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1. Effectiveness of one and two doses of acellular pertussis vaccines against laboratory-confirmed pertussis requiring hospitalisation in infants: Results of the PERTINENT sentinel surveillance system in six EU/EEA countries, December 2015 – December 2019

Author

Merdrignac, Lore, Aït El Belghiti, Fatima, Pandolfi, Elisabetta, Acosta, Lesly, Fabiánová, Kateřina, Habington, Adele, García Cenoz, Manuel, Bøås, Håkon, Toubiana, Julie, Tozzi, Alberto E., Jordan, Iolanda, Zavadilová, Jana, O'Sullivan, Niam, Navascués, Ana, Flem, Elmira, Croci, Ilena, Jané, Mireia, Křížová, Pavla, Cotter, Suzanne, Fernandino, Leticia, Bekkevold, Terese, Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen, Bacci, Sabrina, Kramarz, Piotr, Kissling, Esther, and Savulescu, Camelia

Published
2024
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3. No association between disease severity and respiratory syncytial virus subtypes RSV-A and RSV-B in hospitalized young children in Norway.

Author

Bøås, Håkon, Havdal, Lise Beier, Størdal, Ketil, Døllner, Henrik, Leegaard, Truls Michael, Bekkevold, Terese, Flem, Elmira, Inchley, Christopher, Nordbø, Svein Arne, Rojahn, Astrid Elisabeth, Debes, Sara, Barstad, Bjørn, Haarr, Elisebet, and Kran, Anne-Marte Bakken

Subjects
RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections, HOSPITAL care of children, RESPIRATORY infections, SEX factors in disease, RESPIRATORY syncytial virus
Abstract

Objective: There is conflicting evidence whether subtypes of Respiratory syncytial virus have different seasonality or are differentially associated with clinical severity. We aimed to explore the associations between disease severity and RSV subtypes RSV-A and RSV-B and to describe the circulation of RSV subtypes pattern by season and age. Methods: Active prospective hospital surveillance for RSV-A and RSV-B in children <59 months of age was conducted during 2015–2018. All febrile children 12–59 months of age were enrolled, whereas children <12 months were eligible if presenting with fever or respiratory symptoms. Risk factors and upper and lower respiratory tract infection was identified by linkage to national registry data and analyzed using penalized maximum likelihood logistic regression. Results: Both RSV-A and B were found to co-circulate throughout all three study seasons, and no clear seasonal pattern was identified. Likewise, we found no association between sex or measures of severity with RSV-A or RSV-B. There was significantly more RSV-A than RSV-B among children with comorbidities. Conclusions: No association was found between disease severity or sex and RSV subtypes RSV-A and RSV-B in hospitalized young children in Norway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Time-varying association between severe respiratory syncytial virus infections and subsequent severe asthma and wheeze and influences of age at the infection

Author

Wang, Xin, Li, You, Nair, Harish, Campbell, Harry, Reeves, Rachel M, van Wijhe, Maarten, Kølsen Fischer, Thea, Simonsen, Lone, Trebbien, Ramona, Tong, Sabine, Bangert, Mathieu, Demont, Clarisse, Lehtonen, Toni, University Hospital, Turku, Heikkinen, Terho, Teirlinck, Anne, van Boven, Michiel, van der Hoek, Wim, van der Maas, Nicoline, Meijer, Adam, Vazquez Fernandez, Liliana, Bøas, Håkon, Bekkevold, Terese, Flem, Elmira, Stona, Luca, Speltra, Irene, Giaquinto, Carlo, Cheret, Arnaud, Leach, Amanda, Stoszek, Sonia, Beutels, Philippe, Bont, Louis, Pollard, Andrew, Openshaw, Peter, Abram, Michael, Swanson, Kena, Rosen, Brian, Molero, Eva, and Investigators, RESCEU

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Virus, Risk Factors, Wheeze, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Respiratory system, Child, Respiratory Sounds, Retrospective Studies, Asthma, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Infant, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Cohort, medicine.symptom, business, Respiratory tract
Abstract

Background Early-life severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection has been associated with subsequent risk of asthma and recurrent wheeze. However, changes in the association over time and the interaction effect of the age at first RSV infection are less well understood. We aimed to assess the time-varying association between RSV and subsequent asthma and wheeze admission and explore how the association was affected by the age at RSV infection. Methods We retrospectively followed up a cohort of 23 365 children for a median of 6.9 years using Scottish health databases. Children who were born between 2001 and 2013 and had RSV-associated respiratory tract infection (RTI) admissions under 2 years were in the exposed group; those with unintentional accident admissions under 2 years comprised the control group. The Cox proportional-hazards model was used to report adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of RSV admissions on subsequent asthma and wheeze admissions. We did subgroup analyses by follow-up years. We also explored how this association was affected by the age at first RSV admission. Results The association was strongest in the first 2 years of follow-up and decreased over time. The association persisted for 6 years in children whose first RSV-RTI admission occurred at 6–23 months of age, with an adjusted HR of 3.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1–4.9) for the first 2 years, 2.3 (95% CI, 1.6–3.2) for 2 to Conclusions We found a more persistent association for subsequent asthma and wheeze in children whose first severe RSV infection occurred at 6–23 months compared to those whose first severe RSV infection occurred at 0–6 months. This provides new evidence for further assessment of the association and RSV intervention programs.

Published
2023

10. Corrigendum to ‘The burden of respiratory syncytial virus in children under 5 years of age in Norway’ [Journal of Infection Volume 84, Issue 2 (2022) Pages 205-215]

Author

Havdal, Lise Beier, primary, Bøås, Håkon, additional, Bekkevold, Terese, additional, Kran, Anne-Marte Bakken, additional, Rojahn, Astrid Elisabeth, additional, Størdal, Ketil, additional, Debes, Sara, additional, Døllner, Henrik, additional, Nordbø, Svein Arne, additional, Barstad, Bjørn, additional, Haarr, Elisebet, additional, Fernández, Liliana Vázquez, additional, Nakstad, Britt, additional, Inchley, Christopher, additional, and Flem, Elmira, additional

Published
2022
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11. Risk factors associated with severe disease in respiratory syncytial virus infected children under 5 years of age

Author

Havdal, Lise Beier, primary, Bøås, Håkon, additional, Bekkevold, Terese, additional, Bakken Kran, Anne-Marte, additional, Rojahn, Astrid Elisabeth, additional, Størdal, Ketil, additional, Debes, Sara, additional, Døllner, Henrik, additional, Nordbø, Svein Arne, additional, Barstad, Bjørn, additional, Haarr, Elisebet, additional, Fernández, Liliana Vázquez, additional, Nakstad, Britt, additional, Inchley, Christopher, additional, and Flem, Elmira, additional

Published
2022
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14. The burden of respiratory syncytial virus in children under 5 years of age in Norway

Author

Havdal, Lise Beier, primary, Bøås, Håkon, additional, Bekkevold, Terese, additional, Kran, Anne-Marte Bakken, additional, Rojahn, Astrid Elisabeth, additional, Størdal, Ketil, additional, Debes, Sara, additional, Døllner, Henrik, additional, Nordbø, Svein Arne, additional, Barstad, Bjørn, additional, Haarr, Elisebet, additional, Fernández, Liliana Vázquez, additional, Nakstad, Britt, additional, Inchley, Christopher, additional, and Flem, Elmira, additional

Published
2022
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15. Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospital Admissions in Children Younger Than 5 Years in 7 European Countries Using Routinely Collected Datasets

Author

Reeves, Rachel M, van Wijhe, Maarten, Tong, Sabine, Lehtonen, Toni, Stona, Luca, Teirlinck, Anne C, Fernandez, Liliana Vazquez, Li, You, Giaquinto, Carlo, Fischer, Thea Kølsen, Demont, Clarisse, Heikkinen, Terho, Speltra, Irene, van Boven, Michiel, Bøås, Håkon, Campbell, Harry, Nair, Harish, Simonsen, Lone, Trebbien, Ramona, Bangert, Mathieu, Teirlinck, Anne, van der Hoek, Wim, van der Maas, Nicoline, Meijer, Adam, Bøas, Håkon, Bekkevold, Terese, Flem, Elmira, Cheret, Arnaud, Leach, Amanda, Stoszek, Sonia, Beutels, Philippe, Bont, Louis, Pollard, Andrew, Openshaw, Peter, Abram, Michael, Swanson, Kena, Rosen, Brian, and Molero, Eva

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, hospital admissions, respiratory syncytial virus, 030106 microbiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Europe, RSV, national registry data, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Epidemiology, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, Respiratory Tract Infections, business.industry, Time trends, Vaccination, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Hospitals, 3. Good health, Pathogenic organism, Hospitalization, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunization, Child, Preschool, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Hospital admission, Female, business, Respiratory tract
Abstract

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract infection (RTI) in young children. Registries provide opportunities to explore RSV epidemiology and burden. Methods We explored routinely collected hospital data on RSV in children aged < 5 years in 7 European countries. We compare RSV-associated admission rates, age, seasonality, and time trends between countries. Results We found similar age distributions of RSV-associated hospital admissions in each country, with the highest burden in children Conclusions Our results demonstrate the benefits and limitations of using linked routinely collected data to explore epidemiology and burden of RSV. Our future work will use these data to generate estimates of RSV burden using time-series modelling methodology, to inform policymaking and regulatory decisions regarding RSV immunization strategy and monitor the impact of future vaccines.

Published
2020

16. Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Associated Hospital Admissions and Bed Days in Children <5 Years of Age in 7 European Countries

Author

Wang, Xin, Li, You, Vazquez Fernandez, Liliana, Teirlinck, Anne C, Lehtonen, Toni, van Wijhe, Maarten, Stona, Luca, Bangert, Mathieu, Reeves, Rachel M, Bøås, Håkon, van Boven, Michiel, Heikkinen, Terho, Klint Johannesen, Caroline, Baraldi, Eugenio, Donà, Daniele, Tong, Sabine, Campbell, Harry, Nair, Harish, Fischer, Thea Kølsen, Simonsen, Lone, Trebbien, Ramona, Johannesen, Caroline Klint, Demont, Clarisse, van der Hoek, Wim, van der Maas, Nicoline, Meijer, Adam, Fernandez, Liliana Vazquez, Bekkevold, Terese, Flem, Elmira, Speltra, Irene, Giaquinto, Carlo, Cheret, Arnaud, Leach, Amanda, Stoszek, Sonia, Beutels, Philippe, Bont, Louis, Pollard, Andrew, Openshaw, Peter, Abram, Michael, Swanson, Kena, Rosen, Brian, and Molero, Eva

Subjects
respiratory syncytial virus, Infant, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Length of Stay, birth month, Hospitals, bed days, Hospitalization, Europe, hospital admission, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Child, Respiratory Tract Infections
Abstract

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in young children. High-quality country-specific estimates of bed days and length of stay (LOS) show the population burden of RSV-RTI on secondary care services and the burden among patients, and can be used to inform RSV immunization implementation decisions. Methods We estimated the hospital burden of RSV-associated RTI (RSV-RTI) in children under 5 years in 7 European countries (Finland, Denmark, Norway, Scotland, England, the Netherlands, and Italy) using routinely collected hospital databases during 2001–2018. We described RSV-RTI admission rates during the first year of life by birth month and assessed their correlation with RSV seasonality in 5 of the countries (except for England and Italy). We estimated average annual numbers and rates of bed days for RSV-RTI and other-pathogen RTI, as well as the hospital LOS. Results We found that infants born 2 months before the peak month of RSV epidemics more frequently had the highest RSV-RTI hospital admission rate. RSV-RTI hospital episodes accounted for 9.9–21.2 bed days per 1000 children aged Conclusions RSV disease prevention therapies (monoclonal antibodies and maternal vaccines) for infants could help prevent a substantial number of bed days due to RSV-RTI. "High-risk" birth months should be considered when developing RSV immunization schedules. Variation in LOS between countries might reflect differences in hospital care practices.

Published
2022

20. Genetic diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in Norway before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in children

Author

Gibory, Moustafa, primary, Bruun, Tone, additional, Flem, Elmira, additional, Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn, additional, Haltbakk, Ildri, additional, Størdal, Ketil, additional, Nordbø, Svein Arne, additional, Jakobsen, Kirsti, additional, Haarr, Elisebet, additional, Leegaard, Truls Michael, additional, and Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen, additional

Published
2021
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21. Dynamic modeling of cost-effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination, Kazakhstan

Author

de Blasio, Birgitte Freiesleben, Flem, Elmira, Latipov, Renat, Kuatbaeva, Ajnagul, and Kristiansen, Ivar Sonbo

Subjects
Vaccination -- Health aspects -- Economic aspects -- Analysis, Gastroenteritis -- Health aspects -- Economic aspects -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide (1). Rotavirus vaccines Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium) and Rotateq (Merck & Co., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA) are [...]

Published
2014
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24. Incidence and severity of pertussis hospitalisations in infants aged less than 1 year in 37 hospitals of six EU/EEA countries, results of PERTINENT sentinel pilot surveillance system, December 2015 to December 2018

Author

Merdrignac, Lore, Aït El Belghiti, Fatima, Pandolfi, Elisabetta, Jané, Mireia, Murphy, Jane, Fabiánová, Kateřina, García Cenoz, Manuel, Flem, Elmira, Guillot, Sophie, Tozzi, Alberto E, Carmona, Gloria, Habington, Adele, Zavadilová, Jana, Navasués, Ana, Bøås, Håkon, Lévy-Brühl, Daniel, Ferretti, Beatrice, Lanaspa, Miguel, O’Sullivan, Niam, Křížová, Pavla, Fernandino, Leticia, Bekkevold, Terese, Hanslik, Thomas, Muñoz-Almagro, Carmen, Bacci, Sabrina, Spiteri, Gianfranco, Valenciano, Marta, Moren, Alain, Savulescu, Camelia, Blechová, Zuzana, Bláhová, Květa, Kosina, Pavel, Sýkora, Josef, Holčíková, Alena, Širůček, Petr, Grembombo, Adèle, Brisse, Sylvain, Toubiana, Julie, Cotter, Suzanne, Cunney, Robert, O’Shaughnessy, Norma, O’Sullivan, Niamh, Rizzo, Caterina, Russo, Luisa, Campagna, Ilaria, Gesualdo, Francesco, Ciampini, Sara, Annarosa Ferro, Valentina, Boccuzzi, Elena, Vazquez Fernandez, Liliana, Esteva, Cristina, Lanaspa Perez, Miguel, Acosta, Lesly, Jordan Garcia, Yolanda, Navascués, Ana, Fernandino Zubieta, Leticia, Castilla, Jesús, EpiConcept [Paris], Direction des maladies infectieuses - Infectious Diseases Division [Saint-Maurice], Santé publique France - French National Public Health Agency [Saint-Maurice, France], IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù [Roma], Public Health Agency of Catalonia [Barcelona, Spain] (PHAC), Temple Street Children's University Hospital [Dublin], National Institute of Public Health [Prague], Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra [Pamplona, Spain] (IdiSNA), Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Biodiversité et Epidémiologie des Bactéries pathogènes - Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin (OLCHC), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona, Spain], Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [Stockholm, Sweden] (ECDC), The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) funded the PERTINENT study (Framework contract n° ECDC/2015/017)., PERTINENT group : Epiconcept, France: Lore Merdrignac, Epiconcept, Camelia Savulescu, Epiconcept, Marta Valenciano, Epiconcept, Alain Moren, Epiconcept. Czech Republic: Pavla Křížová, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Kateřina Fabiánová, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Jana Zavadilová, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Zuzana Blechová, University Hospital Na Bulovce, Prague, Květa Bláhová, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Pavel Kosina, University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Josef Sýkora, University Hospital, Pilsen, Alena Holčíková, University Hospital, Brno, Petr Širůček, University Hospital, Ostrava. France: Daniel Lévy-Brühl, Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, Fatima Aït El Belghiti, Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, Adèle Grembombo, Santé Publique France, Saint-Maurice, Sophie Guillot, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Sylvain Brisse, Institut Pasteur, Paris, Julie Toubiana, Institut Pasteur, Paris. Ireland: Suzanne Cotter, HSE-Health Protection Surveillance Centre, Dublin, Jane Murphy, Temple Street Children’s University Hospital, Dublin, Robert Cunney, Temple Street Children’s University Hospital, Dublin, Norma O’Shaughnessy, Temple Street Children’s University Hospital, Dublin, Adele Habington, Our Lady’s Children’s hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Niamh O’Sullivan, Our Lady’s Children’s hospital Crumlin, Dublin. Italy: Elisabetta Pandolfi, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Alberto E Tozzi, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Caterina Rizzo, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Luisa Russo, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Ilaria Campagna, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Francesco Gesualdo, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Sara Ciampini, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Valentina Annarosa Ferro, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Elena Boccuzzi, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome. Norway: Elmira Flem, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Håkon Bøås, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Terese Bekkevold, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Liliana Vazquez Fernandez, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo. Catalonia, Spain: Carmen Muñoz-Almagro, Instituto de Recerca Pediatrica Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya and CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Cristina Esteva, Instituto de Recerca Pediatrica Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP, Miguel Lanaspa Perez, Instituto de Recerca Pediatrica Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Mireia Jané, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Gloria Carmona, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Lesly Acosta, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech (UPC), Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Yolanda Jordan Garcia, Instituto de Recerca Pediatrica Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health CIBERESP. Navarra, Spain: Manuel García Cenoz, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA – Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Ana Navascués, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Leticia Fernandino Zubieta, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA – Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Jesús Castilla, Instituto de Salud Pública de Navarra, IdiSNA - Navarre Institute for Health Research, Pamplona. Sentinelles, France: Thomas Hanslik, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP UMRS 1136), Paris. ECDC: Sabrina Bacci, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden, Gianfranco Spiteri, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ADBD - Anàlisi de Dades Complexes per a les Decisions Empresarials, Brisse, Sylvain, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Bordetella pertussis, Pediatrics, Whooping Cough, Epidemiology, Infants -- Salut i Higiene, Hospitals - Admission and discharge, Children -- Health and hygiene, Infants (Newborn), 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, pertussis incidence, 030212 general & internal medicine, Vacunació, Czech Republic, media_common, Pertussis Vaccine, Babies, Surveillance, biology, Norway, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), pertussis, Vaccination, Gestational age, Hospitals -- Ingressos i altes, Hospitals, 3. Good health, Europe, Hospitalization, Italy, Nodrissons, hospital surveillance, France, Niños -- Salud e higiene, medicine.medical_specialty, 030106 microbiology, Hospitales -- Admisión y alta, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Intensive care, medicine, Humans, media_common.cataloged_instance, Tos ferina, European Union, European union, Disease burden, Aged, Whooping cough, business.industry, Infants nadons -- Malalties, active surveillance, Infant, Newborn, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Vacunación, Infant, biology.organism_classification, Tosferina, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Lactantes, business, Ireland, Ciències de la salut [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC]
Abstract

Introduction PERTINENT is a pilot active surveillance system of infants hospitalised with pertussis in six European Union/European Economic Area countries (37 hospitals, seven sites). Aim This observational study aimed to estimate annual pertussis incidence per site from 2016 to 2018 and respective trends between 2017 and 2018. Pertussis cases were described, including their severity. Methods We developed a generic protocol and laboratory guidelines to harmonise practices across sites. Cases were hospitalised infants testing positive for Bordetella pertussis by PCR or culture. Sites collected demographic, clinical, laboratory data, vaccination status, and risk/protective factors. We estimated sites’ annual incidences by dividing case numbers by the catchment populations. Results From December 2015 to December 2018, we identified 469 cases (247 males; 53%). The median age, birthweight and gestational age were 2.5 months (range: 0–11.6; interquartile range (IQR): 2.5), 3,280 g (range: 700–4,925; IQR: 720) and 39 weeks (range: 25–42; IQR: 2), respectively. Thirty cases (6%) had atypical presentation either with cough or cyanosis only or with absence of pertussis-like symptoms. Of 330 cases with information, 83 (25%) were admitted to intensive care units including five deceased infants too young to be vaccinated. Incidence rate ratios between 2018 and 2017 were 1.43 in Czech Republic (p = 0.468), 0.25 in Catalonia (p = 0.002), 0.71 in France (p = 0.034), 0.14 in Ireland (p = 0.002), 0.63 in Italy (p = 0.053), 0.21 in Navarra (p = 0.148) and zero in Norway. Conclusions Incidence appeared to decrease between 2017 and 2018 in all but one site. Enhanced surveillance of hospitalised pertussis in Europe is essential to monitor pertussis epidemiology and disease burden.

Published
2021

30. Genetic diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in Norway before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination in children.

Author

Gibory, Moustafa, Bruun, Tone, Flem, Elmira, Dembinski, Jennifer Lynn, Haltbakk, Ildri, Størdal, Ketil, Nordbø, Svein Arne, Jakobsen, Kirsti, Haarr, Elisebet, Leegaard, Truls Michael, and Dudman, Susanne Gjeruldsen

Subjects
VACCINATION of children, ROTAVIRUS vaccines, GENETIC variation, ROTAVIRUSES, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay
Abstract

Globally, rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in young children under 5 years of age. Implementation of RV vaccination is expected to result in fewer cases of RV in the target population, but it is unknown if this also results in vaccine‐induced virus strain replacement. Rotarix, a monovalent vaccine based on G1P[8] RV, was introduced in Norway in the children's immunization program in September 2014. The main aim of this study was to describe the diversity of RV circulating pre and post introduction of the RV vaccine in Norway and investigate changes in genotype distribution during the first 4 years after implementation. A total of 1108 samples were collected from children under 5 years enrolled with AGE from five large hospitals in Norway and were analyzed for RV by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). All positive results were genotyped by multiplex semi‐nested reverse transcription PCR for identification of G and P types. In total, 487 of the 1108 (44%) samples, collected from the enrolled children, were positive for RV by EIA method which were further genotyped. G1P[8] was found to be the most common type of RV pre and post RV vaccine implementation followed by G9P[8]. There were neither geographical nor temporal differences in genotype dominance. Also, no apparent changes were shown in the genotype distribution in the postvaccine era for years from 2015 to 2018. In 21.4% of the cases, vaccine strains were detected. Continuous RV genotype surveillance is vital for assessing the effectiveness of a vaccine program and monitoring for any emergence of vaccine‐escape strains. Genotyping is also necessary to detect vaccine strains to avoid reporting false‐positive cases of active RV infection in newly vaccinated cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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31. Estimating Transmission Parameters for Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Predicting the Impact of Maternal and Pediatric Vaccination

Author

van Boven, Michiel, Teirlinck, Anne C, Meijer, Adam, Hooiveld, Mariëtte, van Dorp, Christiaan H, Reeves, Rachel M, Campbell, Harry, van der Hoek, Wim, Li, You, Nair, Harish, van Wijhe, Maarten, Kølsen Fischer, Thea, Simonsen, Lone, Trebbien, Ramona, Tong, Sabine, Gallichan, Scott, Bangert, Mathieu, Demont, Clarisse, Lehtonen, Toni, Heikkinen, Terho, Teirlinck, Anne, van der Maas, Nicoline, Fernandez, Liliana Vazquez, Bøas, Håkon, Bekkevold, Terese, Flem, Elmira, Stona, Luca, Speltra, Irene, Giaquinto, Carlo, Cheret, Arnaud, Leach, Amanda, Stoszek, Sonia, Beutels, Philippe, Bont, Louis, Pollard, Andrew, Openshaw, Peter, Abram, Michael, Swanson, Kena, Rosen, Brian, and Molero, Eva

Subjects
Adult, 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Supplement Articles, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, Child, Aged, Netherlands, Transmission (medicine), business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Vaccination, Immunity, Attendance, Infant, Respiratory infection, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, business, Basic reproduction number, Respiratory tract
Abstract

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of respiratory tract illness in young children and a major cause of hospital admissions globally. Methods Here we fit age-structured transmission models with immunity propagation to data from the Netherlands (2012–2017). Data included nationwide hospitalizations with confirmed RSV, general practitioner (GP) data on attendance for care from acute respiratory infection, and virological testing of acute respiratory infections at the GP. The transmission models, equipped with key parameter estimates, were used to predict the impact of maternal and pediatric vaccination. Results Estimates of the basic reproduction number were generally high (R0 > 10 in scenarios with high statistical support), while susceptibility was estimated to be low in nonelderly adults ( Conclusions Pediatric vaccination is expected to reduce the incidence of infection in infants and young children (0–5 years), slightly increase incidence in 5 to 9-year-old children, and have minor indirect benefits.

Published
2020
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32. Hospital Admission Trends for Bronchiolitis in Scotland, 2001–2016: A National Retrospective Observational Study

Author

Chung, Alexandria, Reeves, Rachel M, Nair, Harish, Campbell, Harry, Li, You, van Wijhe, Maarten, Fischer, Thea Kølsen, Simonsen, Lone, Trebbien, Ramona, Tong, Sabine, Bangert, Mathieu, Demont, Clarisse, Lehtonen, Toni, Heikkinen, Terho, Teirlinck, Anne, van Boven, Michiel, van der Hoek, Wim, van der Maas, Nicoline, Meijer, Adam, Fernandez, Liliana Vazquez, Bøas, Håkon, Bekkevold, Terese, Flem, Elmira, Stona, Luca, Speltra, Irene, Giaquinto, Carlo, Cheret, Arnaud, Leach, Amanda, Stoszek, Sonia, Beutels, Philippe, Bont, Louis, Pollard, Andrew, Openshaw, Peter, Abram, Michael, Swanson, Kena, Rosen, Brian, and Molero, Eva

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychological intervention, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Epidemiology, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomic status, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Hospitals, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, Clinical trial, Infectious Diseases, Scotland, Bronchiolitis, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human, Respiratory virus, Female, business
Abstract

Background Bronchiolitis is the commonest cause of respiratory related hospital admissions in young children. This study aimed to describe temporal trends in bronchiolitis admissions for children under 2 years of age in Scotland by patient characteristics, socioeconomic deprivation, and duration of admission. Methods The national hospital admissions database for Scotland was used to extract data on all bronchiolitis admissions (International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, code J21) in children Results Over the 15-year study period, admission rates for children under 2 years old increased 2.20-fold (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–3.6-fold) from 17.2 (15.9–18.5) to 37.7 (37.4–38.1) admissions per 1000 children per year. Admissions peaked in infants aged 1 month, and in those born in the 3 months preceding the peak bronchiolitis month—September, October, and November. Admissions from the most-deprived quintile had the highest overall rate of admission, at 40.5 per 1000 children per year (95% CI, 39.5–41.5) compared with the least-deprived quintile, at 23.0 admissions per 1000 children per year (22.1–23.9). The most-deprived quintile had the greatest increase in admissions over time, whereas the least-deprived quintile had the lowest increase. Zero-day admissions, defined as admission and discharge within the same calendar date, increased 5.3-fold (5.1–5.5) over the study period, with the highest increase in patients in the most-deprived quintile. Conclusions This study provides baseline epidemiological data to aid policy makers in the strategic planning of preventative interventions. With the majority of bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and several RSV vaccines and monoclonal antibodies currently in clinical trials, understanding national trends in bronchiolitis admissions is an important proxy for determining potential RSV vaccination strategies.

Published
2020
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34. Cost and health impact analysis of herpes zoster vaccination in Norway.

Author

Flem, Elmira, Graham, Jonathan, Yi, Zinan, Wisløff, Torbjørn, and Johnson, Kelly D.

Abstract

A decision analytic model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of a national vaccination program against herpes zoster in Norway. The model analyzed six vaccination scenarios that included the live-attenuated zoster vaccine under different target ages of vaccination (60, 65, and 70 years) compared with no vaccination. A catch-up program implemented in the first year of the vaccination was included in three of the scenarios. The model followed the population of Norway over a 40-year time horizon to estimate costs and outcomes associated with vaccination. Immunization costs, costs related to herpes zoster (both healthcare sector and non-healthcasre sector), the quality of life gains due to avoided cases of herpes zoster, and quality-of-life losses due to vaccine-related adverse events were estimated. A national vaccination program would result in reduction of the number of herpes zoster cases and decreased burden of illness. Vaccinating adults at 65 years of age with catch-up up to 70 years in the first year of the program was the most cost-effective strategy with the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained at NOK (Norwegian Krone) 245,459 from the societal perspective and NOK 248,637 from the health care system perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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42. Childhood intussusception in Uzbekistan: Analysis of retrospective surveillance data

Author

Flem Elmira, Khudoyorov Rajabboy, and Latipov Renat

Subjects
Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Abstract Background Estimates of baseline incidence of childhood intussusception could help safety monitoring after the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. We studied the incidence of intussusception in Uzbekistan, a GAVI-fund eligible state in Central Asia. Methods We retrospectively reviewed intussusception cases in children Results Over a 5-year study period, 67 confirmed cases were identified, of which 67% were boys. The median age was 12 months, and no seasonal trend in the distribution of cases was observed. The diagnostic methods used included abdominal radiography (87%) and ultrasonography (57%). Intussusception reduction by air enema was successful in 33 (49%) patients and 34 (50%) cases underwent surgery. A total of 4 deaths occurred, including 3 deaths in infants aged 0-6 months. The median length of hospital stay was 7.3 (range 0-37) days. The incidence of intussusception is estimated at 23 (95% CI 13.6-32.4) cases per 100,000 child-years, corresponding to approximately 237 cases annually. Conclusions This is the first study to estimate the incidence of childhood intussusception prior to the introduction of the rotavirus vaccination in Uzbekistan. A prospective surveillance system using a standardized case definition is needed in order to better examine the occurrence of intussusception in developing countries.

Published
2011
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45. Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: a modelling study

Author

Iuliano, A Danielle, primary, Roguski, Katherine M, additional, Chang, Howard H, additional, Muscatello, David J, additional, Palekar, Rakhee, additional, Tempia, Stefano, additional, Cohen, Cheryl, additional, Gran, Jon Michael, additional, Schanzer, Dena, additional, Cowling, Benjamin J, additional, Wu, Peng, additional, Kyncl, Jan, additional, Ang, Li Wei, additional, Park, Minah, additional, Redlberger-Fritz, Monika, additional, Yu, Hongjie, additional, Espenhain, Laura, additional, Krishnan, Anand, additional, Emukule, Gideon, additional, van Asten, Liselotte, additional, Pereira da Silva, Susana, additional, Aungkulanon, Suchunya, additional, Buchholz, Udo, additional, Widdowson, Marc-Alain, additional, Bresee, Joseph S, additional, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, additional, Cheng, Po-Yung, additional, Dawood, Fatimah, additional, Foppa, Ivo, additional, Olsen, Sonja, additional, Haber, Michael, additional, Jeffers, Caprichia, additional, MacIntyre, C Raina, additional, Newall, Anthony T, additional, Wood, James G, additional, Kundi, Michael, additional, Popow-Kraupp, Therese, additional, Ahmed, Makhdum, additional, Rahman, Mahmudur, additional, Marinho, Fatima, additional, Sotomayor Proschle, C Viviana, additional, Vergara Mallegas, Natalia, additional, Luzhao, Feng, additional, Sa, Li, additional, Barbosa-Ramírez, Juliana, additional, Sanchez, Diana Malo, additional, Gomez, Leandra Abarca, additional, Vargas, Xiomara Badilla, additional, Acosta Herrera, aBetsy, additional, Llanés, María Josefa, additional, Fischer, Thea Kølsen, additional, Krause, Tyra Grove, additional, Mølbak, Kåre, additional, Nielsen, Jens, additional, Trebbien, Ramona, additional, Bruno, Alfredo, additional, Ojeda, Jenny, additional, Ramos, Hector, additional, an der Heiden, Matthias, additional, del Carmen Castillo Signor, Leticia, additional, Serrano, Carlos Enrique, additional, Bhardwaj, Rohit, additional, Chadha, Mandeep, additional, Narayan, Venkatesh, additional, Kosen, Soewarta, additional, Bromberg, Michal, additional, Glatman-Freedman, Aharona, additional, Kaufman, Zalman, additional, Arima, Yuzo, additional, Oishi, Kazunori, additional, Chaves, Sandra, additional, Nyawanda, Bryan, additional, Al-Jarallah, Reem Abdullah, additional, Kuri-Morales, Pablo A, additional, Matus, Cuitláhuac Ruiz, additional, Corona, Maria Eugenia Jimenez, additional, Burmaa, Alexander, additional, Darmaa, Oyungerel, additional, Obtel, Majdouline, additional, Cherkaoui, Imad, additional, van den Wijngaard, Cees C, additional, van der Hoek, Wim, additional, Baker, Michael, additional, Bandaranayake, Don, additional, Bissielo, Ange, additional, Huang, Sue, additional, Lopez, Liza, additional, Newbern, Claire, additional, Flem, Elmira, additional, Grøneng, Gry M, additional, Hauge, Siri, additional, de Cosío, Federico G, additional, de Moltó, Yadira, additional, Castillo, Lourdes Moreno, additional, Cabello, Maria Agueda, additional, von Horoch, Marta, additional, Medina Osis, Jose, additional, Machado, Ausenda, additional, Nunes, Baltazar, additional, Rodrigues, Ana Paula, additional, Rodrigues, Emanuel, additional, Calomfirescu, Cristian, additional, Lupulescu, Emilia, additional, Popescu, Rodica, additional, Popovici, Odette, additional, Bogdanovic, Dragan, additional, Kostic, Marina, additional, Lazarevic, Konstansa, additional, Milosevic, Zoran, additional, Tiodorovic, Branislav, additional, Chen, Mark, additional, Cutter, Jeffery, additional, Lee, Vernon, additional, Lin, Raymond, additional, Ma, Stefan, additional, Cohen, Adam L, additional, Treurnicht, Florette, additional, Kim, Woo Joo, additional, Delgado-Sanz, Concha, additional, de mateo Ontañón, Salvador, additional, Larrauri, Amparo, additional, León, Inmaculada León, additional, Vallejo, Fernando, additional, Born, Rita, additional, Junker, Christoph, additional, Koch, Daniel, additional, Chuang, Jen-Hsiang, additional, Huang, Wan-Ting, additional, Kuo, Hung-Wei, additional, Tsai, Yi-Chen, additional, Bundhamcharoen, Kanitta, additional, Chittaganpitch, Malinee, additional, Green, Helen K, additional, Pebody, Richard, additional, Goñi, Natalia, additional, Chiparelli, Hector, additional, Brammer, Lynnette, additional, and Mustaquim, Desiree, additional

Published
2018
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46. Situasjonen for kikhoste blant barn under 1 år i Norge

Author

Aase, Audun, Bergsaker, Marianne A Riise, Einöder Moreno, Margot, Flem, Elmira, Greve-Isdahl, Margrethe, Nøkleby, Hanne Magdalene, Riise, Øystein Rolandsen, Rønning, Karin, Vestrheim, Didrik Frimann, Seterelv, Siri Schøyen, Storsæter, Jann, and Strand, Åse Marie Wikman

Published
2016

48. Estimation of the burden of varicella in Europe before the introduction of universal childhood immunization

Author

Riera-Montes, Margarita, primary, Bollaerts, Kaatje, additional, Heininger, Ulrich, additional, Hens, Niel, additional, Gabutti, Giovanni, additional, Gil, Angel, additional, Nozad, Bayad, additional, Mirinaviciute, Grazina, additional, Flem, Elmira, additional, Souverain, Audrey, additional, Verstraeten, Thomas, additional, and Hartwig, Susanne, additional

Published
2017
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