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Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objetivo] El objetivo fue determinar las propiedades farmacológicas y terapéuticas de la Annona muricata, como terapia alternativa o preventiva para el tratamiento del cáncer. [Métodos] Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en tres bases de datos (Scopus, Pubmed/MEDLINE y Web of Science) utilizando palabras claves y vocabularios controlados sobre Annona muricata, terapia alternativa o preventiva y tratamiento del cáncer, siguiendo la metodología de la declaración Prisma. Después de la búsqueda inicial, los estudios seleccionados se exportaron al gestor bibliográfico de referencias Mendeley. Para la extracción de los datos de los estudios incluidos, se utilizó el programa Excel, y se empleó un formulario referencial. [Resultados] Se seleccionaron diez estudios, los cuales evidenciaron el efecto farmacológico de los extractos de hojas de Annona muricata sobre las células cancerígenas diversas. Todos los estudios seleccionados correspondieron a ensayos in vitro/in vivo. Asimismo, los estudios demostraron la presencia de diversos compuestos bioactivos presentes en la Annona muricata, los cuales le confieren un poder citotóxico y anticancerígeno. [Conclusiones] Esta revisión sistemática demostró que la Annona muricata, es una planta de excelente potencial anticancerígeno y citotóxico, para ser utilizada como terapia alternativa o complementaria en diversos tipos de cáncer, debido a que presenta compuestos bioactivos, como acetogeninas, compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides, alcaloides, entre otros, cuyo efecto principal es la apoptosis de células cancerígenas. Sin embargo, se requieren de mayores análisis, principalmente de intervención, para probar su efectividad en beneficio de la salud humana.

Introduction: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is the fifth most important cereal in the world. Due to its chemical composition, it is recommended for human consumption, especially for people with celiac disease, as it does not contain gluten. Sorghum flours from the Agricultural Research Center of the Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” of Las Villas do not have physicochemical and technological studies for their use in human nutrition. Objective: To check that flours of sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench meet the physicochemical and technological requirements demanded for nutritional products. Materials and Methods: Densities (apparent, apparent by settling and real), porosity, particle size distribution analysis, fluidity and hygroscopicity were determined. The extracts were qualitatively evaluated by Thin Layer Chromatography and phytochemical screening. Results and Discussion: The densities of all flours coincided with what was described in the standard. The flours of cultivars 21 and 74 presented a more uniform distribution of particle size and a lower percentage of fine dust. Cultivars 19 and 20 were slightly hygroscopic. The following were identified in the aqueous and ethanolic extracts: coumarins, alkaloids, phenols, tannins and flavonoids. Chromatographic analysis revealed coumarins and flavonoids. Conclusions: Cultivar 21 was integrally the one with the best technological properties. Coumarins and flavonoids were identified in all cultivars using qualitative techniques. The results contribute to the certification of flours, according to international requirements and the Codex standard, for use in human nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poultry industry faces new challenges every day in production and productivity, with demands for a safer product free of residues of antibiotic growth promoters (APC), which leads to the search for other alternatives to the use of these compounds. One of the alternatives is the addition of garlic (Allium sativum) and onion (Allium cepa) extracts in broiler chickens. The allicin in garlic acts as a powerful antimicrobial, helping to control intestinal pathogens and reducing diseases. Quercetin from onions and other flavonoids also offer similar antimicrobial and antioxidant effects. Their inclusion in the diet of chickens improves the digestibility of nutrients, increases weight gains and reduces mortality. This article reviews theoretical assessments regarding the addition of garlic and onion extracts in the diet of broiler chickens. A systematic review was carried out and methods such as analytical - synthetic were required to find the main theoretical conceptions about the state of the art on the subject. In the different literatures cited, it is proven that the use of garlic and onion extracts has an influence on the improvement of productive and health parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina Naturista is the property of Sociedad Europea de Medicina Naturista Clasica (Seccion Espanola) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Under greenhouse conditions, the resistance of 18 different genotypes of flax to powdery mildew was evaluated. To investigate genetic diversity and identify the molecular and biochemical markers linked to powdery mildew resistance in the tested genotypes, two molecular marker systems—start codon targeted (SCoT) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR)—as well as a biochemical marker (protein profiles, antioxidant enzyme activity, and secondary metabolites) were used. Based on the results, the genotypes were classified into four categories: highly susceptible, susceptible, moderately susceptible, and moderately resistant. The genotypes differed significantly in powdery mildew severity: Polk had a severity of 92.03% and Leona had a severity of 18.10%. Compared to the other genotypes, the moderately resistant genotypes had higher levels of flavonoids, antioxidant enzymes, phenolics, and straw yield; nevertheless, their hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels were lower. Protein profiles revealed 93.75% polymorphism, although the ISSR marker displayed more polymorphism (78.4%) than the SCoT marker (59.7%). Specific molecular and biochemical markers associated with powdery mildew resistance were identified. The 18 genotypes of flax were divided into two major clusters by the dendrogram based on the combined data of molecular markers. The first main cluster included Leona (genotype number 7), considered moderate resistance to powdery mildew and a separate phenetic line. The second main cluster included the other 17 genotypes, which are grouped together in a sub-cluster. This means that, besides SCoT, ISSR markers can be a useful supplementary technique for molecular flax characterization and for identifying genetic associations between flax genotypes under powdery mildew infection.

RESUMO Aspidosperma australe e Aspidosperma cylindrocarpon são muito utilizadas na arborização do Campus Pampulha da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Contudo, a infestação por insetos galhadores compromete sensivelmente apenas o vigor de mudas recém-plantadas e de espécimes já adultos de A. australe. O estudo anatômico, histoquímico e a análise do perfil cromatográfico das folhas de A. australe e A. cylindrocarpon teve por objetivo avaliar caracteres morfológicos e químicos que possam constituir mecanismos de defesa, afetando a aceitabilidade e/ou a resistência dessas espécies a infestação pelo inseto galhador (Pseudophacopteron sp.). A análise estrutural permitiu caracterizá-las como espécies vegetais anatomicamente distintas, com diferenças relevantes observadas nos sistemas de revestimento e fundamental. As diferenças químicas relacionadas à produção de derivados fenólicos nas duas espécies sugerem estratégias de proteção contra a infestação pelo inseto galhador e por outros possíveis herbívoros em A. cylindrocarpon. Em A. australe, tanto as características anatômicas quanto as químicas denotam maior susceptibilidade ao ataque pelo Pseudophacopteron sp. e por todos os demais componentes da teia alimentar envolvidos nesta galha.

Introduction: Ethnomedicinal plants from the district of Huayucachi-Peru exhibit chemical components with the ability to inhibit gram-positive bacteria. Objectives: To evaluate the antibacterial effect of 9 hydroalcoholic extracts of ethnomedicinal plants from Huayucachi-Peru on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Methods: Experimental, in vitro and comparative study. Initial phytochemical screening of the extracts was performed. Ninety-nine Müller-Hinton agar plates (Merck®) were used, divided into 11 groups (n= 9): Group I (70 % ethanol), group II (ciprofloxacin 10 ug), group III to XI extracts of lemon verbena, borage, rabbit ear, red nettle, pimpernel, eucalyptus, lemon balm, tumbo serrano and asmachilca at 25 %, respectively. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used; the strains used were S. aureus ATCC 25923, S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and S. pyogenes ATCC 19615 and the inhibition halos were measured at 24 hours. Results: Phenolic and flavonoid compounds were detected in the phytochemical screening. Inhibition ranges of 12.725 ±0.0411 to 17.617 ±0.0405 mm were obtained for S. aureus; 13.017 ±0.0366 to 18.133 ±0.0432 for S. pneumoniae and 12.992 ±0.0336 to 17.550 ±0.0417 for S. pyogenes. Rabbit ear, red nettle and tumbo serrano extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity, against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes, respectively. Conclusions: The 9 hydroalcoholic extracts of ethnomedicinal plants demonstrate to have an effect on the bacteria under study and constitute a promising source of antibacterial chemical compounds.

Introduction: Flavonones show potential application in the treatment of skin disorders, whose performance may be improved by using lipid and polymeric nanocarriers. In this review, a recent approach regarding nanocarriers containing either naringin, naringenin, hesperidin or hesperitin for skin application are discussed. Method: This review approaches the publications from the last 6 years about nanosystems containing Citrus flavonones for cutaneous applications. The articles were selected by searching in Scopus database for nanosystem containing either hesperidin, hesperitin, naringin or naringenin for cutaneous application, research articles written in English and published between 2018 and 2023, and reporting about skin penetration or biological evaluation. Results: Majority of reports employed lipid systems as nanocarriers. Naringenin was the most used flavonone. In relation to skin benefits, improved wound healing, atopic dermatitis treatment and stress oxidative-related diseases are highlighted. Despite the probable benefits, the development of plant-based nanomedicines is complex, which imposes limitations on the development of new pharmaceutical products. Further, the potential of flavonoids in the treatment of skin cancer has been shown. Conclusions: Lipid, polymeric and nanohybrid carriers are employed to deliver flavanones. Due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, flavanones bear potential applications in the treatment of different skin disorders. Therefore, there is a promising application of flavanones to the improvement of human health, mainly with their loading into nanocarriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to determine the antiarthritic activity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Linum usitatissimum L. seeds in vitro, as well as the phytochemical screening and determination of the flavonoid and flavonol content in the extracts. Phytochemical analysis of Linum usitatissimum seeds revealed the presence of sterols, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, and alkaloids in the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts. The flavonoid contents were 06.91 ± 0.38 and 04.85 ± 0.05 mg QE/g extract for the hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts, respectively. For the flavonol assay, the contents are 04.53 ± 0.25 mg QE/g for the hydroalcoholic extract and 04.51 ± 0.03 mg QE/g for the aqueous extract. With the Bovin Serum Albumin (BSA) test, the aqueous extract showed the protective activity against BSA denaturation significantly (P < 0.05) the highest with an IC50 of 07.62 ± 1.56 mg/ml; on the other hand, the hydroalcoholic extract of Linum usitatissimum seeds is revealed significantly (P < 0.05) the most active with the egg albumin denaturation test whose IC50 recorded is 36.86 ± 2.72 mg/ml. From the results obtained, it was found that the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Linum usitatissimum seeds possess protective activity in vitro against protein denaturation, which plays a role in the training of inflammatory and arthritic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La sandía y melón son hortalizas básicas. El objetivo fue estudiar sus propiedades antioxidantes en distintas partes de los frutos e identificar el mejor método de extracción para obtener compuestos activos. La cuantificación de compuestos fenólicos totales (CFT), flavonoides totales (FVT) y actividad antioxidante total por ABTS y DPPH se realizó por técnicas espectrofotométricas. Para CFT se obtuvieron valores de 4.4 y 48.1 mg AGE g-1para cascara de sandía y pulpa de melón, respectivamente. El FVT fue de 157 y 213 mg QE g-1 para las semillas de sandía y melón. La técnica de ABTS osciló entre 26147.6 para pulpa de melón y 9302.3 μM Trolox g-1 para cascara de sandía. Por DPPH la mayor actividad antioxidante fue en pulpa de melón (18989.5 μM Trolox g-1). El método de extracción más eficiente fue con muestras sometidas a calor destacando la extracción de semillas de sandía por su alto contenido antioxidante.

Se evaluó el efecto de inhibidores naturales y sintéticos de la enzima aromatasa sobre el crecimiento, supervivencia y masculinización en crías de tilapia del Nilo. Cinco flavonoides: crisina (CRI), 7-hidroxiflavona (7-HF), apigenina (NA), naringenina (NAR) y 7-metoxiflavona (7-MF) a 1 000, 1 500 y 2 000 mg kg-1; un compuesto no esteroideo: letrozol (LT) a 50, 100 y 200 mg kg-1 y dos esteroides sintéticos: exemestano (EXE) a 1 000, 1 500 y 2 000 mg kg-1 y 17 α-metiltestosterona (MT) a 60 mg kg-1 (C+) y un control negativo libre de compuestos (C-). Cada tratamiento se realizó por triplicado con n= 30 peces por réplica (0.012 ± 0.01 g) en tanques cilíndricos (6 L) con flujo continuo a 28°C. Los grupos 7-HF a 1 000 y 2 000 mg kg-1 presentaron el crecimiento específico significativamente mayor (16.08 ± 0.63% y 8.38 ± 2.11%, respectivamente). La supervivencia fue de 100%, excepto: 7-HF 2000 mg kg-1, NA 1 500 mg kg-1, 7-MF a 1 500 mg kg-1 y EXE 1 500 y 2 000 mg kg-1, con 80 y 90%. El porcentaje de machos en MT, EXE y LT fue 100%, pero los tratamientos con flavonoides fueron muy variables, pero incrementando de un 57% de machos en el C-, de 71 a 86%, para CRI 2000, 7-HI 1 500, y todos los niveles de inclusión de los tratamientos 7-MET, NA y NAR.Se espera continuar la evaluación para establecer la concentración de inhibidores naturales que sea más cercana a 100% de machos.

Introdução: A quercetina é o flavonoide mais utilizado no tratamento de várias doenças, exibindo propriedades antioxidantes, anti-inflamatórias, cardiovasculares, anticancerígenas e de proteção gástrica (Grande et al., 2016). A quercetina pode ser encontrada em várias frutas, vegetais e plantas, e a validação de métodos analíticos para quantificar a quercetina nas mais variadas matrizes é crucial (Singh et al., 2021). Objetivos: O principal objetivo desta revisão é identificar os métodos analíticos validados para a quantificação da quercetina extraída de produtos de origem natural e caraterizar a sensibilidade dos métodos desenvolvidos. Material e Métodos: Pesquisou-se na PubMed por estudos originais que apresentassem validação de métodos para quantificar a quercetina a partir de produtos naturais. Foram consideradas publicações entre 2018 e 2022, em inglês. Tal como previamente recomendado, o risco de viés foi avaliado considerando: estabelecimento de critérios para aceitação de desempenho (A); comparação com método utilizando padrão de referência (B); apresentação do gráfico x-y dos dados (C); consideração do gráfico e estatísticas de diferenças (D); consideração da análise de regressão (E); realização de ensaios de interferência (F), linearidade (G) e recuperação (H) (Johnson, 2008). Os estudos foram analisados com base na origem da fonte vegetal, método cromatográfico e parâmetros de validação (exatidão, sensibilidade, precisão). Resultados: Foram incluídos 17 estudos e as plantas medicinais foram a fonte de quercetina mais frequentemente analisada. A espetrometria de massa foi o método de deteção mais utilizado, tendo também apresentado maior sensibilidade do que os métodos espectrofotométricos. O modo de eluição em gradiente e a análise de múltiplos analitos foram recorrentes. Após a análise do viés, todos os estudos incluídos apresentaram cumprimento igual ou superior a quatro dos oito parâmetros. Os parâmetros B e E foram únicos cumpridos em todos os estudos e nenhum estudo cumpriu o parâmetro D. Conclusões: Para além de incluir estudos que foram validados em termos de sensibilidade, precisão e exatidão, concluiu-se que todos os estudos cumpriram, pelo menos, metade dos critérios de avaliação de viés considerados. Esta revisão fornece uma visão geral dos métodos validados, facilitando a adaptação do método mais conveniente para analisar o conteúdo em quercetina, em função das condições existentes.

Introducción. En México, el 85 % de las siembras son maíces blancos, el 10 % amarillo blanco y el 5 % de otros colores. Hay estudios bioquímicos de maíces nativos pigmentados, pero poca información en maíces mejorados en color. Objetivo. Evaluar el contenido de fitoquimicos y capacidad antimicrobiana de dos híbridos de maíz pigmentado cultivados en el Tecnológico Nacional de México-Valle del Yaqui. Materiales y métodos. En los híbridos de maíz de color rojo y de color morado se realizó la extracción de biocompuestos a partir de una porción del maíz cultivado en el sur de Sonora, México, durante el ciclo verano-invierno 2020. Se utilizó una solución de etanol, ácido acético y agua en una proporción de treinta partes. La composición proximal, contenido de antocianinas, polifenoles y flavonoides se determinaron mediante métodos estandarizados. La capacidad antioxidante se evaluó mediante las metodologías ABTS (2,2'–azino–bis–(3–ethylbenzothiazoline–6–sulphonic acid)) y DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo). Además, se determinó la capacidad antimicrobiana y la concentración mínima inhibitoria. Resultados. El maíz morado presentó mayor contenido de antocianinas (340,98±5,21 mg/100 g) y polifenoles (173,68±24,23 mg de ácido gálico/100 g), en comparación con el maíz rojo. Los flavonoides son más abundantes en el maíz morado (575,10±27,88 mg de quercetina/100 g). Ambos híbridos de maíz exhibieron una capacidad antioxidante superior al 50 % frente a los radicales ABTS y DPPH. Respecto a la actividad antimicrobiana, se observó mayor inhibición para Escherichia coli y Salmonella (18 % y 47 %), y menor para Staphylococcus aureus y Shigella (19 % y 34 %) en comparación con la gentamicina. Conclusión. El maíz morado mostró mayor contenido de antocianinas, polifenoles y flavonoides. Ambos híbridos tuvieron mas del 50 % de capacidad antioxidante. La actividad antimicrobiana fue mayor contra E. coli y Salmonella, pero menor contra S. aureus y Shigella.

The genus Passiflora accounts for 17% of global flavonoid production, and several strategies have been explored to increase their production in these plants, given the growing demand for these metabolites. The aim of this study is to examine the published literature on the correlation between flavonoid concentrations in Passiflora genus leaves and factors such as microorganism presence, soil fertility, fertilizer use, soil conditioners, agronomic practices, weather patterns, and plant phenology. The search was conducted across nine databases. Web of Science, Nature, Agris, Dialnet, SciELO, Science Database-ProQuest, Scopus (Elsevier), Springer, and EBSCOhost and two search engines: Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar, obtaining 19 indexed articles. The results indicate that treatments incorporating a single biotic or abiotic factor in the crop lead to a 380% increase in the production of flavonoids at the leaf level, while the combination of different biotic and abiotic factors leads to a 491% increase in the production of this group of metabolites at the leaf level. It is essential to assess the integrated agronomic management of Passiflora sp. to increase the concentration of these metabolites in the leaves of productive branches with fully ripened fruits ready for harvest (BBCH code 89), without losing the possibility of using the current main product of the crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Portuguesa de Ciências do Desporto is the property of Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Desporto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El género Passiflora aporta el 17% a la producción mundial de flavonoides, por lo cual, dada la creciente demanda de dichos metabolitos, se han estudiado diversas estrategias para aumentar su producción en estas plantas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la información publicada sobre la relación del contenido de flavonoides en hojas de plantas del género Passiflora, la presencia de microorganismos, la fertilidad del suelo, el uso de abonos y acondicionadores edáficos, el manejo agronómico, factores climáticos y el estado fenológico de la planta. La búsqueda se realizó en nueve bases de datos: Web of Science, Nature, Agris, Dialnet, Scielo, Science Database-ProQuest, Scopus (Elsevier), Springer y EBSCOhost y dos motores de búsqueda: Google Académico y Semantic Scholar, obteniendo 19 artículos indexados. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los tratamientos que incluyen un solo factor biótico o abiótico en el cultivo aumentan la producción de flavonoides a nivel foliar hasta un 380%, mientras que la combinación de diferentes factores bióticos y abióticos aumentan la producción de este grupo de metabolitos hasta en un 491% a nivel foliar. Es entonces necesario evaluar el manejo agronómico integral del cultivo de Passiflora sp. para incrementar la concentración de estos metabolitos en hojas de ramas productivas con frutos en maduración plena listos para recolección (código BBCH 89), sin perder la posibilidad de uso del producto principal actual del cultivo, los frutos.

Big chili has the largest fruit size compared to other types of chili. In addition to having a spicy taste, big chilies contain other beneficial biochemicals such as phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidants, and α-glucosidase inhibitors that have the potential to be developed for functional tropical plants. Information on the content is still not widely found. Therefore, this study identified biochemical compounds (TPC, TFC, DPPH, FRAP, AGI) in several genotypes of big chili peppers. From October to November 2021, we conducted a study using the microplate reader method. We repeated the experiment three times. The research design used was a completely randomized design with a single factor genotype. A total of 22 genotypes of big chili were used in this study. The big chili genotype F6074136-2-3-2-3 had the highest content of α-glucosidase inhibitor and antioxidant FRAP compared to other genotypes 67.62% and 71.20 mol TE/g extract. The genotypes CK 12 and F6074077-1-1-3-1 indicated the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents. The correlation between biochemical parameters showed that TPC-AGI and TPC-DPPH were significantly negatively correlated. The conclusion is that the information in this study can be the basis for the development of functional tropical plants in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioactive compounds have received increased attention for their use as preservatives and dyes in food by replacing synthetic antioxidants and they are also involved in prevention humans against diverse chronic diseases. Among the sources of these antioxidants, safflower (Carthamustinctorius L.), a medicinal plant cultivated in the Northeastern Sahara of Algeria for its interests as a nutritional and medicinal product. Through this research, we investigated the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic extract of safflower flowers. The extracts were prepared by macerating the flower powder in 70% ethanol. Analysis of total polyphenols was performed by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, flavonoids by aluminum trichloride and tannins condensed by vanillin. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the phosphomolybdate and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) tests. The total polyphenols content was 22.55±0.67 mg of gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight, flavonoids was 96.70±5.14 mg of rutin equivalent/g dry weight and condensed tannins was 8.50±0.49 mg of catechin equivalent/g dry weight. The extract showed a good antioxidant potential of 25.69±1.83 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry weight and that it has a considerable and dose-dependent scavenging ability to reduce ABTS, with a 50% inhibition concentration of 19.64±0.07 μg/mL. This research reveals the potential of C. tinctoriusflorets for its further applications as natural sources of bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of sustainable development and enhancement of natural resources (forest species),our study focused on the quantification of the contents of total phenols,flavonoids and condensed tannins of hydro-methanolic extracts of needles, cones and seeds of green cypress (Cupressussempervirens) from the Terni Mont Tlemcen region. The evaluation of the antiradical power against DPPHwas also considered. The results showed significant yields of 18.78% for the cone extract. The seed extract revealed a high content of total phenols in the order of 546.48±2.52 mg equivalent of gallic acid (GAE/g of dry extract (SE) and high contents of flavonoids (155.67±4.96 mg quercetin equivalents/g ES) and in condensed tannins (53.36±6.6 mg catechin equivalents/g ES) compared to the needle and cone extracts. Regarding the antioxidant power, the three extracts have a strong anti-free radical activity at 4 mg/ml, the inhibition percentages of which are 96.31±0.47% for the needle extract. 96.25±0.21% for the seed extract and 93.16±0.1% for the cone extract. These data constitute a natural source of antioxidant agents which remain to be exploited for future use in the fields of food and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of gamma irradiation and pasteurization on the stability of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity during storage of jussara pulp were investigated. Jussara pulp was divided into 6 portions: control (no treatment), irradiated pulp (2, 4, 6, 8 kGy) and pasteurized pulp (92 °C/1 minute). Portions were stored at 4°C for 60 days. The phenolic extract was prepared with a solution of methanol/water/formic acid. The following analyses were performed every 15 days: contents of total phenolic compounds by Folin-Ciocauteau, cyanidin-3-glycoside and cyanidin-3-rutiniside by HPLC and antioxidant capacity (ABTS and DPPH). Total phenolics and anthocyanins decreased with the increasing irradiation dose and storage time. Pasteurization did not affect the phenolic concentration immediately after processing. However, the contents of TPC and cyanidin-3-rutiniside were reduced during storage of the pasteurized pulp. No processed samples presented characteristics similar to the control at the end of storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Pain is an uncomfortable sensation in the body. Kaempferol is a flavonoid with antinociceptive effects. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels have been characterized in the sensory system.

Copyright of Universitas Scientiarum is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La hesperidina es un flavonoide derivado de los cítricos con usos potenciales en la alimentación animal. Se investigaron los efectos de la suplementación con hesperidina en dietas para codorniz japonesa (Codornix codornix japonica) sobre la química sanguínea, los niveles de enzimas antioxidantes en ciertos tejidos, la histomorfología intestinal y la microflora fecal. Se llevó a cabo un ensayo de alimentación durante 35 días utilizando 300 codornices. Se dividieron en tres tratamientos según la dieta administrada: Control (0 g de hesperidina/kg de alimento); HES1 (1 g de hesperidina/kg de alimento); y HES2 (2 g de hesperidina/kg de alimento). En cada tratamiento se llevaron a cabo cinco réplicas de veinte animales cada una. Al final del periodo de estudio, se tomaron muestras de heces, sangre, hígado y tejido muscular del muslo. En sangre, la alanina transaminasa (ALT) y la lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH) fueron más bajas en HES1 que en el Control, pero aumentaron en HES2 (P

Objetivos. Evaluar cambios bioqúimicos y biomecánicos en dentina desmineralizada inducidos por el tratamiento con miricetina (MYR) como agente de biomodificación dentinal. Métodos. Previo aval del comité de ética, se obtuvieron discos de dentina coronal media de molares humanos (n=15), fueron acondicionados con ácido fosfórico al 10 % durante 5 h. Se distribuyeron aleatoriamente y tratados con etanol (EtOH) al 100 %; clorhexidina (CHX) al 0.2 %, glutaraldehido (GA) al 1 %; proantocianidina (PAC) al 6.5 % y MYR 600 µM. Discos de dentina mineralizada no tratada (DM) y dentina desmineralizada (DD) fueron utilizados como grupos control. El potencial de biomodificación se analizó por espectroscopia micro-Raman y el ensayo de hidroxiprolina. Se obtuvieron microbarras de dentina (n=90; 1x1x8 mm) y se sometieron a la prueba de resistencia microtensil (μTS). Los datos se analizaron mediante prueba Shapiro-Willk, ANOVA y post hoc de Tukey (α=0.05). Resultados. Se evidenció el aumento en los picos Raman de Amida II, respeto a Amida I; la proporción Amida I/Amida II confirmó que MYR, PAC y GA presentan un efecto reticulante sobre DD. MYR demostró una disminución de la solubilidad del colágeno (10.47±2.82 mg/mL) al igual que GA (8.84±4.60 mg/mL) y PAC (12.47±4.57 mg/mL) (p=0.073). La dentina tratada con MYR mostró los valores más altos de μTS (30.58±1.78 MPa) y módulo elástico (E) (123.9±25.04 MPa). Conclusiones. MYR se presenta como un novedoso agente natural de biomodificación dentinal ya que demostró efecto reticulante, disminuyó solubilización de colágeno y mejora propiedades mecánicas de la matriz extracelular dentinal.

Introducción. En el mundo hay interés en la determinación del contenido de sustancias antioxidantes de origen vegetal y la relación de las fases fenológicas de la planta con la producción de metabolitos secundarios. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de las fases fenológicas en el contenido de sustancias antioxidantes de guayabo (Psidium guajava L.). Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó una muestra poblacional del 10 % de plantas de guayabo del banco de germoplasma del CESID-Frutícola y Apícola-CORPOZULIA, ubicado en el municipio Mara, estado Zulia, Venezuela. Se determinó el contenido de fenoles totales (FeT), flavonoides totales (FlT) y la capacidad antioxidante (CA) en muestras de hojas secas en las diferentes fases fenológicas de la planta, registradas de octubre de 2012 a septiembre de 2013. La extracción de los FeT se realizó mediante ultrasonido con 0,5 g de muestra seca y una mezcla metanol: agua (80:20 % v/v). Para la cuantificación por espectrofotometría de absorción UV-VIS, se utilizó como estándar ácido gálico para FeT y catequina para FlT. La CA se determinó por el catión-radical ABTS▪+. Se utilizaron estadísticas no paramétricas mediante el programa estadístico SPSS. Resultados. En las plantas de guayabo ocurrieron las tres fases fenológicas (floración, fructificación, brotación vegetativa), prevaleció la reproductiva con un 38,99 % de flores y frutos; con mayor presencia media de brotes vegetativos durante la época de precipitación y la alternancia entre la producción de flores y frutos. Se observó variabilidad intrapoblacional en el contenido de sustancias antioxidantes, el contenido de FeT, en comparación con la CA y los FlT, fue mayor en fructificación y en ausencia de precipitación. Conclusión. Las fases fenológicas tuvieron efecto en el contenido de sustancias antioxidantes de guayabo. La fase de fructificación presentó el mayor contenido de fenoles totales. Los contenidos de fenoles y flavonoides totales presentaron relación con la capacidad antioxidante.

Hyperlipidemia is one of the major risk factors contributing to the severity of cardiovascular disease. Treatment of hyperlipidemia involves diet control and the use of lipid-lowering drugs. However, some patients cannot tolerate the side effects of these drugs, so modern medicine is turning to traditional medicine in search of new therapeutic agents. The objective of this study is the determination of the effect of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of Thymus vulgaris L. administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight on the lipid profile — total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very lowdensity lipoproteins (VLDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) — of mice on a high cholesterol diet. Determination of lipid parameters after 30 days of treatment showed a significant decrease in the level of TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL with a non-significant increase in HDL level. These results demonstrated that Thymus vulgaris extracts have hypolipidic activity and could be used for the prevention of disorders associated with hyperlipidemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to evaluate the antiinflammatory power of the various crude extracts (aqueous, hydro-methanolic, hydro-acetonic) obtained after maceration of the powders of the fruit peel of Punica granatum. For this very specific purpose, a quantitative phytochemical analysis as well as a cytotoxicity study of the extracts have been shown to be necessary. The results obtained showed a significant extraction yield estimated at 40% for the water/acetone extract. The determination of the total polyphenols and flavonoids revealed values of the order of 29.91 mg EAG/g and 1.515 mg EC/g, respectively, in the water/methanol extract, and the content is higher than the other extracts tested. The toxicity analysis, carried out using the in vitro spectrophotometric method, made it possible to ensure that our three extracts of the fruit peel of Punica granatum L. have a very low level of toxicity, which is considered harmless compared to diclofenac. These results allowed us to safely begin the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of our three prepared extracts. The results obtained show that our three extracts have significant anti-inflammatory capacities ranging from 90 to 100% and are comparable to the protective effect of the reference molecule, namely diclofenac. This investigation led to the conclusion that our various extracts of the fruit peel of Punica granatum have a significant capacity to fight inflammation by preventing lysis of the lysosomal membrane. This capacity varies depending on the extraction solvent and the concentration of extract used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae), commonly known as bitter orange, has multiple therapeutic potentials. An experimental qualitative study was carried out with the objective of knowing the characteristics of the consumption of C. aurantium (CA) in the Tabasco population. To validate its use, an ethanolic extract (85 %) was prepared from the dry CA leaves and phytochemical screening was performed, with subsequent quantification of the content of total phenols and flavonoids. Subsequently, antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH assay and acute toxicity with Artemia salina. The most used parts of the plant are the leaves to relieve muscle pain, cold symptoms. In the phytochemical study it was found that the extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones and tannins. In the thin layer chromatography of the hydroalcoholic extract, the presence of naringin was demonstrated. A total phenol content of 69.42 ± 3.47 EAG/g DM and total flavonoids of 14.78 ± 0.28 EQ/g DM were obtained. It contains antioxidant activity of 9240 ± nmol TEAC/gMS and the acute toxicity test showed moderate toxicity. The results show that the 85% ethanolic extract contains phenolic compounds and flavonoids, allowing to sustain the medicinal and pharmacological properties conferred to the plant in the state of Tabasco. Conclusions: this study showed the existence of phenols and flavonoids, the antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic extracts from C. aurantium leaves and their moderate toxicity against Artemia salina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cleome gynandra L. is a food plant very prized. Its cooking consists of boiling its leafy stems and discard the cooking water despite the presence of phytoconstituents that can be used in biopesticide applications. To assess phytochemical profile variation according to the growth state, its leafy stems were harvested at different periods of cultivation (30, 45 and 60 days after sowing). Aqueous decoctions and hydroalcoholic macerations were then performed. The phytoconstituents analysis consisted of the determination of total flavonoids and polyphenols contents, scavenging activity and qualitative analysis using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that extracts from 30-day-old plants contained more phytoconstituents than those from older plants . The 30-day ethanolic extract presented the highest content of total flavonoids with a value of 25.68 milligram quercetin equivalent pe r gram of dry extract. The acid hydrolysis of this ethanolic extract, allowed to detect by TLC analysis, rutin as the major flavonoid. For an exploitation of the specie Cleome gynandra L. for its polyphenols, the recommended harvest period is 30 days after sowing or before flowering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed at extracting and quantifying phenolic compounds from Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Zingiber officinale Roscoe, then subjecting them, in vitro, to screening based on their richness in polyphenols, flavonoids, and their antioxidant potential. The extraction of phenolic compounds was performed by maceration in absolute methanol. The quantification of polyphenols and flavonoids from two extracts was performed using colorimetric techniques; the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the aluminum trichloride. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity was performed by three methods: FRAP, DPPH-radical scavenging, and H2O2 neutralization. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. In addition, the anti-bacterial activity, using the agar diffusion and incorporation methods, was tested on four bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 2592, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33862). The results showed that the methanolic extract from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (MEC) was richer in polyphenols than the methanolic extract of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (MEG). A strong antioxidant capacity was observed and highly significant with MEC compared to MEG for the three techniques used, the FRAP test (EC50 = 108.56 ± 4.18 μg/ml versus 310.07 ± 6.94 μg/ml respectively). The IC50 of DPPH-radical (5.27 ± 0.11 μg/ml versus 22.50 ± 0.45 μg/ml). Therefore, a highly significant inhibition potential of lipid peroxidation was obtained with MEC compared to MEG with MDA levels (57.68 ± 1.64 and 63.02 ± 2.95 μmol/g tissue), respectively. EMC has a strong antibacterial effect against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cinnamon exerts powerful biological activities compared to ginger; this ability could be due to the high content of phe)nolic compounds in the bark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work was to determine the anti-inflammatory activity (in vivo) using the method of the edema inflammation caused by the injection of carrageenan of the aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts prepared from Thymus vulgaris L., Olea europaea L. and Pistacia lentiscus L. leaves as well as the phytochemical screening of these extracts. The extracts of the plants tested showed in vivo an activity against the inflammation induced by the injection of carrageenan with percentages of inflammation inhibition ranging up to 86.88 ± 5.03% with the hydro-alcoholic extract of Thymus vulgaris leaves. In light of these results, we suggest the use of these plants or their components in the prevention of several pathologies including gastric inflammatory diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]