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BackgroundScant data exist on weight loss interventions for youth with intellectual disabilities (ID).ObjectiveTo compare weight loss among youth with ID randomized to a 6-month, family-based behavioural intervention (FBBI) or a waitlist and to compare weight loss among youth who completed a 6-month maintenance (FBBI-M) intervention to a control group (FBBI-C).MethodsYouth with ID and overweight/obesity, aged 14-22 years, were randomized to the FBBI or to a waitlist and subsequently randomized to a maintenance intervention or a control group. Sessions were held weekly during the FBBI and biweekly during the FBBI-M. Using an intention-to-treat approach, we used linear mixed models to test differences in the change in weight and in BMI from the start of FBBI.ResultsThe 24 participants who received the FBBI lost, on average (SE), 5.1 (1.1) kg (P

Youth with intellectual disabilities engage in low levels of physical activity (PA). An aim of this family-based weight-loss behavioral intervention (FBBI) trial was to increase and sustain PA in these youth. Accelerometry data were available from 21 individuals with intellectual disabilities, age 14–22 years. Each completed the 6-month FBBI, after which 10 completed a 6-month maintenance intervention (FBBI-M), and 11 received no further intervention (FBBI-C). Twenty participated in a further 6-month follow-up. Accelerometry data were analyzed using linear mixed models. During FBBI, mean (SE) moderate to vigorous PA increased by 4.1 (2.5) min/day and light PA by 24.2 (13.5) min/day. Mean (SE) difference in moderate to vigorous PA between participants in FBBI-M and FBBI-C at 18 months was 14.0 (5.1) min/day (p =.005); mean (SE) difference in light PA was 47.4 (27.4) min/day (p =.08). Increasing PA through behavioral intervention is possible in youth with intellectual disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to translate the Australian Environmental Assessment Tool (EAT) into Chinese and identify culturally specific characteristics in the Chinese context for adaptation. Background: In the context of dementia-specific care, the design of the environment is considered an influential factor in supporting and maintaining skills. However, despite the increasing number of individuals with dementia in China, there is currently no valid instrument available to systematically assess the quality of the physical environment in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Methods: This study utilized a mixed-method procedure consisting of seven steps, including translation and adaptation. The study involved focus groups comprising an expert panel (n = 17) and potential users (n = 64) of the newly developed tool. Cross-cultural adaptation was performed through Chinese literature review and literature quality appraisal, field study, and expert committee review. Results: The final version of the China Environmental Assessment Tool (C-EAT) consisted of 10 key design principles and 64 items. The C-EAT was tested in four LTCFs in China and underwent two rounds of review by an expert panel. Conclusions: The C-EAT was deemed a suitable tool for assessing the environment and enhancing the living environments for individuals with dementia in LTCFs in China. In future research, field tests will be conducted to validate the C-EAT scale and modify the EAT-HC to enhance its applicability in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Japanese cultural adaptation of the Australian Environmental Assessment Tool-Higher Care (J-EAT) was developed for use in Japan's small-scale living facilities. This study aimed to validate the J-EAT. Twenty-five dementia care experts (7 gerontologists and 18 facility care workers) participated in assessing J-EAT content validity. The final version of J-EAT contained 81 items; of those, 74 met the CVI threshold for relevance. The findings indicated different perspectives between the two expert groups. Validation of the J-EAT was confirmed as an appropriate tool for Japan's small-scale living facilities to evaluate the environment to enhance residents' quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given Banach spaces X and Y, we ask about the dual space of the 𝒧(X, Y). This paper surveys results on tensor products of Banach spaces with the main objective of describing the dual of spaces of bounded operators. In several cases and under a variety of assumptions on X and Y, the answer can best be given as the projective tensor product of X** and Y*.

Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) defoliation has been shown to increase the likelihood of large forest fires in central Canada. However, the time frame of heightened risk based on the duration of spruce budworm defoliation has not yet been quantified. In this article, we document the extent of stand breakdown and surface fuel accumulation after a period of spruce budworm defoliation that occurred between 1972 and 1976. Data on stand characteristics were derived from previous studies at three different locations in the boreal mixedwood forests of central Canada: Aubinadong (B.J. Stocks. 1987. For. Chron. 63: 8-14), Gogama, and Gowganda in Ontario. Stand breakdown was measured using a series of transects set in plots 7 years following aerially mapped defoliation (1977-1983). Results show that during the 4 years following 5 years of defoliation, crown breakage, a typical symptom of defoliation, increased by nearly 200%, and surface fuel increased by 145% from predisturbance levels. The high correlation between crown breakage and surface fuels linked defoliation to fuel buildup. We begin to solve the challenge of measuring fuel structure over the expansive scale of spruce budworm outbreaks by quantifying the relationship among stand breakdown, time since the end of defoliation, and the duration of defoliation so that the expected fuel structure can be modelled from annual defoliation surveys. Key words: spruce budworm defoliation, crown fire, forest fire management, forest structure, natural disturbance. Il a ete demontre que la defoliation causee par la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'epinette (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) augmente la probabilite que de vastes feux de foret surviennent dans la partie centrale du Canada. Cependant, la periode de risque accru fondee sur la duree des defoliations causees par la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'epinette n'a pas encore ete quantifiee. Dans cet article, nous documentons l'ampleur de la deterioration des peuplements et de l'accumulation des combustibles de surface a la suite d'une periode de defoliation survenue entre 1972 et 1976. Les donnees sur les caracteristiques des peuplements ont ete extraites d'etudes precedentes realisees a trois endroits differents dans les forets boreales mixtes du centre du Canada : Aubinadong (B.J. Stocks. 1987. For Chron. 63: 8-14), Gogama et Gowganda, en Ontario. La deterioration des peuplements a ete mesuree a l'aide d'une serie de transects etablis dans des parcelles 7 ans apres une defoliation cartographiee par la voie des airs (1977-1983). Les resultats montrent que durant les 4 annees qui ont suivi 5 annees de defoliation le bris des cimes, un symptome typique de defoliation, a augmente de pres de 200% et les combustibles de surface de 145%, relativement aux niveaux existants avant la perturbation. La correlation etroite entre le bris des cimes et les combustibles de surface relie la defoliation a l'accumulation de combustibles. Nous commencons a relever le defi que represente la mesure de la structure des combustibles considerant l'ampleur croissante des epidemies en quantifiant la relation entre la deterioration des peuplements, le temps ecoule depuis que la defoliation a cesse et la duree de la defoliation, de telle sorte que la structure anticipee des combustibles puisse etre modelisee a partir des releves annuels de defoliation. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: defoliation causee par la tordeuse des bourgeons de l'epinette, feu de cime, gestion des feux de foret, structure de la foret, perturbation naturelle., Introduction Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)) outbreaks and forest fire are two important natural disturbances in Canada's boreal forests; however, the relationship between these two ecological drivers has not been [...]

The Quotient Lifting Property (QLP) for pairs of spaces and its relation to the proximinality of subspaces are studied. Even though this property is not hereditary, for finite-dimensional subspaces of $ L^1(\mu) $ L 1 (μ) , we show that for a choice of a basis, all subspaces spanned by any sub-collection from the base, generate subspaces with QLP. Spaces of dimension greater than two with the total quotient lifting property are shown to be Hilbert spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to determine if a programme change to 12 hourly injections of FSH (150 IU per injection) for the first 2 days of stimulation in women with high ovarian reserve (AMH ≥ 30 pmol/L), followed by 24 hourly injections, would elicit increased earlier follicular recruitment, higher egg yields and blastocyst embryos for cryopreservation, leading to potential higher cumulative pregnancy rates, than conventional daily injections throughout. For safety reasons, the approach required mandatory cryopreservation of all blastocysts (mFET group; n = 74), after ovulation trigger with GnRH-agonist, in GnRH-antagonist controlled cycles. The 'Comparator group' (n = 91) comprised women with the same high AMH levels treated with the same base dose of FSH, with the aim of fresh blastocyst transfer and cryopreservation of supernumerary embryos, treated over the preceding 2 years. There was no difference in age, AMH, weight or BMI between the groups. The mFET group achieved higher egg (17.7 versus 11.7; p < 0.001) and embryo (10.9 versus 7.2; p < 0.001) yields and fewer cases with sub-optimal embryo yields (7% versus 22%; p = 0.018). The cumulative live birth rate was superior in the mFET group (73% versus 43%), as was the safety profile, and negligible rate of treatment plan modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The national need for individuals trained in applied behavior analysis (ABA) helped persuade the U.S. Department of Education to fund the development of a four-course, undergraduate-level curriculum on the topic. In this article, the authors report the results and application of a four-phase "Delphi" survey procedure designed to identify the most critical topics to cover in the curriculum. Thirty-four specialists in behavioral intervention participated and identified 74 items, 36 of which eventually emerged as "strongly recommended," 27 as "recommended" and 11 as "not recommended." This information was used to select topics and practices to cover in the courses. Other ABA scholars, researchers, and practitioners may find this information useful in designing instructional programs for adults. (Contains 2 tables.)