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868 results on '"Flint, Harry J."'

13. Nondigestible Carbohydrates Affect Metabolic Health and Gut Microbiota in Overweight Adults after Weight Loss

Author

Johnstone, Alexandra M, Kelly, Jennifer, Ryan, Sheila, Romero-Gonzalez, Reyna, McKinnon, Hannah, Fyfe, Claire, Naslund, Erik, Lopez-Nicolas, Ruben, Bosscher, Douwina, Bonnema, Angela, Frontela-Saseta, Carmen, Ros-Berruezo, Gaspar, Horgan, Graham, Ze, Xiaolei, Harrold, Jo, Halford, Jason, Gratz, Silvia W, Duncan, Sylvia H, Shirazi-Beechey, Soraya, and Flint, Harry J

Published
2020
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14. Challenges in microbial ecology: building predictive understanding of community function and dynamics

Author

Widder, Stefanie, Allen, Rosalind J, Pfeiffer, Thomas, Curtis, Thomas P, Wiuf, Carsten, Sloan, William T, Cordero, Otto X, Brown, Sam P, Momeni, Babak, Shou, Wenying, Kettle, Helen, Flint, Harry J, Haas, Andreas F, Laroche, Béatrice, Kreft, Jan-Ulrich, Rainey, Paul B, Freilich, Shiri, Schuster, Stefan, Milferstedt, Kim, van der Meer, Jan R, Groβkopf, Tobias, Huisman, Jef, Free, Andrew, Picioreanu, Cristian, Quince, Christopher, Klapper, Isaac, Labarthe, Simon, Smets, Barth F, Wang, Harris, and Soyer, Orkun S

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Life Below Water, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Air Microbiology, Animals, Ecosystem, Humans, Models, Theoretical, Seawater, Soil Microbiology, Isaac Newton Institute Fellows, Environmental Sciences, Technology, Biological sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

The importance of microbial communities (MCs) cannot be overstated. MCs underpin the biogeochemical cycles of the earth's soil, oceans and the atmosphere, and perform ecosystem functions that impact plants, animals and humans. Yet our ability to predict and manage the function of these highly complex, dynamically changing communities is limited. Building predictive models that link MC composition to function is a key emerging challenge in microbial ecology. Here, we argue that addressing this challenge requires close coordination of experimental data collection and method development with mathematical model building. We discuss specific examples where model-experiment integration has already resulted in important insights into MC function and structure. We also highlight key research questions that still demand better integration of experiments and models. We argue that such integration is needed to achieve significant progress in our understanding of MC dynamics and function, and we make specific practical suggestions as to how this could be achieved.

Published
2016

31. Why does increased microbial fermentation in the human colon shift toward butyrate?

Author

Flint, Harry J., Louis, Petra, and Duncan, Sylvia H.

Subjects
BUTYRATES, FERMENTATION, FATTY acids, LACTATES, PUBLIC health
Abstract

The microbial community of the human large intestine mainly ferments dietary fiber to short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are efficiently absorbed by the host. The three major SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) have different fates within the body and different effects on health. A recent analysis of 10 human volunteer studies established that the proportions of these SCFA in fecal samples significantly shifted towards butyrate as the overall concentration of SCFA increased. Butyrate plays a key role in gut health and is preferentially utilized as an energy source by the colonic epithelium. Here we discuss possible mechanisms that underlie this 'butyrate shift'; these include the selection for butyrate-producing bacteria within the microbiota by certain types of fiber, and the possibility of additional butyrate formation from lactate and acetate by metabolite cross-feeding. However, a crucial factor appears to be the pH in the proximal colon, which decreases as the SCFA concentrations increase. A mildly acidic pH has been shown to have an important impact on microbial competition and on the stoichiometry of butyrate production. Understanding these complex interactions has been greatly aided by the refinement of theoretical models of the colonic microbiota that assume a small number (10) of microbial functional groups (MFGs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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34. Towards standards for human fecal sample processing in metagenomic studies

Author

Costea, Paul I, Zeller, Georg, Sunagawa, Shinichi, Pelletier, Eric, Alberti, Adriana, Levenez, Florence, Tramontano, Melanie, Driessen, Marja, Hercog, Rajna, Jung, Ferris-Elias, Kultima, Jens Roat, Hayward, Matthew R, Coelho, Luis Pedro, Allen-Vercoe, Emma, Bertrand, Laurie, Blaut, Michael, Brown, Jillian R M, Carton, Thomas, Cools-Portier, Stéphanie, Daigneault, Michelle, Derrien, Muriel, Druesne, Anne, de Vos, Willem M, Finlay, B Brett, Flint, Harry J, Guarner, Francisco, Hattori, Masahira, Heilig, Hans, Luna, Ruth Ann, van Hylckama Vlieg, Johan, Junick, Jana, Klymiuk, Ingeborg, Langella, Philippe, Le Chatelier, Emmanuelle, Mai, Volker, Manichanh, Chaysavanh, Martin, Jennifer C, Mery, Clémentine, Morita, Hidetoshi, O'Toole, Paul W, Orvain, Céline, Patil, Kiran Raosaheb, Penders, John, Persson, Søren, Pons, Nicolas, Popova, Milena, Salonen, Anne, Saulnier, Delphine, Scott, Karen P, Singh, Bhagirath, Slezak, Kathleen, Veiga, Patrick, Versalovic, James, Zhao, Liping, Zoetendal, Erwin G, Ehrlich, S Dusko, Dore, Joel, and Bork, Peer

Published
2017
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44. Sporulation capability and amylosome conservation among diverse human colonic and rumen isolates of the keystone starch‐degrader Ruminococcus bromii

Author

Mukhopadhya, Indrani, Moraïs, Sarah, Laverde‐Gomez, Jenny, Sheridan, Paul O., Walker, Alan W., Kelly, William, Klieve, Athol V., Ouwerkerk, Diane, Duncan, Sylvia H., Louis, Petra, Koropatkin, Nicole, Cockburn, Darrell, Kibler, Ryan, Cooper, Philip J., Sandoval, Carlos, Crost, Emmanuelle, Juge, Nathalie, Bayer, Edward A., and Flint, Harry J.

Published
2018
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49. Higher total faecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations correlate with increasing proportions of butyrate and decreasing proportions of branched-chain fatty acids across multiple human studies

Author

Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, World Cancer Research Fund, LaBouyer, Maria, Holtrop, Grietje, Horgan, Graham, Gratz, Silvia W., Belenguer, Álvaro, Smith, Nicola, Walker, Alan W., Duncan, Sylvia H., Johnstone, Alexandra M., Louis, Petra, Flint, Harry J., Scott, Karen P., Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, World Cancer Research Fund, LaBouyer, Maria, Holtrop, Grietje, Horgan, Graham, Gratz, Silvia W., Belenguer, Álvaro, Smith, Nicola, Walker, Alan W., Duncan, Sylvia H., Johnstone, Alexandra M., Louis, Petra, Flint, Harry J., and Scott, Karen P.

Abstract

Metabolites produced by microbial fermentation in the human intestine, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), are known to play important roles in colonic and systemic health. Our aim here was to advance our understanding of how and why their concentrations and proportions vary between individuals. We have analysed faecal concentrations of microbial fermentation acids from 10 human volunteer studies, involving 163 subjects, conducted at the Rowett Institute, Aberdeen, UK over a 7-year period. In baseline samples, the % butyrate was significantly higher, whilst % iso-butyrate and % iso-valerate were significantly lower, with increasing total SCFA concentration. The decreasing proportions of iso-butyrate and iso-valerate, derived from amino acid fermentation, suggest that fibre intake was mainly responsible for increased SCFA concentrations. We propose that the increase in % butyrate among faecal SCFA is largely driven by a decrease in colonic pH resulting from higher SCFA concentrations. Consistent with this, both total SCFA and % butyrate increased significantly with decreasing pH across five studies for which faecal pH measurements were available. Colonic pH influences butyrate production through altering the stoichiometry of butyrate formation by butyrate-producing species, resulting in increased acetate uptake and butyrate formation, and facilitating increased relative abundance of butyrate-producing species (notably Roseburia and Eubacterium rectale).

Published
2022

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