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3. The ABC130 barrel module prototyping programme for the ATLAS strip tracker

Author

Poley, Luise, Sawyer, Craig, Addepalli, Sagar, Affolder, Anthony, Allongue, Bruno, Allport, Phil, Anderssen, Eric, Anghinolfi, Francis, Arguin, Jean-François, Arling, Jan-Hendrik, Arnaez, Olivier, Asbah, Nedaa Alexandra, Ashby, Joe, Asimakopoulou, Eleni Myrto, Atlay, Naim Bora, Bartsch, Ludwig, Basso, Matthew J., Beacham, James, Beaupré, Scott L., Beck, Graham, Beichert, Carl, Bergsten, Laura, Bernabeu, Jose, Bhattarai, Prajita, Bloch, Ingo, Blue, Andrew, Bochenek, Michal, Botte, James, Boynton, Liam, Brenner, Richard, Brueers, Ben, Buchanan, Emma, Bullard, Brendon, Capocasa, Francesca, Carr, Isabel, Carra, Sonia, Chao, Chen Wen, Chen, Jiayi, Chen, Liejian, Chen, Yebo, Chen, Xin, Cindro, Vladimir, Ciocio, Alessandra, Civera, Jose V., Cormier, Kyle, Cornell, Ella, Crick, Ben, Dabrowski, Wladyslaw, Dam, Mogens, David, Claire, Demontigny, Gabriel, Dette, Karola, DeWitt, Joel, Diez, Sergio, Doherty, Fred, Dopke, Jens, Dressnandt, Nandor, Edwards, Sam, Fadeyev, Vitaliy, Farrington, Sinead, Fawcett, William, Fernandez-Tejero, Javier, Filmer, Emily, Fleta, Celeste, Gallop, Bruce, Galloway, Zachary, Argos, Carlos Garcia, Garg, Diksha, Gignac, Matthew, Gillberg, Dag, Giovinazzo, Dena, Glover, James, Goettlicher, Peter, Gonella, Laura, Gorišek, Andrej, Grant, Charles, Grant, Fiona, Gray, Calum, Greenall, Ashley, Gregor, Ingrid-Maria, Greig, Graham, Grillo, Alexander A., Gu, Shan, Guescini, Francesco, da Costa, Joao Barreiro Guimaraes, Gunnell, Jane, Gupta, Ruchi, Haber, Carl, Halgeri, Amogh, Hamersly, Derek, Haugen, Tom-Erik, Hauser, Marc, Heim, Sarah, Heim, Timon, Helling, Cole, Herde, Hannah, Hessey, Nigel P., Hommels, Bart, Hönig, Jan Cedric, Hunter, Amelia, Jackson, Paul, Jewkes, Keith, John, Jaya John, Johnson, Thomas Allan, Jones, Tim, Kachiguin, Serguei, Kang, Nathan, Kaplon, Jan, Kareem, Mohammad, Keener, Paul, Keller, John, Key-Charriere, Michelle, Kilani, Samer, Kisliuk, Dylan, Klein, Christoph Thomas, Koffas, Thomas, Kramberger, Gregor, Krizka, Karol, Kroll, Jiri, Kuehn, Susanne, Kurth, Matthew, Labitan, Charilou, Lacasta, Carlos, Lacker, Heiko, Leitao, Pedro Vicente, León, Pablo, Li, Boyang, Li, Chenyang, Li, Yiming, Li, Zhiying, Liang, Zhijun, Liberatore, Marianna, Lister, Alison, Liu, Kai, Liu, Peilian, Lohse, Thomas, Lönker, Jonas, Lou, Xinchou, Lu, Weiguo, Luce, Zachary, Lynn, David, MacFadyen, Ross, Mägdefessel, Sven, Mahboubi, Kambiz, Malik, Usha, Mandić, Igor, La Marra, Daniel, Martin, Jean-Pierre, Martinez-Mckinney, Forest, Mikestikova, Marcela, Mikuž, Marko, Mitra, Ankush, Mladina, Evan, Montalbano, Alyssa, Monzat, David, Morii, Masahiro, Mullier, Geoffrey, Neundorf, Jonas, Newcomer, Mitch, Ng, Yanwing, Nikolica, Adrian, Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos, Oechsle, Jan, Oliver, Jason, Orr, Robert S., Ottino, Gregory, Paillard, Christian, Pani, Priscilla, Paowell, Sam, Parzefall, Ulrich, Phillips, Peter W., Platero, Adrián, Platero, Vicente, Prahl, Volker, Pyatt, Simon, Ran, Kunlin, Reardon, Nikita, Rehnisch, Laura, Renardi, Alessia, Renzmann, Martin, Rifki, Othmane, Rodriguez, Arturo Rodriguez, Rosin, Guy, Rossi, Edoardo, Ruggeri, Tristan, Rühr, Frederik, Rymaszewski, Piotr, Sadrozinski, Hartmut F. -W., Sanethavong, Phathakone, Santpur, Sai Neha, Scharf, Christian, Schillaci, Zach, Schmitt, Stefan, Sharma, Abhishek, Sciolla, Gabriella, Seiden, Abraham, Shi, Xin, Simpson-Allsop, Cameron, Snoek, Hella, Snow, Steve, Solaz, Carles, Soldevila, Urmila, Sousa, Filipe, Sperlich, Dennis, Staats, Ezekiel, Stack, Tynan Louis, Stanitzki, Marcel, Starinsky, Nikolai, Steentoft, Jonas, Stegler, Martin, Stelzer, Bernd, Stucci, Stefania, Swientek, Krzysztof, Taylor, Geoffrey N., Taylor, Wendy, Teoh, Jia Jian, Teuscher, Richard, Thomas, Jürgen, Tigchelaar, Allen, Tran, Tony, Tricoli, Alessandro, Trischuk, Dominique Anderson, Unno, Yoshinobu, van Nieuwenhuizen, Gerrit, Ullán, Miguel, Vermeulen, Jos, Vickey, Trevor, Vidal, Guillem, Vreeswijk, Marcel, Warren, Matt, Weidberg, Tony, Wiehe, Moritz, Wiglesworth, Craig, Wiik-Fuchs, Liv, Williams, Scott, Wilson, John, Witharm, Rhonda, Wizemann, Felix, Wonsak, Sven, Worm, Steve, Wormald, Mike, Xella, Stefania, Yang, Yuzhen, Yarwick, Joseph, Yu, Tang-Fai, Zhang, Dengfeng, Zhang, Kaili, Zhou, Maosen, and Zhu, Hongbo

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

For the Phase-II Upgrade of the ATLAS Detector, its Inner Detector, consisting of silicon pixel, silicon strip and transition radiation sub-detectors, will be replaced with an all new 100 % silicon tracker, composed of a pixel tracker at inner radii and a strip tracker at outer radii. The future ATLAS strip tracker will include 11,000 silicon sensor modules in the central region (barrel) and 7,000 modules in the forward region (end-caps), which are foreseen to be constructed over a period of 3.5 years. The construction of each module consists of a series of assembly and quality control steps, which were engineered to be identical for all production sites. In order to develop the tooling and procedures for assembly and testing of these modules, two series of major prototyping programs were conducted: an early program using readout chips designed using a 250 nm fabrication process (ABCN-25) and a subsequent program using a follow-up chip set made using 130 nm processing (ABC130 and HCC130 chips). This second generation of readout chips was used for an extensive prototyping program that produced around 100 barrel-type modules and contributed significantly to the development of the final module layout. This paper gives an overview of the components used in ABC130 barrel modules, their assembly procedure and findings resulting from their tests., Comment: 82 pages, 66 figures

Published
2020
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4. Mapping the depleted area of silicon diodes using a micro-focused X-ray beam

Author

Poley, Luise, Blue, Andrew, Bloch, Ingo, Buttar, Craig, Fadeyev, Vitaliy, Fernandez-Tejero, Javier, Fleta, Celeste, Hacker, Johannes, Llacer, Carlos Lacasta, Miñano, Mercedes, Renzmann, Martin, Rossi, Edoardo, Sawyer, Craig, Sperlich, Dennis, Stegler, Martin, Ullán, Miguel, and Unno, Yoshinobu

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

For the Phase-II Upgrade of the ATLAS detector at CERN, the current ATLAS Inner Detector will be replaced with the ATLAS Inner Tracker. The ATLAS Inner Tracker will be an all-silicon detector, consisting of a pixel tracker and a strip tracker. Sensors for the ITk strip tracker are required to have a low leakage current up to bias voltages of -700 V to maintain a low noise and power dissipation. In order to minimise sensor leakage currents, particularly in the high-radiation environment inside the ATLAS detector, sensors are foreseen to be operated at low temperatures and to be manufactured from wafers with a high bulk resistivity of several k{\Omega} cm. Simulations showed the electric field inside sensors with high bulk resistivity to extend towards the sensor edge, which could lead to increased surface currents for narrow dicing edges. In order to map the electric field inside biased silicon sensors with high bulk resistivity, three diodes from ATLAS silicon strip sensor prototype wafers were studied with a monochromatic, micro-focused X-ray beam at the Diamond Light Source. For all devices under investigation, the electric field inside the diode was mapped and its dependence on the applied bias voltage was studied. The findings showed that the electric field in each diode under investigation extended beyond its bias ring and reached the dicing edge.

Published
2018
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7. Characterisation of silicon microstrip detectors for the ATLAS Phase-II Upgrade with a micro-focused X-ray beam

Author

Poley, Luise, Blue, Andrew, Bates, Richard, Bloch, Ingo, Diez, Sergio, Fernandez-Tejero, Javier, Fleta, Celeste, Gallop, Bruce, Greenall, Ashley, Gregor, Ingrid-Maria, Hara, Kazuhiko, Ikegami, Yoichi, Lacasta, Carlos, Lohwasser, Kristin, Maneuski, Dzmitry, Nagorski, Sebastian, Pape, Ian, Phillips, Peter W., Sperlich, Dennis, Sawhney, Kawal, Soldevila, Urmila, Ullan, Miguel, Unno, Yoshinobu, and Warren, Matt

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The planned HL-LHC (High Luminosity LHC) in 2025 is being designed to maximise the physics potential through a sizable increase in the luminosity up to 6*10^34 cm^-2 s^-1. A consequence of this increased luminosity is the expected radiation damage at 3000 fb^-1 after ten years of operation, requiring the tracking detectors to withstand fluences to over 1*10^16 1 MeV n_eq/cm^2 . In order to cope with the consequent increased readout rates, a complete re-design of the current ATLAS Inner Detector (ID) is being developed as the Inner Tracker (ITk). Two proposed detectors for the ATLAS strip tracker region of the ITk were characterized at the Diamond Light Source with a 3 um FWHM 15 keV micro focused X-ray beam. The devices under test were a 320 Um thick silicon stereo (Barrel) ATLAS12 strip mini sensor wire bonded to a 130 nm CMOS binary readout chip (ABC130) and a 320 Um thick full size radial (end-cap) strip sensor - utilizing bi-metal readout layers - wire bonded to 250 nm CMOS binary readout chips (ABCN-25). A resolution better than the inter strip pitch of the 74.5 um strips was achieved for both detectors. The effect of the p-stop diffusion layers between strips was investigated in detail for the wire bond pad regions. Inter strip charge collection measurements indicate that the effective width of the strip on the silicon sensors is determined by p-stop regions between the strips rather than the strip pitch., Comment: 12 pages, to be published to Journal of Instrumentation

Published
2016
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8. The European Joint Research Project UHDpulse – Metrology for advanced radiotherapy using particle beams with ultra-high pulse dose rates

Author

Schüller, Andreas, Heinrich, Sophie, Fouillade, Charles, Subiel, Anna, De Marzi, Ludovic, Romano, Francesco, Peier, Peter, Trachsel, Maria, Fleta, Celeste, Kranzer, Rafael, Caresana, Marco, Salvador, Samuel, Busold, Simon, Schönfeld, Andreas, McEwen, Malcolm, Gomez, Faustino, Solc, Jaroslav, Bailat, Claude, Linhart, Vladimir, Jakubek, Jan, Pawelke, Jörg, Borghesi, Marco, Kapsch, Ralf-Peter, Knyziak, Adrian, Boso, Alberto, Olsovcova, Veronika, Kottler, Christian, Poppinga, Daniela, Ambrozova, Iva, Schmitzer, Claus-Stefan, Rossomme, Severine, and Vozenin, Marie-Catherine

Published
2020
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9. Charged Particle Tracking with the Timepix ASIC

Author

Akiba, Kazuyoshi, Artuso, Marina, Badman, Ryan, Borgia, Alessandra, Bates, Richard, Bayer, Florian, van Beuzekom, Martin, Buytaert, Jan, Cabruja, Enric, Campbell, Michael, Collins, Paula, Crossley, Michael, Dumps, Raphael, Eklund, Lars, Esperante, Daniel, Fleta, Celeste, Gallas, Abraham, Gandelman, Miriam, Garofoli, Justin, Gersabeck, Marco, Gligorov, Vladimir V., Gordon, Hamish, Heijne, Erik H. M., Heijne, Veerle, Hynds, Daniel, John, Malcolm, Leflat, Alexander, Llin, Lourdes Ferre, Llopart, Xavi, Lozano, Manuel, Maneuski, Dima, Michel, Thilo, Nicol, Michelle, Needham, Matt, Parkes, Chris, Pellegrini, Giulio, Plackett, Richard, Poikela, Tuomas, Rodrigues, Eduardo, Stewart, Graeme, Wang, Jianchun, and Xing, Zhou

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A prototype particle tracking telescope has been constructed using Timepix and Medipix ASIC hybrid pixel assemblies as the six sensing planes. Each telescope plane consisted of one 1.4 cm2 assembly, providing a 256x256 array of 55 micron square pixels. The telescope achieved a pointing resolution of 2.3 micron at the position of the device under test. During a beam test in 2009 the telescope was used to evaluate in detail the performance of two Timepix hybrid pixel assemblies; a standard planar 300 micron thick sensor, and 285 micron thick double sided 3D sensor. This paper describes a detailed charge calibration study of the pixel devices, which allows the true charge to be extracted, and reports on measurements of the charge collection characteristics and Landau distributions. The planar sensor achieved a best resolution of 4.0 micron for angled tracks, and resolutions of between 4.4 and 11 micron for perpendicular tracks, depending on the applied bias voltage. The double sided 3D sensor, which has significantly less charge sharing, was found to have an optimal resolution of 9.0 micron for angled tracks, and a resolution of 16.0 micron for perpendicular tracks. Based on these studies it is concluded that the Timepix ASIC shows an excellent performance when used as a device for charged particle tracking., Comment: 51 pages, 39 figures. Submitted to Nucl. Phys. Meth. A. ; Contact authors: P. Collins and V. V. Gligorov

Published
2011
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10. RBE study using solid state microdosimetry in heavy ion therapy

Author

Bolst, David, Tran, Linh T., Chartier, Lachlan, Prokopovich, Dale A., Pogossov, Alex, Guatelli, Susanna, Reinhard, Mark I., Petasecca, Marco, Lerch, Michael L.F., Matsufuji, Naruhiro, Perevertaylo, Vladimir L., Fleta, Celeste, Pellegrini, Giulio, Jackson, Michael, and Rosenfeld, Anatoly B.

Published
2017
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11. First experimental measurements of 2D microdosimetry maps in proton therapy

Author

European Commission, Guardiola, Consuelo, Bachiller-Perea, Diana, Kole, Emmanuel M Mate, Fleta, Celeste, Quirion, David, De Marzi, Ludovic, Gómez, Faustino, European Commission, Guardiola, Consuelo, Bachiller-Perea, Diana, Kole, Emmanuel M Mate, Fleta, Celeste, Quirion, David, De Marzi, Ludovic, and Gómez, Faustino

Abstract

Empirical data in proton therapy indicate that relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is not constant, and it is directly related to the linear energy transfer (LET). The experimental assessment of LET with high resolution would be a powerful tool for minimizing the LET hot spots in intensity-modulated proton therapy, RBE- or LET-guided evaluation and optimization to achieve biologically optimized proton plans, verifying the theoretical predictions of variable proton RBE models, and so on. This could impact clinical outcomes by reducing toxicities in organs at risk.

Published
2023

12. Analysis of humidity sensitivity of silicon strip sensors for ATLAS upgrade tracker, pre- and post-irradiation

Author

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Fernández-Tejero, Javier, et al., Fleta, Celeste, Ullan, Miguel, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Fernández-Tejero, Javier, et al., Fleta, Celeste, and Ullan, Miguel

Abstract

During the prototyping phase of the new ATLAS Inner-Tracker (ITk) strip sensors, a degradation of the device breakdown voltage at high humidity was observed. Although the degradation was temporary, showing a fast recovery in dry conditions, the study of the influence of humidity on the sensor performance was critical to establish counter-measures and handling protocols during production testing in order to ensure the proper performance of the upgraded detector. The work presented here has the objective to study for the first time the breakdown voltage deterioration in presence of ambient humidity of ATLAS ITk production-layout strip sensors with different surface properties, before and after proton, neutron and gamma irradiations. A study of the humidity sensitivity of miniature ATLAS ITk strip sensors, before and after proton irradiations, is also presented to compare the sensitivity of devices with different sizes. The sensors were also exposed for several days to high humidity with the aim to recreate and evaluate the influence of the detector integration environment expected during the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Long Shutdown 3 (LS3) in 2026, where the sensors will be exposed to ambient humidity for prolonged times.

Published
2023

16. First experimental measurements of 2D microdosimetry maps in proton therapy.

Author

Guardiola, Consuelo, Bachiller‐Perea, Diana, Kole, Emmanuel M. Mate, Fleta, Celeste, Quirion, David, De Marzi, Ludovic, and Gómez, Faustino

Subjects
PROTON beams, LINEAR energy transfer, PROTON therapy, MICRODOSIMETRY, MONTE Carlo method, PROTON scattering, ANATOMICAL planes
Abstract

Background: Empirical data in proton therapy indicate that relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is not constant, and it is directly related to the linear energy transfer (LET). The experimental assessment of LET with high resolution would be a powerful tool for minimizing the LET hot spots in intensity‐modulated proton therapy, RBE‐ or LET‐guided evaluation and optimization to achieve biologically optimized proton plans, verifying the theoretical predictions of variable proton RBE models, and so on. This could impact clinical outcomes by reducing toxicities in organs at risk. Purpose: The present work shows the first 2D LET maps obtained at a proton therapy facility using the double scattering delivery mode in clinical conditions by means of new silicon 3D‐cylindrical microdetectors. Methods: The device consists of a matrix of 121 independent silicon‐based detectors that have 3D‐cylindrical electrodes of 25‐µm diameter and 20‐µm depth, resulting each one of them in a well‐defined micrometric radiation sensitive volume etched inside the silicon. They have been specifically designed for a hadron therapy, improving the performance of current silicon‐based microdosimeters. Microdosimetry spectra were obtained at different positions of the Bragg curve by using a water‐equivalent phantom along an 89‐MeV pristine proton beam generated in the Y1 proton passive scattering beamline of the Orsay Proton Therapy Centre (Institut Curie, France). Results: Microdosimetry 2D‐maps showing the variation of the lineal energy with depth in the three dimensions were obtained in situ during irradiation at clinical fluence rates (∼108 s−1 cm−2) for the first time with a spatial resolution of 200 µm, the highest achieved in the transverse plane so far. The experimental results were cross‐checked with Monte Carlo simulations and a good agreement between the spectra shapes was found. The experimental frequency‐mean lineal energy values in silicon were 1.858 ± 0.019 keV µm−1 at the entrance, 2.61 ± 0.03 keV µm−1 at the proximal distance, 4.97 ± 0.05 keV µm−1 close to the Bragg peak, and 8.6 ± 0.1 keV µm−1 at the distal edge. They are in good agreement with the expected trends in the literature in clinical proton beams. Conclusions: We present the first 2D microdosimetry maps obtained in situ during irradiation at clinical fluence rates in proton therapy. Our results show that the arrays of 3D‐cylindrical microdetectors are a reliable microdosimeter to evaluate LET maps not only in the longitudinal axis of the beam, but also in the transverse plane allowing for LET characterization in three dimensions. This work is a proof of principle showing the capacity of our system to deliver LET 2D maps. This kind of experimental data is needed to validate variable proton RBE models and to optimize LET‐guided plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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17. Efficiency measurements for 3D silicon strip detectors

Author

Parzefall, Ulrich, Dalla Betta, Gian-Franco, Boscardin, Maurizio, Eckert, Simon, Eklund, Lars, Fleta, Celeste, Jakobs, Karl, Köhler, Michael, Kühn, Susanne, Pahn, Gregor, Parkes, Chris, Pennicard, David, Ronchin, Sabina, Zoboli, Andrea, and Zorzi, Nicola

Published
2010
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19. 3D silicon strip detectors

Author

Parzefall, Ulrich, Bates, Richard, Boscardin, Maurizio, Dalla Betta, Gian-Franco, Eckert, Simon, Eklund, Lars, Fleta, Celeste, Jakobs, Karl, Kühn, Susanne, Lozano, Manuel, Pahn, Gregor, Parkes, Chris, Pellegrini, Giulio, Pennicard, David, Piemonte, Claudio, Ronchin, Sabina, Szumlak, Tomasz, Zoboli, Andrea, and Zorzi, Nicola

Published
2009
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20. Characterization of the Charge Collection Efficiency in Silicon 3-D-Detectors for Microdosimetry

Author

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Física de Partículas, Bachiller Perea, Diana, García López, Javier, Jiménez-Ramos, María del Carmen, Gómez Rodríguez, Faustino, Fleta, Celeste, Quirion, David, García Osuna, Adrián, Guardiola, Consuelo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Física de Partículas, Bachiller Perea, Diana, García López, Javier, Jiménez-Ramos, María del Carmen, Gómez Rodríguez, Faustino, Fleta, Celeste, Quirion, David, García Osuna, Adrián, and Guardiola, Consuelo

Abstract

New silicon 3-D-microdetectors have been developed to perform microdosimetry measurements for applications in hadron therapy. In this work, the charge collection efficiency (CCE) of an improved second generation of microdetectors having two different thicknesses (10 and 20 \mu \text{m} ) and a diameter of 25 \mu \text{m} has been studied by means of the ion beam induced charge (IBIC) technique. New methods to study the active volume and the CCE of microdosimeters are proposed and verified here. The results show that, for this new generation of microdetectors, the CCE is 100% for radial distances up to 10.2 \mu \text{m} from the center of the device, and it rapidly decays between 10.2 \mu \text{m} and the detector edge. The characterization of the CCE conducted here will allow us to completely explain the energy spectra obtained during the microdosimetry studies performed in clinical centers.

Published
2021

21. Characterization of the Charge Collection Efficiency in Silicon 3-D-Detectors for Microdosimetry

Author

Bachiller-Perea, Diana, García López, J., Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., Gómez, Faustino, Fleta, Celeste, Quirion, David, García-Osuna, Adrián, Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Bachiller-Perea, Diana, García López, J., Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., Gómez, Faustino, Fleta, Celeste, Quirion, David, García-Osuna, Adrián, and Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo

Abstract

New silicon 3-D-microdetectors have been developed to perform microdosimetry measurements for applications in hadron therapy. In this work, the charge collection efficiency (CCE) of an improved second generation of microdetectors having two different thicknesses (10 and 20 \mu \text{m} ) and a diameter of 25 \mu \text{m} has been studied by means of the ion beam induced charge (IBIC) technique. New methods to study the active volume and the CCE of microdosimeters are proposed and verified here. The results show that, for this new generation of microdetectors, the CCE is 100% for radial distances up to 10.2 \mu \text{m} from the center of the device, and it rapidly decays between 10.2 \mu \text{m} and the detector edge. The characterization of the CCE conducted here will allow us to completely explain the energy spectra obtained during the microdosimetry studies performed in clinical centers.

Published
2021

23. Synchroton testsof a 3D Medipix2 X-ray detector

Author

Pennicard, David, Marchar, Julien, Fleta, Celeste, Pellegrini, Giulio, Lozano, Manuel, Parkes, Chris, Tartoni, Nicola, barnett, Damien, Dolbnya, Igor, Sawhney, Kawal, Bates, Richard, O'Shea, Val, and Wright, Victoria

Subjects
Photodetectors -- Testing, X-rays -- Identification and classification, Performance-based assessment -- Methods, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Published
2010

24. First beam test characterization of a 3D-stc silicon short strip detector

Author

Pahn, Gregor, Bates, Richard, Boscardin, Maurizio, Dalla Betta, Gian-Franco, Eckert, Simon, Eklund, Lars, Fleta, Celeste, Jakobs, Karl, Koehler, Michael, Kuehn, Susanne, Parkes, Chris, Parzefall, Ulrich, Pennicard, David, Szumlak, Thomasz, Soboli, Andrea, and Zorzi, Nicola

Subjects
Silicon diodes -- Research, Radiation chemistry -- Research, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Published
2009

25. Impact of charge collection efficiency and electronic noise on the performance of solid-state 3D microdetectors

Author

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Física de Partículas, Prieto Pena, Juan, Gómez Rodríguez, Faustino, Jiménez-Ramos, María del Carmen, García López, Javier, Baratto-Roldan, Anna, Baselga, M., Pardo Montero, Juan, Fleta, Celeste, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Física de Partículas, Prieto Pena, Juan, Gómez Rodríguez, Faustino, Jiménez-Ramos, María del Carmen, García López, Javier, Baratto-Roldan, Anna, Baselga, M., Pardo Montero, Juan, and Fleta, Celeste

Abstract

Microdosimetry has been traditionally performed through gaseous proportional counters, although in recent years different solid-state microdosimeters have been proposed and constructed for this task. In this paper, we analyze the response of solid-state devices of micrometric size with no intrinsic gain developed by CNM-CSIC (Spain). There are two major aspects of the operation of these devices that affect the reconstruction of the probability distributions and momenta of stochastic quantities related to microdosimetry. For micrometric volumes, the drift and diffusion of the charge carriers gives rise to a partial charge collection efficiency in the peripheral region of the depleted volume. This effect produces a perturbation of the reconstructed pulse height (i.e. imparted energy) distributions with respect to the actual microdosimetric distributions. The relevance of this deviation depends on the size, geometry and operating conditions of the device. On the other hand, the electronic noise from the single-event readout set-up poses a limit on the minimum detectable lineal energy when the microdosimeter size is reduced. This article addresses these issues to provide a framework on the physical constraints for the design and operation of solid-state microdosimeters.

Published
2020

26. Silicon 3D Microdetectors for Microdosimetry in Hadron Therapy

Author

Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Física de Partículas, Guardiola, Consuelo, Fleta, Celeste, Quirion, David, Pellegrini, Giulio, Gómez Rodríguez, Faustino, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Departamento de Física de Partículas, Guardiola, Consuelo, Fleta, Celeste, Quirion, David, Pellegrini, Giulio, and Gómez Rodríguez, Faustino

Abstract

The present overview describes the evolution of new microdosimeters developed in the National Microelectronics Center in Spain (IMB-CNM, CSIC), ranging from the first ultra-thin 3D diodes (U3DTHINs) to the advanced 3D-cylindrical microdetectors, which have been developed over the last 10 years. In this work, we summarize the design, main manufacture processes, and electrical characterization of these devices. These sensors were specifically customized for use in particle therapy and overcame some of the technological challenges in this domain, namely the low noise capability, well-defined sensitive volume, high spatial resolution, and pile-up robustness. Likewise, both architectures reduce the loss of charge carriers due to trapping effects, the charge collection time, and the voltage required for full depletion compared to planar silicon detectors. In particular, a 3D‒cylindrical architecture with electrodes inserted into the silicon bulk and with a very well‒delimited sensitive volume (SV) mimicked a cell array with shapes and sizes similar to those of mammalian cells for the first time. Experimental tests of the carbon beamlines at the Grand Accélérateur National d’Lourds (GANIL, France) and Centro Nazionale Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO, Italy) showed the feasibility of the U3DTHINs in hadron therapy beams and the good performance of the 3D‒cylindrical microdetectors for assessing linear energy distributions of clinical beams, with clinical fluence rates of 5 × 107 s−1cm−2 without saturation. The dose-averaged lineal energies showed a generally good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicated that these devices can be used to characterize the microdosimetric properties in hadron therapy, even though the charge collection efficiency (CCE) and electronic noise may pose limitations on their performance, which is studied and discussed herein. In the last 3D‒cylindrical microdetector generation, we considerably improved the CCE due to the microfabric

Published
2020

27. Impact of charge collection efficiency and electronic noise on the performance of solid-state 3D microdetectors

Author

European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Prieto-Pena, Juan, Gómez, Faustino, Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., García López, J., Baratto-Roldan, Anna, Baselga, M., Pardo-Montero, J., Fleta, Celeste, European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Prieto-Pena, Juan, Gómez, Faustino, Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., García López, J., Baratto-Roldan, Anna, Baselga, M., Pardo-Montero, J., and Fleta, Celeste

Abstract

Microdosimetry has been traditionally performed through gaseous proportional counters, although in recent years different solid-state microdosimeters have been proposed and constructed for this task. In this paper, we analyze the response of solid-state devices of micrometric size with no intrinsic gain developed by CNM-CSIC (Spain). There are two major aspects of the operation of these devices that affect the reconstruction of the probability distributions and momenta of stochastic quantities related to microdosimetry. For micrometric volumes, the drift and diffusion of the charge carriers gives rise to a partial charge collection efficiency in the peripheral region of the depleted volume. This effect produces a perturbation of the reconstructed pulse height (i.e. imparted energy) distributions with respect to the actual microdosimetric distributions. The relevance of this deviation depends on the size, geometry and operating conditions of the device. On the other hand, the electronic noise from the single-event readout set-up poses a limit on the minimum detectable lineal energy when the microdosimeter size is reduced. This article addresses these issues to provide a framework on the physical constraints for the design and operation of solid-state microdosimeters.

Published
2020

28. Silicon 3D Microdetectors for Microdosimetry in Hadron Therapy

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Fleta, Celeste, Quirion, David, Pellegrini, Giulio, Gómez Rodríguez, Faustino, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Commission, Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Fleta, Celeste, Quirion, David, Pellegrini, Giulio, and Gómez Rodríguez, Faustino

Abstract

The present overview describes the evolution of new microdosimeters developed in the National Microelectronics Center in Spain (IMB-CNM, CSIC), ranging from the first ultra-thin 3D diodes (U3DTHINs) to the advanced 3D-cylindrical microdetectors, which have been developed over the last 10 years. In this work, we summarize the design, main manufacture processes, and electrical characterization of these devices. These sensors were specifically customized for use in particle therapy and overcame some of the technological challenges in this domain, namely the low noise capability, well-defined sensitive volume, high spatial resolution, and pile-up robustness. Likewise, both architectures reduce the loss of charge carriers due to trapping effects, the charge collection time, and the voltage required for full depletion compared to planar silicon detectors. In particular, a 3D‒cylindrical architecture with electrodes inserted into the silicon bulk and with a very well‒delimited sensitive volume (SV) mimicked a cell array with shapes and sizes similar to those of mammalian cells for the first time. Experimental tests of the carbon beamlines at the Grand Accélérateur National d’Lourds (GANIL, France) and Centro Nazionale Adroterapia Oncologica (CNAO, Italy) showed the feasibility of the U3DTHINs in hadron therapy beams and the good performance of the 3D‒cylindrical microdetectors for assessing linear energy distributions of clinical beams, with clinical fluence rates of 5 × 107 s−1cm−2 without saturation. The dose-averaged lineal energies showed a generally good agreement with Monte Carlo simulations. The results indicated that these devices can be used to characterize the microdosimetric properties in hadron therapy, even though the charge collection efficiency (CCE) and electronic noise may pose limitations on their performance, which is studied and discussed herein. In the last 3D‒cylindrical microdetector generation, we considerably improv

Published
2020

31. High-pitch metal-on-glass technology for pad pitch adaptation between detectors and readout electronics

Author

Ullan, Miguel, Lozano, Manuel, Campabadal, Francesca, Fleta, Celeste, Garcia, Carmen, Gonzalez, Francisco, and Bernabeu, Jose

Subjects
Nuclear physics -- Research, Detectors, Electronics industry, Electronics industry, Business, Electronics, Electronics and electrical industries
Abstract

Modern high-energy physics and astrophysics strip detectors have increased channel density to levels at which their connection with readout electronics has become very complex due to high pad pitch. Also, direct wire bonding is prevented by the fact that typically detector's pad pitch and electronics' pad pitch do not match. A high-pitch metal-on-glass technology is presented, that allows pad pitch adaptation between detectors and readout electronics. It consists of high-density metal lines on top of an insulating glass substrate. A photoresist layer is deposited covering the metal tracks for passivation and protection The technology is tested for conductivity, bondability, bonding pull force, peel off, and radiation hardness, and it is an established technology in the clean room of the CNM Institute in Barcelona. This technology has been chosen by the ATLAS Collaboration for the pad pitch adapters (PPA) of the SCT Endcap Modules, by a Compton camera project, and by other HEP groups for interconnection between detectors and readout electronics. Index Terms--Hybrid integrated circuit bonding, Hybrid integrated circuit interconnections, integrated circuit bonding, integrated circuit metallization, interconnections, microstrip, radiation detectors, thin film circuit fabrication.

Published
2004

33. Limitations of solid-state devices for microdosimetry applications

Author

Prieto-Pena, Juan, Gómez, Faustino, Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Baratto-Roldan, Anna, Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., García López, J., Fleta, Celeste, Jiménez-Ramos, M. C. [0000-0001-7109-1040], García López, J. [0000-0003-4107-4383], Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., and García López, J.

Subjects
Physics::Medical Physics
Abstract

Trabajo presentado en el 3rd International Conference on Dosimetry and its Applications, celebrado en Lisboa, del del 27 al 31 de mayo de 2019, [Introduction] Use of solid-state sensors for measuring microdosimetric quantities has been increasing recently due to advantages such as its size, portability and its lack of high voltage biasing to work properly. However, these devices do not lack drawbacks; drift and diffusion phenomena affect partial charge collection, modifying the microdosimetric spectra depending on the geometry of the site, operation conditions and readout electronic noise. [Methods] Drift and diffusion processes are very relevant when micrometric active sites are considered. A perturbation in the pulse height detected spectrum respect to the ideal imparted energy within the considered site geometry is produced. Effects in silicon micro-dosimeters built by IMB-INM (CSIC, Spain) were evaluated. To parametrize the charge collection effi ciency an IBIC test at CNA (Seville, Spain) was performed and results were compared with TCAD simulations. The device model used together with FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations has been compared with experimental micro-dosimetric spectra of a clinical 12C ion beam at Fondazione CNAO (Pavia, Italy). [Results] Smeared Monte Carlo spectra reproduce the main features of the experimental spectra taken with the silicon microdosimeters affected by partial charge collection events. The perturbation on the frequency and dose averaged lineal energy as a function of micro-dosimeter size was evaluated. Additionally, the minimum detectable lineal energy for no intrinsic gain devices was evaluated considering a general model of readout electronics as a function of the fl uence averaged mass thickness of solid-state micro-dosimeters. [Conclusions] Solid-state devices can be employed to measure microdosimetric spectra, but large collection and electronic noise pose limitations on their performance. The perturbation on the microdosimetric spectra has been evaluated in this work to set a general benchmark for the expected performance of a micro-dosimeter depending on geometry and sensitive media.

Published
2019

34. Test beam evaluation of silicon strip modules for ATLAS phase-II strip tracker upgrade

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Blue, A. J., Affolder, A. A., Ai, X., Allport, P. P., Arling, J. H., Atkin, R. J., Bruni, L. S., Carli, I., Casse, G., Chen, L., Chisholm, A., Cormier, K., Cunningham, W., Dervan, P., Díez, Sergio, Dolezal, Z., Dopke, J., Dreyer, E., Dreyling-Eschweiler, J., Escobar, Carlos, Fabiani, V., Fadeyev, V., Fernandez-Tejero, J., Fleta, Celeste, Gabrielli, Alessandro, Gallop, B., Argos, C. G., Greenall, A., Gregor, I. M., Greig, G., Guescini, F., Hara, K., Hauser, M., Huang, Y., Hunter, R. F. H., Keller, J. S., Klein, C. T., Kodys, P., Koetz, U., Koffas, T., Kotek, Z., Kroll, J., Kühn, S., Lee, S. J., Liu, Y., Lohwasser, K., Mészárosová, L., Mikestikova, M., Miñano Moya, M., Rodriguez Rodriguez, D., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Blue, A. J., Affolder, A. A., Ai, X., Allport, P. P., Arling, J. H., Atkin, R. J., Bruni, L. S., Carli, I., Casse, G., Chen, L., Chisholm, A., Cormier, K., Cunningham, W., Dervan, P., Díez, Sergio, Dolezal, Z., Dopke, J., Dreyer, E., Dreyling-Eschweiler, J., Escobar, Carlos, Fabiani, V., Fadeyev, V., Fernandez-Tejero, J., Fleta, Celeste, Gabrielli, Alessandro, Gallop, B., Argos, C. G., Greenall, A., Gregor, I. M., Greig, G., Guescini, F., Hara, K., Hauser, M., Huang, Y., Hunter, R. F. H., Keller, J. S., Klein, C. T., Kodys, P., Koetz, U., Koffas, T., Kotek, Z., Kroll, J., Kühn, S., Lee, S. J., Liu, Y., Lohwasser, K., Mészárosová, L., Mikestikova, M., Miñano Moya, M., and Rodriguez Rodriguez, D.

Abstract

The planned High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider is being designed to maximise the physics potential of the LHC with 10 years of operation at instantaneous luminosities of 7.5×10 34 cm ¿2 s ¿1 . A consequence of this increased luminosity is the expected radiation damage requiring the tracking detectors to withstand hadron fluence to over 1×10 15 1 MeV neutron equivalent per cm 2 in the ATLAS Strips system. Fast readout electronics, deploying 130 nm CMOS front-end electronics are glued on top of a silicon sensor to make a module. The radiation hard n-in-p micro-strip sensors used have been developed by the ATLAS ITk Strip Sensor collaboration and produced by Hamamatsu Photonics. A series of tests were performed at the DESY-II test beam facility to investigate the detailed performance of a strip module with both 2.5 cm and 5 cm length strips before irradiation. The DURANTA telescope was used to obtain a pointing resolution of 2 ¿m, with an additional pixel layer installed to improve timing resolution to ~25 ns. Results show that prior to irradiation a wide range of thresholds (0.5¿2.0 fC) meet the requirements of a noise occupancy less than 1×10 ¿3 and a hit efficiency greater than 99%. © 2018

Published
2019

35. Limitations of solid-state devices for microdosimetry applications

Author

Jiménez-Ramos, M. C. [0000-0001-7109-1040], García López, J. [0000-0003-4107-4383], Prieto-Pena, Juan, Gómez, Faustino, Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Baratto-Roldan, Anna, Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., García López, J., Fleta, Celeste, Jiménez-Ramos, M. C. [0000-0001-7109-1040], García López, J. [0000-0003-4107-4383], Prieto-Pena, Juan, Gómez, Faustino, Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Baratto-Roldan, Anna, Jiménez-Ramos, M. C., García López, J., and Fleta, Celeste

Abstract

[Introduction] Use of solid-state sensors for measuring microdosimetric quantities has been increasing recently due to advantages such as its size, portability and its lack of high voltage biasing to work properly. However, these devices do not lack drawbacks; drift and diffusion phenomena affect partial charge collection, modifying the microdosimetric spectra depending on the geometry of the site, operation conditions and readout electronic noise. [Methods] Drift and diffusion processes are very relevant when micrometric active sites are considered. A perturbation in the pulse height detected spectrum respect to the ideal imparted energy within the considered site geometry is produced. Effects in silicon micro-dosimeters built by IMB-INM (CSIC, Spain) were evaluated. To parametrize the charge collection effi ciency an IBIC test at CNA (Seville, Spain) was performed and results were compared with TCAD simulations. The device model used together with FLUKA Monte Carlo simulations has been compared with experimental micro-dosimetric spectra of a clinical 12C ion beam at Fondazione CNAO (Pavia, Italy). [Results] Smeared Monte Carlo spectra reproduce the main features of the experimental spectra taken with the silicon microdosimeters affected by partial charge collection events. The perturbation on the frequency and dose averaged lineal energy as a function of micro-dosimeter size was evaluated. Additionally, the minimum detectable lineal energy for no intrinsic gain devices was evaluated considering a general model of readout electronics as a function of the fl uence averaged mass thickness of solid-state micro-dosimeters. [Conclusions] Solid-state devices can be employed to measure microdosimetric spectra, but large collection and electronic noise pose limitations on their performance. The perturbation on the microdosimetric spectra has been evaluated in this work to set a general benchmark for the expected performance of a micro-dosimeter depending on geometry and se

Published
2019

37. RBE study using solid state microdosimetry in heavy ion therapy

Author

Pogossov, Alex, Guatelli, Susanna, Reinhard, Mark, Lerch, Michael, Perevertaylo, Vladimir, Fleta, Celeste, Rosenfeld, Anatoly, Jackson, Michael, and Pellegrini, Giulio

Abstract

The response of two types of 10 mm thick silicon-on-insulator (SOI) detectors in a 12C ion therapy beam with extremely high spatial resolution are presented in this work. The two detectors used are the “bridge” microdosimeter with isolated 3D sensitive volumes (SVs) and the ultra-thin 3D (U3DTHIN) detector with nþ and pþ 3D columnar structures. Both detectors were investigated at various depths in a water phantom along the central axis of the spread-out Brag peak (SOBP) of a 290 MeV/u 12C ion beam at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba, Japan. Based on the Microdosimetric Kinetic (MK) model and the microdosimetric quantities measured with the two detectors, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values were derived and compared to results obtained with the tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC). Derived RBE10 values obtained with the U3DTHIN detector were considerably higher than those obtained with the bridge microdosimeter and the TEPC along the SOBP. Due to the high spatial resolution of the microdosimeters, more detailed measurements were obtained at the end of the SOBP compared to the TEPC. The maximum derived RBE10 found using the U3DTHIN detector and bridge microdosimeter were approximately 2.66 and 2.58, respectively which are higher than the RBE10 value of 2.35 obtained with the TEPC due to the lack of high spatial resolution in the TEPC. The discrepancy in the results obtained using the two detectors is due to the difference in geometry of the SVs in the two detectors. This work presents an application of different types of SOI micodosimeters in a 12C ion therapy beam and has demonstrated that the microdosimeter with micron sized 3D SVs is more desirable for accurate lineal energy measurement and RBE determination. Silicon microdosimetry has demonstrated a simple, fast and accurate method for routine Quality Assurance in charged particle therapy.

Published
2017

38. Characterisation of strip silicon microstrip detectors for the ATLAS Phase-II upgrade with a micro-focused X-ray beam

Author

Poley, Luise, Blue, Andrew, Bates, Richard, Bloch, Ingo, Diez, Sergio, Fernandez-Tejero, Javier, Fleta, Celeste, Gallop, Bruce, Greenall, Ashley, Gregor, Ingrid-Maria, Hara, Kazuhiko, Ikegami, Yoichi, Lacasta, Carlos, Lohwasser, Kristin, Maneuski, Dzmitry, Nagorski, Sebastian, Pape, Ian, Phillips, Peter W., Sperlich, Dennis, Sawhney, Kawal, Soldevila, Urmila, Ullan, Miguel, Unno, Yoshinobu, and Warren, Matt

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The planned HL-LHC (High Luminosity LHC) in 2025 is being designed\ud to maximise the physics potential through a sizable increase in the\ud luminosity up to 6 · 1034 cm−2\ud s\ud −1\ud . A consequence of this increased luminosity\ud is the expected radiation damage at 3000 fb−1\ud after ten years of\ud operation, requiring the tracking detectors to withstand fluences to over\ud 1 · 1016 1 MeV neq/cm2\ud . In order to cope with the consequent increased\ud readout rates, a complete re-design of the current ATLAS Inner Detector\ud (ID) is being developed as the Inner Tracker (ITk).\ud Two proposed detectors for the ATLAS strip tracker region of the\ud ITk were characterized at the Diamond Light Source with a 3 µm FWHM\ud 15 keV micro focused X-ray beam. The devices under test were a 320 µm\ud thick silicon stereo (Barrel) ATLAS12 strip mini sensor wire bonded to\ud a 130 nm CMOS binary readout chip (ABC130) and a 320 µm thick full\ud size radial (end-cap) strip sensor - utilizing bi-metal readout layers - wire\ud bonded to 250 nm CMOS binary readout chips (ABCN-25).\ud A resolution better than the inter strip pitch of the 74.5 µm strips\ud was achieved for both detectors. The effect of the p-stop diffusion layers\ud between strips was investigated in detail for the wire bond pad regions.\ud Inter strip charge collection measurements indicate that the effective\ud width of the strip on the silicon sensors is determined by p-stop regions\ud between the strips rather than the strip pitch.

Published
2016

39. Microdosimeter based on 3d semiconductor structures, method for producing said microdosimeter, and use of said microdosimeter

Author

Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Pellegrini, Giulio, Lozano Fantoba, Manuel, Fleta, Celeste, Quirion, David, and Gómez Rodríguez, Faustino

Abstract

[EN] The invention relates to a microdosimeter formed by cells forming an array, where each cell contains a radiation-sensitive volume formed over semiconductors by means of three-dimensional processes defined by the components of a p-n junction so as to ensure the accurate delimitation, to a very small number of μm, of a sensitive volume similar to the mean volume of the cell nucleus, of a diameter approximately equal to, or less than, 10 μm, where the substrate where the cell is produced is a semiconductor wafer and the cell has a diameter of between 5 and 150 μm and a depth of between 1 and 300 μm. The invention also relates to different methods for producing different configurations that said microdosimeters may present, and to the use thereof for detecting radiation in different fields including medical and aerospace applications., [ES]La invención comprende un microdosímetro formado por celdas que forman una matriz, donde en el interior de cada celda hay un volumen sensible a la radiación, que se fabrica sobre semiconductores mediante procesos tridimensionales que definen los componentes de una unión PN para asegurar que se delimita con precisión de pocas μιη un volumen sensible similar al volumen medio del núcleo celular, de aproximadamente igual o menor a 10 μm de diámetro, donde el sustrato donde está fabricada la celda es una oblea de semiconductor y la celda tiene un diámetro de entre 5 y 150 μm y una profundidad de entre 1 y 300 μm.. Además la invención indica procedimientos de fabricación de diferentes configuraciones que pueden presentar estos microdosímetros, y su uso para detección de radiación en diferentes campos incluyendo aplicaciones médicas y aeroespaciales., Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnica

Published
2015

40. Liquid-semicinductor neutron detector

Author

Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Lozano Fantoba, Manuel, Fleta, Celeste, Pellegrini, Giulio, and Quirion, David

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

[EN] The invention relates to a liquid-semiconductor neutron detector characterised in that it comprises a hybrid structure consisting of a solid phase and a liquid phase, where the solid phase comprises a substrate of a semiconductor material characterised in that it has a series of grooves along the surface of one of the faces thereof forming an electrode of the detector, and where the liquid phase is contained in said grooves and characterised in that it comprises at least one neutron converter compound containing at least one isotope that is able to capture neutrons and replace them with charged particles suitable for ionising the semiconductor material. The invention also relates to the method for producing said detector and to the use thereof, [ES] La presente invención se refiere a un detector líquido-semiconductor de neutrones caracterizado por que comprende una estructura híbrida constituida por una fase sólida y una fase líquida, donde la fase sólida comprende un sustrato de un material semiconductor que se caracteriza por presentar una serie de hendiduras a lo largo de la superficie de una de sus caras que constituyen un electrodo del detector, y donde la fase líquida se encuentra embebida en dichas hendiduras y se caracteriza por comprender al menos un compuesto conversor de neutrones que contiene al menos un isótopo capaz de capturar neutrones y producir en su lugar partículas cargadas adecuadas para ionizar el material semiconductor. Asimismo es objeto de la invención el proceso de fabricación de dicho detector y su uso, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnica

Published
2012

41. Procedimiento para el depósito de capas gruesas de boro

Author

Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Calvo Angos, José, Lozano Fantoba, Manuel, Fleta, Celeste, Pellegrini, Giulio, and García Fuentes, Francisco Ignacio

Abstract

Procedimiento de depósito de una capa de boro sobre un substrato mediante evaporación física con haz de electrones, caracterizado porque comprende: a) obtener un substrato limpiado que comprende una primera capa de adhesión, b) proteger el substrato, c) alcanzar un vacio mínimo de 5x10 -6 mbar, d) calentar el substrato a una temperatura mínima de 115ºC, e) depositar mediante EBPVD sin que haya fragmentos de boro de tamaño inferior a 0,25 mm y manteniendo el cono de evaporación enfocado, f) depositar otra capa de adhesión sobre la capa de , y g) enfriar el substrato; donde las etapas e) y f) tienen lugar al menos una vez para obtener una capa de boro con un espesor igual o superior a 1 μm. Así como el producto obtenido por dicho procedimiento y su uso como detector de neutrones, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, B1 Patente sin examen previo

Published
2012

42. Method for depositing thick layers of boron

Author

Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Calvo Angos, José, Lozano Fantoba, Manuel, Fleta, Celeste, Pellegrini, Giulio, and García Fuentes, Francisco Ignacio

Abstract

[EN] The invention relates to a method for depositing a layer of boron on a substrate by means of physical evaporation with an electron beam, characterised in that it comprises: a) producing a clean substrate that comprises a first adhesive layer, b) protecting the substrate, c) reaching a minimum vacuum of 5x10-6 mbar, d) heating the substrate to a minimum temperature of 115°C, e) depositing 10B by means of EBPVD without there being any boron fragments smaller than 0.25 mm and maintaining the evaporation cone focussed, f) depositing another adhesive layer on the 10B layer, and g) cooling the substrate; where steps e) and f) are performed at least once to obtain a layer of boron with a thickness equal to or higher than 1 μπι. The invention also relates to the product obtained by said method and to the use thereof as a neutron detector, [ES] Procedimiento de depósito de una capa de boro sobre un substrato mediante evaporación física con haz de electrones, caracterizado porque comprende: a) obtener un substrato limpiado que comprende una primera capa de adhesión, b) proteger el substrato, c) alcanzar un vacío mínimo de 5x10-6 mbar, d) calentar el substrato a una temperatura mínima de 115 °C, e) depositar 10B mediante EBPVD sin que haya fragmentos de boro de tamaño inferior a 0,25 mm y manteniendo el cono de evaporación enfocado, f) depositar otra capa de adhesión sobre la capa de 10B, y g) enfriar el substrato; donde las etapas e) y f) tienen lugar al menos una vez para obtener una capa de boro con un espesor igual o superior a 1 μπι. Así como el producto obtenido por dicho procedimiento y su uso como detector de neutrones, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, A1 Solicitud de patente con informe sobre el estado de la técnica

Published
2012

43. RD50 Status Report 2008 - Radiation hard semiconductor devices for very high luminosity colliders

Author

Balbuena, Juan Pablo, Bassignana, Daniela, Campabadal, Francesca, Díez, Sergio, Fleta, Celeste, Lozano, Manuel, Pellegrini, Giulio, Rafí, Joan Marc, Ullán, Miguel, Creanza, Donato, De Palma, Mauro, Fedele, Francesca, Manna, Norman, Kierstead, Jim, Li, Zheng, Buda, Manuela, Lazanu, Sorina, Pintilie, Lucian, Pintilie, Ioana, Popa, Andreia-Ioana, Lazanu, Ionel, Collins, Paula, Fahrer, Manuel, Glaser, Maurice, Joram, Christian, Kaska, Katharina, La Rosa, Alessandro, Mekki, Julien, Moll, Michael, Pacifico, Nicola, Pernegger, Heinz, Goessling, Claus, Klingenberg, Reiner, Weber, Jens, Wunstorf, Renate, Roeder, Ralf, Stolze, Dieter, Uebersee, Hartmut, Cihangir, Selcuk, Kwan, Simon, Spiegel, Leonard, Tan, Ping, Bruzzi, Mara, Focardi, Ettore, Menichelli, David, Scaringella, Monica, Breindl, Michael, Eckert, Simon, Köhler, Michael, Kuehn, Susanne, Parzefall, Ulrich, Wiik, Liv, Bates, Richard, Blue, Andrew, Buttar, Craig, Doherty, Freddie, Eklund, Lars, Bates, Alison G, Haddad, Lina, Houston, Sarah, James, Grant, Mathieson, Keith, Melone, J, OShea, Val, Parkes, Chris, Pennicard, David, Buhmann, Peter, Eckstein, Doris, Fretwurst, Eckhart, Hönniger, Frank, Khomenkov, Vladimir, Klanner, Robert, Lindström, Gunnar, Pein, Uwe, Srivastava, Ajay, Härkönen, Jaakko, Lassila-Perini, Katri, Luukka, Panja, Mäenpää, Teppo, Tuominen, Eija, Tuovinen, Esa, Eremin, Vladimir, Ilyashenko, Igor, Ivanov, Alexandr, Kalinina, Evgenia, Lebedev, Alexander, Strokan, Nikita, Verbitskaya, Elena, Barcz, Adam, Brzozowski, Andrzej, Kaminski, Pawel, Kozlowski, Roman, Kozubal, Michal, Luczynski, Zygmunt, Pawlowski, Marius, Surma, Barbara, Zelazko, Jaroslaw, de Boer, Wim, Dierlamm, Alexander, Frey, Martin, Hartmann, Frank, Zhukov, Valery, Barabash, L, Dolgolenko, A, Groza, A, Karpenko, A, Khivrich, V, Lastovetsky, V, Litovchenko, P, Polivtsev, L, Campbell, Duncan, Chilingarov, Alexandre, Fox, Harald, Hughes, Gareth, Jones, Brian Keith, Sloan, Terence, Samadashvili, Nino, Tuuva, Tuure, Affolder, Anthony, Allport, Phillip, Bowcock, Themis, Casse, Gianluigi, Vossebeld, Joost, Cindro, Vladimir, Dolenc, Irena, Kramberger, Gregor, Mandic, Igor, Mikuž, Marko, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zontar, Dejan, Gil, Eduardo Cortina, Grégoire, Ghislain, Lemaitre, Vincent, Militaru, Otilia, Piotrzkowski, Krzysztof, Kazuchits, Nikolai, Makarenko, Leonid, Charron, Sébastien, Genest, Marie-Helene, Houdayer, Alain, Lebel, Celine, Leroy, Claude, Aleev, Andrey, Golubev, Alexander, Grigoriev, Eugene, Karpov, Aleksey, Martemianov, Alxander, Rogozhkin, Sergey, Zaluzhny, Alexandre, Andricek, Ladislav, Beimforde, Michael, Macchiolo, Anna, Moser, Hans-Günther, Nisius, Richard, Richter, Rainer, Gorelov, Igor, Hoeferkamp, Martin, Metcalfe, Jessica, Seidel, Sally, Toms, Konstantin, Hartjes, Fred, Koffeman, Els, van der Graaf, Harry, Visschers, Jan, Kuznetsov, Andrej, Sundnes Løvlie, Lars, Monakhov, Edouard, Svensson, Bengt G, Bisello, Dario, Candelori, Andrea, Litovchenko, Alexei, Pantano, Devis, Rando, Riccardo, Bilei, Gian Mario, Passeri, Daniele, Petasecca, Marco, Pignatel, Giorgio Umberto, Bernardini, Jacopo, Borrello, Laura, Dutta, Suchandra, Fiori, Francesco, Messineo, Alberto, Bohm, Jan, Mikestikova, Marcela, Popule, Jiri, Sicho, Petr, Tomasek, Michal, Vrba, Vaclav, Broz, Jan, Dolezal, Zdenek, Kodys, Peter, Tsvetkov, Alexej, Wilhelm, Ivan, Chren, Dominik, Horazdovsky, Tomas, Kohout, Zdenek, Pospisil, Stanislav, Solar, Michael, Sopko, Vít, Sopko, Bruno, Uher, Josef, Horisberger, Roland, Radicci, Valeria, Rohe, Tilman, Bolla, Gino, Bortoletto, Daniela, Giolo, Kim, Miyamoto, Jun, Rott, Carsten, Roy, Amitava, Shipsey, Ian, Son, SeungHee, Demina, Regina, Korjenevski, Sergey, Grillo, Alexander, Sadrozinski, Hartmut, Schumm, Bruce, Seiden, Abraham, Spence, Ned, Hansen, Thor-Erik, Artuso, Marina, Borgia, Alessandra, Lefeuvre, Gwenaelle, Guskov, J, Marunko, Sergey, Ruzin, Arie, Tylchin, Tamir, Boscardin, Maurizio, Dalla Betta, Gian - Franco, Gregori, Paolo, Piemonte, Claudio, Ronchin, Sabina, Zen, Mario, Zorzi, Nicola, Garcia, Carmen, Lacasta, Carlos, Marco, Ricardo, Marti i Garcia, Salvador, Minano, Mercedes, Soldevila-Serrano, Urmila, Gaubas, Eugenijus, Kadys, Arunas, Kazukauskas, Vaidotas, Sakalauskas, Stanislavas, Storasta, Jurgis, and Vidmantis Vaitkus, Juozas

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Detectors and Experimental Techniques
Abstract

The objective of the CERN RD50 Collaboration is the development of radiation hard semiconductor detectors for very high luminosity colliders, particularly to face the requirements of a possible upgrade scenario of the LHC.This document reports the status of research and main results obtained after the sixth year of activity of the collaboration.

Published
2010

44. The International Large Detector: Letter of Intent

Author

Abe, Toshinori, Abernathy, Jason M., Abramowicz, Halina, Adamus, Marek, Adeva, Bernardo, Afanaciev, Konstantin, Aguilar-Saavedra, Juan Antonio, Alabau Pons, Carmen, Albrecht, Hartwig, Andricek, Ladislav, Anduze, Marc, Aplin, Steve J., Arai, Yasuo, Asano, Masaki, Attie, David, Attree, Derek J., Burger, Jochen, Bailey, David, Balbuena, Juan Pablo, Ball, Markus, Ballin, James, Barbi, Mauricio, Barlow, Roger, Bartels, Christoph, Bartsch, Valeria, Bassignana, Daniela, Bates, Richard, Baudot, Jerome, Bechtle, Philip, Beck, Jeannine, Beckmann, Moritz, Bedjidian, Marc, Behnke, Ties, Belkadhi, Khaled, Bellerive, Alain, Bentvelsen, Stan, Bergauer, Thomas, Berggren, C.Mikael U., Bergholz, Matthias, Bernreuther, Werner, Besancon, Marc, Besson, Auguste, Bhattacharya, Sudeb, Bhuyan, Bipul, Biebel, Otmar, Bilki, Burak, Blair, Grahame, Blumlein, Johannes, Bo, Li, Boisvert, Veronique, Bondar, A., Bonvicini, Giovanni, Boos, Eduard, Boudry, Vincent, Bouquet, Bernard, Bouvier, Joel, Bozovic-Jelisavcic, Ivanka, Brient, Jean-Claude, Brock, Ian, Brogna, Andrea, Buchholz, Peter, Buesser, Karsten, Bulgheroni, Antonio, Butler, John, Buttar, Craig, Buzulutskov, A.F., Caccia, Massimo, Caiazza, Stefano, Calcaterra, Alessandro, Caldwell, Allen, Callier, Stephane L.C., Calvo Alamillo, Enrique, Campbell, Michael, Campbell, Alan J., Cappellini, Chiara, Carloganu, Cristina, Castro, Nuno, Castro Carballo, Maria Elena, Chadeeva, Marina, Chakraborty, Dhiman, Chang, Paoti, Charpy, Alexandre, Chen, Xun, Chen, Shaomin, Chen, Hongfang, Cheon, Byunggu, Choi, Suyong, Choudhary, B.C., Christen, Sandra, Ciborowski, Jacek, Ciobanu, Catalin, Claus, Gilles, Clerc, Catherine, Coca, Cornelia, Colas, Paul, Colijn, Auke, Colledani, Claude, Combaret, Christophe, Cornat, Remi, Cornebise, Patrick, Corriveau, Francois, Cvach, Jaroslav, Czakon, Michal, D'Ascenzo, Nicola, Da Silva, Wilfrid, Dadoun, Olivier, Dam, Mogens, Damerell, Chris, Danilov, Mikhail, Daniluk, Witold, Daubard, Guillaume, David, Dorte, David, Jacques, De Boer, Wim, De Groot, Nicolo, De Jong, Sijbrand, De Jong, Paul, De La Taille, Christophe, De Masi, Rita, De Roeck, Albert, Decotigny, David, Dehmelt, Klaus, Delagnes, Eric, Deng, Zhi, Desch, Klaus, Dieguez, Angel, Diener, Ralf, Dima, Mihai-Octavian, Dissertori, Gunther, Dixit, Madhu S., Dolezal, Zdenek, Dolgoshein, Boris A., Dollan, Ralph, Dorokhov, Andrei, Doublet, Philippe, Doyle, Tony, Doziere, Guy, Dragicevic, Marko, Drasal, Zbynek, Drugakov, Vladimir, Duarte Campderros, Jordi, Dulucq, Frederic, Dumitru, Laurentiu Alexandru, Dzahini, Daniel, Eberl, Helmut, Eckerlin, Guenter, Ehrenfeld, Wolfgang, Eigen, Gerald, Eklund, Lars, Elsen, Eckhard, Elsener, Konrad, Emeliantchik, Igor, Engels, Jan, Evrard, Christophe, Fabbri, Riccardo, Faber, Gerard, Faucci Giannelli, Michele, Faus-Golfe, Angeles, Feege, Nils, Feng, Cunfeng, Ferencei, Jozef, Fernandez Garcia, Marcos, Filthaut, Frank, Fleck, Ivor, Fleischer, Manfred, Fleta, Celeste, Fleury, Julien L., Fontaine, Jean-Charles, Foster, Brian, Fourches, Nicolas, Fouz, Mary-Cruz, Frank, Sebastian, Frey, Ariane, Frotin, Mickael, Fujii, Hirofumi, Fujii, Keisuke, Fujimoto, Junpei, Fujita, Yowichi, Fusayasu, Takahiro, Fuster, Juan, Gaddi, Andrea, Gaede, Frank, Galkin, Alexei, Galkin, Valery, Gallas, Abraham, Gallin-Martel, Laurent, Gamba, Diego, Gao, Yuanning, Garrido Beltran, Lluis, Garutti, Erika, Gastaldi, Franck, Gaur, Bakul, Gay, Pascal, Gellrich, Andreas, Genat, Jean-Francois, Gentile, Simonetta, Gerwig, Hubert, Gibbons, Lawrence, Ginina, Elena, Giraud, Julien, Giraudo, Giuseppe, Gladilin, Leonid, Goldstein, Joel, Gonzalez Sanchez, Francisco Javier, Gournaris, Filimon, Greenshaw, Tim, Greenwood, Z.D., Grefe, Christian, Gregor, Ingrid-Maria, Grenier, Gerald Jean, Gris, Philippe, Grondin, Denis, Grunewald, Martin, Grzelak, Grzegorz, Gurtu, Atul, Haas, Tobias, Haensel, Stephan, Hajdu, Csaba, Hallermann, Lea, Han, Liang, Hansen, Peter H., Hara, Takanori, Harder, Kristian, Hartin, Anthony, Haruyama, Tomiyoshi, Harz, Martin, Hasegawa, Yoji, Hauschild, Michael, He, Qing, Hedberg, Vincent, Hedin, David, Heinze, Isa, Helebrant, Christian, Henschel, Hans, Hensel, Carsten, Hertenberger, Ralf, Herve, Alain, Higuchi, Takeo, Himmi, Abdelkader, Hironori, Kazurayama, Hlucha, Hana, Hommels, Bart, Horii, Yasuyuki, Horvath, Dezso, Hostachy, Jean-Yves, Hou, Wei-Shu, Hu-Guo, Christine, Huang, Xingtao, Huppert, Jean Francois, Ide, Yasuhiro, Idzik, Marek, Iglesias Escudero, Carmen, Ignatenko, Alexandr, Igonkina, Olga, Ikeda, Hirokazu, Ikematsu, Katsumasa, Ikemoto, Yukiko, Ikuno, Toshinori, Imbault, Didier, Imhof, Andreas, Imhoff, Marc, Ingbir, Ronen, Inoue, Eiji, Ioannis, Giomataris, Ishikawa, Akimasa, Itagaki, Kennosuke, Ito, Kazutoshi, Itoh, Hideo, Iwabuchi, Masaya, Iwai, Go, Iwamoto, Toshiyuki, Jacosalem, Editha P., Jaramillo Echeverria, Richard, Jeans, Daniel T D., Jing, Fanfan, Jing, Ge, Jokic, Stevan, Jonsson, Leif, Jore, Matthieu, Jovin, Tatjana, Kafer, Daniela, Kajino, Fumiyoshi, Kamai, Yusuke, Kaminski, Jochen, Kamiya, Yoshio, Kaplan, Alexander, Kapusta, Frederic, Kar, Deepak, Karlen, Dean, Katayama, Nobu, Kato, Eriko, Kato, Yukihiro, Kaukher, Alexander, Kawagoe, Kiyotomo, Kawahara, Hiroki, Kawai, Masanori, Kawasaki, Takeo, Khan, Sameen Ahmed, Kieffer, Robert, Kielar, Eryk, Kiesenhofer, Wolfgang, Kiesling, Christian M., Killenberg, Martin, Kim, Donghee, Kim, Choong Sun, Kim, Guinyun, Kim, Hong Joo, Kim, Eun-Joo, Kim, Hyunok, Kim, Shinhong, Kircher, Francois, Kisielewska, Danuta, Kleinwort, Claus, Klimkovich, Tatsiana, Kluge, Hanna, Kluit, Peter Martin, Kobayashi, Makoto, Kobel, Michael, Kodama, Hideyo, Kodys, Peter, Koetz, U., Koffeman, Els, Kohriki, Takashi, Komamiya, Sachio, Kondou, Yoshinari, Korbel, Volker, Kotera, Katsushige, Krucker, Dirk, Kraml, Sabine, Krammer, Manfred, Krastev, Kaloyan, Krause, Bernward, Krautscheid, Thorsten, Kschioneck, Kirsten, Kuang, Yu-Ping, Kuhlmann, Jan, Kuroiwa, Hirotoshi, Kusano, Tomonori, Kvasnicka, Peter, Lacasta Llacer, Carlos, Lagorio, Eric, Laktineh, Imad, Lange, Wolfgang, Lebrun, Patrice, Lee, Jik, Lehner, Frank, Lesiak, Tadeusz, Levy, Aharon, Li, Bo, Li, Ting, Li, Yulan, Li, Hengne, Liang, Zuotang, Lima, Guilherme, Linde, Frank, Linssen, Lucie, Linzmaier, Diana, List, Benno, List, Jenny, Liu, Bo, Llopart Cudie, Xavier, Lohmann, Wolfgang, Lopez Virto, Amparo, Lozano, Manuel, Lu, Shaojun, Lucaci-Timoce, Angela Isabela, Lumb, Nick, Lundberg, Bjorn, Lutz, Pierre, Lutz, Benjamin, Lux, Thorsten, Luzniak, Pawel, Lyapin, Alexey, Ma, Wengan, Maczewski, Lukasz, Mader, Wolfgang F., Maity, Manas, Majumdar, Nayana, Majumder, Gobinda, Maki, Akihiro, Makida, Yasuhiro, Mamuzic, Judita, Marc, Dhellot, Marchesini, Ivan, Marcisovsky, Michal, Marias, Carlos, Marshall, John, Martens, Cornelius, Martin, Victoria J., Martin, Jean-Pierre, Martin-Chassard, Gisele, Martinez Rivero, Celso, Martyn, Hans-Ulrich, Mathez, Herve, Mathieu, Antoine, Matsuda, Takeshi, Matsunaga, Hiroyuki, Matsushita, Takashi, Mavromanolakis, Georgios, Mcdonald, Kirk T., Mereu, Paolo, Merk, Marcel, Merkin, Mikhail M., Meyer, Niels, Meyners, Norbert, Mihara, Satoshi, Miller, David J., Miller, Owen, Mitaroff, Winfried A., Miyamoto, Akiya, Miyata, Hitoshi, Mjornmark, Ulf, Mnich, Joachim, Monig, Klaus, Moll, Andreas, Moortgat-Pick, Gudrid A., Mora De Freitas, Paulo, Morel, Frederic, Moretti, Stefano, Morgunov, Vasily, Mori, Toshinori, Mori, Takashi, Morin, Laurent, Morozov, Sergey, Moser, Hans-Gunther, Moser, Fabian, Moya, David, Mudrinic, Mihajlo, Mukhopadhyay, Supratik, Murakami, Takeshi, Musa, Luciano, Musat, Gabriel, Nagamine, Tadashi, Nakamura, Isamu, Nakano, Eiichi, Nakashima, Kenichi, Nakayoshi, Kazuo, Nakazawa, Hideyuki, Nam, Shinwoo, Nam, Jiwoo, Nemecek, Stanislav, Niebuhr, Carsten, Niechciol, Marcus, Niezurawski, Piotr, Nishida, Shohei, Nishiyama, Miho, Nitoh, Osamu, Norbeck, Ed, Nozaki, Mitsuaki, O'Shea, Val, Ohlerich, Martin, Okada, Nobuchika, Olchevski, Alexander, Olivier, Bob, Oliwa, Krzysztof, Omori, Tsunehiko, Onel, Yasar, Ono, Hiroaki, Ono, Yoshimasa, Onuki, Yoshiyuki, Ootani, Wataru, Orava, Risto, Orlandea, Marius Ciprian, Oskarsson, Anders, Osland, Per, Ossetski, Dmitri, Osterman, Lennart, Padilla, Cristobal, Pandurovic, Mila, Park, Il Hung, Park, Hwanbae, Parkes, Chris, Patrick, Ghislain, Patterson, J.Ritchie, Pawlik, Bogdan, Pellegrini, Giulio, Pellegrino, Antonio, Peterson, Daniel, Petrov, Alexander, Pham, Thanh Hung, Piccolo, Marcello, Poeschl, Roman, Polak, Ivo, Popova, Elena, Postranecky, Martin, Prahl, Volker, Prudent, Xavier, Przysiezniak, Helenka, Puerta-Pelayo, Jesus, Qian, Wenbin, Quadt, Arnulf, Rarbi, Fatah-Ellah, Raspereza, Alexei, Ratti, Lodovico, Raux, Ludovic, Raven, Gerhard, Re, Valerio, Regler, Meinhard, Reinhard, Marcel, Renz, Uwe, Repain, Philippe, Repond, Jose, Richard, Francois, Riemann, Sabine, Riemann, Tord, Riera-Babures, Jordi, Riu, Imma, Robert, Kieffer, Robson, Aidan, Roloff, Philipp, Rosca, Aura, Rosemann, Christoph, Rosiek, Janusz, Rossmanith, Robert, Roth, Stefan, Royon, Christophe, Ruan, Manqi, Ruiz-Jimeno, Alberto, Rusinov, Vladimir, Ruzicka, Pavel, Ryzhikov, Dmitri, Saborido, Juan J., Sadeh, Iftach, Sailer, Andre, Saito, Masatoshi, Sakuma, Takayuki, Sanami, Toshiya, Sanuki, Tomoyuki, Sarkar, Sandip, Sasaki, Rei, Sato, Yutaro, Saveliev, Valeri, Savoy-Navarro, Aurore, Sawyer, Lee, Schafer, Oliver, Schalicke, Andreas, Schuler, K.Peter, Schade, Peter, Schaffran, Joern, Scheirich, Jan, Schlatter, Dieter, Schmidt, Ringo Sebastian, Schmitt, Sebastian, Schneekloth, Uwe, Schreiber, Heinz Juergen, Schultz-Coulon, Hans-Christian, Schumacher, Markus, Schumm, Bruce A., Schuwalow, Sergej, Schwierz, Rainer, Sefkow, Felix, Sefri, Rachid, Seguin-Moreau, Nathalie, Seidel, Katja, Sekaric, Jadranka, Sendai, Hiroshi, Settles, Ronald Dean, Shao, Ming, Shechtman, L.I., Shimazaki, Shoichi, Shumeiko, Nikolai, Sicho, Petr, Simon, Frank, Sinram, Klaus, Smiljanic, Ivan, Smiljkovic, Nebojsa, Smolik, Jan, Sobloher, Blanka, Soldner, Christian, Song, Kezhu, Sopczak, Andre, Speckmayer, Peter, Stenlund, Evert, Stockinger, Dominik, Stoeck, Holger, Strohmer, Raimund, Straessner, Arno, Stromhagen, Richard, Sudo, Yuji, Suehara, Taikan, Suekane, Fumihiko, Suetsugu, Yusuke, Sugimoto, Yasuhiro, Sugiyama, Akira, Sumisawa, Kazutaka, Suzuki, Shiro, Swientek, Krzysztof, Tabassam, Hajrah, Takahashi, Tohru, Takeda, Hiroshi, Takeshita, Tohru, Takubo, Yosuke, Tanabe, Tomohiko, Tanaka, Shuji, Tanaka, Ken-Ichi, Tanaka, Manobu, Tapprogge, Stefan, Tarkovsky, Evgueny I., Tauchi, Toshiaki, Tauchi, Kazuya, Telnov, Valery I., Teodorescu, Eliza, Thomson, Mark, Tian, Junping, Timmermans, Jan, Titov, Maxim P., Tokushuku, Katsuo, Tozuka, Shunsuke, Tsuboyama, Toru, Ueno, Koji, Ullan, Miguel, Uozumi, Satoru, Urakawa, Junji, Ushakov, Andriy, Ushiroda, Yutaka, Valentan, Manfred, Valin, Isabelle, Van Der Graaf, Harry, Van Doren, Brian, Van Kooten, Rick J., Vander Donckt, Muriel, Vanel, Jean-Charles, Vazquez Regueiro, Pablo, Verzocchi, Marco, Vescovi, Christophe, Videau, Henri L., Vila, Ivan, Vilasis-Cardona, Xavier, Vogel, Adrian, Volkenborn, Robert, Vos, Marcel, Voutsinas, Yorgos, Vrba, Vaclav, Vreeswijk, Marcel, Walsh, Roberval, Waltenberger, Wolfgang, Wang, Min-Zu, Wang, Yi, Wang, Xiaoliang, Wang, Qun, Wang, Meng, Ward, David R., Warren, Matthew, Watanabe, Minori, Watanabe, Takashi, Watson, Nigel K., Wattimena, Nanda, Wendt, Oliver, Wermes, Norbert, Weuste, Lars, Wichmann, Katarzyna, Wienemann, Peter, Wierba, Wojciech, Wilson, Graham W., Wilson, John A., Wing, Matthew, Winter, Marc, Wobisch, Markus, Worek, Malgorzata, Xella, Stefania, Xu, Zizong, Yamaguchi, Akira, Yamaguchi, Hiroshi, Yamamoto, Hitoshi, Yamaoka, Hiroshi, Yamashita, Satoru, Yamauchi, M., Yamazaki, Yuji, Yamouni, Mahfoud, Yan, Wenbiao, Yanagida, Koji, Yang, Haijun, Yang, Jongmann, Yang, Jin Min, Yang, Zhenwei, Yasu, Yoshiji, Yonamine, Ryo, Yoshida, Kohei, Yoshida, Takuo, Yoshioka, Tamaki, Yu, Chunxu, Yu, Intae, Yue, Qian, Zacek, Josef, Zalesak, Jaroslav, Zarnecki, Aleksander Filip, Zawiejski, Leszek, Zeitnitz, Christian, Zerwas, Dirk, Zeuner, Wolfram, Zhang, Yanxi, Zhang, Ziping, Zhang, Renyou, Zhang, Xueyao, Zhang, Zhiqing, Zhao, Jiawei, Zhao, Zhengguo, Zheng, Baojun, Zhong, Liang, Zhou, Yongzhao, Zhu, Xianglei, Zhu, Chengguang, Zomer, Fabian, and Zutshi, Vishnu

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Time projection chamber, Large Hadron Collider, International Linear Collider, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Particle accelerator, Magnetic detector, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics, Particle Physics - Experiment, Lepton, Event reconstruction
Abstract

The International Large Detector (ILD) is a concept for a detector at the International Linear Collider, ILC. The ILC will collide electrons and positrons at energies of initially 500 GeV, upgradeable to 1 TeV. The ILC has an ambitious physics program, which will extend and complement that of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A hallmark of physics at the ILC is precision. The clean initial state and the comparatively benign environment of a lepton collider are ideally suited to high precision measurements. To take full advantage of the physics potential of ILC places great demands on the detector performance. The design of ILD is driven by these requirements. Excellent calorimetry and tracking are combined to obtain the best possible overall event reconstruction, including the capability to reconstruct individual particles within jets for particle ow calorimetry. This requires excellent spatial resolution for all detector systems. A highly granular calorimeter system is combined with a central tracker which stresses redundancy and efficiency. In addition, efficient reconstruction of secondary vertices and excellent momentum resolution for charged particles are essential for an ILC detector. The interaction region of the ILC is designed to host two detectors, which can be moved into the beam position with a push-pull scheme. The mechanical design of ILD and the overall integration of subdetectors takes these operational condition s into account. The International Large Detector (ILD) is a concept for a detector at the International Linear Collider, ILC. The ILC will collide electrons and positrons at energies of initially 500 GeV, upgradeable to 1 TeV. The ILC has an ambitious physics program, which will extend and complement that of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A hallmark of physics at the ILC is precision. The clean initial state and the comparatively benign environment of a lepton collider are ideally suited to high precision measurements. To take full advantage of the physics potential of ILC places great demands on the detector performance. The design of ILD is driven by these requirements. Excellent calorimetry and tracking are combined to obtain the best possible overall event reconstruction, including the capability to reconstruct individual particles within jets for particle ow calorimetry. This requires excellent spatial resolution for all detector systems. A highly granular calorimeter system is combined with a central tracker which stresses redundancy and efficiency. In addition, efficient reconstruction of secondary vertices and excellent momentum resolution for charged particles are essential for an ILC detector. The interaction region of the ILC is designed to host two detectors, which can be moved into the beam position with a push-pull scheme. The mechanical design of ILD and the overall integration of subdetectors takes these operational conditions into account.

Published
2010

45. Ultra-thin 3-D detector: charge collection characterization and application for microdosimetry

Author

Tran, Linh T, Prokopovich, Dale A, Petasecca, Marco, Lerch, Michael L. F, Fleta, Celeste, Pellegrini, Giulio, Guardiola, Consuelo, Reinhard, Mark I, Rosenfeld, Anatoly B, Tran, Linh T, Prokopovich, Dale A, Petasecca, Marco, Lerch, Michael L. F, Fleta, Celeste, Pellegrini, Giulio, Guardiola, Consuelo, Reinhard, Mark I, and Rosenfeld, Anatoly B

Abstract

An ultra-thin 3-D detector (U3DTHIN) with a 10-\mum-thick active region has been proposed to apply for microdosimetry in heavy ion therapy where the ion beam incidence is normal to the detector. The advantage of the detector is that the detector substrate below the silicon-on-insulator layer has been etched away. Extremely small columnar 3-D electrodes allow the detector to be fully depleted at very low biases with a minimum dead region due to their size. In this paper, a charge collection study of the U3DTHIN detector carried out using an ion beam-induced charge collection (IBICC) technique is presented. The IBICC study utilized a microbeam of 5.5 MeV {\rm He}2 + and 20 MeV^{12}{\rm C} ions focused to approximately 1-\mum diameter. Full charge collection was observed from a bias as low as-10 V. A comparison of the detector response when irradiated from the front and rear side is also presented.

Published
2014

46. Liquid-semicinductor neutron detector

Author

Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Lozano Fantoba, Manuel, Fleta, Celeste, Pellegrini, Giulio, Quirion, David, Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Lozano Fantoba, Manuel, Fleta, Celeste, Pellegrini, Giulio, and Quirion, David

Abstract

[EN] The invention relates to a liquid-semiconductor neutron detector characterised in that it comprises a hybrid structure consisting of a solid phase and a liquid phase, where the solid phase comprises a substrate of a semiconductor material characterised in that it has a series of grooves along the surface of one of the faces thereof forming an electrode of the detector, and where the liquid phase is contained in said grooves and characterised in that it comprises at least one neutron converter compound containing at least one isotope that is able to capture neutrons and replace them with charged particles suitable for ionising the semiconductor material. The invention also relates to the method for producing said detector and to the use thereof, [ES] La presente invención se refiere a un detector líquido-semiconductor de neutrones caracterizado por que comprende una estructura híbrida constituida por una fase sólida y una fase líquida, donde la fase sólida comprende un sustrato de un material semiconductor que se caracteriza por presentar una serie de hendiduras a lo largo de la superficie de una de sus caras que constituyen un electrodo del detector, y donde la fase líquida se encuentra embebida en dichas hendiduras y se caracteriza por comprender al menos un compuesto conversor de neutrones que contiene al menos un isótopo capaz de capturar neutrones y producir en su lugar partículas cargadas adecuadas para ionizar el material semiconductor. Asimismo es objeto de la invención el proceso de fabricación de dicho detector y su uso

Published
2014

47. Detector líquido-semiconductor de neutrones

Author

Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Lozano Fantoba, Manuel, Fleta, Celeste, Pellegrini, Giulio, Quirion, David, Guardiola Salmerón, Consuelo, Lozano Fantoba, Manuel, Fleta, Celeste, Pellegrini, Giulio, and Quirion, David

Abstract

La presente invención se refiere a un detector líquidosemiconductor de neutrones caracterizado porque comprende una estructura híbrida constituida por una fase sólida y una fase líquida, donde la fase sólida comprende un sustrato de un material semiconductor que se caracteriza por presentar una serie de hendiduras a lo largo de la superficie de una de sus caras que constituyen un electrodo del detector, y donde la fase líquida se encuentra embebida en dichas hendiduras y se caracteriza por comprender al menos un compuesto conversor de neutrones que contiene al menos un isótopo capaz de capturar neutrones y producir en su lugar partículas cargadas adecuadas para ionizar el material semiconductor. Asimismo es objeto de la invención el proceso de fabricación de dicho detector y su uso

Published
2014

49. Characterisation of p-type detectors for the future Super-LHC

Author

Lacasta Llácer, Carlos, Campabadal, Francesca, Fleta, Celeste, García García, Carmen, Lozano Fantoba, Manuel, Martí García, Salvador, Miñano, Mercedes, Pellegrini, Giulio, Rafí, J. M., and Ullán Comes, Miguel

Subjects
Super-LHC, Silicon, p-Type microstrip silicon radiation detectors, [PACS] Solid-state detectors, [PACS] Tracking and position-sensitive detectors
Abstract

4 pages, 5 figures.-- PACS nrs.: 29.40.Gx; 29.40.Wk.-- ISI Article Identifier: 000249604700011, Printed version published on Sep 1, 2007.-- Issue title: Proceedings of the 6th "Hiroshima" Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Detectors (Carmel, CA, Sep 11-15, 2006)., A technology for the fabrication of p-type microstrip silicon radiation detectors using p-spray implant insulation has been developed at CNM-IMB within the RD50 collaboration framework. The p-spray insulation has been designed to withstand the ionising irradiation dose expected in the middle region of the ATLAS tracking system for the future Super-LHC. Detectors have been fabricated with Float Zone and Magnetic Czochralski p-type high resistivity silicon substrates in the Clean Room facility of CNM-IMB, irradiated with neutrons up to a fluence of 10^15 neutrons cm(-2) and characterised at IFIC-Valencia. The results show a charge collection efficiency below 40% at 1000V bias voltage.

Published
2007

50. 3D double sided detector fabrication at IMB-CNM

Author

Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), European Commission, Pellegrini, Giulio, Balbuena, Juan Pablo, Bassignana, D., Cabruja Casas, Enric, Fleta, Celeste, Guardiola, Consuelo, Lozano Fantoba, Manuel, Quirion, David, Ullán Comes, Miguel, Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (España), European Commission, Pellegrini, Giulio, Balbuena, Juan Pablo, Bassignana, D., Cabruja Casas, Enric, Fleta, Celeste, Guardiola, Consuelo, Lozano Fantoba, Manuel, Quirion, David, and Ullán Comes, Miguel

Abstract

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) recorded its first collisions during the last months of 2009. By 2020 a two-stage upgrade of the accelerator complex, the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), will increase the instantaneous luminosities up to a factor of ten compared to the current design. The particle fluxes at ATLAS will increment substantially with special impact on the inner tracking detector which will be subjected to large occupancies and radiation damage. In order to cope with the higher instantaneous luminosities ATLAS will upgrade its current Inner Detector (ID) in two phases, first by introducing a new pixel layer (IBL) mounted directly on the beam pipe, and later by completely replacing the current ID with several layers of semiconductor detectors (pixels and strips). The upgrades to the ATLAS ID require the development of new silicon technologies, since the current planar pixel sensors are not suitable for the expected radiation doses at small radii. For these inner detector layers, the most promising technology is the so-called 3D sensor, while improved planar sensors are considered for the external layers. Silicon detectors with cylindrical electrodes offer advantages over standard planar sensors mainly because they are more radiation hard. 3D detectors with the double sided geometry have been fabricated at IMB-CNM clean room facilities. The layouts fits the new pixelated readout chip FE-I4 developed by the ATLAS collaboration. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2013

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