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Developed countries offset global warming by abandoning high-carbon products in favour of low-carbon products and by introducing a transboundary carbon tax for those countries that are unable to make the transition immediately. One of the ways of the transition in developed countries is proposed generation of electricity from renewable energy sources (hereinafter referred to as RES). The purpose of the article is to assess the consequences of ­using RES as one of the ways to the transition to low-carbon products. RES are the object of the study, especially wind and solar power plants. Energy generation on them is considered an environmentally friendly production and does not require large operational costs. The subject of the study is economic relations that occur concerning construction and use of RES. The methodological basis of the study includes general scientific methods (generalization, systematisation) and economic-statistical methods (comparative analysis, tabular techniques for data visualisation). The main results of the study lie in justifying large investment costs in RES which are associated with provision of significant areas of land and sea and their withdrawal from agricultural turnover; with scarce and poorly developed deposits of non-energy commodities which are necessary for the creation of RES equipment; with unevenness in energy production and its low density in wind and solar power plants. That requires investments in storage and balancing systems. In pursuit of environmentally friendly production the West does not consider many components of economic efficiency: environmental protection and safety of working and living conditions of some countries in Asia, Africa and South America, and natural means of absorbing greenhouse gases. It should be ignored in the future when justifying economic efficiency of RES.

The article studies the improvement of the production activities of a large electric power company in the Moscow region, Public joint stock company “Mosenergo” (hereinafter referred to as “Mosenergo”) by proposing a set of measures for a radical renovation (reengineering) of the main technological business process – “Heat and electricity production”. Based on the process approach and methods of strategic analysis, SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats), the key company success factors were identified, an enlarged business model of “Mosenergo” was built and analysed, followed by the selection of the most preferable business process. With the help of a matrix of criteria, an assessment of business process importance or readiness for the implementation of the selected strategies was made. Key success factors for “Production of heat and electricity” business process were formed. However, in modern conditions, due to the tightening of sanctions imposed by unfriendly countries, the risks of supply disruptions and termination of equipment maintenance are increasing, which causes negative trends in key performance indicators of the selected business process, namely the accident rate and/or the frequency of emergency operation of automatics cases. The set of measures for reengineering the business process “Production of heat and electricity” is based on the idea of automatic technological business process of the company through the introduction of highly effective domestic digital technologies as part of the industry’s digital transformation strategy. The import substitution programme to minimise risks caused by geopolitical events in the world is considered.

The article studies the advantages of creating a single energy market for Russia, Belarus, Armenia, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. The member states’ national electricity markets have been analyzed in terms of the degree of their liberalization and creation of prerequisites for competitive relations formation in the field of electricity trade. According to the results of the analysis, Belarus has a high degree of monopolization of the electricity market represented by a vertically integrated company, while in other countries monopolistic and competitive activities are separated. The export potential of the EAEU countries has been analyzed. The study reveals that Russia has the predominant export potential, Belarus is quite self-balanced, Armenia has no ties with other members of the Big Five, and Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are potential importers of electricity. In addition, four blocks of problems that need to be solved for formation of a single electric energy market have been highlighted and the mechanisms currently being implemented considered.

The article analyzes the current state of digital technologies in industry in general and in the oil industry in particular. To understand the essence of digitalization, the authors consider some of the provisions set out in the state program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”. Relevant digital technologies are proposed for use for each stage of the oil cycle, considering the technological and economic features, and the possibility of introducing digital technologies into the business processes of oil and gas companies is assessed. In the final part of the article, based on the analysis of the prospects for the implementation of digital economy technologies in oil and gas companies, the results from the implementation of these technologies are identified, which manifest themselves both in the financial aspect and in intangible assets. At the same time, the article also identifies the most significant risks associated with the implementation and operation of business processes based on digital technologies.

The article considers one of the main trends of the industrial revolution 4.0, namely the decarbonization trend, including through the development of renewable energy sources. A significant lag in the development and implementation of renewable energy sources in the Russian Federation compared to the countries of the European Union has been revealed. An analysis of the main reasons for this situation showed the insufficient development of appropriate state mechanisms for stimulating alternative energy sources in Russia, as well as the country’s sufficient supply of hydrocarbon fuel. Since solar and wind generation account for the largest share in the structure of renewable energy sources, the author studied existing and promising technologies in the field of solar and wind energy. The advantages and disadvantages of using renewable energy sources are analyzed. The article describes the main mechanisms of state support aimed at the prospective development of renewable energy in Russia.

The research aims to reveal neural indicators of recognition for iconic words and the possible cross-modal multisensory integration behind this process. The goals of this research are twofold: (1) to register event-related potentials (ERP) in the brain in the process of visual and auditory recognition of Russian imitative words on different de-iconization stages; and (2) to establish whether differences in the brain activity arise while processing visual and auditory stimuli of different nature. Sound imitative (onomatopoeic, mimetic, and ideophonic) words are words with iconic correlation between form and meaning (iconicity being a relationship of resemblance). Russian adult participants (n = 110) were presented with 15 stimuli both visually and auditorily. The stimuli material was equally distributed into three groups according to the criterion of (historical) iconicity loss: five explicit sound imitative (SI) words, five implicit SI words and five non-SI words. It was established that there was no statistically significant difference between visually presented explicit or implicit SI words and non-SI words respectively. However, statistically significant differences were registered for auditorily presented explicit SI words in contrast to implicit SI words in the N400 ERP component, as well as implicit SI words in contrast to non-SI words in the P300 ERP component. We thoroughly analyzed the integrative brain activity in response to explicit IS words and compared it to that in response to implicit SI and non-SI words presented auditorily. The data yielded by this analysis showed the N400 ERP component was more prominent during the recognition process of the explicit SI words received from the central channels (specifically Cz). We assume that these results indicate a specific brain response associated with directed attention in the process of performing cognitive decision making tasks regarding explicit and implicit SI words presented auditorily. This may reflect a higher level of cognitive complexity in identifying this type of stimuli considering the experimental task challenges that may involve cross-modal integration process.

Introduction. The present paper is a critical study of the classification methodology introduced by S. V. Voronin in 1969. The phonosemantic classification of onomatopoeic (sound imitative) words has been tested on the material of typologically different languages and, in general, has proven itself successful. However, the bulk of empirical evidence calls for minor updates on the classification. The first part of the article contained a detailed description of the classification and a critical analysis of its various aspects. This (the second) part contains suggestions as how to overcome the highlighted difficulties.Methodology and sources. The method applied in the classification is the method of phonosemantic analysis which was introduced by S. V. Voronin. The present article explores the possibilities of its application on data from English and other relevant languages.Results and discussion. The critical analysis of the universal classification of the onomatopoeic words conducted in the first part of the article revealed the presence of several overlapping classes and hyperclasses, as well as other minor inconsistencies. The introduction of additional hyper-classes and re-classification of frequentatives helps to overcome these difficulties. Thus, I move frequentatives-instants and frequentatives-continuants from the class “frequentatives” to form a hyper-class of their own, leaving what were Voronin’s “pure” frequentatives in the former class of frequentatives. I also introduce poly-syllabic onomatopoeic words into the classification.Conclusion. The introduced changes do not not undermine the key principles of the Universal classification formulated by S. V. Voronin but help its practical implementation on the material of typologically different languages.

Introduction. The present article is aiming to describe the procedure of stimuli selection for the psycho-semantic experiment on visual perception of imitative words in native (Russian) and non-native language (English). The methodology of the experiment is predominantly based on the implementation of the “lexical decision” method. Thus, the aim of the article is to verify the procedure of and to define clear-cut criteria for the material selection. In particular, we introduce indicating de-iconization stage of imitative words as an important criterion for data pre-selection. De-iconization is a gradual loss of an iconic sound-sense link in an imitative word due to the parallel impact of regular sound changes and semantic shifts.Methodology and sources. The research methodology is based on the works ofS. V. Voronin who is the founder of phonosemantics as a linguistic discipline inRussia, as well as on works of his followers (including a co-author of this paper, M. A. Flaksman). The article is also based on the methodology of research on phonotactics. The authors also use psycho-semantic methods such as the method of lexical decision. The main sources of stimuli selection are The Russia Etymological Dictionary by M. Vasmer, The Oxford English Dictionary, the frequency dictionaries by O. N. Liashevskaya and S. A. Sharov. The classification of imitative words according to their de-iconization stages was done by the method of the diachronic evaluation of the imitative lexicon.Results and discussion. As a result of a rigorous selection procedure described in the article the authors arrived on 128 stimuli (an even number (64 + 64) of words and quasiwords). The quasi-words are coined according to phonotactic rules and made according to the same pattern as the corresponding words. The group of real words is constituted of two sub-groups: 32 imitative words and 32 non-imitative words. The words from these two subgroups are homomorphous – they have the same number of syllables, frequency and belong to the same parts of speech. Imitative words include onomatopoeic and soundsymbolic words of different sub-classes and de-iconization stages. The combination of the material selection methods discussed in this paper (especially, the introduction of the distinction of imitative words according to their de-iconization stage) is aiming at facilitating the experiment procedure as well as eliminating the chance factors.Conclusion. The stimuli selection for the psycholinguistic experiment based on the procedure introduced in this paper allows to establish the existing patterns of the systematic function of human brain in the process of visual perception of imitative words on different de-iconization stages.

Introduction. The universal classification of onomatopoeic words was first introduced in 1969 by Stanislav V. Voronin. In the course of the following fifty years it has been tested on the material of typologically different languages both by the author himself and by other researchers. The aim of this article is to provide a full description of the classification (which has never been published in English before) and to examine its key points critically. The bulk of empirical data collected in the recent years calls for yet another update on the classification. There is a logical contradiction between such classes of onomatopoeic words as frequentatives and frequentatives-(quasi)-instants-continuants. They overlap typologically. This and other minor issues are solved in the present paper.Methodology and sources. The method discussed and applied in the classification is the method of phonosemantic analysis introduced by S. V. Voronin. Empirical data from English and other relevant languages are used for supporting the proposed changes into the classification.Results and discussion. The critical analysis of the Voronin’s universal classification of the onomatopoeic words revealed the presence of overlapping classes and hyperclasses within it, as well as other minor inconsistencies. The empirical typological data allowed to introduce some minor corrections while retaining the main principles of the classification.Conclusion. Introduced half a century ago, Stanislav Voronin’s classification of onomatopoeic words still remains a useful tool of typological research. Critical additions and proposed changes do not lessen its impact on studies in linguistic iconicity. The first part of this paper is devoted to the description of the classification and to the discussion of its advantages and limitations. In the second part of the article some possible solutions to the detected problems are suggested.

The relevance of the theme of improving the energy efficiency of the Russian economy has been considered. It has been noted, that a large reserve of saving energy resources is available in the field of housing and communal services. The main barriers, hindering the development of energy conservation in Russia, which are divided into three main groups, have been examined. It has been indicated on the lack of effective activity of the Federal energy service companies, to which a reasoned explanation has been given. The ways to eliminate these barriers by increasing direct state support for energy saving have been proposed. The expediency of integration of the energy management system into the integrated management system of the company has been noted, its elements have been considered, their functional purpose has been revealed. The advantages of the developed energy management system have been described.

Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of imitative (onomatopoeic and mimetic) lexicon of the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf. The poem is, probably, the most well-known work of Anglo-Saxon literature, characterized by its archaic language as well by its expressivity. The study focuses on quantitative and contextual analysis of the imitative words found in the poem from diachronic perspective.Materials and methods. Methods for the research include the method of continuous sampling, etymological analysis, historical-comparative analysis, elements of quantitative analysis, and the method of phonosemantic analysis. The study is conducted on the material of the full unabridged version of the Anglo-Saxon poem Beowulf written in Old English.Results. The results have revealed that all imitative words in the poem can be divided into three major semantic categories: 1) words denoting sounds of battle; 2) words denoting grief; 3) words denoting singing and playing musical instruments. There are altogether 43 imitative words identified in Beowulf, used 134 times. The calculations have shown that only 15 (or 35 %) out of them have been preserved since Old English.Discussion. We suggest the following reasons for the possible obsolesce of the Old English imitative words: 1) their replacement by the French loans, 2) their belonging to poetic language and subsequent fall out of use, 3) their replacement by other, newly-coined English imitative words. The last argument we deem as the most probable. The iconic treadmill hypothesis introduced earlier explains that the mass obsolesce of the Beowulf’s imitative words might have been caused by natural, evolutionary processes – regular sense and meaning development leading to the expressivity loss and overall de-iconization of the language’s imitative lexicon.Conclusions. The study of the poem demonstrated the diversity and dynamic nature of the English imitative lexicon as well as revealed the underlying tendency of imitative words’ de-iconization and replacement on the later stages of the language’s development.

Iconic words constitute an integral part of the lexicon of a language, exhibiting form-meaning resemblance. Over the course of time, semantic and phonetic transformations “weaken” the degree of iconicity of a word. This iconicity loss is known as the process of de-iconization, which is divided into four stages, and, at each consecutive stage, the degree of a word’s iconicity is reduced. The current experimental study is the first to compare and contrast how English (N = 50) and Russian (N = 106) subjects recognize visually presented native iconic words (N = 32). Our aim is two-fold: first, to identify native speakers’ ability to perceive the fine-grained division of iconicity; and second, to control for the influence of participants’ native languages. This enables us to provide a more exhaustive analysis of the role of iconicity in word recognition and to combine empirical results with a theoretical perspective. The findings showed that the speakers of these languages are not equally sensitive to iconicity. As opposed to the English-speaking participants, who showed almost similar performance on each group of iconic words, the Russian participants tended to respond slower and less accurately to the words that were higher in iconicity. We discuss the major factors that may affect iconic word recognition in each language.

RESUMO O objetivo principal deste artigo é discutir a inadequação de certos conceitos “nossos” para a descrição de realidades ancoradas em outras premissas. Após afirmar que, inicialmente, a preocupação constante da maioria dos filhos de santo que conheci com o risco de serem vitimados por algum feitiço me soava como paranoia, demonstro como essa noção está atrelada ao que o etnopsiquiatra Tobie Nathan denominou “sociedade de universo único” e é, portanto, inoperante no candomblé baiano. Ao final do artigo sugiro, com base em diversas situações vivenciadas durante a pesquisa de campo, que o termo “prevenção” é um descritor mais adequado para aquilo que eu, inicialmente, classificara como “paranoia”.

The article is intended for specialists in the field of electronic warfare and adaptive jammer cancellation. The main advantage of the proposed spatial adaptive broadband compensator is the ability to adaptively estimate the number of active interference for minimizing computational complexity in compare with traditional methods for suppressing wideband interference. The paper presents a strong theoretical derivation of the weight matrix of the auto-compensator. The main approach for calculating the weight matrix is the expansion in powers of vectors in the orthonormal basis. A practical approach for introducing the algorithm into software is proposed.

The study of iconicity, i.e., of a link between form and meaning in a word based on similarity, has gained increased attention in recent years. Although recent research has shown an important role of iconicity for first language acquisition, its role for the second language (L2) acquisition is still unclear, neither is it understood how the perception of imitative words depends on their iconic expressiveness. We applied a multivariate experimental plan with repeated measurements and experimental and control stimuli to study visual recognition of English iconic (imitative) words at four stages of de-iconization (SDs) by native speakers of Russian (N = 106) using a lexical decision task. The participants were presented with an experimental stimulus and had to decide as rapidly as possible whether a visually presented letter string was a word or not. The method of diachronic evaluation was used to group the pre-selected imitative words into four categories where SD-1 words are the most vivid imitative words with an evident (iconic) link between form and meaning, and SD-4 words are the words which have lost this link in the course of language (semantic and phonetic) evolution. The findings have revealed that proceeding speed and accuracy rates are strongly connected to SDs: the less iconic (imitative) a word is, the faster and more accurately it is recognized; most iconic words (SD-1) are characterized by the slowest RTs and lowest accuracy rates. The results suggest that iconicity does affect visual recognition of imitative words by second language learners.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o conceito de “enredo” e alguns dos sentidos em que a noção se desdobra nas religiões de matriz africana, especificamente no candomblé. A pesquisa de campo que deu origem a esta reflexão foi feita no terreiro Ilê Iyá Omi Axé Iyamasé (mais conhecido como Gantois), em Salvador, Bahia. O argumento central aqui contido é de que o uso frequente do termo “enredo” no cotidiano é reflexo de um modo de existência múltiplo, um modelo de relacionamento intrinsecamente ligado ao candomblé, e que a sua análise enquanto conceito pode indicar uma via de acesso para a compreensão de um aspecto fundamental das religiões de matriz africana no Brasil.

The architecture of digital High Frequency (HF) data modem is considered. Link level simulation of HF wireless communication system with bandwidth of 3 kHz was carried out for the multipath ionospheric channel model. The main link level performance metrics such as BER, PER and system throughput are provided and analyzed. It is shown that in frequency-selective two ray channel, the linear MMSE equalization at the receiver provides efficient ISI elimination for all modulation and coding schemes except high-order modulations that are required development of non-linear quasi-optimal signal processing algorithms.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Peripheral neuropathy caused by chemotherapeutic drugs is today one of the major limiting factors in cancer pharmacological therapy due to its negative influence in the cancer patient's quality of life. Its incidence varies depending on the pharmacological nature of the therapy used. Peripheral neurotoxicity caused by 5-Fluorouracil was scarcely described, being characterized as rare adverse effect of this drug. The objective of this study is to report a 5-Fluorouracil induced late peripheral neuropathy case treated at the Pain Clinic, with standard care for neuropathic main. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 62 years old, undergoing 5-Fluorouracil chemotherapy 2520mg/week in 5 cycles of 360mg/day continuous infusion to treat colorectal cancer. Three months after the end of the cycle she reported burning pain and hand and foot dysesthesia with proximal irradiation and allodynia. She was referred to the Pain Clinic 2 years after the symptoms onset. The treatment started with gabapentin and she was advised to have psychiatric follow-up and physical exercises. The Visual Numeric Scale was used to assed pain. In less than 6 months the patient reported pain improvement with values reduced from 10 to 2. CONCLUSION: Although uncommon, peripheral neuropathy can occur as permanent toxicity due to 5-Fluorouracil chemotherapy and should be early identified and treated to improve patient's quality of life.

Este artigo é fruto de uma experiência de um ano de pesquisa de campo em uma Igreja Mórmon localizada no Rio de Janeiro. Seu principal objetivo é descrever a maneira como os mórmons apresentam sua experiência com a divindade, a saber: como uma forma de conhecimento. Com isso, pretende-se discutir a oposição entre crença e saber na antropologia, além de uma reflexão sobre o papel da(o) etnógrafa(o) em uma pesquisa de campo.