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El objetivo general es contribuir a una mirada panorámica del fenómeno de la medicalización del TDAH en Argentina, y a las discusiones acerca de la diseminación de saberes sobre la infancia. El análisis se enmarca en estudios sobre la transformación y expansión de la medicalización en el siglo XXI, y se abordan los procesos de diagnóstico y tratamiento del TDAH. El artículo presenta datos de 1) producción y consumo mundial de metilfenidato, y datos de Argentina de 2) importación de metilfenidato como monodroga (2003-2016); 3) envases dispensados de atomoxetina y metilfenidato (2005-2010 y 2012-2016). Estos datos se triangulan con fuentes cualitativas: 84 entrevistas semiestructuradas, individuales y grupales, entre 2007 y 2017, a profesionales de la salud con actividad clínica, docente y de investigación de Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Tierra del Fuego, Corrientes y Salta. Se describen y analizan tendencias argentinas consonantes y disonantes con estos procesos a nivel mundial.

El tema desarrollado en este escrito se basa en la indagación en la accesibilidad y derechos humanos en Salud Mental. La profundización en el conocimiento sobre la trayectoria de acceso a la atención de los padecimientos mentales desde diversos efectores generales puede contribuir a generar aportes innovadores que pueden ser orientadores en el diseño de políticas públicas. OBJETIVO: Analizar la trayectoria de accesibilidad en salud mental en los efectores generales de salud del subsector público, estudiando los casos de las provincias de Santa Fe y Tierra del Fuego (Argentina) en el marco de los dispositivos alternativos y/o sustitutivos del modelo asilar. MÉTODOS: Diseño cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo-analítico y de corte transversal, con una muestra no probabilística de carácter intencional. RESULTADOS: Con diferencias, las dos provincias analizadas se encuentran consolidando espacios alternativos y sustitutivos al manicomio. La presencia física del hospital monovalente (así esté situado dentro de la jurisdicción o fuera de su territorio) genera trayectorias que aún lo ubican como un efector más en el engranaje de la asistencia. El hospital general sigue generando resistencias para adecuar su dinámica institucional al abordaje de problemáticas vinculadas al padecimiento mental y a situaciones de vida complejas. CONCLUSIÓN: La atención primaria de la salud es un espacio privilegiado para fortalecer trayectorias de acceso con base en los derechos de los usuarios de los servicios de salud mental.

There are forms of severe suffering in contemporary life that are not accommodated within the mechanisms offered by the mental health care system or that are not described on diagnostics handbooks, which need an appropriate response. This paper deals with the development of a community mental health program that provided care to children and teenagers with severe mental disorders and with a significant subjective suffering in the City of Buenos Aires from 2006 until the beginning of 2012. Pursuant to international standards in force in terms of mental health and human rights, this community, collective and territorial mental health practice suggested an inter-discipline and cross-sector approach that took into consideration the multi-dimension of social health determiners to provide comprehensive care. In order to offer a reply to fragmentation and the repeated traumas to which a large number of these children and teenagers have been exposed to, the program designed individual clinical-community strategies for each child or teenager, based on a network of continuous and reliable institutional supports. Conceived from a psychoanalytical approach, this praxis intended to benefit subjectification processes and the building of social bonds aiming at preventing the growing trends of administering medication and admitting children and teenagers as patients in mental health facilities.

The purpose of the following paper is to present an experience which links the production of knowledge resulting from academic research, with the transmission of said knowledge to the health system -with specific reference to mental health- by means of the implementation of the Community Assistance Programme for Children and/or Adolescents within the City of Buenos Aires. This programme is aimed at children and adolescents afflicted with severe psychological suffering, who consult the Mental Health Services in the public subsector of the City of Buenos Aires. It is the product of clinical institutional experience and of diverse investigations in health systems and services which showed a significant increase in the amount of consultations of children with severe and or complex mental health problems and which brought to light the lack of adequate sanitary response for these children by said sector. Based on the analysis and evaluation of the difficulties and obstacles in the functioning of the system a scheme was devised and implemented which aimed -from its beginning- to favour the possibilities of subjective constitution and integration into the community of these children and adolescents with severe mental deficiencies. By means of an interdisciplinary work consisting in the permanent training of human resources and the setup of intra and intersectional networks, it aims at facilitating accessibility and improving equality of opportunity, thus attempting to guarantee the right to a full protection of the health of children and adolescents.

This work considers, from a collective health perspective, some important aspects about the epidemiology related to the Mental Health. After an intensive screening of the existing statistical records regarding mental health in public and official Health Departments in the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, we found only little amount of data. In order to show the importance of epidemiology as a fundamental tool to design mental health politics we think that it is necessary to know the existing statistical records about this issue and to reflect about them.

Este artículo explora procesos de medicación incluso medicamentosa en la infancia, utilizando como analizador el Trastorno del Déficit de Atención con o sin Hiper- actividad (TDA/H). Se presentan los resultados de un estudio cualitativo realizado por un equipo interdisciplinario durante 2008 en cuatro jurisdicciones argentinas: Región Metropolitana de Buenos Aires , Corrientes, Salta y Tierra del Fueg. Se exploran los discursos del discursos campo médico - pediatras, psiquiatras infanto- juveniles y neurólogos infantiles - en torno de la construcción diagnóstica del TDH/A y su planteamiento terapéutica en los sistemas públicos y en el privado. De modo complementario se indaga acerca de los mecanismos de marketing de la industria farmacéutica. A través de la construcción de diagnóstico TDA/H es posible observar como determinadas conductas y/o situaciones que antes no eran medicadas hoy forman parte del tratamiento médico, cuyo principal énfasis se encuentra en la prescripción de fármacos como terapéutica. This paper explores at the processes of medicalization and medicinalization of childhood, using attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADD/H) as the analyzer. The results from a qualitative study carried out by an interdisciplinary team during 2008 in four Argentine jurisdictions (Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area, Corrientes, Salta and Tierra del Fuego) are presented. Discourse from the field of medicine (pediatricians, childhood- adolescence psychiatrists and pediatric neurologists) regarding the diagnostic construct of ADD/H and its therapeutic approach are explored, in relation to the public and private systems. In a complementary manner, the marketing mechanisms of pharmaceutical industry are investigated. Through the diagnostic construct of ADD/H, it can be seen how certain conducts and/or situations that had not been medicalized in the past have now become part of medical treatment, in which the main emphasis is on prescribing drugs as therapy. Neste artigo exploram- se processos de medicalização e medicamentalização na infância, utilizando como analisador o Transtorno de Déficit de Atenção com ou sem Hiperatividade (TDA/H). Apresentam- se os resultados de um estudo qualitativo realizado por uma equipe interdisciplinar durante 2008, em quatro jurisdições argentinas: Região Metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Corrientes, Salta e Tierra del Fuego. Exploram- se os discursos do campo médico - pediatras, psiquiatras infanto- juvenis e neurologistas infantis - em torno da construção diagnóstica do TDH/A e da sua abordagem terapêutica, nos sistemas público e privado. De modo complementar, indaga- se acerca dos mecanismos de marketing da indústria farmacêutica. Por meio da construção de diagnósticoTDA/H, é possível observar como determinadas condutas e/ou situações, que antes não eram medicalizadas, hoje são parte do tratamento médico, cuja principal ênfase encontra- se na prescrição de fármacos como terapêutica.