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1. BICEP / Keck XVII: Line of Sight Distortion Analysis: Estimates of Gravitational Lensing, Anisotropic Cosmic Birefringence, Patchy Reionization, and Systematic Errors

Author: Collaboration, BICEP/Keck, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Beck, D., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire IV, J. R., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Denison, E. V., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Eiben, M., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Giannakopoulos, C., Goeckner-Wald, N., Goldfinger, D. C., Grayson, J., Grimes, P., Halal, G., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Hand, E., Harrison, S., Henderson, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Lennox, A., Megerian, K. G., Minutolo, L., Moncelsi, L., Nakato, Y., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Petroff, M. A., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schmitt, B. L., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Singari, B., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St, Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umilta, C., Verges, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, H., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., Zhang, C., and Zhang, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present estimates of line-of-sight distortion fields derived from the 95 GHz and 150 GHz data taken by BICEP2, BICEP3, and Keck Array up to the 2018 observing season, leading to cosmological constraints and a study of instrumental and astrophysical systematics. Cosmological constraints are derived from three of the distortion fields concerning gravitational lensing from large-scale structure, polarization rotation from magnetic fields or an axion-like field, and the screening effect of patchy reionization. We measure an amplitude of the lensing power spectrum $A_L^{\phi\phi}=0.95 \pm 0.20$. We constrain polarization rotation, expressed as the coupling constant of a Chern-Simons electromagnetic term $g_{a\gamma} \leq 2.6 \times 10^{-2}/H_I$, where $H_I$ is the inflationary Hubble parameter, and an amplitude of primordial magnetic fields smoothed over 1 Mpc $B_{1\text{Mpc}} \leq 6.6 \;\text{nG}$ at 95 GHz. We constrain the root mean square of optical-depth fluctuations in a simple "crinkly surface" model of patchy reionization, finding $A^\tau<0.19$ ($2\sigma$) for the coherence scale of $L_c=100$. We show that all of the distortion fields of the 95 GHz and 150 GHz polarization maps are consistent with simulations including lensed-$\Lambda$CDM, dust, and noise, with no evidence for instrumental systematics. In some cases, the EB and TB quadratic estimators presented here are more sensitive than our previous map-based null tests at identifying and rejecting spurious B-modes that might arise from instrumental effects. Finally, we verify that the standard deprojection filtering in the BICEP/Keck data processing is effective at removing temperature to polarization leakage., Comment: 34 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Published: 2022
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2. BICEP / Keck XVI: Characterizing Dust Polarization through Correlations with Neutral Hydrogen

Author: Collaboration, BICEP/Keck, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Beck, D., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire IV, J. R., Clark, S. E., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Denison, E. V., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Eiben, M., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Giannakopoulos, C., Goeckner-Wald, N., Goldfinger, D. C., Grayson, J., Grimes, P., Halal, G., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Hand, E., Harrison, S., Henderson, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Lennox, A., Megerian, K. G., Minutolo, L., Moncelsi, L., Nakato, Y., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Petroff, M. A., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schmitt, B. L., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Singari, B., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St, Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umilta, C., Verges, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, H., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., Zhang, C., and Zhang, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We characterize Galactic dust filaments by correlating BICEP/Keck and Planck data with polarization templates based on neutral hydrogen (H I) observations. Dust polarization is important for both our understanding of astrophysical processes in the interstellar medium (ISM) and the search for primordial gravitational waves in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In the diffuse ISM, H I is strongly correlated with the dust and partly organized into filaments that are aligned with the local magnetic field. We analyze the deep BICEP/Keck data at 95, 150, and 220 GHz, over the low-column-density region of sky where BICEP/Keck has set the best limits on primordial gravitational waves. We separate the H I emission into distinct velocity components and detect dust polarization correlated with the local Galactic H I but not with the H I associated with Magellanic Stream I. We present a robust, multifrequency detection of polarized dust emission correlated with the filamentary H I morphology template down to 95 GHz. For assessing its utility for foreground cleaning, we report that the H I morphology template correlates in B modes at a $\sim$10-65$\%$ level over the multipole range $20 < \ell < 200$ with the BICEP/Keck maps, which contain contributions from dust, CMB, and noise components. We measure the spectral index of the filamentary dust component spectral energy distribution to be $\beta = 1.54 \pm 0.13$. We find no evidence for decorrelation in this region between the filaments and the rest of the dust field or from the inclusion of dust associated with the intermediate velocity H I. Finally, we explore the morphological parameter space in the H I-based filamentary model., Comment: 27 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2022
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3. The Latest Constraints on Inflationary B-modes from the BICEP/Keck Telescopes

Author: Collaboration, BICEP/Keck, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Beck, D., Bischoff, C., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire IV, J. R., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Denison, E. V., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Eiben, M., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Giannakopoulos, C., Goeckner-Wald, N., Goldfinger, D. C., Grayson, J., Grimes, P., Halal, G., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Hand, E., Harrison, S., Henderson, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Lennox, A., Megerian, K. G., Minutolo, L., Moncelsi, L., Nakato, Y., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Petroff, M., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schmitt, B. L., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Singari, B., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St, Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A., Umilta, C., Verges, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, H., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., Zhang, C., and Zhang, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: For the past decade, the BICEP/Keck collaboration has been operating a series of telescopes at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station measuring degree-scale $B$-mode polarization imprinted in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) by primordial gravitational waves (PGWs). These telescopes are compact refracting polarimeters mapping about 2% of the sky, observing at a broad range of frequencies to account for the polarized foreground from Galactic synchrotron and thermal dust emission. Our latest publication "BK18" utilizes the data collected up to the 2018 observing season, in conjunction with the publicly available WMAP and Planck data, to constrain the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$. It particularly includes (1) the 3-year BICEP3 data which is the current deepest CMB polarization map at the foreground-minimum 95 GHz; and (2) the Keck 220 GHz map with a higher signal-to-noise ratio on the dust foreground than the Planck 353 GHz map. We fit the auto- and cross-spectra of these maps to a multicomponent likelihood model ($\Lambda$CDM+dust+synchrotron+noise+$r$) and find it to be an adequate description of the data at the current noise level. The likelihood analysis yields $\sigma(r)=0.009$. The inference of $r$ from our baseline model is tightened to $r_{0.05}=0.014^{+0.010}_{-0.011}$ and $r_{0.05}<0.036$ at 95% confidence, meaning that the BICEP/Keck $B$-mode data is the most powerful existing dataset for the constraint of PGWs. The up-coming BICEP Array telescope is projected to reach $\sigma(r) \lesssim 0.003$ using data up to 2027., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, contribution to the 2022 Cosmology session of the 56th Rencontres de Moriond
Published: 2022
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4. BICEP / Keck XIII: Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves using Planck, WMAP, and BICEP/Keck Observations through the 2018 Observing Season

Author: Collaboration, BICEP/Keck, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Beck, D., Bischoff, C., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire IV, J. R., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Denison, E. V., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Eiben, M., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Goeckner-Wald, N., Goldfinger, D. C., Grayson, J., Grimes, P., Halal, G., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Hand, E., Harrison, S., Henderson, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Lennox, A., Megerian, K. G., Minutolo, L., Moncelsi, L., Nakato, Y., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schmitt, B. L., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St, Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A., Umilta, C., Verges, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, H., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., Zhang, C., and Zhang, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present results from an analysis of all data taken by the BICEP2, Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB polarization experiments up to and including the 2018 observing season. We add additional Keck Array observations at 220 GHz and BICEP3 observations at 95 GHz to the previous 95/150/220 GHz data set. The $Q/U$ maps now reach depths of 2.8, 2.8 and 8.8 $\mu{\mathrm K}_{cmb}$ arcmin at 95, 150 and 220 GHz respectively over an effective area of $\approx 600$ square degrees at 95 GHz and $\approx 400$ square degrees at 150 & 220 GHz. The 220 GHz maps now achieve a signal-to-noise on polarized dust emission exceeding that of Planck at 353 GHz. We take auto- and cross-spectra between these maps and publicly available WMAP and Planck maps at frequencies from 23 to 353 GHz and evaluate the joint likelihood of the spectra versus a multicomponent model of lensed-$\Lambda$CDM+$r$+dust+synchrotron+noise. The foreground model has seven parameters, and no longer requires a prior on the frequency spectral index of the dust emission taken from measurements on other regions of the sky. This model is an adequate description of the data at the current noise levels. The likelihood analysis yields the constraint $r_{0.05}<0.036$ at 95% confidence. Running maximum likelihood search on simulations we obtain unbiased results and find that $\sigma(r)=0.009$. These are the strongest constraints to date on primordial gravitational waves., Comment: 22 pages, 24 figures, as published in PRL, data and figures available for download at http://bicepkeck.org
Published: 2021
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5. BICEP / Keck XV: The BICEP3 CMB Polarimeter and the First Three Year Data Set

Author: Collaboration, BICEP/Keck, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Beck, D., Bischoff, C., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire IV, J. R., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Denison, E. V., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Eiben, M., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Goeckner-Wald, N., Goldfinger, D. C., Grayson, J., Grimes, P., Halal, G., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Hand, E., Harrison, S., Henderson, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Lennox, A., Megerian, K. G., Minutolo, L., Moncelsi, L., Nakato, Y., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schmitt, B. L., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St, Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A., Umilta, C., Verges, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, H., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., Zhang, C., and Zhang, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We report on the design and performance of the BICEP3 instrument and its first three-year data set collected from 2016 to 2018. BICEP3 is a 52cm aperture, refracting telescope designed to observe the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on degree angular scales at 95GHz. It started science observation at the South Pole in 2016 with 2400 antenna-coupled transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers. The receiver first demonstrated new technologies such as large-diameter alumina optics, Zotefoam infrared filters, and flux-activated SQUIDs, allowing $\sim 10\times$ higher optical throughput compared to the Keck design. BICEP3 achieved instrument noise-equivalent temperatures of 9.2, 6.8 and 7.1$\mu\text{K}_{\text{CMB}}\sqrt{\text{s}}$ and reached Stokes $Q$ and $U$ map depths of 5.9, 4.4 and 4.4$\mu$K-arcmin in 2016, 2017 and 2018, respectively. The combined three-year data set achieved a polarization map depth of 2.8$\mu$K-arcmin over an effective area of 585 square degrees, which is the deepest CMB polarization map made to date at 95GHz., Comment: 35 pages, 35 figures, as submitted to ApJ, data and figures available for download at http://bicepkeck.org
Published: 2021
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6. BICEP / Keck XIV: Improved constraints on axion-like polarization oscillations in the cosmic microwave background

Author: Collaboration, BICEP/Keck, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Bischoff, C. A., Beck, D., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire IV, J. R., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Denison, E. V., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Eiben, M., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Goeckner-Wald, N., Goldfinger, D. C., Grayson, J., Grimes, P., Hall, G., Halal, G., Halpern, M., Hand, E., Harrison, S., Henderson, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Lennox, A., Megerian, K. G., Minutolo, L., Moncelsi, L., Nakato, Y., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schwarz, R., Schmitt, B. L., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umilta, C., Verges, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, H., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., Zhang, C., and Zhang, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We present an improved search for axion-like polarization oscillations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with observations from the Keck Array. An all-sky, temporally sinusoidal rotation of CMB polarization, equivalent to a time-variable cosmic birefringence, is an observable manifestation of a local axion field and potentially allows a CMB polarimeter to detect axion-like dark matter directly. We describe improvements to the method presented in previous work, and we demonstrate the updated method with an expanded dataset consisting of the 2012-2015 observing seasons. We set limits on the axion-photon coupling constant for mass $m$ in the range $10^{-23}$-$10^{-18}~\mathrm{eV}$, which corresponds to oscillation periods on the order of hours to years. Our results are consistent with the background model. For periods between $1$ and $30~\mathrm{d}$ ($1.6 \times 10^{-21} \leq m \leq 4.8 \times 10^{-20}~\mathrm{eV}$), the $95\%$-confidence upper limits on rotation amplitude are approximately constant with a median of $0.27^\circ$, which constrains the axion-photon coupling constant to $g_{\phi\gamma} < (4.5 \times 10^{-12}~\mathrm{GeV}^{-1}) m/(10^{-21}~\mathrm{eV}$), if axion-like particles constitute all of the dark matter. More than half of the collected BICEP dataset has yet to be analyzed, and several current and future CMB polarimetry experiments can apply the methods presented here to achieve comparable or superior constraints. In the coming years, oscillation measurements can achieve the sensitivity to rule out unexplored regions of the axion parameter space., Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2021
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7. Analysis of Temperature-to-Polarization Leakage in BICEP3 and Keck CMB Data from 2016 to 2018

Author: Collaboration, The BICEP/Keck, Germaine, T. St., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire, J. R., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Denison, E., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Eiben, M., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Goeckner-Wald, N., Goldfinger, D. C., Grayson, J. A., Grimes, P., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S. A., Henderson, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Megerian, K. G., Minutolo, L., Moncelsi, L., Nakato, Y., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Precup, N., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schmitt, B. L., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umiltà, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, E., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., Zhang, C., and Zhang, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The BICEP/Keck Array experiment is a series of small-aperture refracting telescopes observing degree-scale Cosmic Microwave Background polarization from the South Pole in search of a primordial $B$-mode signature. As a pair differencing experiment, an important systematic that must be controlled is the differential beam response between the co-located, orthogonally polarized detectors. We use high-fidelity, in-situ measurements of the beam response to estimate the temperature-to-polarization (T $\rightarrow$ P) leakage in our latest data including observations from 2016 through 2018. This includes three years of BICEP3 observing at 95 GHz, and multifrequency data from Keck Array. Here we present band-averaged far-field beam maps, differential beam mismatch, and residual beam power (after filtering out the leading difference modes via deprojection) for these receivers. We show preliminary results of "beam map simulations," which use these beam maps to observe a simulated temperature (no $Q/U$) sky to estimate T $\rightarrow$ P leakage in our real data., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2021
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8. Observing low elevation sky and the CMB Cold Spot with BICEP3 at the South Pole

Author: Kang, J., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire, J. R., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Denison, E., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Eiben, M., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Goeckner-Wald, N., Goldfinger, D. C., Grayson, J. A., Grimes, P., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S. A., Henderson, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Megerian, K. G., Minutolo, L., Moncelsi, L., Nakato, Y., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Precup, N., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schmitt, B. L., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umiltà, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, E., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., Zhang, C., and Zhang, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: BICEP3 is a 520 mm aperture on-axis refracting telescope at the South Pole, which observes the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 95 GHz to search for the B-mode signal from inflationary gravitational waves. In addition to this main target, we have developed a low-elevation observation strategy to extend coverage of the Southern sky at the South Pole, where BICEP3 can quickly achieve degree-scale E-mode measurements over a large area. An interesting E-mode measurement is probing a potential polarization anomaly around the CMB Cold Spot. During the austral summer seasons of 2018-19 and 2019-20, BICEP3 observed the sky with a flat mirror to redirect the beams to various low elevation ranges. The preliminary data analysis shows degree-scale E-modes measured with high signal-to-noise ratio., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures; Figure 7 shows the correct file
Published: 2020
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9. Polarization Calibration of the BICEP3 CMB polarimeter at the South Pole

Author: Cornelison, J., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire, J. R., Connors, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Denison, E., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Eiben, M., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Goeckner-Wald, N., Goldfinger, D. C., Grayson, J. A., Grimes, P., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S. A., Henderson, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Megerian, K. G., Minutolo, L., Moncelsi, L., Nakato, Y., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Precup, N., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schmitt, B. L., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umiltà, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, E., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., Zhang, C., and Zhang, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The BICEP3 CMB Polarimeter is a small-aperture refracting telescope located at the South Pole and is specifically designed to search for the possible signature of inflationary gravitational waves in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The experiment measures polarization on the sky by differencing the signal of co-located, orthogonally polarized antennas coupled to Transition Edge Sensor (TES) detectors. We present precise measurements of the absolute polarization response angles and polarization efficiencies for nearly all of BICEP3s $\sim800$ functioning polarization-sensitive detector pairs from calibration data taken in January 2018. Using a Rotating Polarized Source (RPS), we mapped polarization response for each detector over a full 360 degrees of source rotation and at multiple telescope boresight rotations from which per-pair polarization properties were estimated. In future work, these results will be used to constrain signals predicted by exotic physical models such as Cosmic Birefringence., Comment: Proceedings submitted to SPIE 2020 (AS111). 12 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2020

10. A Demonstration of Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves with Delensing

Author: BICEP/Keck, Collaborations, SPTpol, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Anderson, A. J., Austermann, J. E., Avva, J. S., Barkats, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Beall, J. A., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bianchini, F., Bischoff, C. A., Bleem, L. E., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Carlstrom, J. E., Chang, C. L., Cheshire IV, J. R., Chiang, H. C., Chou, T-L., Citron, R., Connors, J., Moran, C. Corbett, Cornelison, J., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., de Haan, T., Dierickx, M., Dobbs, M. A., Duband, L., Everett, W., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Gallicchio, J., George, E. M., Germaine, T. St., Goeckner-Wald, N., Goldfinger, D. C., Grayson, J., Gupta, N., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Halverson, N. W., Harrison, S., Henderson, S., Henning, J. W., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Knox, L., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Li, D., Lowitz, A., Manzotti, A., McMahon, J. J., Megerian, K. G., Meyer, S. S., Millea, M., Mocanu, L. M., Moncelsi, L., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Namikawa, T., Natoli, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G., Novosad, V., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Palladino, S., Patil, S., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reichardt, C. L., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Ruhl, J. E., Saliwanchik, B. R., Schaffer, K. K., Schillaci, A., Schmitt, B. L., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Soliman, A., Stark, A. A., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umiltà, C., Veach, T., Vieira, J. D., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Wang, G., Weber, A. C., Whitehorn, N., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, H., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a constraint on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, derived from measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization $B$-modes with "delensing," whereby the uncertainty on $r$ contributed by the sample variance of the gravitational lensing $B$-modes is reduced by cross-correlating against a lensing $B$-mode template. This template is constructed by combining an estimate of the polarized CMB with a tracer of the projected large-scale structure. The large-scale-structure tracer used is a map of the cosmic infrared background derived from Planck satellite data, while the polarized CMB map comes from a combination of South Pole Telescope, BICEP/Keck, and Planck data. We expand the BICEP/Keck likelihood analysis framework to accept a lensing template and apply it to the BICEP/Keck data set collected through 2014 using the same parametric foreground modelling as in the previous analysis. From simulations, we find that the uncertainty on $r$ is reduced by $\sim10\%$, from $\sigma(r)$= 0.024 to 0.022, which can be compared with a $\sim26\%$ reduction obtained when using a perfect lensing template. Applying the technique to the real data, the constraint on $r$ is improved from $r_{0.05} < 0.090$ to $r_{0.05} < 0.082$ (95\% C.L.). This is the first demonstration of improvement in an $r$ constraint through delensing., Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures; match published version
Published: 2020
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11. BICEP / Keck XII: Constraints on axion-like polarization oscillations in the cosmic microwave background

Author: Collaboration, BICEP/Keck, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire IV, J. R., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Goeckner-Wald, N., Grayson, J., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Henderson, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hubmayr, J., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Megerian, K. G., Moncelsi, L., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Prouve, T., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schmitt, B. L., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umilta, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, H., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., Zeng, L., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We present a search for axion-like polarization oscillations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with observations from the Keck Array. A local axion field induces an all-sky, temporally sinusoidal rotation of CMB polarization. A CMB polarimeter can thus function as a direct-detection experiment for axion-like dark matter. We develop techniques to extract an oscillation signal. Many elements of the method are generic to CMB polarimetry experiments and can be adapted for other datasets. As a first demonstration, we process data from the 2012 observing season to set upper limits on the axion-photon coupling constant in the mass range $10^{-21}$-$10^{-18}~\mathrm{eV}$, which corresponds to oscillation periods on the order of hours to months. We find no statistically significant deviations from the background model. For periods larger than $24~\mathrm{hr}$ (mass $m < 4.8 \times 10^{-20}~\mathrm{eV}$), the median 95%-confidence upper limit is equivalent to a rotation amplitude of $0.68^\circ$, which constrains the axion-photon coupling constant to $g_{\phi\gamma} < \left ( 1.1 \times 10^{-11}~\mathrm{GeV}^{-1} \right ) m/\left (10^{-21}~\mathrm{eV} \right )$, if axion-like particles constitute all of the dark matter. The constraints can be improved substantially with data already collected by the BICEP series of experiments. Current and future CMB polarimetry experiments are expected to achieve sufficient sensitivity to rule out unexplored regions of the axion parameter space., Comment: 25 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2020
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12. Optical characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB Polarimeters from 2016 to 2019

Author: Collaboration, The BICEP/Keck, Germaine, T. St, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Thakur, R. Basu, Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire, J., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J. A., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Megerian, K. G., Moncelsi, L., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umilta, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, E., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: The BICEP/Keck experiment (BK) is a series of small-aperture refracting telescopes observing degree-scale Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization from the South Pole in search of a primordial $B$-mode signature. This $B$-mode signal arises from primordial gravitational waves interacting with the CMB, and has amplitude parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$. Since 2016, BICEP3 and the Keck Array have been observing with 4800 total antenna-coupled transition-edge sensor detectors, with frequency bands spanning 95, 150, 220, and 270 GHz. Here we present the optical performance of these receivers from 2016 to 2019, including far-field beams measured in situ with an improved chopped thermal source and instrument spectral response measured with a field-deployable Fourier Transform Spectrometer. As a pair differencing experiment, an important systematic that must be controlled is the differential beam response between the co-located, orthogonally polarized detectors. We generate per-detector far-field beam maps and the corresponding differential beam mismatch that is used to estimate the temperature-to-polarization leakage in our CMB maps and to give feedback on detector and optics fabrication. The differential beam parameters presented here were estimated using improved low-level beam map analysis techniques, including efficient removal of non-Gaussian noise as well as improved spatial masking. These techniques help minimize systematic uncertainty in the beam analysis, with the goal of constraining the bias on $r$ induced by temperature-to-polarization leakage to be subdominant to the statistical uncertainty. This is essential as we progress to higher detector counts in the next generation of CMB experiments., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Accepted by the Journal of Low Temperature Physics (Proceedings of the 18th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors)
Published: 2020
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13. BICEP2 / Keck Array XI: Beam Characterization and Temperature-to-Polarization Leakage in the BK15 Dataset

Author: Array, Keck, Collaborations, BICEP2, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crill, B. P., Crumrine, M., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Larsen, N. A., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Moncelsi, L., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umilta, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, H., Yoon, K. W., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Precision measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization require extreme control of instrumental systematics. In a companion paper we have presented cosmological constraints from observations with the BICEP2 and Keck Array experiments up to and including the 2015 observing season (BK15), resulting in the deepest CMB polarization maps to date and a statistical sensitivity to the tensor-to-scalar ratio of $\sigma(r) = 0.020$. In this work we characterize the beams and constrain potential systematic contamination from main beam shape mismatch at the three BK15 frequencies (95, 150, and 220 GHz). Far-field maps of 7,360 distinct beam patterns taken from 2010-2015 are used to measure differential beam parameters and predict the contribution of temperature-to-polarization leakage to the BK15 B-mode maps. In the multifrequency, multicomponent likelihood analysis that uses BK15, Planck, and WMAP maps to separate sky components, we find that adding this predicted leakage to simulations induces a bias of $\Delta r = 0.0027 \pm 0.0019$. Future results using higher-quality beam maps and improved techniques to detect such leakage in CMB data will substantially reduce this uncertainty, enabling the levels of systematics control needed for BICEP Array and other experiments that plan to definitively probe large-field inflation., Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables. Minor correction to Figure 2 and caption
Published: 2019
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14. BICEP2 / Keck Array x: Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves using Planck, WMAP, and New BICEP2/Keck Observations through the 2015 Season

Author: Array, Keck, Collaborations, BICEP2, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Alexander, K. D., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crill, B. P., Crumrine, M., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Dvorkin, C., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Larsen, N. A., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Moncelsi, L., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umilta, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, H., Yoon, K. W., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present results from an analysis of all data taken by the BICEP2/Keck CMB polarization experiments up to and including the 2015 observing season. This includes the first Keck Array observations at 220 GHz and additional observations at 95 & 150 GHz. The $Q/U$ maps reach depths of 5.2, 2.9 and 26 $\mu$K$_{cmb}$ arcmin at 95, 150 and 220 GHz respectively over an effective area of $\approx 400$ square degrees. The 220 GHz maps achieve a signal-to-noise on polarized dust emission approximately equal to that of Planck at 353 GHz. We take auto- and cross-spectra between these maps and publicly available WMAP and Planck maps at frequencies from 23 to 353 GHz. We evaluate the joint likelihood of the spectra versus a multicomponent model of lensed-$\Lambda$CDM+$r$+dust+synchrotron+noise. The foreground model has seven parameters, and we impose priors on some of these using external information from Planck and WMAP derived from larger regions of sky. The model is shown to be an adequate description of the data at the current noise levels. The likelihood analysis yields the constraint $r_{0.05}<0.07$ at 95% confidence, which tightens to $r_{0.05}<0.06$ in conjunction with Planck temperature measurements and other data. The lensing signal is detected at $8.8 \sigma$ significance. Running maximum likelihood search on simulations we obtain unbiased results and find that $\sigma(r)=0.020$. These are the strongest constraints to date on primordial gravitational waves., Comment: 23 pages, 23 figures, as accepted by PRL, data and figures available for download at http://bicepkeck.org/
Published: 2018
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15. Design and performance of wide-band corrugated walls for the BICEP Array detector modules at 30/40 GHz

Author: Soliman, A., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Alexander, K. D., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crill, B. P., Crumrine, M., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Dvorkin, C., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Larsen, N. A., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Moncelsi, L., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., OBrient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Schillaci, A., Sheehy, C. D., Germaine, T. St., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umilta, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, E., Yoon, K. W., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: BICEP Array is a degree-scale Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiment that will search for primordial B-mode polarization while constraining Galactic foregrounds. BICEP Array will be comprised of four receivers to cover a broad frequency range with channels at 30/40, 95, 150 and 220/270 GHz. The first low-frequency receiver will map synchrotron emission at 30 and 40 GHz and will deploy to the South Pole at the end of 2019. In this paper, we give an overview of the BICEP Array science and instrument, with a focus on the detector module. We designed corrugations in the metal frame of the module to suppress unwanted interactions with the antenna-coupled detectors that would otherwise deform the beams of edge pixels. This design reduces the residual beam systematics and temperature-to-polarization leakage due to beam steering and shape mismatch between polarized beam pairs. We report on the simulated performance of single- and wide-band corrugations designed to minimize these effects. Our optimized design alleviates beam differential ellipticity caused by the metal frame to about 7% over 57% bandwidth (25 to 45 GHz), which is close to the level due the bare antenna itself without a metal frame. Initial laboratory measurements are also presented., Comment: 12 pages and 14 figures
Published: 2018
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16. BICEP Array: a multi-frequency degree-scale CMB polarimeter

Author: Hui, Howard, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Alexander, K. D., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crill, B. P., Crumrine, M., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Dvorkin, C., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Larsen, N. A., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Moncelsi, L., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., OBrient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Schillaci, A., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umilta, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, E., Yoon, K. W., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: BICEP Array is the newest multi-frequency instrument in the BICEP/Keck Array program. It is comprised of four 550 mm aperture refractive telescopes observing the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 30/40, 95, 150 and 220/270 GHz with over 30,000 detectors. We present an overview of the receiver, detailing the optics, thermal, mechanical, and magnetic shielding design. BICEP Array follows BICEP3's modular focal plane concept, and upgrades to 6" wafer to reduce fabrication with higher detector count per module. The first receiver at 30/40 GHz is expected to start observing at the South Pole during the 2019-20 season. By the end of the planned BICEP Array program, we project $\sigma(r) \sim 0.003$, assuming current modeling of polarized Galactic foreground and depending on the level of delensing that can be achieved with higher resolution maps from the South Pole Telescope., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2018
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17. BICEP Array cryostat and mount design

Author: Crumrine, M., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Alexander, K. D., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischof, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crill, B. P., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Dvorkin, C., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Larsen, N. A., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Moncelsi, L., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Schillaci, A., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umilta, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, H., Yoon, K. W., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Bicep Array is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment that will begin observing at the South Pole in early 2019. This experiment replaces the five Bicep2 style receivers that compose the Keck Array with four larger Bicep3 style receivers observing at six frequencies from 30 to 270GHz. The 95GHz and 150GHz receivers will continue to push the already deep Bicep/Keck CMB maps while the 30/40GHz and 220/270GHz receivers will constrain the synchrotron and galactic dust foregrounds respectively. Here we report on the design and performance of the Bicep Array instruments focusing on the mount and cryostat systems., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures. Published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 10708: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI, June 2018
Published: 2018

18. Ultra-Thin Large-Aperture Vacuum Windows for Millimeter Wavelengths Receivers

Author: Barkats, Denis, Dierickx, Marion I., Kovac, John M., Pentacoff, Chris, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Alexander, K. D., Benton, S. J., Bischof, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crill, B. P., Crumrine, M., Duband, L., Dvorkin, C., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Larsen, N. A., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Moncelsi, L., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Schillaci, A., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umilta, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, H., Yoon, K. W., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Targeting faint polarization patterns arising from Primordial Gravitational Waves in the Cosmic Microwave Background requires excellent observational sensitivity. Optical elements in small aperture experiments such as Bicep3 and Keck Array are designed to optimize throughput and minimize losses from transmission, reflection and scattering at millimeter wavelengths. As aperture size increases, cryostat vacuum windows must withstand larger forces from atmospheric pressure and the solution has often led to a thicker window at the expense of larger transmission loss. We have identified a new candidate material for the fabrication of vacuum windows: with a tensile strength two orders of magnitude larger than previously used materials, woven high-modulus polyethylene could allow for dramatically thinner windows, and therefore significantly reduced losses and higher sensitivity. In these proceedings we investigate the suitability of high-modulus polyethylene windows for ground-based CMB experiments, such as current and future receivers in the Bicep/Keck Array program. This includes characterizing their optical transmission as well as their mechanical behavior under atmospheric pressure. We find that such ultra-thin materials are promising candidates to improve the performance of large-aperture instruments at millimeter wavelengths, and outline a plan for further tests ahead of a possible upcoming field deployment of such a science-grade window., Comment: Published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 10708: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI, June 2018. 14 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2018

19. 2017 upgrade and performance of BICEP3: a 95GHz refracting telescope for degree-scale CMB polarization

Author: Kang, Jae Hwan, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Alexander, K. D., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischof, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crill, B. P., Crumrine, M., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Dvorkin, C., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Larsen, N. A., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Moncelsi, L., Namikawa, T., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Schillaci, A., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Germaine, T. St., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umilta, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, H., Yoon, K. W., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: BICEP3 is a 520mm aperture on-axis refracting telescope observing the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 95GHz in search of the B-mode signal originating from inflationary gravitational waves. BICEP3's focal plane is populated with modularized tiles of antenna-coupled transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers. BICEP3 was deployed to the South Pole during 2014-15 austral summer and has been operational since. During the 2016-17 austral summer, we implemented changes to optical elements that lead to better noise performance. We discuss this upgrade and show the performance of BICEP3 at its full mapping speed from the 2017 and 2018 observing seasons. BICEP3 achieves an order-of-magnitude improvement in mapping speed compared to a Keck 95GHz receiver. We demonstrate $6.6\mu K\sqrt{s}$ noise performance of the BICEP3 receiver., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, Published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 10708: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy XI, June 2018
Published: 2018
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20. BICEP2 / Keck Array IX: New Bounds on Anisotropies of CMB Polarization Rotation and Implications for Axion-Like Particles and Primordial Magnetic Fields

Author: Array, Keck, Collaborations, BICEP2, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Alexander, K. D., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Crill, B. P., Duband, L., Dvorkin, C., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Germaine, T. St., Ghosh, T., Grayson, J., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Larsen, N. A., Leitch, E. M., Megerian, K. G., Moncelsi, L., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Pryke, C., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: We present the strongest constraints to date on anisotropies of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization rotation derived from 150 GHz data taken by the BICEP2/Keck Array CMB experiments up to and including the 2014 observing season (BK14). The definition of the polarization angle in BK14 maps has gone through self-calibration in which the overall angle is adjusted to minimize the observed TB and EB power spectra. After this procedure, the QU maps lose sensitivity to a uniform polarization rotation but are still sensitive to anisotropies of polarization rotation. This analysis places constraints on the anisotropies of polarization rotation, which could be generated by CMB photons interacting with axionlike pseudoscalar fields or Faraday rotation induced by primordial magnetic fields. The sensitivity of BK14 maps ($\sim 3\mu$K-arcmin) makes it possible to reconstruct anisotropies of the polarization rotation angle and measure their angular power spectrum much more precisely than previous attempts. Our data are found to be consistent with no polarization rotation anisotropies, improving the upper bound on the amplitude of the rotation angle spectrum by roughly an order of magnitude compared to the previous best constraints. Our results lead to an order of magnitude better constraint on the coupling constant of the Chern-Simons electromagnetic term $g_{a\gamma}\leq 7.2\times 10^{-2}/H_I$ (95% confidence) than the constraint derived from the B-mode spectrum, where $H_I$ is the inflationary Hubble scale. This constraint leads to a limit on the decay constant of $10^{-6}\lesssim f_a/M_{\rm pl}$ at mass range of $10^{-33}< m_a< 10^{-28}$ eV for $r=0.01$, assuming $g_{a\gamma}\sim\alpha/(2\pi f_a)$ with $\alpha$ denoting the fine structure constant. The upper bound on the amplitude of the primordial magnetic fields is 30nG (95% confidence) from the polarization rotation anisotropies., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2017
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21. BICEP3 focal plane design and detector performance

Author: Hui, H., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Alexander, K. D., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bowens-Rubin, R., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J. A., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hilton, G. C., Hristov, V. V., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Monticue, V., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Pryke, C., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Sorensen, C., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wu, W. L. K., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: BICEP3, the latest telescope in the BICEP/Keck program, started science observations in March 2016. It is a 550mm aperture refractive telescope observing the polarization of the cosmic microwave background at 95 GHz. We show the focal plane design and detector performance, including spectral response, optical efficiency and preliminary sensitivity of the upgraded BICEP3. We demonstrate 9.72$\mu$K$\sqrt{\textrm{s}}$ noise performance of the BICEP3 receiver., Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures. To be published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 9914: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, June 2016
Published: 2016
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22. BICEP3 performance overview and planned Keck Array upgrade

Author: Grayson, J. A., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Alexander, K. D., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bowens-Rubin, R., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hilton, G. C., Hristov, V. V., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Monticue, V., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Pryke, C., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Sorensen, C., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wu, W. L. K., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: BICEP3 is a 520 mm aperture, compact two-lens refractor designed to observe the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at 95 GHz. Its focal plane consists of modularized tiles of antenna-coupled transition edge sensors (TESs), similar to those used in BICEP2 and the Keck Array. The increased per-receiver optical throughput compared to BICEP2/Keck Array, due to both its faster f/1.7 optics and the larger aperture, more than doubles the combined mapping speed of the BICEP/Keck program. The BICEP3 receiver was recently upgraded to a full complement of 20 tiles of detectors (2560 TESs) and is now beginning its second year of observation (and first science season) at the South Pole. We report on its current performance and observing plans. Given its high per-receiver throughput while maintaining the advantages of a compact design, BICEP3-class receivers are ideally suited as building blocks for a 3rd-generation CMB experiment, consisting of multiple receivers spanning 35 GHz to 270 GHz with total detector count in the tens of thousands. We present plans for such an array, the new "BICEP Array" that will replace the Keck Array at the South Pole, including design optimization, frequency coverage, and deployment/observing strategies., Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures. To be published in Proc. SPIE. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 9914: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, June 2016
Published: 2016
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23. Optical Characterization of the BICEP3 CMB Polarimeter at the South Pole

Author: Karkare, K. S., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Alexander, K. D., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bowens-Rubin, R., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S. T., Grayson, J. A., Halpern, M., Harrison, S. A., Hilton, G. C., Hristov, V. V., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J. H., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Monticue, V., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Pryke, C., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Germaine, M. T. St., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: BICEP3 is a small-aperture refracting cosmic microwave background (CMB) telescope designed to make sensitive polarization maps in pursuit of a potential B-mode signal from inflationary gravitational waves. It is the latest in the BICEP/Keck Array series of CMB experiments at the South Pole, which has provided the most stringent constraints on inflation to date. For the 2016 observing season, BICEP3 was outfitted with a full suite of 2400 optically coupled detectors operating at 95 GHz. In these proceedings we report on the far field beam performance using calibration data taken during the 2015-2016 summer deployment season in situ with a thermal chopped source. We generate high-fidelity per-detector beam maps, show the array-averaged beam profile, and characterize the differential beam response between co-located, orthogonally polarized detectors which contributes to the leading instrumental systematic in pair differencing experiments. We find that the levels of differential pointing, beamwidth, and ellipticity are similar to or lower than those measured for BICEP2 and Keck Array. The magnitude and distribution of BICEP3's differential beam mismatch - and the level to which temperature-to-polarization leakage may be marginalized over or subtracted in analysis - will inform the design of next-generation CMB experiments with many thousands of detectors., Comment: 17 pages, 9 figures. Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference 9914: Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VIII, June 2016
Published: 2016
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24. BICEP2 / Keck Array VIII: Measurement of gravitational lensing from large-scale B-mode polarization

Author: Array, The Keck, Collaborations, BICEP2, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Alexander, K. D., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Crill, B. P., Duband, L., Dvorkin, C., Filippin, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Orlando, A., Pryke, C., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present measurements of polarization lensing using the 150 GHz maps which include all data taken by the BICEP2 & Keck Array CMB polarization experiments up to and including the 2014 observing season (BK14). Despite their modest angular resolution ($\sim 0.5^\circ$), the excellent sensitivity ($\sim 3\mu$K-arcmin) of these maps makes it possible to directly reconstruct the lensing potential using only information at larger angular scales ($\ell\leq 700$). From the auto-spectrum of the reconstructed potential we measure an amplitude of the spectrum to be $A^{\phi\phi}_{\rm L}=1.15\pm 0.36$ (Planck $\Lambda$CDM prediction corresponds to $A^{\phi\phi}_{\rm L}=1$), and reject the no-lensing hypothesis at 5.8$\sigma$, which is the highest significance achieved to date using an EB lensing estimator. Taking the cross-spectrum of the reconstructed potential with the Planck 2015 lensing map yields $A^{\phi\phi}_{\rm L}=1.13\pm 0.20$. These direct measurements of $A^{\phi\phi}_{\rm L}$ are consistent with the $\Lambda$CDM cosmology, and with that derived from the previously reported BK14 B-mode auto-spectrum ($A^{\rm BB}_{\rm L}=1.20\pm 0.17$). We perform a series of null tests and consistency checks to show that these results are robust against systematics and are insensitive to analysis choices. These results unambiguously demonstrate that the B-modes previously reported by BICEP / Keck at intermediate angular scales ($150\lesssim\ell\lesssim 350$) are dominated by gravitational lensing. The good agreement between the lensing amplitudes obtained from the lensing reconstruction and B-mode spectrum starts to place constraints on any alternative cosmological sources of B-modes at these angular scales., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2016
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25. BICEP2 / Keck Array VII: Matrix based E/B Separation applied to BICEP2 and the Keck Array

Author: Array, Keck, Collaborations, BICEP2, Ade, P., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Alexander, K. D., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Crill, B. P., Duband, L., Dvorkin, C., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., W. IV, R., Orlando, A., Pryke, C., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: A linear polarization field on the sphere can be uniquely decomposed into an E-mode and a B-mode component. These two components are analytically defined in terms of spin-2 spherical harmonics. Maps that contain filtered modes on a partial sky can also be decomposed into E-mode and B-mode components. However, the lack of full sky information prevents orthogonally separating these components using spherical harmonics. In this paper, we present a technique for decomposing an incomplete map into E and B-mode components using E and B eigenmodes of the pixel covariance in the observed map. This method is found to orthogonally define E and B in the presence of both partial sky coverage and spatial filtering. This method has been applied to the BICEP2 and the Keck Array maps and results in reducing E to B leakage from LCDM E-modes to a level corresponding to a tensor-to-scalar ratio of $r<1\times10^{-4}$., Comment: 21 pages, 23 figures, minor updates to reflect accepted version
Published: 2016
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26. Initial Performance of BICEP3: A Degree Angular Scale 95 GHz Band Polarimeter

Author: Wu, W. L. K., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Alexander, K. D., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bowens-Rubin, R., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J. A., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J. A., Halpern, M., Harrison, S. A., Hilton, G. C., Hristov, V. V., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Megerian, K. G., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Pryke, C., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Sorensen, C., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C. E., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: BICEP3 is a $550~mm$ aperture telescope with cold, on-axis, refractive optics designed to observe at the $95~GHz$ band from the South Pole. It is the newest member of the BICEP/Keck family of inflationary probes specifically designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at degree-angular scales. BICEP3 is designed to house 1280 dual-polarization pixels, which, when fully-populated, totals to $\sim$9$\times$ the number of pixels in a single Keck $95~GHz$ receiver, thus further advancing the BICEP/Keck program's $95~GHz$ mapping speed. BICEP3 was deployed during the austral summer of 2014-2015 with 9 detector tiles, to be increased to its full capacity of 20 in the second season. After instrument characterization measurements were taken, CMB observation commenced in April 2015. Together with multi-frequency observation data from Planck, BICEP2, and the Keck Array, BICEP3 is projected to set upper limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio to $r$ $\lesssim 0.03$ at $95\%$ C.L.., Comment: 7 pages, LTD-16 proceedings
Published: 2016
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27. BICEP2 / Keck Array VI: Improved Constraints On Cosmology and Foregrounds When Adding 95 GHz Data From Keck Array

Author: Array, Keck, Collaborations, BICEP2, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Alexander, K. D., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bowens-Rubin, R., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Crill, B. P., Duband, L., Dvorkin, C., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Orlando, A., Pryke, C., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present results from an analysis of all data taken by the BICEP2 & Keck Array CMB polarization experiments up to and including the 2014 observing season. This includes the first Keck Array observations at 95 GHz. The maps reach a depth of 50 nK deg in Stokes $Q$ and $U$ in the 150 GHz band and 127 nK deg in the 95 GHz band. We take auto- and cross-spectra between these maps and publicly available maps from WMAP and Planck at frequencies from 23 GHz to 353 GHz. An excess over lensed-LCDM is detected at modest significance in the 95x150 $BB$ spectrum, and is consistent with the dust contribution expected from our previous work. No significant evidence for synchrotron emission is found in spectra such as 23x95, or for correlation between the dust and synchrotron sky patterns in spectra such as 23x353. We take the likelihood of all the spectra for a multi-component model including lensed-LCDM, dust, synchrotron and a possible contribution from inflationary gravitational waves (as parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$), using priors on the frequency spectral behaviors of dust and synchrotron emission from previous analyses of WMAP and Planck data in other regions of the sky. This analysis yields an upper limit $r_{0.05}<0.09$ at 95% confidence, which is robust to variations explored in analysis and priors. Combining these $B$-mode results with the (more model-dependent) constraints from Planck analysis of CMB temperature plus BAO and other data, yields a combined limit $r_{0.05}<0.07$ at 95% confidence. These are the strongest constraints to date on inflationary gravitational waves., Comment: 17 pages, 18 figures, minor updates to reflect accepted version, data and figures available for download at http://bicepkeck.org/
Published: 2015
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28. A Joint Analysis of BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck Data

Author: BICEP2/Keck, Collaborations, Planck, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Alexander, K. D., Arnaud, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barkats, D., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Bartolo, N., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Benoit-Lévy, A., Benton, S. J., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Brevik, J. A., Bucher, M., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Buza, V., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Challinor, A., Chary, R. -R., Chiang, H. C., Christensen, P. R., Colombo, L. P. L., Combet, C., Connors, J., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Curto, A., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. -M., Désert, F. -X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dowell, C. D., Duband, L., Ducout, A., Dunkley, J., Dupac, X., Dvorkin, C., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Falgarone, E., Filippini, J. P., Finelli, F., Fliescher, S., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frejsel, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Ghosh, T., Giard, M., Gjerløw, E., Golwala, S. R., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Halpern, M., Hansen, F. K., Hanson, D., Harrison, D. L., Hasselfield, M., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hovest, W., Hristov, V. V., Huffenberger, K. M., Hui, H., Hurier, G., Irwin, K. D., Jaffe, A. H., Jaffe, T. R., Jewell, J., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Karakci, A., Karkare, K. S., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Keihänen, E., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kovac, J. M., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kunz, M., Kuo, C. L., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Leitch, E. M., Leonardi, R., Levrier, F., Lewis, A., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Lueker, M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Mason, P., Matarrese, S., Megerian, K. G., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Moss, A., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Orlando, A., Pagano, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Pryke, C., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Renzi, A., Richter, S., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rossetti, M., Roudier, G., Rowan-Robinson, M., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savelainen, M., Savini, G., Schwarz, R., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Sheehy, C. D., Spencer, L. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Stolyarov, V., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Teply, G. P., Terenzi, L., Thompson, K. L., Toffolatti, L., Tolan, J. E., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tucci, M., Turner, A. D., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Vieregg, A. G., Villa, F., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Watson, R., Weber, A. C., Wehus, I. K., White, M., White, S. D. M., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Yoon, K. W., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., and Zonca, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: We report the results of a joint analysis of data from BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck. BICEP2 and Keck Array have observed the same approximately 400 deg$^2$ patch of sky centered on RA 0h, Dec. $-57.5\deg$. The combined maps reach a depth of 57 nK deg in Stokes $Q$ and $U$ in a band centered at 150 GHz. Planck has observed the full sky in polarization at seven frequencies from 30 to 353 GHz, but much less deeply in any given region (1.2 $\mu$K deg in $Q$ and $U$ at 143 GHz). We detect 150$\times$353 cross-correlation in $B$-modes at high significance. We fit the single- and cross-frequency power spectra at frequencies $\geq 150$ GHz to a lensed-$\Lambda$CDM model that includes dust and a possible contribution from inflationary gravitational waves (as parameterized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$), using a prior on the frequency spectral behavior of polarized dust emission from previous \planck\ analysis of other regions of the sky. We find strong evidence for dust and no statistically significant evidence for tensor modes. We probe various model variations and extensions, including adding a synchrotron component in combination with lower frequency data, and find that these make little difference to the $r$ constraint. Finally we present an alternative analysis which is similar to a map-based cleaning of the dust contribution, and show that this gives similar constraints. The final result is expressed as a likelihood curve for $r$, and yields an upper limit $r_{0.05}<0.12$ at 95% confidence. Marginalizing over dust and $r$, lensing $B$-modes are detected at $7.0\,\sigma$ significance., Comment: Version updated to match published. Data and figures available for download at http://bicepkeck.org and http://pla.esac.esa.int/pla
Published: 2015
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29. Antenna-coupled TES bolometers used in BICEP2, Keck array, and SPIDER

Author: Ade, P. A. R., Aikin, R. W., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bonetti, J. A., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Chattopadhyay, G., Davis, G., Day, P. K., Dowell, C. D., Duband, L., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Golwala, S. R., Halpern, M., Hasselfield, M., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hristov, V., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Jones, W. C., Karkare, K. S., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leduc, H. G., Leitch, E. M., Llombart, N., Lueker, M., Mason, P., Megerian, K., Moncelsi, L., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn Iv, R. W., Orlando, A., Pryke, C., Rahlin, A. S., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Runyan, M. C., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Tolan, J. E., Trangsrud, A., Tucker, R. S., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Weber, A., Wiebe, D. V., Wilson, P., Wong, C. L., Yoon, K. W., and Zmuidzinas, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We have developed antenna-coupled transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers for a wide range of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimetry experiments, including BICEP2, Keck Array, and the balloon borne SPIDER. These detectors have reached maturity and this paper reports on their design principles, overall performance, and key challenges associated with design and production. Our detector arrays repeatedly produce spectral bands with 20%-30% bandwidth at 95, 150, or 220~GHz. The integrated antenna arrays synthesize symmetric co-aligned beams with controlled side-lobe levels. Cross-polarized response on boresight is typically ~0.5%, consistent with cross-talk in our multiplexed readout system. End-to-end optical efficiencies in our cameras are routinely 35% or higher, with per detector sensitivities of NET~300 uKrts. Thanks to the scalability of this design, we have deployed 2560 detectors as 1280 matched pairs in Keck Array with a combined instantaneous sensitivity of ~9 uKrts, as measured directly from CMB maps in the 2013 season. Similar arrays have recently flown in the SPIDER instrument, and development of this technology is ongoing., Comment: 16 pgs, 20 figs
Published: 2015
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30. BICEP2/Keck Array IV: Optical Characterization and Performance of the BICEP2 and Keck Array Experiments

Author: BICEP2, The, Collaborations, Keck Array, Ade, P. A. R., Aikin, R. W., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bradford, K. J., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Dowell, C. D., Duband, L., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Golwala, S. R., Halpern, M., Hasselfield, M., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J. H., Karkare, K. S., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Megerian, K. G., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Orlando, A., Pryke, C., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K., Tolan, J. E., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Weber, A. C., Wong, C. L., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: BICEP2 and the Keck Array are polarization-sensitive microwave telescopes that observe the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from the South Pole at degree angular scales in search of a signature of inflation imprinted as B-mode polarization in the CMB. BICEP2 was deployed in late 2009, observed for three years until the end of 2012 at 150 GHz with 512 antenna-coupled transition edge sensor bolometers, and has reported a detection of B-mode polarization on degree angular scales. The Keck Array was first deployed in late 2010 and will observe through 2016 with five receivers at several frequencies (95, 150, and 220 GHz). BICEP2 and the Keck Array share a common optical design and employ the field-proven BICEP1 strategy of using small-aperture, cold, on-axis refractive optics, providing excellent control of systematics while maintaining a large field of view. This design allows for full characterization of far-field optical performance using microwave sources on the ground. Here we describe the optical design of both instruments and report a full characterization of the optical performance and beams of BICEP2 and the Keck Array at 150 GHz., Comment: 21 pages, 27 figures
Published: 2015
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31. BICEP2 III: Instrumental Systematics

Author: BICEP2 Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aikin, R. W., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Dowell, C. D., Duband, L., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Golwala, S. R., Halpern, M., Hasselfield, M., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Irwin, K. D., Karkare, K. S., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Orlando, A., Pryke, C., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Tolan, J. E., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Wong, C. L., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: In a companion paper we have reported a $>5\sigma$ detection of degree scale $B $-mode polarization at 150 GHz by the BICEP2 experiment. Here we provide a detailed study of potential instrumental systematic contamination to that measurement. We focus extensively on spurious polarization that can potentially arise from beam imperfections. We present a heuristic classification of beam imperfections according to their symmetries and uniformities, and discuss how resulting contamination adds or cancels in maps that combine observations made at multiple orientations of the telescope about its boresight axis. We introduce a technique, which we call "deprojection", for filtering the leading order beam-induced contamination from time ordered data, and show that it removes power from BICEP2's $BB$ spectrum consistent with predictions using high signal-to-noise beam shape measurements. We detail the simulation pipeline that we use to directly simulate instrumental systematics and the calibration data used as input to that pipeline. Finally, we present the constraints on $BB$ contamination from individual sources of potential systematics. We find that systematics contribute $BB$ power that is a factor $\sim10\times$ below BICEP2's 3-year statistical uncertainty, and negligible compared to the observed $BB$ signal. The contribution to the best-fit tensor/scalar ratio is at a level equivalent to $r=(3-6)\times10^{-3}$., Comment: 26 pages, 16 figures, higher quality figures available at http://bicepkeck.org
Published: 2015
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32. BICEP2 / Keck Array V: Measurements of B-mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales and 150 GHz by the Keck Array

Author: BICEP2, The, Collaborations, Keck Array, Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Alexander, K. D., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Connors, J., Crill, B. P., Dowell, C. D., Dvorkin, C., Duband, L., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Golwala, S. R., Halpern, M., Hasselfield, M., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hristov, V. V., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Karkare, K. S., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Mason, P., Megerian, K. G., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Orlando, A., Pryke, C., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Weber, A. C., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Keck Array is a system of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimeters, each similar to the BICEP2 experiment. In this paper we report results from the 2012 and 2013 observing seasons, during which the Keck Array consisted of five receivers all operating in the same (150 GHz) frequency band and observing field as BICEP2. We again find an excess of B-mode power over the lensed-$\Lambda$CDM expectation of $> 5 \sigma$ in the range $30 < \ell < 150$ and confirm that this is not due to systematics using jackknife tests and simulations based on detailed calibration measurements. In map difference and spectral difference tests these new data are shown to be consistent with BICEP2. Finally, we combine the maps from the two experiments to produce final Q and U maps which have a depth of 57 nK deg (3.4 $\mu$K arcmin) over an effective area of 400 deg$^2$ for an equivalent survey weight of 250,000 $\mu$K$^{-2}$. The final BB band powers have noise uncertainty a factor of 2.3 times better than the previous results, and a significance of detection of excess power of $> 6\sigma$., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2015
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33. BICEP2 II: Experiment and Three-Year Data Set

Author: BICEP2 Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R, Aikin, R. W., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Davis, G., Dowell, C. D., Duband, L., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Golwala, S. R., Halpern, M., Hasselfield, M., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hristov, V. V., Irwin, K. D., Karkare, K. S., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Llombart, N., Lueker, M., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Orlando, A., Pryke, C., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Story, K. T., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Tolan, J. E., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Wilson, P., Wong, C. L., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We report on the design and performance of the BICEP2 instrument and on its three-year data set. BICEP2 was designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 1 to 5 degrees ($\ell$=40-200), near the expected peak of the B-mode polarization signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation. Measuring B-modes requires dramatic improvements in sensitivity combined with exquisite control of systematics. The BICEP2 telescope observed from the South Pole with a 26~cm aperture and cold, on-axis, refractive optics. BICEP2 also adopted a new detector design in which beam-defining slot antenna arrays couple to transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers, all fabricated on a common substrate. The antenna-coupled TES detectors supported scalable fabrication and multiplexed readout that allowed BICEP2 to achieve a high detector count of 500 bolometers at 150 GHz, giving unprecedented sensitivity to B-modes at degree angular scales. After optimization of detector and readout parameters, BICEP2 achieved an instrument noise-equivalent temperature of 15.8 $\mu$K sqrt(s). The full data set reached Stokes Q and U map depths of 87.2 nK in square-degree pixels (5.2 $\mu$K arcmin) over an effective area of 384 square degrees within a 1000 square degree field. These are the deepest CMB polarization maps at degree angular scales to date. The power spectrum analysis presented in a companion paper has resulted in a significant detection of B-mode polarization at degree scales., Comment: 30 pages, 24 figures
Published: 2014
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34. BICEP2 I: Detection Of B-mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales

Author: Ade, P. A. R, Aikin, R. W., Barkats, D., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Brevik, J. A., Buder, I., Bullock, E., Dowell, C. D., Duband, L., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Golwala, S. R., Halpern, M., Hasselfield, M., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hristov, V. V., Irwin, K. D., Karkare, K. S., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Mason, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Orlando, A., Pryke, C., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Tolan, J. E., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Wong, C. L., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: (abridged for arXiv) We report results from the BICEP2 experiment, a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarimeter specifically designed to search for the signal of inflationary gravitational waves in the B-mode power spectrum around $\ell\sim80$. The telescope comprised a 26 cm aperture all-cold refracting optical system equipped with a focal plane of 512 antenna coupled transition edge sensor 150 GHz bolometers each with temperature sensitivity of $\approx300\mu\mathrm{K}_\mathrm{CMB}\sqrt{s}$. BICEP2 observed from the South Pole for three seasons from 2010 to 2012. A low-foreground region of sky with an effective area of 380 square deg was observed to a depth of 87 nK deg in Stokes $Q$ and $U$. We find an excess of $B$-mode power over the base lensed-LCDM expectation in the range $30< \ell< 150$, inconsistent with the null hypothesis at a significance of $> 5\sigma$. Through jackknife tests and simulations we show that systematic contamination is much smaller than the observed excess. We also examine a number of available models of polarized dust emission and find that at their default parameter values they predict power $\sim(5-10)\times$ smaller than the observed excess signal. However, these models are not sufficiently constrained to exclude the possibility of dust emission bright enough to explain the entire excess signal. Cross correlating BICEP2 against 100 GHz maps from the BICEP1 experiment, the excess signal is confirmed and its spectral index is found to be consistent with that of the CMB, disfavoring dust at $1.7\sigma$. The observed $B$-mode power spectrum is well fit by a lensed-LCDM + tensor theoretical model with tensor-to-scalar ratio $r=0.20^{+0.07}_{-0.05}$, with $r=0$ disfavored at $7.0\sigma$. Accounting for the contribution of foreground dust will shift this value downward by an amount which will be better constrained with upcoming data sets., Comment: 26 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2014
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35. Optical Characterization of the Keck Array and BICEP3 CMB Polarimeters from 2016 to 2019

Author: St Germaine, T., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Barkats, D., Basu Thakur, R., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Boenish, H., Bullock, E., Buza, V., Cheshire, J., Connors, J., Cornelison, J., Crumrine, M., Cukierman, A., Dierickx, M., Duband, L., Fatigoni, S., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Grayson, J. A., Hall, G., Halpern, M., Harrison, S., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hilton, G. C., Hui, H., Irwin, K. D., Kang, J., Karkare, K. S., Karpel, E., Kefeli, S., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Lau, K., Leitch, E. M., Megerian, K. G., Moncelsi, L., Namikawa, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O’Brient, R., Ogburn, IV, R. W., Palladino, S., Pryke, C., Racine, B., Reintsema, C. D., Richter, S., Schillaci, A., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Soliman, A., Steinbach, B., Sudiwala, R. V., Thompson, K. L., Tolan, J. E., Tucker, C., Turner, A. D., Umiltà, C., Vieregg, A. G., Wandui, A., Weber, A. C., Wiebe, D. V., Willmert, J., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., Yang, E., Yoon, K. W., Young, E., Yu, C., and Zhang, C.
Published: 2020
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36. Joint Analysis of BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck Data

Author: Ade, PAR, Aghanim, N, Ahmed, Z, Aikin, RW, Alexander, KD, Arnaud, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Banday, AJ, Barkats, D, Barreiro, RB, Bartlett, JG, Bartolo, N, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoît, A, Benoit-Lévy, A, Benton, SJ, Bernard, J-P, Bersanelli, M, Bielewicz, P, Bischoff, CA, Bock, JJ, Bonaldi, A, Bonavera, L, Bond, JR, Borrill, J, Bouchet, FR, Boulanger, F, Brevik, JA, Bucher, M, Buder, I, Bullock, E, Burigana, C, Butler, RC, Buza, V, Calabrese, E, Cardoso, J-F, Catalano, A, Challinor, A, Chary, R-R, Chiang, HC, Christensen, PR, Colombo, LPL, Combet, C, Connors, J, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, BP, Curto, A, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davies, RD, Davis, RJ, de Bernardis, P, de Rosa, A, de Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, J-M, Désert, F-X, Dickinson, C, Diego, JM, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Doré, O, Douspis, M, Dowell, CD, Duband, L, Ducout, A, Dunkley, J, Dupac, X, Dvorkin, C, Efstathiou, G, Elsner, F, Enßlin, TA, Eriksen, HK, Falgarone, E, Filippini, JP, Finelli, F, Fliescher, S, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Fraisse, AA, Franceschi, E, Frejsel, A, Galeotta, S, Galli, S, Ganga, K, Ghosh, T, Giard, M, Gjerløw, E, Golwala, SR, González-Nuevo, J, Górski, KM, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Gudmundsson, JE, Halpern, M, and Hansen, FK
Subjects: Space Sciences, Physical Sciences, (BICEP2/Keck and Planck Collaborations), astro-ph.CO, gr-qc, hep-ph, hep-th, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract: We report the results of a joint analysis of data from BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck. BICEP2 and Keck Array have observed the same approximately 400 deg^{2} patch of sky centered on RA 0 h, Dec. -57.5°. The combined maps reach a depth of 57 nK deg in Stokes Q and U in a band centered at 150 GHz. Planck has observed the full sky in polarization at seven frequencies from 30 to 353 GHz, but much less deeply in any given region (1.2 μK deg in Q and U at 143 GHz). We detect 150×353 cross-correlation in B modes at high significance. We fit the single- and cross-frequency power spectra at frequencies ≥150 GHz to a lensed-ΛCDM model that includes dust and a possible contribution from inflationary gravitational waves (as parametrized by the tensor-to-scalar ratio r), using a prior on the frequency spectral behavior of polarized dust emission from previous Planck analysis of other regions of the sky. We find strong evidence for dust and no statistically significant evidence for tensor modes. We probe various model variations and extensions, including adding a synchrotron component in combination with lower frequency data, and find that these make little difference to the r constraint. Finally, we present an alternative analysis which is similar to a map-based cleaning of the dust contribution, and show that this gives similar constraints. The final result is expressed as a likelihood curve for r, and yields an upper limit r_{0.05}
Published: 2015

37. Antennas for the Detection of Radio Emission Pulses from Cosmic-Ray induced Air Showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahlers, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. Alves, Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Balzer, M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M. M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buroker, L., Burton, R. E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Diaz, J. Chirinos, Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G., Junior, W. J. M. de Mello, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K. D., del Peral, L., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diep, P. N., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Anjos, J. C. dos, Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fratu, O., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., Roca, S. T. Garcia, Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Bravo, A. Gascon, Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giller, M., Gitto, J., Glass, H., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grigat, M., Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A. E., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Kampert, K. H., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D. -H., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J. K., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., LaHurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lautridou, P., Coz, S. Le, Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Agüera, A. Lopez, Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Falcon, H. R. Marquez, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martraire, D., Meza, J. J. Masías, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Meyhandan, R., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J. C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nhung, P. T., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M., Porcelli, A., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, G., Cabo, I. Rodriguez, Martino, J. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Lopez, H. H. Silva, Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Taşcău, O., Tcaciuc, R., Thao, N. T., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., Berg, A. M. van den, van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Widom, A., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Garcia, B. Zamorano, Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Silva, M. Zimbres, Ziolkowski, M., Charrier, D., Denis, L., Hilgers, G., Mohrmann, L., Philipps, B., and Seeger, O.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory is exploring the potential of the radio detection technique to study extensive air showers induced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) addresses both technological and scientific aspects of the radio technique. A first phase of AERA has been operating since September 2010 with detector stations observing radio signals at frequencies between 30 and 80 MHz. In this paper we present comparative studies to identify and optimize the antenna design for the final configuration of AERA consisting of 160 individual radio detector stations. The transient nature of the air shower signal requires a detailed description of the antenna sensor. As the ultra-wideband reception of pulses is not widely discussed in antenna literature, we review the relevant antenna characteristics and enhance theoretical considerations towards the impulse response of antennas including polarization effects and multiple signal reflections. On the basis of the vector effective length we study the transient response characteristics of three candidate antennas in the time domain. Observing the variation of the continuous galactic background intensity we rank the antennas with respect to the noise level added to the galactic signal., Comment: Accepted for publication in JINST, 50 pages, 25 figures
Published: 2012
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38. Antenna-coupled TES bolometers for the Keck Array, Spider, and Polar-1

Author: O'Brient, R., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Aikin, R. W., Amiri, M., Benton, S., Bischoff, C., Bock, J. J., Bonetti, J. A., Brevik, J. A., Burger, B., Davis, G., Day, P., Dowell, C. D., Duband, L., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Golwala, S. R., Grayson, J., Halpern, M., Hasselfield, M., Hilton, G., Hristov, V. V., Hui, H., Irwin, K., Kernasovskiy, S., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E., Lueker, M., Megerian, K., Moncelsi, L., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., Ogburn IV, R. W., Pryke, C. L., Reintsema, C., Ruhl, J. E., Runyan, M. C., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z., Sudiwala, R., Teply, G., Tolan, J. E., Turner, A. D., Tucker, R. S., Vieregg, A., Wiebe, D. V., Wilson, P., Wong, C. L., Wu, W. L. K., and Yoon, K. W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Between the BICEP2 and Keck Array experiments, we have deployed over 1500 dual polarized antenna coupled bolometers to map the Cosmic Microwave Background's polarization. We have been able to rapidly deploy these detectors because they are completely planar with an integrated phased-array antenna. Through our experience in these experiments, we have learned of several challenges with this technology- specifically the beam synthesis in the antenna- and in this paper we report on how we have modified our designs to mitigate these challenges. In particular, we discus differential steering errors between the polarization pairs' beam centroids due to microstrip cross talk and gradients of penetration depth in the niobium thin films of our millimeter wave circuits. We also discuss how we have suppressed side lobe response with a Gaussian taper of our antenna illumination pattern. These improvements will be used in Spider, Polar-1, and this season's retrofit of Keck Array., Comment: Presented at SPIE Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI, July 6, 2012. To be published in Proceedings of SPIE Volume 8452
Published: 2012
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39. The Rapid Atmospheric Monitoring System of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahlers, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. Alves, Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Balzer, M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buroker, L., Burton, R. E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Diaz, J. Chirinos, Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G., Junior, W. J. M. de Mello, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K. D., del Peral, L., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diep, P. N., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Anjos, J. C. dos, Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fratu, O., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., Roca, S. T. Garcia, Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garilli, G., Bravo, A. Gascon, Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giller, M., Gitto, J., Glass, H., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A. E., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Kampert, K. H., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D. -H., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J. K., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., LaHurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lautridou, P., Coz, S. Le, Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Agüera, A. Lopez, Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Falcon, H. R. Marquez, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martraire, D., Meza, J. J. Masías, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Meyhandan, R., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J. C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nhung, P. T., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M., Porcelli, A., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, G., Cabo, I. Rodriguez, Martino, J. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Lopez, H. H. Silva, Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Taşcău, O., Tcaciuc, R., Thao, N. T., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., Berg, A. M. van den, van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Widom, A., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Garcia, B. Zamorano, Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Silva, M. Zimbres, and Ziolkowski, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory is a facility built to detect air showers produced by cosmic rays above 10^17 eV. During clear nights with a low illuminated moon fraction, the UV fluorescence light produced by air showers is recorded by optical telescopes at the Observatory. To correct the observations for variations in atmospheric conditions, atmospheric monitoring is performed at regular intervals ranging from several minutes (for cloud identification) to several hours (for aerosol conditions) to several days (for vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, and humidity). In 2009, the monitoring program was upgraded to allow for additional targeted measurements of atmospheric conditions shortly after the detection of air showers of special interest, e.g., showers produced by very high-energy cosmic rays or showers with atypical longitudinal profiles. The former events are of particular importance for the determination of the energy scale of the Observatory, and the latter are characteristic of unusual air shower physics or exotic primary particle types. The purpose of targeted (or "rapid") monitoring is to improve the resolution of the atmospheric measurements for such events. In this paper, we report on the implementation of the rapid monitoring program and its current status. The rapid monitoring data have been analyzed and applied to the reconstruction of air showers of high interest, and indicate that the air fluorescence measurements affected by clouds and aerosols are effectively corrected using measurements from the regular atmospheric monitoring program. We find that the rapid monitoring program has potential for supporting dedicated physics analyses beyond the standard event reconstruction.
Published: 2012
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40. Optimization and sensitivity of the Keck Array

Author: Kernasovskiy, S., Ade, P. A. R., Aikin, R. W., Amiri, M., Benton, S., Bischoff, C., Bock, J. J., Bonetti, J. A., Brevik, J. A., Burger, B., Davis, G., Dowell, C. D., Duband, L., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Golwala, S. R., Halpern, M., Hasselfield, M., Hiltion, G., Hristov, V. V., Irwin, K., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E., Lueker, M., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Pryke, C. L., Reintsema, C., Ruhl, J. E., Runyan, M. C., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z., Sudiwala, R., Teply, G., Tolan, J. E., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A., Wiebe, D. V., Wilson, P., and Wongg, C. L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Keck Array (SPUD) began observing the cosmic microwave background's polarization in the winter of 2011 at the South Pole. The Keck Array follows the success of the predecessor experiments Bicep and Bicep2, using five on-axis refracting telescopes. These have a combined imaging array of 2500 antenna-coupled TES bolometers read with a SQUID-based time domain multiplexing system. We will discuss the detector noise and the optimization of the readout. The achieved sensitivity of the Keck Array is 11.5 {\mu}K_(CMB)*sqrt{s} in the 2012 configuration., Comment: Presented at SPIE 2012 Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation Conference. Will be published in the proceedings
Published: 2012
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41. Optical Characterization of the Keck Array Polarimeter at the South Pole

Author: Vieregg, A. G., Ade, P. A. R., Aikin, R., Bischoff, C., Bock, J. J., Bonetti, J. A., Bradford, K. J., Brevik, J. A., Dowell, C. D., Duband, L., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Golwala, S. R., Gordon, M. S., Halpern, M., Hilton, G., Hristov, V. V., Irwin, K., Kernasovskiy, S., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E., Lueker, M., Montroy, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Ogburn IV, R. W., Pryke, C., Ruhl, J. E., Runyan, M., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C., Staniszewski, Z., Sudiwala, R., Teply, G., Tolan, J., Turner, A. D., Wilson, P., and Wong, C. L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The Keck Array (SPUD) is a set of microwave polarimeters that observes from the South Pole at degree angular scales in search of a signature of Inflation imprinted as B-mode polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). The first three Keck Array receivers were deployed during the 2010-2011 Austral summer, followed by two new receivers in the 2011-2012 summer season, completing the full five-receiver array. All five receivers are currently observing at 150 GHz. The Keck Array employs the field-proven BICEP/BICEP2 strategy of using small, cold, on-axis refractive optics, providing excellent control of systematics while maintaining a large field of view. This design allows for full characterization of far-field optical performance using microwave sources on the ground. We describe our efforts to characterize the main beam shape and beam shape mismatch between co-located orthogonally-polarized detector pairs, and discuss the implications of measured differential beam parameters on temperature to polarization leakage in CMB analysis., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, Proceedings of the SPIE, Vol 8452: Millimeter, Submillimeter and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI, July 2012
Published: 2012
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42. BICEP2 and Keck Array operational overview and status of observations

Author: Ogburn IV, R. W., Ade, P. A. R., Aikin, R. W., Amiri, M., Benton, S. J., Bischoff, C. A., Bock, J. J., Bonetti, J. A., Brevik, J. A., Bullock, E., Burger, B., Davis, G., Dowell, C. D., Duband, L., Filippini, J. P., Fliescher, S., Golwala, S. R., Gordon, M., Halpern, M., Hasselfield, M., Hilton, G., Hristov, V. V., Hui, H., Irwin, K., Kaufman, J. P., Keating, B. G., Kernasovskiy, S. A., Kovac, J. M., Kuo, C. L., Leitch, E. M., Lueker, M., Montroy, T., Netterfield, C. B., Nguyen, H. T., O'Brient, R., Orlando, A., Pryke, C. L., Reintsema, C., Richter, S., Ruhl, J. E., Runyan, M. C., Schwarz, R., Sheehy, C. D., Staniszewski, Z. K., Sudiwala, R. V., Teply, G. P., Thompson, K., Tolan, J. E., Turner, A. D., Vieregg, A. G., Wiebe, D. V., Wilson, P., and Wong, C. L.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The BICEP2 and Keck Array experiments are designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on angular scales of 2-4 degrees (l=50-100). This is the region in which the B-mode signal, a signature prediction of cosmic inflation, is expected to peak. BICEP2 was deployed to the South Pole at the end of 2009 and is in the middle of its third year of observing with 500 polarization-sensitive detectors at 150 GHz. The Keck Array was deployed to the South Pole at the end of 2010, initially with three receivers--each similar to BICEP2. An additional two receivers have been added during the 2011-12 summer. We give an overview of the two experiments, report on substantial gains in the sensitivity of the two experiments after post-deployment optimization, and show preliminary maps of CMB polarization from BICEP2., Comment: Presented at SPIE Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy VI, July 6, 2012. To be published in Proceedings of SPIE Volume 8452
Published: 2012
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43. A search for ultra-high energy neutrinos in highly inclined events at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahlers, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Anticic, T., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badescu, A. M., Balzer, M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Beatty, J. J., Becker, B. R., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Bohácová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R. E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Diaz, J. Chirinos, Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G., Junior, W. J. M. de Mello, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K. D., del Peral, L., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diep, P. N., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Anjos, J. C. dos, Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Tapia, I. Fajardo, Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipcic, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fratu, O., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., Roca, S. T. Garcia, Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Gascon, A., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grigat, M., Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guzman, A., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A. E., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Kampert, K. H., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D. -H., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J. K., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lauer, R., Lautridou, P., Coz, S. Le, Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Agüera, A. Lopez, Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Falcon, H. R. Marquez, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Micanovic, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J. C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Newton, D., Nhung, P. T., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M., Porcelli, A., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, G., Martino, J. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Lopez, H. H. Silva, Sima, O., Smialkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Tascau, O., Ruiz, C. G. Tavera, Tcaciuc, R., Tegolo, D., Thao, N. T., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Toma, G., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Berg, A. M. van den, Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberic, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Widom, A., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhu, Y., Silva, M. Zimbres, and Ziolkowski, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to neutrinos of all flavours above 0.1 EeV. These interact through charged and neutral currents in the atmosphere giving rise to extensive air showers. When interacting deeply in the atmosphere at nearly horizontal incidence, neutrinos can be distinguished from regular hadronic cosmic rays by the broad time structure of their shower signals in the water-Cherenkov detectors. In this paper we present for the first time an analysis based on down-going neutrinos. We describe the search procedure, the possible sources of background, the method to compute the exposure and the associated systematic uncertainties. No candidate neutrinos have been found in data collected from 1 January 2004 to 31 May 2010. Assuming an E^-2 differential energy spectrum the limit on the single flavour neutrino is (E^2 * dN/dE) < 1.74x10^-7 GeV cm^-2 s^-1 sr^-1 at 90% C.L. in the energy range 1x10^17 eV < E < 1x10^20 eV., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, published 30 December 2011
Published: 2012
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44. Description of Atmospheric Conditions at the Pierre Auger Observatory using the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS)

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahlers, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badescu, A. M., Balzer, M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Beatty, J. J., Becker, B. R., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R. E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Diaz, J. Chirinos, Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G., Junior, W. J. M. de Mello, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K. D., del Peral, L., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diep, P. N., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Anjos, J. C. dos, Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Tapia, I. Fajardo, Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fratu, O., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., Roca, S. T. Garcia, Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Gascon, A., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grigat, M., Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guzman, A., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A. E., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Kampert, K. H., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D. -H., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J. K., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., LaHurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lautridou, P., Coz, S. Le, Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Agüera, A. Lopez, Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Falcon, H. R. Marquez, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J. C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nhung, P. T., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M., Porcelli, A., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, G., Martino, J. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Lopez, H. H. Silva, Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Taşcău, O., Ruiz, C. G. Tavera, Tcaciuc, R., Thao, N. T., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Berg, A. M. van den, Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Widom, A., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhu, Y., Silva, M. Zimbres, and Ziolkowski, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Atmospheric conditions at the site of a cosmic ray observatory must be known for reconstructing observed extensive air showers. The Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) is a global atmospheric model predicated on meteorological measurements and numerical weather predictions. GDAS provides altitude-dependent profiles of the main state variables of the atmosphere like temperature, pressure, and humidity. The original data and their application to the air shower reconstruction of the Pierre Auger Observatory are described. By comparisons with radiosonde and weather station measurements obtained on-site in Malarg\"ue and averaged monthly models, the utility of the GDAS data is shown.
Published: 2012
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45. The effect of the geomagnetic field on cosmic ray energy estimates and large scale anisotropy searches on data from the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Balzer, M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Beatty, J. J., Becker, B. R., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R. E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G., Junior, W. J. M. de Mello, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K. D., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J. C., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diep, P. N., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Anjos, J. C. dos, Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Tapia, I. Fajardo, Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., Gámez, D. García, Garcia-Pinto, D., Gascon, A., Gemmeke, H., Gesterling, K., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S. R., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grigat, M., Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guzman, A., Hague, J. D., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A. E., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Kampert, K. H., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D. -H., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J. K., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lautridou, P., Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Agüera, A. Lopez, Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Falcon, H. R. Marquez, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J. C., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Mueller, S., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nhung, P. T., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Parsons, R. D., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Phan, N., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., Robledo, C., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, G., Martino, J. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Lopez, H. H. Silva, Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Taşcău, O., Ruiz, C. G. Tavera, Tcaciuc, R., Tegolo, D., Thao, N. T., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tiwari, D. K., Tkaczyk, W., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Berg, A. M. van den, Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Warner, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winnick, M. G., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Silva, M. Zimbres, and Ziolkowski, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a comprehensive study of the influence of the geomagnetic field on the energy estimation of extensive air showers with a zenith angle smaller than $60^\circ$, detected at the Pierre Auger Observatory. The geomagnetic field induces an azimuthal modulation of the estimated energy of cosmic rays up to the ~2% level at large zenith angles. We present a method to account for this modulation of the reconstructed energy. We analyse the effect of the modulation on large scale anisotropy searches in the arrival direction distributions of cosmic rays. At a given energy, the geomagnetic effect is shown to induce a pseudo-dipolar pattern at the percent level in the declination distribution that needs to be accounted for., Comment: 20 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2011
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46. Trigger and Aperture of the Surface Detector Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Aguirre, C., Ahn, E. J., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Argirò, S., Arisaka, K., Arneodo, F., Arqueros, F., Asch, T., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J. J., Beau, T., Becker, B. R., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bernardini, P., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R. E., Busca, N. G., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Carvalho, W., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Chye, J., Clay, R. W., Colombo, E., Conceição, R., Connolly, B., Contreras, F., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G., Junior, W. J. M. de Mello, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K. D., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Fratte, C. Delle, Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J. C., Diep, P. N., Dobrigkeit, C., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Anjos, J. C. dos, Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., DuVernois, M. A., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferrer, F., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fleck, I., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fulgione, W., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., Gámez, D. García, Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Goggin, L. M., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Amaral, M. Gonçalves do, Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S. R., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Grigat, M., Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Gutiérrez, J., Hague, J. D., Halenka, V., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Healy, M. D., Hebbeker, T., Hebrero, G., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Hussain, M., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jiraskova, S., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K. H., Karova, T., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D. -H., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, K., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B. L., Lautridou, P., Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Leuthold, M., Lhenry-Yvon, I., López, R., Agüera, A. Lopez, Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lucero, A., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Maris, I. C., Falcon, H. R. Marquez, Martello, D., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., McEwen, M., McNeil, R. R., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Meyhandan, R., Micheletti, M. I., Miele, G., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, J. C., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Mueller, S., Muller, M. A., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Newman-Holmes, C., Newton, D., Nhung, P. T., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Pastor, S., Patel, M., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pinto, T., Pirronello, V., Pisanti, O., Platino, M., Pochon, J., Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Redondo, A., Revenu, B., Rezende, F. A. S., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Martino, J. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C. E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schroeder, F., Schulte, S., Schüssler, F., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D., Settimo, M., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B. B., Sigl, G., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Smith, B. E., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tarutina, T., Taşcău, O., Tcaciuc, R., Tcherniakhovski, D., Tegolo, D., Thao, N. T., Thomas, D., Ticona, R., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torres, I., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Berg, A. M. van den, Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Velarde, A., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A. A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Wileman, C., Winnick, M. G., Wu, H., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., and Ziolkowski, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consists of 1600 water-Cherenkov detectors, for the study of extensive air showers (EAS) generated by ultra-high-energy cosmic rays. We describe the trigger hierarchy, from the identification of candidate showers at the level of a single detector, amongst a large background (mainly random single cosmic ray muons), up to the selection of real events and the rejection of random coincidences. Such trigger makes the surface detector array fully efficient for the detection of EAS with energy above $3\times 10^{18}$ eV, for all zenith angles between 0$^\circ$ and 60$^\circ$, independently of the position of the impact point and of the mass of the primary particle. In these range of energies and angles, the exposure of the surface array can be determined purely on the basis of the geometrical acceptance., Comment: 29 pages, 12 figures
Published: 2011
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47. The Lateral Trigger Probability function for the Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Ray Showers detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Balzer, M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Beatty, J. J., Becker, B. R., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R. E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G., Junior, W. J. M. de Mello, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K. D., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J. C., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diep, P. N., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Anjos, J. C. dos, Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Tapia, I. Fajardo, Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., Gámez, D. García, Garcia-Pinto, D., Gascon, A., Gemmeke, H., Gesterling, K., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S. R., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grigat, M., Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guzman, A., Hague, J. D., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A. E., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Kampert, K. H., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D. -H., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J. K., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lautridou, P., Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Agüera, A. Lopez, Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Falcon, H. R. Marquez, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J. C., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Mueller, S., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., G. Navarra, Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nhung, P. T., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Parsons, R. D., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Phan, N., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., Robledo, C., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, G., Martino, J. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Lopez, H. H. Silva, Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Taşcău, O., Ruiz, C. G. Tavera, Tcaciuc, R., Tegolo, D., Thao, N. T., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tiwari, D. K., Tkaczyk, W., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Berg, A. M. van den, Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Warner, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winnick, M. G., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Silva, M. Zimbres, and Ziolkowski, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: In this paper we introduce the concept of Lateral Trigger Probability (LTP) function, i.e., the probability for an extensive air shower (EAS) to trigger an individual detector of a ground based array as a function of distance to the shower axis, taking into account energy, mass and direction of the primary cosmic ray. We apply this concept to the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory consisting of a 1.5 km spaced grid of about 1600 water Cherenkov stations. Using Monte Carlo simulations of ultra-high energy showers the LTP functions are derived for energies in the range between 10^{17} and 10^{19} eV and zenith angles up to 65 degs. A parametrization combining a step function with an exponential is found to reproduce them very well in the considered range of energies and zenith angles. The LTP functions can also be obtained from data using events simultaneously observed by the fluorescence and the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory (hybrid events). We validate the Monte-Carlo results showing how LTP functions from data are in good agreement with simulations., Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures. Published in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2011
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48. Search for signatures of magnetically-induced alignment in the arrival directions measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Balzer, M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Beatty, J. J., Becker, B. R., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R. E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G., Junior, W. J. M. de Mello, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K. D., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J. C., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diep, P. N., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Anjos, J. C. dos, Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Tapia, I. Fajardo, Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., Gámez, D. García, Garcia-Pinto, D., Gascon, A., Gemmeke, H., Gesterling, K., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S. R., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grigat, M., Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guzman, A., Hague, J. D., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A. E., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Kampert, K. H., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D. -H., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J. K., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lautridou, P., Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Agüera, A. Lopez, Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Falcon, H. R. Marquez, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J. C., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Mueller, S., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nhung, P. T., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Oliva, P., Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Parsons, R. D., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Phan, N., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., Robledo, C., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, G., Martino, J. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Lopez, H. H. Silva, Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Taşcău, O., Ruiz, C. G. Tavera, Tcaciuc, R., Tegolo, D., Thao, N. T., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tiwari, D. K., Tkaczyk, W., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Berg, A. M. van den, Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Warner, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winnick, M. G., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Silva, M. Zimbres, and Ziolkowski, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We present the results of an analysis of data recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory in which we search for groups of directionally-aligned events (or `multiplets') which exhibit a correlation between arrival direction and the inverse of the energy. These signatures are expected from sets of events coming from the same source after having been deflected by intervening coherent magnetic fields. The observation of several events from the same source would open the possibility to accurately reconstruct the position of the source and also measure the integral of the component of the magnetic field orthogonal to the trajectory of the cosmic rays. We describe the largest multiplets found and compute the probability that they appeared by chance from an isotropic distribution. We find no statistically significant evidence for the presence of multiplets arising from magnetic deflections in the present data., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2011
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. The Pierre Auger Observatory I: The Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum and Related Measurements

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Balzer, M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Beatty, J. J., Becker, B. R., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R. E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G., Junior, W. J. M. de Mello, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K. D., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J. C., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diep, P. N., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Anjos, J. C. dos, Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Tapia, I. Fajardo, Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., Gámez, D. García, Garcia-Pinto, D., Gascon, A., Gemmeke, H., Gesterling, K., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S. R., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grigat, M., Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guzman, A., Hague, J. D., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A. E., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Kampert, K. -H., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D. -H., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J. K., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lautridou, P., Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Agüera, A. Lopez, Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Falcon, H. R. Marquez, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J. C., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Mueller, S., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nhung, P. T., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Parsons, R. D., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Phan, N., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., Robledo, C., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, G., Martino, J. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Lopez, H. H. Silva, kowski, A. Śmiał, Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Taşcău, O., Ruiz, C. G. Tavera, Tcaciuc, R., Tegolo, D., Thao, N. T., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Tiwari, C. Timmermans D. K., Tkaczyk, W., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Berg, A. M. van den, Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Warner, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winders, L., Winnick, M. G., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtnik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zimbres-Silva, M., and Ziolkowski, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Studies of the cosmic ray energy spectrum at the highest energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory, Comment: Contributions to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, China, August 2011
Published: 2011

50. The Pierre Auger Observatory III: Other Astrophysical Observations

Author: The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Balzer, M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Beatty, J. J., Becker, B. R., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., BenZvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R. E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G., Junior, W. J. M. de Mello, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K. D., Decerprit, G., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J. C., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diep, P. N., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Anjos, J. C. dos, Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Tapia, I. Fajardo, Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., Gámez, D. García, Garcia-Pinto, D., Gascon, A., Gemmeke, H., Gesterling, K., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S. R., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grigat, M., Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guzman, A., Hague, J. D., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A. E., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Kampert, K. -H., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D. -H., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J. K., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lautridou, P., Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Agüera, A. Lopez, Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Falcon, H. R. Marquez, Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J. C., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Mueller, S., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nhung, P. T., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Parsons, R. D., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Phan, N., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., Robledo, C., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez, G., Martino, J. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Lopez, H. H. Silva, kowski, A. Śmiał, Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Taşcău, O., Ruiz, C. G. Tavera, Tcaciuc, R., Tegolo, D., Thao, N. T., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Tiwari, C. Timmermans D. K., Tkaczyk, W., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Berg, A. M. van den, Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Warner, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winders, L., Winnick, M. G., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtnik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zimbres-Silva, M., and Ziolkowski, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Astrophysical observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with the Pierre Auger Observatory, Comment: Contributions to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, China, August 2011
Published: 2011

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212 results on '"Fliescher, S."'

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