present in the experiment, 16 of which were present in more than 10% of the experimental soil cores. We determined habitat preference for these 16 species using a large dataset comprised of field observations in the same region. Results showed that most forest species did not withstand pasture microclimate, although some of them preferred pasture soil. Likewise several pasture species were favoured by the forest microclimate, some of them also preferring forest soil. We concluded that forest species were absent (or less abundant) in pastures because they are not resistant enough to drought, while pasture species were absent (or less abundant) in forests because of food requirements, and/or soil physicochemical properties such as soil pH and organic carbon content, and/or were less competitive. Moreover, when selecting their habitat,some species are submitted to a trade-off between preferences for different habitat features.
Published: 2015
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16. Performance of Macrolichens and Lichen Genera as Indicators of Lichen Species Richness and Composition

Author: Christine Keller, Ruth J. Mitchell, Florence Dubs, Pat Wolseley, Gregorio Aragón, Víctor J. Rico, Simon Davey, Pedro Pinho, Urs Groner, Edit Farkas, Cristina Máguas, Silvia Stofer, Sampsa Lommi, Kati Kärkkäinen, Ariel Bergamini, Michael Dietrich, Alan Watt, Anne-Marie Truscott, László Lökös, Christoph Scheidegger, and Palmira Carvalho
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology, CITES, Library science, Vegetation, Biology, 15. Life on land, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Detrended correspondence analysis, Geography, Genus, Botany, Composition (visual arts), Species richness, Epiphyte, Crustose, Lichen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 010606 plant biology & botany, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: In the search for cost-effective methods for measuring and monitoring lichen diversity, we tested the performance of two possible indicators: lichen genus diversity and macrolichen diversity. We studied the lichen vegetation of eight European countries situated in six different biogeographic regions. In each country, six land-use units (each 1 km 2 )r epresenting a land-use gradient ranging from old-growth forest to farmland were sampled (n = 48) for terricolous, saxicolous, and epiphytic lichens at 16 plots each. We found 768 different lichen species belonging to 157 genera. Relationships between richness and density of genera and species, species and macrolichens, and crustose lichens and macrolichens were highly significant (p < 0.001) for all substrates combined and for epiphytic and saxicolous lichens. Richness and density of genera and macrolichens explained a large amount of variation of the species richness and density (R 2 : 71.9%-98.0%). Th er elationship between crustose lichens and macrolichens explained less of the variation (R 2 : 37.7%-70.1%). Effects of land-use intensity on the richness and density of genera, species, and crustose lichens were similar, except for a strong difference between the forested and the more open land-use units for epiphytic crustose lichens. For epiphytic macrolichens there were fewer significant effects. Detrended correspondence analysis indicated similar ordering of sites along the major gradients and similar length of these gradients for genera, species, macrolichens, and crustose lichens. Both genera and macrolichens are useful indicators of total lichen species richness and density. Macrolichens, however, are more suitable indicators than genera owing to (1) their
Published: 2005
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17. Promoting earthworm abundance by reducing pesticides in agricultural systems

Author: Céline Pelosi, François Chiron, Florence Dubs, Mickael Hedde, Audrey Muratet, Jean-François Ponge, Stéphanie Salmon, David Makowski, UR 0251 Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Santé des plantes et environnement (S.P.E.)-Environnement et Agronomie (E.A.)-Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés (PESSAC), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), OBDU - Direction de la Nature, des Paysages et de la Biodiversité, Conseil général de la Seine-Saint-Denis, Bobigny, France., Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement - UMR-A 614 (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UR Infectiologie animale et Santé publique (UR IASP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physicochimie et Ecotoxicologie des SolS d'Agrosystèmes Contaminés (PESSAC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract: absent
Published: 2014

18. A thesaurus for soil invertebrate trait-based approaches

Author: Florence Dubs, Thibaud Decaëns, Alain Pasquet, Lucia Santorufo, Daniel Cluzeau, Yvan Capowiez, Gaël Caro, Benjamin Pey, Baptiste Laporte, Marie-Angélique Laporte, Muriel Guernion, Charlène Briard, Sophie Joimel, Apolline Auclerc, Fabien Grumiaux, Céline Pelosi, Jean-François Ponge, Céline Pernin, Mickaël Hedde, Johanne Nahmani, Jérôme Cortet, Sandrine Salmon, Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), PESSAC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale (LTE), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement (LGCgE) - ULR 4515 (LGCgE), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Animale (UMR GMA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés, Centre de synthese et d’analyse sur la biodiversité / Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité (http://cesab.org/index.php?lang=fr, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Physicochimie et Ecotoxicologie des SolS d'Agrosystèmes Contaminés (PESSAC), Pey, Benjamin, Laporte, Marie-Angélique, Nahmani, Johanne, Auclerc, Apolline, Capowiez, Yvan, Caro, Gaël, Cluzeau, Daniel, Cortet, Jérôme, Decaëns, Thibaud, Dubs, Florence, Joimel, Sophie, Guernion, Muriel, Briard, Charlène, Grumiaux, Fabien, Laporte, Baptiste, Pasquet, Alain, Pelosi, Céline, Pernin, Céline, Ponge, Jean-Franҫoi, Salmon, Sandrine, Santorufo, Lucia, Hedde, Mickaël, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire Génie Civil et Environnement (EA 4515), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Animale (UGMA), Laboratoire Génie Civil et géo-Environnement (EA 4515), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Biodiversité et Ecologie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population Dynamics, lcsh:Medicine, computer.software_genre, Ecosystem services, Invertebrate, lcsh:Science, semantics, base de données, Thesaurus (information retrieval), Multidisciplinary, Environmental resource management, Biodiversity, T-SITA, Soil Ecology, donnée sémantique, invertébré du sol, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, trait écologique, Information Technology, Data integration, Research Article, Computer and Information Sciences, thesaurus, Soil Science, ecological preferences, Biology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Semantics, soil, Biodiversity and Ecology, Databases, species traits, Controlled vocabulary, Soil ecology, Animals, Ecosystem, Population Dynamic, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), business.industry, Animal, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, invertebrates, Relational Databases, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all), lcsh:Q, internet platform, business, computer, Operational database
Abstract: International audience; Soil invertebrates are known to be much involved in soil behaviour and therefore in the provision of ecosystem services. Functional trait-based approaches are methodologies which can be used to understand soil invertebrates' responses to their environment. They (i) improve the predictions and (ii) are less dependent on space and time. The way traits have been used recently has led to misunderstandings in the integration and interpretation of data. Trait semantics are especially concerned. The aim of this paper is to propose a thesaurus for soil invertebrate trait-based approaches. T-SITA, an Internet platform, is the first initiative to deal with the semantics of traits and ecological preferences for soil invertebrates. It reflects the agreement of a scientific expert community to fix semantic properties (e.g. definition) of approximately 100 traits and ecological preferences. In addition, T-SITA has been successfully linked with a fully operational database of soil invertebrate traits. Such a link enhances data integration and improves the scientific integrity of data.
Published: 2014
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19. WHEATAMIX Project : Increasing within-field wheat diversity to foster ecosystem services in the Parisian basin

Author: Vincent Allard, Bruno Andrieu, Sébastien Barot, Julie Borg, Amélie Cantarel, Céline Cervek, François Coléno, Claude Pope de Vallavieille, Dominique Descoureaux, Florence Dubs, Jerome Enjalbert, Feret, M., Nathalie Galic, Arnaud Gauffreteau, Gilet, J. D., Isabelle Goldringer, Mourad Hannachi, Houivet, G., Sophie Pin, Marie-Helene Jeuffroy, Christian Kerbiriou, Pierre Labarthe, Jean Christophe Lata, Christophe Lecarpentier, Lejars, L., Lemain, B., Stephane Lemarié, Leny, F., Xavier Le Roux, Le Viol, M., Christophe Montagnier, Audrey Niboyet, Omond, B., Piaud, S., Franck Poly, Thomas Pommier, Emmanuelle Porcher, Sébastien Saint-Jean, Sandrine Salmon, Didier Tropee, Tiphaine Vidal, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Environnement et Grandes Cultures (EGC), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest]), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Chambre Régionale d'Agriculture du Centre, Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), CA 41, Chambre d'Agriculture du Loir et Cher, France., Chambre d'Agriculture du Loir et Cher (CA 41), Chambre d'Agriculture de l'Indre (CA 36), Agronomie, FDGEDA Cher, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chambre d'Agriculture du Loiret, Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble (GAEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF), Chambre d'Agriculture de l'Eure (CA 27), Domaine expérimental de Versailles-Grignon (UEVG), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Chambre d'Agriculture de la Seine et Marne, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée = Grenoble Applied Economics Laboratory (GAEL), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales ( GDEC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Environnement et Grandes Cultures ( EGC ), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Ouest] ), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) ( GQE-Le Moulon ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecologie microbienne ( EM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon ( ENVL ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires ( SADAPT ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, BIOlogie GEstion des Risques en agriculture - Champignons Pathogènes des Plantes ( BIOGER-CPP ), Chambre d'Agriculture du Loir et Cher ( CA 41 ), Chambre d'Agriculture de l'Indre ( CA 36 ), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation ( CESCO ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble ( GAEL ), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 ( UPMF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Chambre d'Agriculture de l'Eure ( CA 27 ), Domaine expérimental de Versailles-Grignon ( UEVG ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [ SDV.BV ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, triticum, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, région parisienne, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, service écosystémique, winter wheat
Abstract: WHEATAMIX Project : Increasing within-field wheat diversity to foster ecosystem services in the Parisian basin. 3. International Conference on Biodiversity and the UN Millennium Development Goals,Biodiversity and Food Security – From Trade-offs to Synergies
Published: 2014

20. Current use of and future needs for soil invertebrate functional traits in community ecology

Author: Alain Pasquet, Florence Dubs, Yvan Capowiez, Sophie Joimel, Apolline Auclerc, Thibaud Decaëns, Charlène Briard, Fabien Grumiaux, Sandrine Salmon, Lucia Santorufo, Daniel Cluzeau, Johanne Nahmani, Benjamin Pey, Louis Deharveng, Marie-Angélique Laporte, Céline Pernin, Mickaël Hedde, Jérôme Cortet, Céline Pelosi, Jean-François Ponge, PESSAC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Synthèse et d’Analyse sur la Biodiversité (CESAB), Fondation pour la recherche sur la Biodiversité (FRB), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Génie Civil et Environnement (EA 4515), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Structural and Functional Bioloogy, University of Naples Federico II, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversité FRB 'BETSI' 11000502, Pey, Benjamin, Nahmani, Johanne, Auclerc, Apolline, Capowiez, Yvan, Cluzeau, Daniel, Cortet, Jérôme, Decaëns, Thibaud, Deharveng, Loui, Dubs, Florence, Joimel, Sophie, Briard, Charlène, Grumiaux, Fabien, Laporte, Marie-Angélique, Pasquet, Alain, Pelosi, Céline, Pernin, Céline, Ponge, Jean-Françoi, Salmon, Sandrine, Santorufo, Lucia, Hedde, Mickaël, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Origine, structure et évolution de la biodiversité (OSEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement (LGCgE) - ULR 4515 (LGCgE), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Lille Douai), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Assembly rules, Environmental change, Ecology (disciplines), Soil biology, media_common.quotation_subject, Biology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Database management system, Life history theory, Soil fauna, Behaviour, Community ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Community, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Life-history trait, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Ambiguity, Disturbance, 15. Life on land, Constraint, Thesaurus, Thesauru, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Trait, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business, Ecological preference
Abstract: International audience; Soil invertebrates are assumed to play a major role in ecosystem dynamics, since they are involved in soil functioning. Functional traits represent one of the main opportunities to bring new insights into the understanding of soil invertebrate responses to environmental changes. They are properties of individuals which govern their responses to their environment. As no clear conceptual overview of soil invertebrate trait definitions is available, we first stress that previously-described concepts of trait are applicable to soil invertebrate ecology after minor modification, as for instance the inclusion of behavioural traits. A decade of literature on the use of traits for assessing the effects of the environment on soil invertebrates is then reviewed. Trait-based approaches may improve the understanding of soil invertebrate responses to environmental changes as they help to establish relationships between environmental changes and soil invertebrates. Very many of the articles are dedicated to the effect of one kind of stress at limited spatial scales. Underlying mechanisms of assembly rules were sometimes assessed. The patterns described seemed to be similar to those described for other research fields (e.g. plants). The literature suggests that trait-based approaches have not been reliable over eco-regions. Nevertheless, current work gives some insights into which traits might be more useful than others to respond to a particular kind of environmental change. This review also highlights methodological advantages and drawbacks. First, trait-based approaches provide complementary information to taxonomic ones. However the literature does not allow us to differentiate between trait-based approaches and the use of a priori functional groups. It also reveals methodological shortcomings. For instance, the ambiguity of the trait names can impede data gathering, or the use of traits at a species level, which can hinder scientific interpretation as intra-specific variability is not taken into account and may lead to some biases. To overcome these shortcomings, the last part aims at proposing some solutions and prospects. It concerns notably the development of a trait database and a thesaurus to improve data management.
Published: 2014
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21. Effect of habitat spatiotemporal structure on collembolan diversity

Author: Florence Dubs, Charlène Heiniger, Jean-François Ponge, Sandrine Salmon, Sébastien Barot, David Carmignac, Léo Botton-Divet, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Collège de France (CdF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conseil Régional d’Ile-de-France (R2DS program), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biodiversity, Soil Science, Biology, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Forest versus agriculture, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Habitat fragmentation, Land use, Ecology, fungi, Fragmentation (computing), 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Soil carbon, Reproductive isolation, Patch age, 15. Life on land, Collembolan diversity, Habitat, Patch isolation, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Colonization credit, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Biological dispersal, Landscape structure and dynamics
Abstract: International audience; Landscape fragmentation is a major threat to biodiversity. It results in the transformation of continuous (hence large) habitat patches into isolated (hence smaller) patches, embedded in a matrix of another habitat type. Many populations are harmed by fragmentation because remnant patches do not fulfil their ecological and demographic requirements. In turn, this leads to a loss of biodiversity, especially if species have poor dispersal abilities. Moreover, landscape fragmentation is a dynamic process in which patches can be converted from one type of habitat to another. A recently created habitat might suffer from a reduced biodiversity because of the absence of adapted species that need a certain amount of time to colonize the new patch (e.g. direct meta-population effect). Thus landscape dynamics lead to complex habitat spatiotemporal structured, in which each patch is more or less continuous in space and time. In this study, we define habitat spatial structure as the degree to which a habitat is isolated from another habitat of the same kind and temporal structure as the time since the habitat is in place. Patches can also display reduced biodiversity because their spatial or temporal structures are correlated with habitat quality (e.g. indirect effects). We discriminated direct meta-community effects from indirect (habitat quality) effects of the spatiotemporal structure of habitats on biodiversity using Collembola as a model. We tested the relative importance of spatial and temporal structure of habitats for collembolan diversity, taking soil properties into account. In an agroforested landscape, we set up a sampling design comprised of two types of habitats (agriculture versus forest), a gradient of habitat isolation (three isolation classes) and two contrasting ages of habitats. Our results showed that habitat temporal structure is a key factor shaping collembolan diversity. A reduced diversity was detected in recent habitats, especially in forests. Interactions between temporal continuity and habitat quality were also detected by taking into account soil properties: diversity increased with soil carbon content, especially in old forests. Negative effects of habitat age on diversity were stronger in isolated patches. We conclude that habitat temporal structure is a key factor shaping collembolan diversity, while direction and amplitude of its effect depend on land use type and spatial isolation.
Published: 2014
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22. Long‐term changes in agricultural practices and wildfowling in an internationally important wetland, and their effects on the guild of wintering ducks

Author: Patrick Duncan, R. Rosoux, Vincent Bretagnolle, Florence Dubs, Françoise Burel, T. Tournebize, A. J. M. Hewison, S. Houte, Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0106 biological sciences, Anas, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Wigeon, biology.organism_classification, Anatidae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Grassland, Shoveler, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Geography, Flyway, Guild, Waterfowl, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: 1. The Marais Poitevin, one of the principal wintering and passage sites for ducks and waders in the East Atlantic flyway, underwent agricultural intensification in the 1980s. The numbers of ducks declined in the period 1979–96 in the main roost, Baie de l’Aiguillon; this was a site-specific phenomenon for which local factors were responsible. We describe here long-term changes in some key characteristics of the wetlands, paying particular attention to the principal factors affecting the quality of waterbird habitat: the area of semi-natural grasslands, water management and wildfowling. 2. The area of grasslands declined by 50% between 1970 and 1995, principally as a result of conversion to arable farmland. The pattern was observed over the whole area and was slightly more marked close to the day-roost of the ducks. The rate of change was greatest in the 1980s. Water levels, and therefore the flooded area, were reduced over the study period during the months of May to November. The numbers of wildfowlers declined from the 1970s, but the number of artificial wildfowling ponds increased, especially after 1980. The number of birds killed did not decline and may have increased. The quality of the ducks’ habitat therefore declined by all three measures. 3. Four species, mallard, shoveler, teal and gadwall, showed an increase in other sites in north and west France either over the whole period or over the last part (1984–96), while declining (shoveler and mallard) or remaining stable in the Baie de l’Aiguillon. Pintail remained stable in the other sites, while showing a long-term decline (over 30 years) in the Baie. Wigeon did not use the Baie in large numbers in the 1996 cold spell as they did until the 1980s. 4. The uncoupling of the trends for these species in the Baie from their trends in the other sites may reflect the loss of grassland feeding habitat in the Marais Poitevin. However, for mallard, pintail and shoveler the declines in the Baie were much stronger than the 50% loss of grasslands so other factors, such as the reduction in autumn flooding and/or shooting, are likely to have played a part. 5. Since the three measures of long-term trends in duck habitat co-varied it was not possible to separate their effects statistically. The hypotheses arising from this study need to be tested: this should be done using comparative and experimental approaches. Suggestions are made for the management of water levels and shooting in the feeding habitat close to the Baie de l’Aiguillon.
Published: 1999
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23. Ecosystem services of regulation and support in Amazonian pioneer fronts: searching for landscape drivers

Author: Raphaël Marichal, Norberto Cornejo Noronha, Florence Dubs, Elena Velasquez, E.R. Castañeda, Patrick Lavelle, Izildinha Souza Miranda, Luiz Gonzaga Silva Costa, Gamaliel Rodriguez, William Santos de Assis, Simão Lindoso de Souza, Sylvain Dolédec, Fernando Michelotti, Xavier Arnauld de Sartre, Danielle Mitja, Tâmara Thaiz Santana Lima, Edward Guevara, Thierry Desjardins, Max Sarrazin, Johan Oszwald, Michel Grimaldi, Mário Lopes da Silva, Mariana Nascimento Delgado Oliveira, Bertha L Ramírez, Iran Veiga, Valéry Gond, María del Pilar Hurtado, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique (LETG - Rennes), Littoral, Environnement, Télédétection, Géomatique UMR 6554 (LETG), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Équipe 1 - Biodiversité des Écosystèmes Lotiques (BEL), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Société, environnement, territoire (SET), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation agroécologique et innovation variétale (UPR AIVA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Grupo Investigación GISAPA, Universidad de la Amazonia, Actividad Agropecuaria, Territorios y Sistemas agroalimentarios localizados (AGRITERRIS), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-06-PADD-001-011, ANR 06 BIODIV 009-01), Brazilian Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Biodiversité des Écosystèmes Lotiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), International center for tropical agriculture (CIAT), International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Adaptation agroécologique et innovation variétale (Cirad-Bios-UPR 104 AIVA), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université d'Angers (UA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN)
Subjects: Trade-offs, Land-use intensity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Socioeconomic drivers, Geography, Planning and Development, Stockage, Enquête sur exploitations agricoles, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, F01 - Culture des plantes, Biomasse, couverture du sol, service, Agroecosystems, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), Utilisation des terres, Ecology, Water storage, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, B10 - Géographie, séquestration du carbone, Agroécosystème, Soil chemical quality, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Eau d'infiltration, Écosystème, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Carbone, Agro- ecosystems, Télédétection, Matière organique du sol, Water infiltration, Ecosystem, Couverture végétale, Propriété physicochimique du sol, Eau du sol, atténuation des effets du changement climatique, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols, Changement climatique, Érosion, Forestry, Cycle hydrologique, 15. Life on land, Soil ecosystem services, Carbon storage, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Spatial variability, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Landscape ecology, Soil fertility
Abstract: International audience; Landscape dynamics result from forestry and farming practices, both of which are expected to have diverse impacts on ecosystem services (ES). In this study, we investigated this general statement for regulating and supporting services via an assessment of ecosystem functions: climate regulation via carbon sequestration in soil and plant biomass, water cycle and soil erosion regulation via water infiltration in soil, and support for primary production via soil chemical quality and water storage. We tested the hypothesis that patterns of land-cover composition and structure significantly alter ES metrics at two different scales. We surveyed 54 farms in two Amazonian regions of Brazil and Colombia and assessed land-cover composition and structure from remote sensing data (farm scale) from 1990 to 2007. Simple and well-established methods were used to characterize soil and vegetation from five points in each farm (plot scale). Most ES metrics were significantly correlated with land-use (plot scale) and land-cover (farm scale) classifications; however, spatial variability in inherent soil properties, alone or in interaction with land-use or land-cover changes, contributed greatly to variability in ES metrics. Carbon stock in above-ground plant biomass and water infiltration rate decreased from forest to pasture land covers, whereas soil chemical quality and plant-available water storage capacity increased. Land-cover classifications based on structure metrics explained significantly less ES metric variation than those based on composition metrics. Land-cover composition dynamics explained 45 % (P < 0.001) of ES metric variance, 15 % by itself and 30 % in interaction with inherent soil properties. This study describes how ES evolve with landscape changes, specifying the contribution of spatial variability in the physical environment and highlighting trade-offs and synergies among ES.
Published: 2014
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24. Distribution spatiale des passereaux nicheurs dans un paysage bocager. Recherche de variables explicatives

Author: Françoise Burel and Florence Dubs
Subjects: Ecology, landscape ecology, heterogeneity, breeding birds, passereaux nicheurs, écologie du paysage, hétérogénéité, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: The spatial distribution of breeding birds was studied in a 225 ha site in a hedgerow network landscape. The site was studied with 36 sampling plots in order to find out environmental variables which explain the variability of spatial distribution. Four variables were tested : two habitat variables and two landscape variables. Results point out the need to take into account all landscape elements in breeding birds distribution study., La distribution spatiale des passereaux nicheurs dans un paysage bocager a été analysée sur un site bocager de 225 ha (36 stations d'échantillonnage) afin de déterminer les variables environnementales les plus explicatives de sa variance. Quatre variables ont été testées : deux concernent l'habitat, deux concernent l'organisation spatiale des éléments du paysage. Nos résultats montrent l'intérêt de considérer le paysage en continu dans l'analyse de la répartition des passereaux nicheurs., Dubs Florence, Burel Françoise. Distribution spatiale des passereaux nicheurs dans un paysage bocager. Recherche de variables explicatives. In: Ecologia mediterranea, tome 23 n°1-2, 1997. pp. 47-53.
Published: 1997
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25. Reduction of pesticide use can increase earthworm populations in wheat crops in a European temperate region

Author: Sandrine Salmon, Mickaël Hedde, Florence Dubs, Jean-François Ponge, Céline Pelosi, Lucile Toutous, François Chiron, David Makowski, Audrey Muratet, PESSAC, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Conservation des espèces, Restauration et Suivi des Populations (CERSP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Observatoire départemental de la Biodiversité urbaine (ODBU), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Agronomie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Conservation des espèces, restauration et suivi des populations (CERSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: Treatment Frequency Index, Organic farming, Soil biodiversity, Conventional cropping system, SOL CULTIVE, Pesticide application, DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Population density, ABONDANCE, PESTICIDE, Pesticides, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, biology, business.industry, Agroforestry, Earthworm, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Pesticide, biology.organism_classification, Earthworm density, DENSITE DE POPULATION, Agronomy, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Animal Science and Zoology, Arable land, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, LOMBRIC
Abstract: Avec les remerciements pour Jodie Thénard; International audience; Agricultural intensification has led to reduced soil biodiversity in arable lands. The potential benefits from organic farming and from low-input cropping systems have not yet been precisely assessed. Earthworm, having important agro-ecological functions, may be affected by pesticide applications, especially those species living mainly in the surface soil layer. We used a five-year experimental database including conventional and organic cropping systems to establish simple relationships between the Treatment Frequency Index - a phytosanitary indicator of pesticide pressure - and the abundance of three important earthworm species. We found that insecticides have more negative influence on earthworm species than herbicides and fungicides, and that species living in the soil's surface layer were the most affected by pesticides. Density of these earthworm species could be multiplied by a factor 1.5-4 if the Treatment Frequency Index was halved, as is currently required by some European regulations. Our results thus demonstrate that a reduction in pesticide application would increase earthworm population density in agricultural fields.
Published: 2013
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26. Réduire les pesticides pour augmenter les densités de populations de vers de terre en systèmes agricoles

Author: Céline Pelosi, Lucile Toutous, François Chiron, Florence Dubs, Mickael Hedde, Audrey Muratet, Jean-François Ponge, Sandrine Salmon, David Makowski, Physico-chimie et Ecotoxicologie des Sols d'agrosystèmes contaminés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), PESSAC, Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IBIOS Interactions biologiques dans les sols, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), BIOTROP, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and Physicochimie et Ecotoxicologie des SolS d'Agrosystèmes Contaminés (PESSAC)
Subjects: Treatment Frequency Index, Organic farming, Pesticides, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Conventional system, Earthworm density
Abstract: Intensification of agricultural practices has reduced soil biodiversity in cultivated fields. The use of organic farming and of low-input cropping systems could be beneficial to soil organisms but their actual impacts on soil biodiversity have not been sufficiently investigated. Earthworm species, which have important agro-ecological functions, may be affected by pesticides applications but pesticide effect may vary among species depending on their location in the soil. The purpose of this study is to establish relationships between a pressure indicator i.e., Treatment Frequency Index or TFI, and an impact indicator i.e., earthworm density. Densities of three earthworm species in contact with soil surface i.e., Lumbricus castaneus, Lumbricus terrestris and Allolobophora chlorotica, were measured in 15 site years cultivated with conventional cropping system and in 15 site-years with organic systems near Paris, France. TFI were calculated on the different plots for herbicides, insecticides,fungicides, and all pesticides. Two types of statistical models were fitted to the data and were used to predict earthworm densities in function of the four types of TFI. Results showed that an increase of TFI had significant negative effects on earthworm densities, but that the extend of these effects depended on both pesticide type and earthworm species; insecticides were most harmful for earthworms than herbicides and fungicides and species leaving the more in contact with soil surface were more affected by pesticides. Our study showed that the density of L. castaneus could be multiplied by four in agricultural fields if the TFI is halved in the future
Published: 2012

27. Vers une meilleure utilisation des traits fonctionnels des invertébrés du sol

Author: Benjamin Pey, Mickael Hedde, Yvan Capowiez, Jérôme Cortet, Thibaud Decaëns, Louis Deharveng, Florence Dubs, Muriel Guernion, Fabien Grumiaux, Bertrand Laporte, Marie-Aline Laporte, Johanne Nahmani, Alain Pasquet, Céline Pelosi, Céline Pernin, Jean-François Ponge, Sandrine Salmon, Unité de recherche Science du Sol (USS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université des Sciences et Technologies (Lille 1) (USTL), Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Transfert Sol-Plante et Cycle des Eléments Minéraux dans les Ecosystèmes Cultivés (TCEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, and Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2012

28. Spatial organization of earthworm assemblages in pastures of northwestern France

Author: Benoit Richard, Thibaud Decaëns, Florence Dubs, Gaël Caro, Marc Legras, Pierre Margerie, Lise Dupont, Sébastien Barot, Jérôme Mathieu, Thierry Desjardins, Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Unité de recherche en agro-écologie des territoires (AGRI'TERR ), École supérieure d'ingénieurs et de techniciens pour l'agriculture (ESITPA), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biotic interactions, Soil Science, Spatial distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Sampling design, Temperate climate, Earthworms, Community ecology, SADIE analysis, Spatial organization, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Community, Ecology, Pastures, Earthworm, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Interspecific competition, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Spatial patterns, Insect Science, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Spatial ecology, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Earthworms Spatial patterns Community ecology Pastures SADIE analysis Biotic interactions, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Studying spatial patterns of soil engineers has become an important issue that may contribute to a better understanding of soil functioning. We investigated the spatial patterns of earthworm species assemblages in a recently settled and an old temperate pasture. Earthworms were sampled following a spatially explicit sampling design. Data were analysed using Spatial Analysis by Distance IndicEs methods to describe the main characteristics of earthworm spatial patterns: aggregation index, patch and/or gap number and size, and the frequencies of species association or dissociation. Ten lumbricid species composed the earthworm assemblages in both pastures, some of them displaying a spatial distribution characterized by clusters with areas of patches and gaps. By comparing aggregation indices between the pastures, an increase of the spatial organization level in the community was observed in the old pasture. We also observed differences between the pastures in the number of aggregated species, cluster characteristics, ratio between spatial association/dissociation and spatial overlap. We also found some significant relationships between species pairs that were already described in the literature, enabling us to discuss the possible nature of interactions. Our results suggest that earthworm spatial distribution and community assembly are likely driven by interspecific interactions at the local scale.
Published: 2012
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29. Genetic signature of accidental transfer of the peregrine earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus (Clitellata, Glossoscolecidae) in French Guiana

Author: Lise Dupont, Vincent Chassany, Thibaud Decaëns, Raphaël Marichal, Florence Dubs, Virginie Roy, M. Maillot, and Emmanuel Lapied
Subjects: Pontoscolex corethrurus, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, Peregrine earthworm, AFLPs, Range (biology), Ecology, Population, Passive dispersal, Soil Science, Population genetics, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, French Guiana, Colonisation, Insect Science, Biological dispersal, Genetic variability, education, Glossoscolecidae
Abstract: Despite the increasing interest in biological invasions by earthworms which cause important changes in soils, biota and ecosystem processes after introduction, little is known about their history of colonisation. Population genetics tools may provide interesting insights into evolutionary processes occurring during an invasion phase; however a prerequisite is the knowledge of genetic variability within the native range of the species. The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic variation of a tropical peregrine earthworm, Pontoscolex corethrurus, in French Guiana, a region included within its native range. The clonal variability of this parthenogenetic species was assessed using 106 AFLP loci analysed in 113 individuals from five populations from the Nouragues reserve, in the Amazonian primary forest, and one population from the city of Cayenne. We found a higher level of genetic diversity in populations originating from the most disturbed sites, thus suggesting that dispersal events, probably linked to human activities, supplied these populations with migrants. Moreover, patterns of genetic differentiation between populations suggested accidental transfer of P. corethrurus between Cayenne and the Nouragues reserve as well as between populations of the reserve. Altogether, our results highlighted that AFLPs are adequate molecular markers to trace back the history of colonisation by this species.
Published: 2012

30. Habitat quality, conspecific density, and habitat pre-use affect the dispersal behaviour of two earthworm species, Aporrectodea icterica and Dendrobaena veneta, in a mesocosm experiment

Author: Philippe Nai, Lise Dupont, Pascal Jouquet, Thibaud Decaëns, Sébastien Barot, Gaël Caro, Jérôme Mathieu, Manuel Blouin, Florence Dubs, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), ANR-08-JCJC-0023,Edisp,Eathworm Dipsersal(2008), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, Population, Foraging, Soil Science, Density dependence, Dispersal behaviour, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Ecosystem engineer, Earthworm activity, food, biology.animal, Lumbricidae, education, Local adaptation, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Earthworm, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Earthworm spatial distribution, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Biological dispersal, Aporrectodea, Ecosystem engineering, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Dispersal capacity is a life-history trait that may have profound consequences for earthworm populations: it influences population dynamics, species persistence and distribution and community structure. It also determines the level of gene flow between populations and affects processes such as local adaptation, speciation and the evolution of life-history traits. It may play a great role in soil functioning by determining the spatial distribution of ecosystem engineers such as earthworms. Dispersal is an evolutionary outcome of the behaviour in response to the ecological constraints of the species. Hence different dispersal behaviour is expected from the different ecological types of earthworms. Nevertheless the dispersal behaviour of earthworms has been little documented. In this work we test a series of basic mechanisms that are fundamental and complementary to understand earthworms dispersal behaviour. We focus on the dispersal triggered by environmental conditions, a fundamental process usually termed “conditional dependent dispersal”. We show experimentally in mesocosms that in one week: 1) earthworm dispersal can be triggered by low habitat quality, either through soil quality or the presence/absence of litter. 2) Earthworms can be subject to positive density dependent dispersal, that is the rate of dispersal increases when density increases; and 3) earthworm dispersal can be reduced by the pre-use of the soil by conspecific individuals that are no longer present. Our results suggest that earthworms may be more mobile than expected from previous estimations, and that they present high capacities of habitat selection. In the light of our findings we elaborate a behavioural scenario of earthworm foraging, and propose several priority working directions.
Published: 2010
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31. Functional traits as indicators of biodiversity response to land use changes across ecosystems and organisms

Author: J. Paulo Sousa, Jari Niemelä, Paulo Santos, Marco Moretti, Sylvain Dolédec, Florence Dubs, Thomas Bolger, Pedro Martins da Silva, Marie Vandewalle, Paula A. Harrison, Richard Harrington, Martin T. Sykes, Thomas Sattler, Sandra Lavorel, Adam J. Vanbergen, Ben A. Woodcock, Matty P. Berg, Christian K. Feld, Francesco de Bello, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (ASCR), Department of Zoology, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Biodiversité des Écosystèmes Lotiques, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Institut du Recherche pour le Développement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Department of Applied Zoology/Hydrobiology, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Department of Plant and Invertebrate Ecology, Centre for Bioenergy and Climate Change, Oxford University Centre for the Environment (OUCE), Environmental Change Institute, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Research Unit Ecosystem Boundaries, WSL, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Change Institute (ECI), University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 1 - Biodiversité des Écosystèmes Lotiques (BEL), Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], University of Oxford, and Animal Ecology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ecology (disciplines), Biodiversity, Community weighted mean trait, Biology, Functional diversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Birds, Measurement of biodiversity, Ecosystem, Land use, land-use change and forestry, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Trophic level, SDG 15 - Life on Land, Ecology, Land use, Macroinvertebrates, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Carabids, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, Standardized biodiversity monitoring, Trait, Bioindicators, Collembola, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Biologie
Abstract: Rigorous and widely applicable indicators of biodiversity are needed to monitor the responses of ecosystems to global change and design effective conservation schemes. Among the potential indicators of biodiversity, those based on the functional traits of species and communities are interesting because they can be generalized to similar habitats and can be assessed by relatively rapid field assessment across eco-regions. Functional traits, however, have as yet been rarely considered in current common monitoring schemes. Moreover, standardized procedures of trait measurement and analyses have almost exclusively been developed for plants but different approaches have been used for different groups of organisms. Here we review approaches using functional traits as biodiversity indicators focussing not on plants as usual but particularly on animal groups that are commonly considered in different biodiversity monitoring schemes (benthic invertebrates, collembolans, above ground insects and birds). Further, we introduce a new framework based on functional traits indices and illustrate it using case studies where the traits of these organisms can help monitoring the response of biodiversity to different land use change drivers. We propose and test standard procedures to integrate different components of functional traits into biodiversity monitoring schemes across trophic levels and disciplines. We suggest that the development of indicators using functional traits could complement, rather than replace, the existent biodiversity monitoring. In this way, the comparison of the effect of land use changes on biodiversity is facilitated and is expected to positively influence conservation management practices. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Published: 2010
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32. Indicateurs synthétiques de la qualité du sol

Author: Ruiz Camacho, Nuria, Elena, Velasquez, Pando, Anne, Thibaud, Decaëns, Florence, Dubs, Patrick, Lavelle, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL), Facultad de Agronomia, Étude et compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Financement ADEME, Projet Bioindicateurs, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: espèce indicatrice, Indicateur synthétique, utilisation du sol, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, macro-invertébré, paysage, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, qualité du sol
Abstract: Deux indicateurs synthétiques de la qualité des sols ont été testés dans les sites de recherche du programme Bioindicateurs de l'ADEME. Six fenêtres paysagères de 1 km² chacune ont été choisies dans le Morvan et en Normandie, de façon à représenter un gradient de l'intensification de l'usage du sol, de la forêt naturelle vers les paysages mixtes agro sylvo pastoraux et les cultures intensives. Les indicateurs s'adaptent parfaitement, permettant d'évaluer finement les divers éléments de la qualité des sols. Le GISQ analyse avec précision l'impact des usages du sol, donnant régulièrement des notes élevées à certains sols de pâturage, voire de culture, pour certains des indicateurs (chimique et physique en particulier). Une coinercie significative entre les métriques paysagères et les valeurs des divers indicateurs (coefficients de co-variation (RV) de respectivement 0.29 et 0.32 dans le Morvan et en Normandie; p
Published: 2009

33. Relevance of different soil fauna and microflora groups in the monitoring of soil biodiversity: RMQS-Biodiv, a French pilot area experience

Author: Guénola Pérès, Chaussod, R., Jérôme Cortet, Mireille Fargette, Thierry Mateille, Jean-François Ponge, Ranjard, L., Nuria Ruiz, Cécile Villenave, Vincent Mercier, Antonio Bispo, Dominique Arrouays, Christian Walter, Mario Cannavacciuolo, Alain Bellido, Laurence Rougé, Claudy Jolivet, Patrick Lavelle, Blandine Lemercier, Florence Dubs, Fabrice Martin-Laurent, Elena Velasquez, Muriel Guernion, Daniel Cluzeau, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement (MSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Fonctionnement, évolution et mécanismes régulateurs des écosystèmes forestiers (ECOTROP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodiversité et fonctionnement du sol (BIOSOL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Séquestration du carbone et bio- fonctionnement des sols : effets des modes de gestion des agro-écosystèmes tropicaux (SEQBIO), Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Unité de service Infosol (INFOSOL), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), INFOSOL, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Facultad de Agronomia, Bogota, Facultad de Agronomia, RMQS-Biodiv, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), InfoSol (InfoSol), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] ( ECOBIO ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -INEE-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes ( OSUR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Microbiologie du Sol et de l'Environnement ( MSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ), Laboratoire Sols et Environnement ( LSE ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Fonctionnement, évolution et mécanismes régulateurs des écosystèmes forestiers ( ECOTROP ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Biodiversité et fonctionnement du sol ( BIOSOL ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Séquestration du carbone et bio- fonctionnement des sols : effets des modes de gestion des agro-écosystèmes tropicaux ( SEQBIO ), ADEME, Unité de service Infosol ( INFOSOL ), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation ( SAS ), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Ecole Supérieure d'Agriculture d'Angers ( ESAA ), Ecole Supérieure d'Agriculture d'Angers, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux ( Bioemco ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Briand, Valerie
Subjects: [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMethodologies_GENERAL, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: PosterFR2116Poster
Published: 2008

34. DONECOSOL: a software tool to manage biodiversity's data

Author: Mario Cannavacciuolo, Alain Bellido, Laurence Rougé, Guénola Pérès, Claudy Jolivet, Mireille Fargette, Thierry Mateille, Blandine Lemercier, Florence Dubs, Daniel Cluzeau, Briand, Valerie, Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Biodiversité et fonctionnement du sol (BIOSOL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INFOSOL, Ecole Supérieure d'Agriculture (Groupe ESA), Université de Rennes (UR), UMR 137 Biosol, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: rmqs, sol, software, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], donecosol, PEDOLOGIE, rmqs biodiv, Biodiversity, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, biodiversité, bretagne, biologie du sol, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, réseau de mesures, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], ComputingMethodologies_GENERAL, microbiologie, banque de données, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, qualité du sol, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, management
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2008

35. CHANGES IN COLLEMBOLA RICHNESS AND DIVERSITY ALONG A GRADIENTOF LAND-USE INTENSITY : A pan European study

Author: José Paulo Sousa, Allan D. Watt, Florence Dubs, Aoife Brennan, Maria Manuela da Gama, António Keating, Carlos Simón, Thomas Bolger, Silvia Stofer, Georgy Traser, Jean-François Ponge, Tuomas Lukkari, Adam J. Vanbergen, Eva Ivitis, Fonctionnement, évolution et mécanismes régulateurs des écosystèmes forestiers (ECOTROP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto do Ambiente e Vida, Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Department of Zoology, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid Unidad de Zoologia, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Institute of Forest and Wood Protection, University of West-Hungary, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), University of Kent [Canterbury], Biodiversité et fonctionnement du sol (BIOSOL), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Department of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information Systems (FeLIS), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Biodiversity Assessment, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Unidad de Zoología, Biodiversité et fonctionnement des sols (UMR BIOSOL 137), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société, and European Project
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Land-use intensity, Biodiversity, Soil Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, land-use intensity, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Land use, Agroforestry, Ecology, business.industry, Fragmentation (computing), collembola, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, landscape diversity, Landscape diversity, Geography, Agriculture, land use intensity, bioindicators, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Bioindicators, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Collembola, Alpha diversity, Species richness, business, Bioindicator, Global biodiversity
Abstract: Changes in Collembola richness and diversity along a land-use intensity gradient were studied in eight European countries (Portugal, Spain, France, Switzerland, Hungary, UK, Ireland and Finland). In each country a set of six 1 km2 land-use units (LUUs) were selected forming a gradient ranging from natural forest to agricultural dominated landscapes, passing through mixed-use ones. In addition to data on Collembola, detailed information regarding landscape diversity and structure was collected for each LUU. A total of 47,774 individuals were identified from 281 species. Collembola reacted not only to changes in the diversity of the landscape, but also to the composition of that diversity and the area occupied by each land-use type at each LUU. Although species richness patterns were not concordant among the different countries, the total number of species per LUU (landscape richness) was generally higher in natural forests and mixed-used landscapes, and lower in agricultural dominated landscapes. Moreover, high richness and diversity of Collembola at each LUU were associated with a diverse landscape structure, both in terms of number of patches and patch richness. Despite this comparable species richness between mixed-use landscapes and those dominated by natural forests, average species richness on forested areas (local richness) decreased along the gradient, showing that forest patches on mixed-use landscapes support a lower richness than in landscapes dominated by forest. This aspect is important when addressing the role of native forests in structuring biodiversity in disturbed and fragmented landscapes. Although a diverse landscape can support a high biodiversity, the results suggest that intensive fragmentation should be avoided with the risk of collapsing local species richness with the consequent result for regional biodiversity. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B7CW5-4HM7N2D-1/1/422ab0545da70329c293919a49cf98ba
Published: 2006
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36. Small-scale response of plant species to land-use intensification

Author: Florence Dubs, Patrick Lavelle, Jean-François Ponge, Federico Fernández-González, Éric Fédoroff, Conservatoire Botanique National du Bassin Parisien (CBNBP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Fonctionnement, évolution et mécanismes régulateurs des écosystèmes forestiers (ECOTROP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Biodiversité et fonctionnement des sols (UMR BIOSOL 137), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société, Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), European Project, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)
Subjects: Vegetation, Ecology, Environmental change, Biodiversity, Plant community, Woodland, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Land-use diversity, Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis, Environmental science, Plant cover, Animal Science and Zoology, Species richness, Humus form, Land-use intensification, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; Plant communities are affected by land-use and landscape heterogeneity and can be used as indicators of environmental change. At small-scale, species composition and species richness of plant communities are influenced by local environment and by diaspores from the surroundings. Thus, they reflect the influence of both land-use type and land-use diversity. Plant community composition was studied along a gradient of agricultural disturbance in the Morvan Regional Natural Park (Burgundy, France). Six landscape units of 1 km2 were selected along a range of increasing land-use intensity. Sixteen 0.2 m2 sampling plots per unit were selected according to a grid-based design to estimate the percent cover of all plant species. Pattern analysis showed that local species richness increased from woodland to crop to grassland, and also increased with land-use diversity. Local plant biodiversity was maximized under intermediate disturbance intensity and minimized at low (woodland) and high (crop) disturbance levels.
Published: 2005
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37. Comparative biodiversity along a gradient of agricultural landscapes

Author: Françoise Burel, Florence Dubs, Jean-Claude Lefeuvre, Etienne Brunel, Didier Le Coeur, Gilles Paillat, Alain Butet, Jacques Baudry, Yannick R. Delettre, Claudine Thenail, Philippe Clergeau, Sandrine Petit, Nathalie Morvan, ProdInra, Migration, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche SAD Armorique (AMORIQUE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de la Faune Sauvage, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Laboratoire de recherches de la chaire de zoologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Laboratoire Ecologie et Sciences Phytosanitaires (ESP), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, MONT ST-MICHEL, Biodiversity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Diversity index, Sustainable agriculture, Taxonomic rank, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Invertebrate, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, Intensive farming, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, INSECTE, Agriculture, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Species richness, IMPACT SUR ENVIRONNEMENT, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract: The aim of this study is to compare biodivemity in contrasted landscape units within a small region. In western France agricultural intensification leads to changes in landscape structure: permanent grasslands are ploughed, fields enlarged and surrounding hedgerows removed or deteriorated, brooks are straightened and cleaned. South of Mont Saint Michel Bay, four landscape units have been identified along an intensi- fication gradient. Several taxonomic groups (small mammals, birds, insects and plants) have been used to evaluate the characteristics of biodiver- sity along this gradient. The hypothesis that intensification of agricultural practices lead to changes in biodiversity has been tested. Biodiversity is measured by the species richness, Shannon's diversity index, equitability and similarity indexes. Our results show that intensification of agriculture does not always lead to a decrease in species richness, but to several functional responses according to taxonomic groups, either no modification, or stability by replacement of species, or loss of species. For most of the studied taxo- nomic groups species richness does not vary greatly along the gradient. Depending on the landscape structure and farming systems this gradient is probably truncated and does not allow to show major changes in species richness. An alternative hypothesis is that used indexes are not sensitive enough to reveal changes in biodiversity. Nevertheless, similarity indexes reveal that sensitivity to changes varies, invertebrates being more likely to perceive the dynamics of the landscapes studied than vertebrates or plants. These points have to be taken into consideration when elaborating policies for sustainable agriculture or nature conservation. 0 Elsevier, Paris
Published: 1998

38. Quels oiseaux dans la ville ?: Une étude pluridisciplinaire d'un même gradient urbain

Author: Gwénaëlle Mennechez, André Sauvage, Florence Dubs, Jean-Pierre Marchand, Philippe Clergeau, Agnès Lemoine, Laboratoire de la Faune Sauvage, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Rennes (UR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Haute Bretagne ( Rennes 2 ) (UR 2), École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Bretagne (ENSAB), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Philippe Clergeau, André Sauvage, Agnès Lemoine, Jean-Pierre Marchand, Florence Dubs, Gwenaelle Mennechez Vögel in der Stadt ? Vom Zentrum der Stadt Rennes bis zu ihrer Peripherie variieren Präsenz und Vielfalt der Vogelwelt nur wenig. In den Vorstadtsiedlungen unterscheiden sich die Bewohner in solche, die Vögel bei sich aufnehmen, und solche, die sie verscheuchen. Noch weiter im Umland wird auf Existenz und Vielfalt der Vögel zunehmend Beachtung. Ob gefüttert, angelockt oder verjagt -der nicht domestizierbare Vogel bringt die Ambivalenzen des Stadtbewohners an den Tag., Philippe Clergeau, André Sauvage, Agnès Lemoine, Jean-Pierre Marchand, Florence Dubs, Gwenaëlle Mennechez Birds in the city In Rennes, the presence and diversity of birds vary little between the city centre and its outskirts. Yet, people living in the centre see fewer birds than those who live on the outskirts. Inhabitants of suburban housing estates are divided between those who welcome the feathered creatures and those who hunt them down. Farther away, out in the country, people are more attentive to the existence and diversity of birds. Unta-meable animals, city birds are fed, enticed or rejected, reflecting the ambivalence of city-dwellers., A Rennes, la présence et la diversité des oiseaux varie peu du centre à la périphérie. Pourtant, les habitants du centre voient moins d'oiseaux que ceux de la périphérie. Les habitants des lotissements en banlieue se divisent entre ceux qui accueillent et ceux qui pourchassent les volatiles. Plus loin encore vers la campagne, on devient plus attentif à l'existence des oiseaux, à leur diversité. Nourrit, attiré ou rejeté, l'oiseau dans la ville, cet animal non domesticable, reflète les ambivalences du citadin., Philippe Clergeau, André Sauvage, Agnès Lemoine, Jean-Pierre Marchand, Florence Dubs, Gwenaëlle Mennechez ¿ Qué pájaros en la ciudad ? En Rennes, la presencia y la diversidad de los pájaros varía poco del centro a la periferia. Sin embargo, los habitantes del centro ven menos pájaros que los de la periferia. Los habitantes de las parcelaciones suburbanas se dividen entre los que acogen y los que persiguen los volátiles. Más lejos aún hacia el campo, se presta más cuidado a la existencia de los pájaros, a su diversidad. Alimentado, atraído o rechazado, el pájaro en la ciudad, ese animal no domesticable, refleja las ambivalencias del habitante urbano., Clergeau Philippe, Sauvage André, Lemoine Agnès, Marchand Jean-Pierre, Dubs Florence, Mennechez Gwénaelle. Quels oiseaux dans la ville ? Une étude pluridisciplinaire d'un même gradient urbain . In: Les Annales de la recherche urbaine, N°74, 1997. Natures en villes. pp. 119-130.
Published: 1997

39. An experimental design to test the effect of wheat variety mixtures on biodiversity and ecosystem services

Author: Florence Dubs, Le Roux, X., Vincent Allard, Andrieu, B., Barot, S., Cantarel, A., Vallavielle-Pope, C., Gauffreteau, A., Goldringer, I., Montagnier, C., Pommier, T., Porcher, E., Sébastien Saint-Jean, Borg, J., Bourdet-Massein, S., Carmignac, D., Duclouet, A., Forst, E., Galic, N., Gerard, L., Hugoni, M., Hure, A., Larue, A., J-C, Lata, Lecarpentier, C., Leconte, M., Le Saux, E., Le Viol, I., Hote, P. L., Lusley, P., Mouchet, M., Audrey Niboyet, Rémi Perronne, Pichot, E., Pin, S., Salmon, S., Tropée, D., Vergnes, A., Tiphaine Vidal, Enjalbert, J., Dubs, Florence, and Viabilité et Adaptation des Ecosystèmes Productifs, Territoires et Ressources face aux Changements Globaux - Augmenter la diversité génétique au sein des parcelles de blé pour renforcer la multifonctionnalité et la durabilité de la production dans le Bassin Parisien - - WHEATAMIX2013 - ANR-13-AGRO-0008 - AGROBIOSPHERE - VALID
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Website: https://www6.inra.fr/wheatamix The present document details how the Wheatamix consortium, inspired by ecological experiments exploring relationships between plant biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (e.g. the Jena experiment Weisser et al. 2017), selected bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines, phenotyped them across a range of functional traits and used this information to set up an experimental design able to unravel the effects of variety number and of the functional diversity and identity within variety mixtures for evaluating the impact of intraspecific crop diversity on a range of ecosystem services. Wheat line selection The Wheatamix project investigates the potential benefits of variety mixtures in the Paris basin wheat supply chain, and therefore focuses on varieties and lines adapted to the local climate. A consensus list of 57 wheat lines (Table 1) was thus settled on these grounds and to meet the expectations of agronomists, geneticists, phytopathologists and ecophysiologists of the group. This list is composed of i) 32 elite bread wheat varieties registered in the French catalogue, selected for their high yields under conventional farming, ii) 5 modern varieties bred for organic farming (OF), iii) 10 landraces resulting from farmers' mass-selection, cultivated in France in the early 1900es, and iv) 11 lines from an INRA-MAGIC multiparental and highly recombinant population (Thepot et al., 2015), adapted to Northern France. Due to the heterogeneity of information available for each variety and line, various criteria were used for this selection. The 32 elite bread wheat varieties were chosen on the basis of their wide use in the Paris Basin, and to ensure representativeness of the diversity for earliness, disease resistance or bread-making quality, using the available information in the variety

40. Impact du changement de l'utilisation des terres sur la biodiversité de la faune du sol : le cas du Morvan

Author: Florence Dubs, Guillaume Boulanger, Yves Auda, Eric Fedoroff, Jean-François Ponge, Patrick Lavelle, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conservatoire Botanique National du Bassin Parisien (CBNBP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Mécanismes adaptatifs : des organismes aux communautés (MAOAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Sylvie Vanpeene-Bruhier, European Project, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Morvan, facteurs environnementaux, intensification de l'usage du sol, usage du sol, faune du sol, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, biodiversité
Abstract: National audience; Les changements de biodiversité se placent au cœur des problématiques des changements globaux. L'intensification et le changement d'usage des terres sont devenus des préoccupations constantes pour les décideurs politiques et l'évaluation du risque de perte en biodiversité, lié à la transformation des paysages. L'impact de l'intensification de l'usage du sol sur la faune du sol reste encore peu étudié. Celle-ci joue cependant un rôle important dans le fonctionnement du sol (recyclage de la matière organique, structuration du sol) et contribue à la fourniture de services écosystémiques (comme la séquestration de carbone). Cette étude mesure l'impact de l'intensification de l'usage du sol sur la diversité biologique du sol le long d'un gradient d'intensification des pratiques agricoles dans le Nord du parc naturel régional du Morvan (centre-est de la France). Il se compose de 6 fenêtres paysagères d'un km² distribuées depuis des paysages forestiers (semi-naturel et artificiel) à des paysages agricoles de plus en plus intensifs (clairière agricole en forêt, mosaïque agricole mixte, mosaïque prairiale et mosaïque céréalière). Les composantes de la diversité biologique du sol mesurées sont les carabes, la macrofaune du sol et les collemboles. Les échantillons de ces taxa sont spatialement emboîtés et distribués sur une même grille d'échantillonnage dans les six fenêtres paysagères. L'analyse portera sur une identification hiérarchique des facteurs environnementaux majeurs déterminant les variations de ces jeux de données en prenant en compte trois niveaux d'analyse spatiale : le point d'échantillonnage, le pattern des habitats dans un rayon de 100 m et le pattern des fenêtres paysagères. La discussion portera sur l'impact de l'anthropisation sur la faune du sol et ses implications en termes de fonctionnement écologique.

41. Effects of agricultural Landscape of the Colombian Llanos on Ecosystem Services and assemblages of soil engineers

Author: Sanabria-Blandon, Maria Catalina, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, Sébastien Barot, Florence Dubs, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Soil engineers, Sol, Ants, Land use, Colombie, Agriculture, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Traits, Fourmis, Macrofaune
Abstract: Tropical savannas are highly important for agricultural production and many other ecosystems services. In Colombia, these savannas have been traditionally managed through extensive livestock production and low-input agriculture. The current conversion of these natural systems to intensified agriculture can have devastating impacts on belowground and aboveground biodiversity. Soil macrofauna represents an important part of agroecosystem biodiversity and some groups have received considerable attention as ecosystem engineers. The general goal of the thesis is to evaluate and analyze the impacts of agricultural landscapes on soil engineer communities and soil ecosystem services in the Colombian Llanos. Three main questions were addressed: (1) What is the impact of agricultural management on ant communities and is it possible to identify ant species that could be used as indicators of soil-based ecosystem services? (2) What is the impact of land uses on ant and termite communities and is this impact associated with modifications of soil physical and chemical properties? (3) Do the ecological and morphological traits of ants respond to land uses and soil properties?The results of this thesis confirm that ant communities are highly sensitive to land use changes and constitute good early indicators of soil-based ecosystem services. More accurately, annual crops have shown to be detrimental to ant and termites communities and this is probably due to the application of chemical inputs, as well as to tillage and pesticides. All land uses (Savannas, rubber or oil palm plantations, improved pastures and annual crops) have a particular soil fauna, but some species have particular habitat requirements for nest sites, food, refugees, etc. Some species are more generalist and are particularly adapted to disturbed environment. The presence of all land uses within a landscape contributes to a certain extent to the total diversity. It was found that sites with a tree cover protect rare, sometimes inconspicuous and perhaps fragile species.; Les savanes tropicales sont très importantes pour la production agricole et de nombreux services écosystémiques. En Colombie, ces savanes ont été traditionnellement gérées par l'élevage extensif et l'agriculture à faible intrants. La conversion actuelle de ces systèmes naturels en agriculture intensive peut avoir des effets dévastateurs sur la biodiversité du sol et au-dessus du sol. La macrofaune du sol représente une part importante de la biodiversité des agroécosystèmes et certains groupes ont reçu une attention considérable en tant qu'ingénieurs des écosystèmes. L'objectif général de la thèse est d'évaluer et d'analyser les impacts des paysages agricoles sur les communautés d'ingénieurs des sols et les services écosystémiques fournis par le sol dans les Llanos colombiens. Trois questions principales ont été abordées: (1) Quel est l'impact de la gestion agricole sur les communautés de fourmis et est-il possible d'identifier des espèces de fourmis qui pourraient servir d'indicateurs des services écosystémiques basés sur le sol? (2) Quel est l'impact de l’usage des sols sur les communautés de fourmis et de termites et cet impact est-il lié aux modifications des propriétés physiques et chimiques des sols? (3) Les traits écologiques et morphologiques des fourmis répondent-ils aux usages du sol et aux propriétés du sol?Les résultats de cette thèse confirment que les communautés de fourmis sont très sensibles aux changements d'usage de sols et constituent de bons indicateurs précoces des services écosystémiques basés sur les sols. Plus précisément, les cultures annuelles se sont révélées le plus préjudiciables aux communautés de fourmis et de termites, et cela est probablement dû à l'application d'intrants chimiques, ainsi qu'au travail du sol et aux pesticides. Tous les usages du sol (savanes, plantation de caoutchouc ou palmiers à huile, pâturages améliorés et cultures annuelles) ont une faune particulière, mais certaines espèces ont des besoins particuliers en termes d’habitat pour leurs nids, leur nourriture, ou des refuges. Certaines espèces sont plus généralistes et particulièrement adaptées aux environnements perturbés. En ce sens, la présence de toutes les utilisations du sol dans un paysage contribue dans une certaine mesure à la diversité totale. On a constaté que les usages des sols avec une couverture arborée permettent le maintien d’espèces rares, discrètes et souvent avec exigences de habitat particulaires.
Published: 2017

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