24 results on '"Flavel, R"'
Search Results
2. A position statement on screening and management of prediabetes in adults in primary care in Australia.
- Author
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Bell, K, Shaw, JE, Maple-Brown, L, Ferris, W, Gray, S, Murfet, G, Flavel, R, Maynard, B, Ryrie, H, Pritchard, B, Freeman, R, Gordon, BA, Bell, K, Shaw, JE, Maple-Brown, L, Ferris, W, Gray, S, Murfet, G, Flavel, R, Maynard, B, Ryrie, H, Pritchard, B, Freeman, R, and Gordon, BA
- Abstract
Prediabetes has a high prevalence, with early detection essential to facilitate optimal management to prevent the development of conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Prediabetes can include impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and elevated HbA1c. This position statement outlines the approaches to screening and management of prediabetes in primary care. There is good evidence to implement intensive, structured lifestyle interventions for individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. The evidence for those with impaired fasting glucose or elevated HbA1c is less clear, but individuals should still be provided with generalised healthy lifestyle strategies. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to implement healthy lifestyle changes through education, nutrition and physical activity. Individuals should aim to lose weight (5-10% of body mass) using realistic and sustainable dietary approaches supported by an accredited practising dietitian, where possible. Physical activity and exercise should be used to facilitate weight maintenance and reduce blood glucose. Moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise and resistance training should be prescribed by an accredited exercise physiologist, where possible. When indicated, pharmacotherapy, metabolic surgery and psychosocial care should be considered, in order to enhance the outcomes associated with lifestyle change. Individuals with prediabetes should generally be evaluated annually for their diabetes status.
- Published
- 2020
3. Applications of X-ray computed tomography for examining biophysical interactions and structural development in soil systems: a review
- Author
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Helliwell, J. R., Sturrock, C. J., Grayling, K. M., Tracy, S. R., Flavel, R. J., Young, I. M., Whalley, W. R., and Mooney, S. J.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. The association between range usage and tibial quality in commercial free-range laying hens
- Author
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Sibanda, T. Z., primary, Flavel, R., additional, Kolakshyapati, M., additional, Welch, M., additional, Schneider, D., additional, and Ruhnke, I., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Real Industry Technology Learning Systems For Tertiary Teaching
- Author
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Cosby, A, Flavel, R, McDonnell, S, Gregory, S, and Trotter, M
- Abstract
A collaborative project between seven universities, the SmartFarm Learning Hub (the Hub) aims to increase the knowledge and skill base of students studying agriculture and agribusiness in the latest agri-tech tools and systems. One motivation for the Hub is the current skills shortage in the agricultural industry and the challenge for university education to keep pace with the rapidly developing agri-tech systems and tools. The Hub will host numerous learning modules which use real industry technology learning systems (RITLS) using real-farm data allowing students to learn how to apply industry developed or commercially available systems and tools to solve an agricultural problem or manage a complex system. By completing these learning modules, students’ capability and readiness for employment within the agricultural industry will be increased. Reported are the evaluation of responses from students after completing the ProductionWise® learning module to the questions based on their perception of employability skills and practical content. Initial results demonstrate that the majority of students believe the content of the ProductionWise® practical is accurate and up-to-date with 87.5% of respondents either ‘strongly agreeing’ or ‘agreeing’ with this statement. The feedback received from students will used to improve the instructions and content of the practical for future cohorts.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Various bone parameters are positively correlated with hen body weight while range access has no beneficial effect on tibia health of free-range layers.
- Author
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Kolakshyapati, M, Flavel, R J, Sibanda, T Z, Schneider, D, Welch, M C, and Ruhnke, I
- Subjects
- *
BODY weight , *TIBIA , *HOME furnishings , *HENS , *COMPUTED tomography - Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if body weight or range use has a significant impact on bone health in commercial free-range laying hens, and to correlate tibia bone quality parameters with individual range usage and body weight. A total of 30 Lohmann Brown hens at 74 wk of age were selected from a commercial free-range farm and were either classified as heavy (mean ± SEM body weight 2.11 ± 0.034 kg, n = 14) or light (1.68 ± 0.022 kg, n = 16) body weight, and also classified as rangers (accessed the range for 86.7% of available days, n = 16) or stayers (accessed the range for 5.00% of available days, n = 14). The left tibiae of all individuals were analyzed for morphological parameters using computed tomography, evaluated for bone breaking strength, and ashed to determine mineral composition. Keel bone scoring was performed based on observation. Data were analyzed using a 2 × 2 factorial ANOVA, and regression analysis was performed. There was no measurable effect of range usage on any of the tibia parameters investigated. The body weight was significantly correlated with tibia breaking strength (r = 0.59), tibia weight (r = 0.56), tibia length (r = 0.64), diaphyseal diameter (r = 0.61), and total tibia volume (r = 0.67). In conclusion, range access had no beneficial effect on bone health. The impact of internal hen house furnishing and movement on bone health needs further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
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7. Eggshell penetration by Salmonella Typhimurium in table eggs: Examination of underlying eggshell structures by micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy
- Author
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Ray, Aaron, primary, Roberts, J.R., additional, Flavel, R., additional, and Chousalkar, K.K., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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8. Validation of Soil Phosphate Removal by Alkaline and Acidic Reagents in a Vertosol Soil using XANES Spectroscopy
- Author
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McLaren, T. I., primary, Guppy, C. N., additional, Tighe, M. K., additional, Schefe, C. R., additional, Flavel, R. J., additional, Cowie, B. C. C., additional, and Tadich, A., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Growth and phosphorus uptake of faba bean and cotton are related to Colwell-P concentrations in the subsoil of Vertosols
- Author
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McLaren, T. I., primary, Bell, M. J., additional, Rochester, I. J., additional, Guppy, C. N., additional, Tighe, M. K., additional, and Flavel, R. J., additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Non-destructive quantification of cereal roots in soil using high-resolution X-ray tomography
- Author
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Flavel, R. J., primary, Guppy, C. N., additional, Tighe, M., additional, Watt, M., additional, McNeill, A., additional, and Young, I. M., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Risk factors for benign breast disease.
- Author
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Brinton, L A, Vessey, M P, Flavel, R, and Yeates, D
- Abstract
The importance of various risk factors for benign breast disorders has been assessed an analysis of data obtained from a multicenter cohort study of contraceptive use among women in the United Kingdom (the Oxford Family Planning Association Contraceptive Study). Cases comprised all women diagnosed as having any type of benign breast lesion; 74 had fibroadenoma, 211 had histologically confirmed chronic cystic disease, 331 had breast lumps not subjected to biopsy and 70 had other disease. Each case was individually matched with another study participant who was free from recognized breast disease. Matching factors were center of recruitment, date of recruitment, age at entry, and continuation in the study. An inverse association was found between use of oral contraceptives and the risk of the first three conditions. Current users of the pill had the lowest risk, particularly when the use was for an extended period. In contrast, past users demonstrated no reduction in risk. The reduction in risk for chronic cystic disease appeared to relate to the amount of progestogen contained in the pill. No significant association was observed between the risk of any of the conditions and either parity or age at first livebirth. Women of low social class and obese women were at low risk, perhaps reflecting diagnostic biases.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
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12. Applications of X-ray computed tomography for examining biophysical interactions and structural development in soil systems: a review
- Author
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Helliwell, J. R., Sturrock, C. J., Grayling, K. M., Tracy, S. R., Flavel, R. J., Young, I. M., Whalley, W. R., and Mooney, S. J.
- Subjects
Soil Science - Abstract
Soil systems are characterized by the spatial and temporal distribution of organic and mineral particles, water and air within a soil profile. Investigations into the complex interactions between soil constituents have greatly benefited from the advent of non-invasive techniques for structural analysis. In this paper we present a review of the application of one such technique, X-ray computed tomography (CT), for studies of undisturbed soil systems, focusing on research during the last 10years in particular. The ability to undertake three-dimensional imaging has provided valuable insights regarding the quantitative assessment of soil features, in a way previously unachievable because of the opaque nature of soil. A dynamic approach to the evaluation of soil pore networks, hydro-physical characteristics and soil faunal behaviour has seen numerous scanning methodologies employed and a diverse range of image analysis protocols used. This has shed light on functional processes across multiple scales whilst also bringing its own challenges. In particular, much work has been carried out to link a soil's porous architecture with hydraulic function, although new technical improvements allowing the characterization of organic matter and the influence of soil biota on structural development are showing great promise. Here we summarize the development of X-ray CT in soil science, highlight the major issues relating to its use, outline some of the applications for overcoming these challenges and describe the potential of future technological advances for non-invasive soil characterization through integration with other complementary techniques.
13. Pelvic inflammatory disease and the intrauterine device
- Author
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Vessey, M P, primary, Flavel, R., additional, Yeates, D, additional, and McPherson, K., additional
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Letters.
- Author
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Michael, Duncan, Clarke, Martin, Constable, John, Little, D, Stedman, Lis, Pearson, W. E., Revess, Steven, Clarke, Ginny, and Flavel, R. C.
- Subjects
LETTERS to the editor ,ROAD shoulders ,SINKHOLES ,BRIDGES ,HARBORS - Abstract
Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including Mark Hansford's report on hard shoulder usage in a March 2007 issue, an article on sinkholes in March 15, 2007 issue, and an article on the design of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in a March 2007 issue.
- Published
- 2007
15. Kidney trajectory charts to assist general practitioners in the assessment of patients with reduced kidney function: a randomised vignette study.
- Author
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Guppy M, Glasziou P, Beller E, Flavel R, Shaw JE, Barr E, and Doust J
- Subjects
- Aged, Australia, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Kidney physiology, Male, General Practitioners, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic diagnosis
- Abstract
Objective: To investigate the decisional impact of an age-based chart of kidney function decline to support general practitioners (GPs) to appropriately interpret estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and identify patients with a clinically relevant kidney problem., Design and Setting: Randomised vignette study PARTICIPANTS: 372 Australian GPs from August 2018 to November 2018., Intervention: GPs were given two patient case scenarios: (1) an older woman with reduced but stable renal function and (2) a younger Aboriginal man with declining kidney function still in the normal range. One group was given an age-based chart of kidney function to assist their assessment of the patient (initial chart group); the second group was asked to assess the patients without the chart, and then again using the chart (delayed chart group)., Main Outcome Measures: GPs' assessment of the likelihood-on a Likert scale-that the patients had chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to the usual definition or a clinical problem with their kidneys., Results: Prior to viewing the age-based chart GPs were evenly distributed as to whether they thought case 1-the older woman-had CKD or a clinically relevant kidney problem. GPs who had initial access to the chart were less likely to think that the older woman had CKD, and less likely to think she had a clinically relevant problem with her kidneys than GPs who had not viewed the chart. After subsequently viewing the chart, 14% of GPs in the delayed chart group changed their opinion, to indicate she was unlikely to have a clinically relevant problem with her kidneys.Prior to viewing the chart, the majority of GPs (66%) thought case 2-the younger man-did not have CKD, and were evenly distributed as to whether they thought he had a clinically relevant kidney problem. In contrast, GPs who had initial access to the chart were more likely to think he had CKD and the majority (72%) thought he had a clinically relevant kidney problem. After subsequently viewing the chart, 37% of GPs in the delayed chart group changed their opinion to indicate he likely had a clinically relevant problem with his kidneys., Conclusions: Use of the chart changed GPs interpretation of eGFR, with increased recognition of the younger male patient's clinically relevant kidney problem, and increased numbers classifying the older female patient's kidney function as normal for her age. This study has shown the potential of an age-based kidney function chart to reduce both overdiagnosis and underdiagnosis., Competing Interests: Competing interests: PG reports grants from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council during the conduct of the study. JS reports grants from Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, grants from Abbott Australasia, grants from Alphapharm, grants from AstraZeneca, grants from Aventis Pharmaceutical, grants from Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals, grants from Eli Lilly (Aust), grants from GlaxoSmithKline, grants from Janssen-Cilag (Aust), grants from Merck Lipha s.a., grants from Merck Sharp & Dohme (Aust), grants from Novartis Pharmaceutical (Aust), grants from Novo Nordisk Pharmaceutical, grants from Pharmacia and Upjohn, grants from Pfizer, grants from Sanofi Synthelabo, grants from Servier Laboratories (Aust), grants from the Australian Kidney Foundation, grants from Diabetes Australia, during the conduct of the study. MG received a grant from Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd to undertake this research., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2022
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16. Improving quality of life through the routine use of the patient concerns inventory for head and neck cancer patients: main results of a cluster preference randomised controlled trial.
- Author
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Rogers SN, Allmark C, Bekiroglu F, Edwards RT, Fabbroni G, Flavel R, Highet V, Ho MWS, Humphris GM, Jones TM, Khattak O, Lancaster J, Loh C, Lowe D, Lowies C, Macareavy D, Moor J, Ong TK, Prasai A, Roland N, Semple C, Spencer LH, Tandon S, Thomas SJ, Schache A, Shaw RJ, and Kanatas A
- Subjects
- Emotions, Humans, Referral and Consultation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Head and Neck Neoplasms therapy, Quality of Life
- Abstract
Purpose: The patient concerns inventory (PCI) is a prompt list allowing head and neck cancer (HNC) patients to discuss issues that otherwise might be overlooked. This trial evaluated the effectiveness of using the PCI at routine outpatient clinics for one year after treatment on health-related QOL (HRQOL)., Methods: A pragmatic cluster preference randomised control trial with 15 consultants, 8 'using' and 7 'not using' the PCI intervention. Patients treated with curative intent (all sites, disease stages, treatments) were eligible., Results: Consultants saw a median (inter-quartile range) 16 (13-26) patients, with 140 PCI and 148 control patients. Of the pre-specified outcomes, the 12-month results for the mean University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOLv4) social-emotional subscale score suggested a small clinical effect of intervention of 4.6 units (95% CI 0.2, 9.0), p = 0.04 after full adjustment for pre-stated case-mix. Results for UW-QOLv4 overall quality of life being less than good at 12 months (primary outcome) also favoured the PCI with a risk ratio of 0.83 (95% CI 0.66, 1.06) and absolute risk 4.8% (- 2.9%, 12.9%) but without achieving statistical significance. Other non-a-priori analyses, including all 12 UWQOL domains and at consultant level also suggested better HRQOL with PCI. Consultation times were unaffected and the number of items selected decreased over time., Conclusion: This novel trial supports the integration of the PCI approach into routine consultations as a simple low-cost means of benefiting HNC patients. It adds to a growing body of evidence supporting the use of patient prompt lists more generally., (© 2020. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Improving quality of life through the routine use of the patient concerns inventory for head and neck cancer patients: baseline results in a cluster preference randomised controlled trial.
- Author
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Rogers SN, Allmark C, Bekiroglu F, Edwards RT, Fabbroni G, Flavel R, Highet V, Ho MWS, Humphris GM, Jones TM, Khattak O, Lancaster J, Loh C, Lowe D, Lowies C, Macareavy D, Moor J, Ong TK, Prasai A, Roland N, Semple C, Spencer LH, Tandon S, Thomas SJ, Schache A, Shaw RJ, and Kanatas A
- Subjects
- Humans, Neoplasm Staging, Referral and Consultation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Head and Neck Neoplasms therapy, Quality of Life
- Abstract
Purpose: The main aim of this paper is to present baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and HRQOL in the two groups of the Patient Concerns Inventory (PCI) trial. The baseline PCI data will also be described., Methods: This is a pragmatic cluster preference randomised control trial with 15 consultant clusters from two sites either 'using' (n = 8) or 'not using' (n = 7) the PCI at a clinic for all of their trial patients. The PCI is a 56-item prompt list that helps patients raise concerns that otherwise might be missed. Eligibility was head and neck cancer patients treated with curative intent (all sites, stage of disease, treatments)., Results: From 511 patients first identified as eligible when screening for the multi-disciplinary tumour board meetings, 288 attended a first routine outpatient baseline study clinic after completion of their treatment, median (IQR) of 103 (71-162) days. At baseline, the two trial groups were similar in demographic and clinical characteristics as well as in HRQOL measures apart from differences in tumour location, tumour staging and mode of treatment. These exceptions were cluster (consultant) related to Maxillofacial and ENT consultants seeing different types of cases. Consultation times were similar, with PCI group times taking about 1 min longer on average (95% CL for the difference between means was from - 0.7 to + 2.2 min)., Conclusion: Using the PCI in routine post-treatment head and neck cancer clinics do not elongate consultations. Recruitment has finished but 12-month follow-up is still ongoing.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. A position statement on screening and management of prediabetes in adults in primary care in Australia.
- Author
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Bell K, Shaw JE, Maple-Brown L, Ferris W, Gray S, Murfet G, Flavel R, Maynard B, Ryrie H, Pritchard B, Freeman R, and Gordon BA
- Subjects
- Adult, Australia, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Blood Glucose metabolism, Mass Screening methods, Prediabetic State epidemiology
- Abstract
Prediabetes has a high prevalence, with early detection essential to facilitate optimal management to prevent the development of conditions such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Prediabetes can include impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and elevated HbA1c. This position statement outlines the approaches to screening and management of prediabetes in primary care. There is good evidence to implement intensive, structured lifestyle interventions for individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. The evidence for those with impaired fasting glucose or elevated HbA1c is less clear, but individuals should still be provided with generalised healthy lifestyle strategies. A multidisciplinary approach is recommended to implement healthy lifestyle changes through education, nutrition and physical activity. Individuals should aim to lose weight (5-10% of body mass) using realistic and sustainable dietary approaches supported by an accredited practising dietitian, where possible. Physical activity and exercise should be used to facilitate weight maintenance and reduce blood glucose. Moderate-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise and resistance training should be prescribed by an accredited exercise physiologist, where possible. When indicated, pharmacotherapy, metabolic surgery and psychosocial care should be considered, in order to enhance the outcomes associated with lifestyle change. Individuals with prediabetes should generally be evaluated annually for their diabetes status., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest Barry Pritchard is employed by Exercise & Sports Science Australia (ESSA) and Rachel Freeman is employed by Australian Diabetes Educators Association (ADEA). Hannah Ryrie was employed by Dietitians Association of Australia (DAA) during the development of the project and writing the statement. Susan Gray was a volunteer member of a leadership committee for Pharmaceutical Society of Australia (PSA) at the time of completing the project and writing the statement. These organisations promote the interests and employment of health professionals recommended in this statement to screen and manage individuals with prediabetes. The remaining authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Improving quality of life through the routine use of the patient concerns inventory for head and neck cancer patients: a cluster preference randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Rogers SN, Lowe D, Lowies C, Yeo ST, Allmark C, Mcavery D, Humphris GM, Flavel R, Semple C, Thomas SJ, and Kanatas A
- Subjects
- Cost-Benefit Analysis, Emotions, Health Care Costs, Humans, Quality Assurance, Health Care, Stress, Psychological, Head and Neck Neoplasms epidemiology, Head and Neck Neoplasms psychology, Quality of Life
- Abstract
Background: The consequences of treatment for Head and Neck cancer (HNC) patients has profound detrimental impacts such as impaired QOL, emotional distress, delayed recovery and frequent use of healthcare. The aim of this trial is to determine if the routine use of the Patients Concerns Inventory (PCI) package in review clinics during the first year following treatment can improve overall quality of life, reduce the social-emotional impact of cancer and reduce levels of distress. Furthermore, we aim to describe the economic costs and benefits of using the PCI., Methods: This will be a cluster preference randomised control trial with consultants either 'using' or 'not using' the PCI package at clinic. It will involve two centres Leeds and Liverpool. 416 eligible patients from at least 10 consultant clusters are required to show a clinically meaningful difference in the primary outcome. The primary outcome is the percentage of participants with less than good overall quality of life at the final one-year clinic as measured by the University of Washington QOL questionnaire version 4 (UWQOLv4). Secondary outcomes at one-year are the mean social-emotional subscale (UWQOLv4) score, Distress Thermometer (DT) score ≥ 4, and key health economic measures (QALY-EQ-5D-5 L; CSRI)., Discussion: This trial will provide knowledge on the effectiveness of a consultation intervention package based around the PCI used at routine follow-up clinics following treatment of head and neck cancer with curative intent. If this intervention is (cost) effective for patients, the next step will be to promote wider use of this approach as standard care in clinical practice., Trial Registration: 32,382. Clinical Trials Identifier, NCT03086629 ., Protocol: Version 3.0, 1st July 2017.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. The Importance of Quality Patient Advocacy to Biobanks: A Lay Perspective from Independent Cancer Patients Voice (ICPV), Based in the United Kingdom.
- Author
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Wilcox M, Grayson M, MacKenzie M, Stobart H, Bulbeck H, and Flavel R
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, United Kingdom, Brain Neoplasms pathology, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Patient Advocacy, Tissue Banks
- Abstract
Biobanking in the twentieth century will become of increasing importance in health research. Regulation and governance of biobanks must be open and transparent to ensure public trust and confidence and increase donation. Effective Lay Involvement all levels in biobank organisations should be standard practice helping ensure patient benefit remains the central aim and assisting the Promotion of Biobanks and Recruitment of Donors. Properly selected, educated and supported, they become valued members of the Biobank Team. This chapter is based on the work of Independent Cancer Patients' Voice (ICPV) in the UK and recognises that the National Health Service provides a framework which is not universal and neither is the model of patient advocacy which has been developed particularly in cancer research. However, although it has not been easy to find potential members for ICPV, nor to attract funding, we have earned the respect of our professional colleagues by our commitment in giving time and developing the skills necessary to provide effective involvement. These colleagues have enthusiastically mentored and supported us and have provided venues and tutoring for Educational Events. We are sure that patient advocates in other countries would welcome the opportunity for similar involvement and hope our experiences will be of interest.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Vaginal spermicides and outcome of pregnancy: findings in a large cohort study.
- Author
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Huggins G, Vessey M, Flavel R, Yeates D, and McPherson K
- Subjects
- Abortion, Spontaneous epidemiology, Adult, Age Factors, Birth Weight, Female, Humans, Pregnancy, Risk, Sex Ratio, Smoking, Socioeconomic Factors, Vaginal Creams, Foams, and Jellies adverse effects, Abnormalities, Drug-Induced epidemiology, Spermatocidal Agents adverse effects
- Abstract
By the end of 1980, 5729 singleton planned pregnancies, 1552 singleton unplanned pregnancies, and 81 multiple pregnancies had been observed among the 17032 participants in the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study. The outcome of these pregnancies was investigated in relation to the use of vaginal spermicides. There was some suggestion that spermicide use might have a small adverse effect on the risk of congenital malformations, especially among infants conceived as a result of contraceptive failure. There was not, however, any evidence of any other adverse effect of spermicide use. In particular, the results provide strong evidence against the hypothesis that spermicide use has any appreciable effect on the risk of spontaneous abortion.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Risk of ectopic pregnancy and duration of use of an intrauterine device.
- Author
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Vessey MP, Yeates D, and Flavel R
- Subjects
- Abortion, Spontaneous epidemiology, Abortion, Spontaneous etiology, Adult, England, Female, Fetal Death epidemiology, Fetal Death etiology, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Ectopic epidemiology, Risk, Scotland, Time Factors, Intrauterine Devices adverse effects, Pregnancy, Ectopic etiology
- Abstract
A number of investigations have shown that accidental pregnancies occurring in long-term users of an intrauterine device (IUD) are more likely to be ectopic than those occurring in short-term users. An analysis of data collected in the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study, strongly suggests that the earlier findings are attributable to the progressive reduction in the frequency of intrauterine implantation with duration of IUD use. The absolute risk of ectopic pregnancy in IUD users was found to remain fairly constant with duration of use at about 1.2 per 1000 women per annum.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The effect of catch-trials on speed and accuracy among introverts and extraverts in a simple RT task.
- Author
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Brebner J and Flavel R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Humans, Visual Perception, Extraversion, Psychological, Introversion, Psychological, Reaction Time
- Abstract
Three predictions from the model of extraversion put forward by Brebner & Cooper (1974) were tested in a simple RT task. In line with the model, extraverts were found to make more commissive errors and to be more affected by an increase in the catch-trial rate. The third prediction-that extraverts would tend to produce longer runs of decreasing RTs than of increasing RTs in the condition with 10 per cent catch-trials, was not borne out. This effect was, however, seen in the condition with 40 per cent catch-trials although it was not statistically significant, P = 0.06.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Outcome of pregnancy in women using different methods of contraception.
- Author
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Vessey M, Meisler L, Flavel R, and Yeates D
- Subjects
- Abnormalities, Drug-Induced etiology, Birth Weight, Congenital Abnormalities etiology, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Multiple, Prospective Studies, Sex Ratio, Contraceptive Devices, Female adverse effects, Contraceptives, Oral adverse effects, Pregnancy Complications etiology
- Abstract
During the years 1968-74, 17,032 women were recruited to the Oxford Family Planning Association prospective study of the effects of different methods of contraception. The present analysis, which concerns 5700 pregnancies experienced by the participants in the investigation, adds to the evidence that ex-users of oral contraceptives and intrauterine devices suffer no delecterious effects on the outcome of pregnancy in terms of miscarriage, ectopic gestation, stillbirth, congenital malformation, alteration in the sex ratio or reduction in birth weight. Accidental pregnancies in women taking oral contraceptives were few in the present study (66 in all), but it seems likely that harmful effects of exposure of the fetus to the pill in utero, if any, occur infrequently. Women experiencing an accidental pregnancy with an intrauterine device in situ are at a markedly increased risk of miscarriage and ectopic gestation and are more likely to give birth to an underweight infant than other women.
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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