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The article examines the problems of using specialized flooring in rooms for choreography classes. As a result of the study, the influence of the decoration and construction of the floor on the health of dancers and comfort during classes was revealed. Characteristic properties and design features of the main types of floor covering in dance rooms are determined. The dependence between the dance style and the choice of the necessary covering is established. Modern specialized shockabsorbing dance surfaces are considered. Recommendations for the design of the floor covering for the premises of choreographic studios and schools are given. Aim. The purpose of the article is to reveal the basic principles of using mirrors in the interior and their influence on the formation of the interior space. Methodology. For scientific substantiation, the scientometric method was used in this article: an analysis and synthesis of theoretical materials of existing research was carried out, domestic and foreign experience on the topic was considered. The results. The main features and criteria for choosing a floor covering depending on the needs of dance activities are revealed. Scientific novelty. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the main problems and modern trends regarding the choice of flooring in the interior space as a means of creating a comfortable and safe environment for dance spaces are summarized. Modern developments in the field of specialized covering of dance rooms were studied. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the design of the interiors of dance halls. У статті розглядається проблематика використання спеціалізованого підлогового покриття у приміщеннях для занять хореографією. В результаті дослідження було виявлено вплив оздоблення та конструкції підлоги на здоров’я танцюристів та комфорт під час занять. Визначено характерні властивості та конструктивні особливості основних типів підлогового покриття у танцювальних приміщеннях. Встановлено залежність між стилем танцю та вибором необхідного покриття. Розглянуто сучасні спеціалізовані амортизуючи танцювальні покриття. Наведено рекомендації щодо проєктування підлогового покриття для приміщень хореографічних студій та шкіл. Мета. Мета статті – виявити основні принципи використання дзеркал у інтер’єрі та їх вплив на формування внутрішнього простору. Методологія. Для наукового обґрунтування у даній статті використано наукометричний метод: проведено аналіз та синтез теоретичних матеріалів існуючих досліджень, розглянуто вітчизняний та закордонний досвід за темою. Результати. Виявлено основні особливості та критерії вибору підлогового покриття в залежності від потреб танцювальної діяльності. Наукова новизна. На основі аналізу наукової літератури узагальнено основні проблеми і сучасні тенденції щодо вибору підлогового покриття у внутрішньому просторі , як засобу формування комфортного та безпечного середовища танцювальних приміщень. Досліджено сучасні розробки у сфері спеціалізованого покриття танцювальних приміщень. Практична значущість. Результати дослідження можуть бути використані при проектуванні інтер’єрів закладів танцювальних приміщень.

The use of woven floor covering is not limited to homes only, but it is also used in many public places such as schools, offices, hospitals, restaurants and shops to achieve the aesthetic vision of the place and compatibility with the furniture next to the functional performance. According to the face-to-face technique, two identical carpets are woven at the same time. To obtain this, two superimposed ground fabrics are woven, interlaced by the pile yarns. The fabric so produced is cut in the middle on the weaving machine to obtain two carpets: a bottom and a top carpet. Research problem: The difficulty of producing floor covering with inscriptions and slogans, whether using the flat weaving technique or the pile shape using the Face to Face technology, due to the lack of the first technology for texture and the waste of one carpet in the other. Research objectives: Producing designs characterized by combining different textile methods inside the floor covering and obtaining closed loops and cut on both carpets (top and bottom),Access to an innovative aesthetic product that performs its functional role appropriately and meets the needs of the consumer. Significance: Achieving the possibility of reading the writings in the carpet system face to face as a decorative element to build the design on both carpets (top and bottom) in a terry shape and several levels. (Structural composition). Conclusion : The design of the woven floor covering with the cut and loop technology adds several touches represented in the flat, loop and pile, and also allows reading the artwork on the upper and lower carpet produced ,The possibility of producing two different designs for the upper and lower carpet, Productions of two designs with different design and texture, where one of the two carpets is a loop installation and the other is flat إن إستخدام مفروشات الأرضية ليس قاصرا على المنازل فقط بل أنها تستخدم أيضا فى کثير من الأماکن العامة مثل المدارس والمکاتب والمستشفيات والمطاعم ومحال البيع لتعمل على تحقيق الرؤية الجمالية للمکان والتوافق مع الأثاث بجوار الاداء الوظيفى، وکلمة معلق لفظا وتوظيفا مصطلح يستخدم عند تناول لوحة فنية منسوجة. ولقد جذب الحرف العربى انتباه الفنانين الغربيين ،سواء بسبب بنيته الفنية الجمالية او بسبب التزيينات التجريدية التى کانت ترافقه، وعلى ذلک فقد استعمل بعض الفنانين الغربين مثل :بول کلى ونالارد وديجوتکس وتروکس وهوفر وسينجيه الحرف العربى کماهو مألوف فى الفن العربى ،واستوحى فنانون اخرون ذلک ولکن باستعمال الحرف اللاتينى او العدد امثال :جوسبر جونز. ويضيف إنتاج مفروشات الارضية بطريقة Face to Faceو بتقنية ال cut and loop ملامس عدة ممثلة فى flat weave ,loop ,pile کما يتيح قراءة العمل الفنى بالسجادة العلوية والسفلية المنتجة فى آن واحد . مشکلة البحث : صعوبة إنتاج مفروشات الأرضية بتقنية Face to Face ذات الکتابات والشعارات کما بشکل3 لاهدار احدى السجادتين، وافتقارتقنية ال Flat weaving شکل 4 فى عمل ملامس مختلفة بتصميم الکتابات . اهداف البحث: انتاج تصميمات تتميز بالدمج بين أساليب نسجية مختلفة داخل مفروشات الارضية و الحصول على عراوي مقفولة و مقصوصة بوجه واحد من المنسوج و الوصول إلى منتج جمالى مبتکر يؤدى دوره الوظيفى بشکل مناسب ويلبى إحتياجات المستهلک.. منهجية البحث : يتبع البحث المنهج التجريبي التحليلي. نتائج البحث: تمکنت الدراسة من تحقيق إمکانيه قراءة الکتابات فى السجاد المنسوج بطريقة وجها لوجه کعنصر زخرفى لبناء التصميم بکلا السجادتين (الوجه والظهر) بشکل وبرى ومستويات عدة .(الترکيب البنائى)

Introduction. The relevance of the topic, addressed in the article, is backed by the fact that modern heating systems, such as the underfloor heating, remain potential sources of fire, despite the improvement in their designs. The purpose of the study is to identify the causes of fires that occur in the process of operation of modern heating systems “Underfloor Heating”; to analyze and generalize the conclusions made by the fire safety experts in respect of the heating systems analyzed in the article.Materials and methods. To assess the flammability of the infrared film underfloor heating, an experiment was conducted by the experts: the process of underfloor heating was simulated under normal environmental conditions at room temperature.Results and discussion. The experiment has shown that the floor covering, made of the material capable of accumulating heat, is the most dangerous one, although its small area prevents its disconnection from the thermal sensor. When dismantling the construction, the co-authors found out that the foil insulator had been melting in the area of maximal temperatures. Over the course of seven hours of operation, the temperature exceeded 120 ºC, and after that the odor of products of thermal decomposition of a synthetic product appeared.Conclusions. Despite all the features of advanced underfloor heating systems, their automated operation and transformation, they remain potentially flammable. Modern underfloor heating systems can take fire both as a result of violation of the fire precautions in case of non-compliance with the requirements for the operation of heating devices, and as a result of overheated film heaters located under the floor covering.

In an ISO 5660 Cone Calorimeter, heat fluxes were applied to a polyvinyl chloride–based floor covering to characterize their influence on the thermal decomposition parameters as well as on the concentrations of species emitted during the combustion process. Gas concentrations were quantified for identifying the fire behaviour and the decomposition chemistry. Thus, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water, hydrogen chloride and oxygen with concentrations and emission yields of high consistency were encountered at all heat fluxes considered. Moreover, nitrogen monoxide, sulphur dioxide, hydrogen cyanide and lightweight hydrocarbons were observed with low concentrations and emission yields. Other species can be considered as negligible due to their concentrations close to zero at all heat fluxes studied. Furthermore, using the oxygen consumption method, heat release rate, total heat release and effective heat of combustion were also calculated for each irradiance level and were compared with data found in the literature.

Experimental methods have been successfully utilized in the textile industry for understanding the compression and recovery behavior of needle-punched nonwoven textiles under dynamic loading. However, these methods can only be performed after commercial production of textiles. An analytical approach is presented to estimate the Jeffery’s II model parameters and to simulate the compression and recovery behavior of needle-punched nonwoven textiles under dynamic loading before commercial production. These parameters are estimated by a viscoelastic model that explains the compression and recovery behavior according to ISO 2094. The model consists of a combined linear spring and a dashpot set parallel to each other and then connected to a linear dashpot in series. Using the Fourier transform, the periodic excitation is converted to the sum of harmonic forces and differential equations of the system motion are analytically solved. The predicted results of this analytical approach for the compression and recovery behavior of nonwoven textiles in dynamic loading showed the average error of 5.68% and 9.41%, respectively when compared to the experimental results. Therefore, the linear Jeffery’s II model is able to predict the compression and recovery behavior of needle-punched nonwoven textile under dynamic loading with high accuracy before commercial production of textiles.

The quality of floor coverings is evaluated according to their resistance to texture deformation. The most important factors affecting the texture deformation of floor coverings are static loads causing the compression of floor coverings, thereby the appearance of floor coverings deteriorated unfavorably. The compressibility and resilience performance of floor covering determine the appearance retention level of pile yarns. There are two types of tests to determine the compressibility and resilience performance of floor coverings namely; thickness loss after prolonged heavy static loading and thickness loss after brief moderate static loading. In this study, it is aimed to design a test system for compressibility and resilience performance measurement of floor coverings. The test system will be capable of automatically applying necessary pressure for both brief moderate static loading and prolonged heavy static loading tests. By providing these two tests and the thickness measurement by a solo device, the test procedures will be achieved automatically., Yer döşemeliklerinin kalitesi, yüzey deformasyonuna karşı gösterdiği dirence göre değerlendirilmektedir. Yer döşemeliklerinin yüzey deformasyonunu etkileyen en önemli faktörler, yer döşemeliklerinin sıkıştırılmasına ve böylece yüzey görünümünün bozulmasına neden olan statik yüklerdir. Yer döşemelik ürünlerinin sıkıştırılabilirlik ve rezilyans performansı hav ipliklerinin görünüm muhafaza etme seviyelerini belirlemektedir. Yer döşemeliklerinin sıkıştırılabilirlik ve rezilyans performansını belirlemek için iki tür test kullanılmaktadır. Bunlar; uzun süreli ağır statik yüklemeden sonra kalınlık kaybı ve kısa süreli orta statik yüklemeden sonra kalınlık kaybıdır. Bu çalışmada, yer döşemeliklerinin sıkıştırılabilirlik ve rezilyans performanslarını ölçmek için bir test sistemi geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Test sistemi hem kısa süreli orta statik yükleme hem de uzun süreli ağır statik yükleme testleri için gerekli basıncı otomatik olarak uygulayabilecektir. Bu iki test ve kalınlık ölçümünün tek bir cihazla yapılmasının sağlanması ile test prosedürleri otomatik olarak gerçekleştirilecektir.

Тема выпускной квалификационной работы: «Многоэтажное здание апартамент-отеля с подземной автостоянкой в г. Санкт-Петербург».Данный дипломный проект разработан для 26-этажного здания апартамент-отеля с использованием проектной документации и рассмотрением использования эпоксидного наливного покрытия подземного паркинга.В Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ðµ разработки проекта был поставлен ряд задач:1. Разработать разделы проектной документации в соответсвии с заданием.2. Провести анализ особенностей эпоксидного наливного покрытия;3. Ввыявить достоинства и недостатки эпоксидного наливного покрытия;4. Подобрать разные варианты материалов покрытия для сравнения;5. Рассчитать сметную стоимость эпоксидного покрытия каждого типа;6. Сравнить типы ÑÐ¿Ð¾ÐºÑÐ¸Ð´Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÑ€Ñ‹Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¹ на основании описаний Ð¸Ñ Ñ‚ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ñ Ð°Ñ€Ð°ÐºÑ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸Ðº, а также Ð¿Ñ€Ð¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÐµÐ´Ñ‘Ð½Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ñ€Ð°ÑÑ‡Ñ‘Ñ‚Ð¾Ð²;7. Выбрать эффективный материале эпоксидного покрытия для проектируемого объекта.Таким образом было выбрано применение в проекте системы эпоксидного наливного покрытия подземного паркинга LEVL Coat 307. Одно из Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ñ‹Ñ Ð¿Ñ€ÐµÐ¸Ð¼ÑƒÑ‰ÐµÑÑ‚Ð² данной системы является то что это российский производитель и в его составе отечественные компоненты, что нельзя сказать о Ð´Ð²ÑƒÑ Ð´Ñ€ÑƒÐ³Ð¸Ñ ÑÑ€Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ñ‹Ñ Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¿Ð¾Ð² полов. Следовательно, LEVL Coat 307 будет меньше подвержен изменению стоимости на рынке материалов., The theme of the final qualifying work: "A multi-storey building of an apartment-hotel with an underground parking in St. Petersburg."This graduation project was developed for a 26-storey apart-hotel building using project documentation and considering the use of an epoxy bulk coating of an underground parking.During the development of the project, a number of tasks were set:1. Develop sections of project documentation in accordance with the task.2. Analyze the features of the epoxy bulk coating;3. To identify the advantages and disadvantages of the epoxy bulk coating;4. Select different options for coating materials for comparison;5. Calculate the estimated cost of each type of epoxy coating;6. Compare the types of epoxy coatings based on the descriptions of their technical characteristics, as well as the calculations made;7. Choose an effective epoxy coating material for the projected object.Thus, the use of the LEVL Coat 307 epoxy bulk coating system for underground parking was chosen in the project. One of the important advantages of this system is that it is a Russian manufacturer and it contains domestic components, which cannot be said about the other two compared types of floors. Therefore, LEVL Coat 307 will be less affected by price fluctuations in the material market.

The transportation industry, including the automobile industry, is one of the primary manufacturing sectors that have used polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) within interior components. In this study, a dynamic substance flow model and scenario analysis were used to analyze the trends of PBDE and HBCD stocks, and the flow and emissions from vehicles were estimated. Under the strict elimination scenario, the average amount of commercially decabrominated diphenyl ether (c-DecaBDE) was 62 ± 21 g per conventional passenger vehicle (CPV) and 38 ± 13 g per miniature passenger vehicle (Mini PV). The average amount of HBCD was 3 ± 2 g per CPV and 2 ± 1 g per Mini PV. Seat fabric contributed ∼87% of the c-DecaBDE, while floor covering contributed ∼73% of the HBCD for passenger vehicles (PVs). For vehicles in use, the amount of c-DecaBDE was ∼2800–3100 tonnes from fiscal year 1998 (FY1998), while that of HBCD was ∼120–130 tonnes from FY2002; this remained stable until elimination began. Scenario analysis revealed that at least 5000–6700 tonnes of c-DecaBDE and 260–280 tonnes of HBCD entered in domestic PVs use could be avoided through elimination measures taken by Japanese vehicle manufacturers. The flows of c-DecaBDE and HBCD in FY2003 and FY2013 also demonstrated the effectiveness of elimination measures. However, approximately 300 ± 100 tonnes of c-DecaBDE and 1.8 ± 1.1 tonnes of HBCD will still be stocked in vehicles in FY2030. The atmosphere is the main environmental media for c-DecaBDE and HBCD emissions, and the usage phase is the most important stage. The fate of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) during and after material recycling should be carefully monitored and managed because the end-of-life vehicle treatment stage may become the dominant phase of BFR emissions with the decline of c-DecaBDE and HBCD stocked in vehicles.

In the present work the carpet waste is modified to produce a new type of lightweight aggregates with a low bulk density for applications in concrete materials. The study suggests a new application for this kind of synthetic fiber-based floor covering materials to reduce the rate of disposal and protect environment through its contribution in cleaner environment and production. In this respect, physical and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete made from modified needle-felt carpet waste cuttings are investigated. A series of experiments including density measurement, compression, flexural and water absorption tests are performed to study the performance of concrete composed of carpet wastes. Through the investigation, the carpet wastes exhibited remarkable potential to be considered as lightweight aggregates. This type of materials increased ductility and load-bearing capacity of concrete in post-cracking region in a manner analogous to virgin synthetic fibers. The results of the study also emphasize the high environmental potential of modified carpet waste cuttings for the production of sustainable lightweight concrete and a replacement for usage of virgin polymer fibers.

Limited attention has been given to the presence of MPs in the atmospheric environment, particularly in indoor environments where people spend about 90% of their time. This study quantitatively assesses the prevalence, source and type of MPs in Australian homes with the goal of evaluating human health exposure potential. Thirty-two airborne indoor deposited dust samples were collected in glass Petri dishes from Sydney (Australia) homes, over a one-month period in 2019. Participants completed a questionnaire on their household characteristics. Samples were analysed using a stereomicroscope, a fluorescent microscope and micro-Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for their colour, size, shape and composition. Inhalation and ingestion rates were modelled using US EPA exposure factors. Microplastic fibre deposition rates ranged from 22 to 6169 fibres/m2/day. Deposited dust comprised 99% fibres. The highest proportion of fibres (19%) were 200–400 μm in length. The majority were natural (42%); 18% were transformed natural-based fibres; and 39% were petrochemical based. A significant difference was observed between the deposition rate and the main floor covering (p-value 20 years age group. Mean inhaled MP weight and count was determined to be 0.2±0.07 mg/kg-Bw/year and 12891±4472 fibres/year. Greatest inhalation intake rates were for the

This preliminary work considers alternatives to proprietary nosings, which could be equally effective at visually highlighting the edges of nosings. This paper considers two alternative designs: contrasting floor covering on alternate steps and localised LED lighting on alternate steps. The work illustrates how the two conditions compare visually against the baseline condition of a stair without nosing markings (typical in domestic settings) and a stair with contrasting proprietary nosings (typical of a public setting). It also explores the possibility of further experimental research which will consider the measurement of changes in gait which might result from the addition of visual nosing highlighting.

In this paper, we shall analyze the transformation of female body regulation in Japanese society. The ‘body regulation’ in this paper refers to particular behaviors carried out in everyday life, especially the Japanese rules of etiquette, ‘reigi-saho礼儀作法’; derived from cultural and political norms. For example, the majority of Japanese people tend to kneel in the seiza position when they sit on tatami, the Japanese traditional straw floor covering to respect others and keep discipline oneself.

The paper presents results of tests related to smoke optical density conducted on four various textile floor coverings for the needs of building interior design. Smoke emission is one of basic elements that characterize the fire environment. Consequently, the objective of the paper was to carry out a comparative analysis of smoke generation of chosen floor coverings for selected thermal exposures and in the presence or absence of a stimulus igniting the volatile gaseous phase (pilot flame). For the needs of our experimental research use was made of polypropylene, polyester, composite of wool, cotton, viscose and polyamide floor coverings. The highest value of the maximum specific optical density of smoke (494.7) was recorded for the floor covering consisting of 100% polypropylene (with higher fiber) under flameless combustion conditions (without the pilot flame). The polypropylene floor covering without underlay proved to be the best material from among all the tested ones with respect to smoke generating properties, and its samples offered the lowest value of optical density after 4 min for testing variants without the application of a pilot burner, with the flammable phase of decomposition products of this sample during the testing in which the burner was used to ignite at the latest. Experimental research has been carried out based on the standard ISO 5659&ndash, 2:2017&ndash, 08. The tests results were compared with international optical smoke density requirements for the interior design of ships and trains.

Floor coverings have an important role in buildings. Apart from being the basis for activities in the building, floor coverings also play a role in maintaining room and surface humidity due to the influence of soil and environmental humidity and maintaining room temperature or floor surfaces to be comfortable to use. This function becomes more vital, especially in buildings in a climate where the temperature difference between day and night is large, resulting in very hot days and very cold nights. The problem raised in this study is to offer a floor covering model that can provide a comfortable temperature on the floor surface which results in a quality performance that can keep the surface temperature close to neutral. In this study, observed and tested the temperature and durability of concrete floor blocks with wood branch waste. The construction of this concrete-wooden floor block uses local materials that are easily available and worked on by the common people. The wood elements have the potential to maintain temperature stability in changing environmental temperatures. Keywords: thermal Insulator, wood floor, concrete floor

Lightweight floors are in line with a sustainable construction concept and have become increasingly popular in residential buildings. The acoustic performance of such floors plays a pivotal role in the overall building quality rating. There is, however, no clear and complete method to predict their impact sound insulation. A new approximation method and new acoustic indicators—equivalent weighted normalized impact sound pressure levels for lightweight floors—are proposed and outlined in this article. The prediction procedure and indicator values were initially validated on the basis of laboratory measurements taken for different lightweight floors with the same well-defined floor covering. These preliminary analyses and comparisons show that the proposed method is promising and should be fully developed on the basis of further research.

WOS: 000470890100012, PubMed ID: 29083960, This study was conducted to determine the most appropriate surface processing techniques (SPT), environmental conditions (EC) and surface roughness (SR) to minimize the risk of slipping when pedestrians walk on a floor covering of rocks barefoot and with shoes. Coefficients of friction (COFs) and values of SR were found using five different types of rocks, four SPT and two (ramp and pendulum) tests. Results indicate that the parameters which affect the COF values of rocks include SR, EC and SPT. Simple linear regression was performed to examine the relationship between the values of the COF and the SR. The value of the COF was identified as R-2 >= 0.864. Statistical results, which are based on experimental measurements, show that rocks are classified according to their safe use areas depending on their COF and SR values., [TUBITAK-1002]; [108M624], This study was supported by TUBITAK-1002 Project [Project No: 108M624].

The analysis of wood flooring has been made and it has been found that the manufacture of wood flooring poses certain difficulties in ensuring resistance to destruction. Thermally modified wood is one of the promising uses of flooring. Therefore, knowledge of the physico-mechanical featutes of wood composites, their quality indicators, adhesion with organic adhesives, allows to make a choice taking into account economic indicators, duration and safety of application. Experimental studies have found out that a floor covering with an upper layer of thermally modified oak wood is less resistant to abrasion. The additional moisture effect showed a better result for the thermally modified oak samples than for the ash and oak samples. The test pieces with an upper layer of thermally modified oak are found to have the lowest measure of power. The results of the research will enable the further development of new composites of thermally modified wood and the conditions under which they are operated at different sites.