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The aim of the paper is to present an answer to the research question whether the system of organizational terms (an original methodological concept in management science) can be a theoretical foundation to record managerial activities in the field of team motivation. To answer this research question, a non-participating, structured observation was used as a research method. The author was a moderator of this research. A mobile application was used as both a research tool and a time management tool by team managers and team members. As a result of the observation, the use of the system of organizational terms was verified as the theoretical background in recording managerial activities in the field of team motivation. The research results show the possibility of using the system of organizational terms to design mobile applications aimed at team management automation, which could make a significant contribution to management science in the future. In the presented research, two primary organizational terms were recorded: motivation and a motivating plan. The structure and values of their measured units are described in the paper in detail.

Reasons for raising the issue: Methodological problems of management science are the subject of lively discussion and interest of many contemporary representatives in management science. The discussion about the identity of management science and its methodological assumptions dates back to 1961, when H. Koontz stimulated the awareness of organizational reality researchers with the concept of a „management theory jungle”, meaning a disordered way of practicing management science with its growing ontological and epistemological controversies. Although several decades have passed since then, „we‘re still dealing with the management theory jungle, and it‘s even more extensive and vivid than ever before”. Some authors emphasize that the current situation of management science represents a crisis of these sciences, especially their philosophical and methodological foundations. S. Sułkowski even writes that this science has neither „theories nor rights, nor even a substitute for the scientific method”. The first reason for undertaking the work on the system of organizational terms as a methodological concept of management science was the fact that on the one hand, unresolved methodological problems in management science are subject to criticism, and on the other hand, there is a certain degree of reconciliation with the permanent state of the “management theory jungle”. The second reason was the specific problems of this science, including: a dilemma whether management science belongs to idiographic or nomothetic sciences; domination of the organizational reality research based on situations at certain moments of time, which leads to a static and only temporary assessment of this reality; creation of theory in management science under the clear influence of the researcher‘s evaluation of the elements of these theories; increasing diversity of the understanding of concepts; incommensurability of the entire scientific discipline, especially in the field of methods of conducting research and interpretation of their results. The third reason of raising the issue, which, unlike the two previous ones, concerns more with the future than the past, is the progressive digitization and automation of the modern world. Already in 1967, P. Drucker wrote that computer systems (then – „computers“ – an author‘s note) would not only serve to collect information, but the algorithms written in them would be able to replace managers over time. Although it has not happened yet, IT systems fill and automate more and more areas of human life, and thus, also manager‘s work. Research problem: The research problem, which was stated after the preliminary literature studies and after determining the reasons to raise the issue, can be presented by means of the following research question: can there be a comprehensive, coherent and formalized methodological concept of the management science which allows practicing this science in a way that solves current problems of this science? Three concepts included in this question should be clarified. First of all, the condition was made that the concept should be comprehensive. It means that it should cover all or most of the issues necessary for practicing science, such as ontological and epistemological assumptions, defined elements of science, ways of using the language, methods of inference, etc. Secondly, the assumption in the research question states that the methodological concept should be coherent, and therefore internally consistent and internally complementary. Thirdly, the concept should be formalized, so there should be strictly defined rules on how to apply individual elements of the concept, defined either in details or in the form of universal and scaled principles. Subject of research: The subject of this book is therefore a comprehensive, coherent and formalized methodological concept of management science, whose tasks have been identified in the mentioned research problem. The essence of this concept is to represent organizational reality with certain terms, just as physical phenomena can be represented by units and their corresponding physical quantities in the SI system. However, it should be emphasized that due to the ontological and epistemological conditions of management science, the SI system is only an analogy of the created concept, and from the point of view of the chronology of work on this concept, it was the author‘s inspiration to raise the above mentioned research problem. The core of the methodological concept of management science is the organizational terms, which were divided into primary and derivative as a result of an analysis of ontological conditions. Organizational terms represent facts occurring in the organizational reality, and these facts correspond to the ontological conception of being, widely accepted in the philosophy of science. As a result of combining this type of ontological conditions and a farreaching analogy, which is the SI system, the name of the developed methodological concept was created – the system of organizational terms. This work is therefore a voice in the discussion on the need for new methods of studying the organizational reality. Perhaps the use of the system of organizational terms as a methodological concept of management science will also allow for the creation of more humanindependent systems of management organization which, in certain situations, will be able to replace a human manager with a more effective robot manager.

The contradiction between the unstable nature of team work and the opportunity coming from IT technologies creates a question how to replace a human manager with a robot. Therefore the paper presents selected problems in in achieving the answer such as what are dominating methodological problems in management science, how to represent manager work, what research method should be used, what research tools should be used and what methods of reasoning should be used. Some of the problems have been solved by the author and some still wait for efficient solutions.

The aim of the article is to present a reply to a research problem concerning the reasons why a demand for song covers on YouTube measured by the numer of hits is higher than the demand for their original versions. The problem has been exemplified by the music piece ‘I will always love you’. The article contains the description of the functioning of YouTube as a music market, its basic subjects, the model of the market, as well as the market mechanism in which a song and its cover are goods. An attempt at solving the research problem is the musical analysis of the original song and its cover, as well as the specification of basic determinants that cause greater demand for song covers than for their original versions.

The main aim of the paper is to present the results of the experiment on the impact of management tools for the process of planning. It includes the theoretical foundations on the work of a manager using organizational techniques with the use of management tools to solve an organizational problem. Presented theoretical foundations are an introduction to test hypotheses which were verified with quantitative and qualitative data of an experiment in conjunction with non-participant observation. Analysis of these data enabled the authors to claim that the characteristics of managerial tools affect both the course of the organizational techniques, as well as the content of the solutions for the organizational problem.

Building knowledge about management processes depends on several aspects which are necessary to be taken into consideration during any research in that field. In the paper such theoretical dilemmas of creating knowledge about activities in management area can be found: specification of borders of scientific cognition, the perspectives of questions and expected answers, the differences between quality and quantity approaches, a choice of a research method, the possibilities of the verification of the hypotheses, conducting inference and the borders of an explanation in management science.

Competitiveness is a concept that evaluates the entities participating in the competition in terms of the results, as well as the ability to achieve benefits in the future by a company. The company referred to as “competitive” is able to achieve from its economic activity relatively greater benefits than their competitors. In this article the authors present some results of the Company Competitiveness Barometer, conducted in 2014 on a group of 992 companies from Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. Barometer is based on the Competitiveness Integrated Model.

In the paper there are results of the research on competitiveness of Polish companies which was conducted within the Company Competitiveness Barometer in 2014. The paper includes a short description of the integrated company competitiveness model, their integral elements and methodology of the research. Then there are results of a competitive potential, a strategy of competition, a competitive advantage, a competitive position of examined companies. 252 companies took part in the Company Competitiveness Barometer 2014. Answers to the survey placed on www.konkurencyjniprzetrwaja.pl let get knowledge about some sample of Polish companies in different sectors of economy. The data was also a foundation to verify some theoretical assumptions of relations between the elements of competitiveness.

The aim of this paper is to present the results of the assessment of intertextual symmetry of texts produced during the phase of project planning. The corpus of texts was built as a result of observation of managers formulating project goals and tasks according to the instruction concerning project requirements. The observation was conducted with the help of managerial tools developed on the basis of the system of organisational terms. The analysis of the texts was conducted with the help of comparative content analysis and text analysis.

The aim of the article is to propose a method for estimating the determinant of enterprise competitiveness, based on the Competitiveness Integrated Model and the Company Competitiveness Barometer. The article presents a description of The Competitiveness Integrated Model, the current status of research of the Company Competitiveness Barometer, definition and algorithms for estimating the determinant of enterprise competitiveness.

Background. Nowadays many research results in management are not able to be !ompared to one another. Scientists seem to build isolated ontologies use incompatible research meths ods and draw conclusions which are at least neutral to each other. Thus a new methodological approach could allow us to overcome these obstacles. Research aims. The goal of this paper is to ma(e a contribution to a methodology of ressearch in management science in the field of theoretical research and drawing theoretical conclusions by presenting a new approach to the analysis of managed behaviour. Method. Presented approach to the analysis of managed behaviour is based on facts theory and the system of organizational terms. Such a basis lets us use graph theory to recognize patterns in managed behaviour. Key findings. The graphbased pattern matching is useful to analyse managerial behaviour when the managers ta(e part in management processes. Indispensable theoretical concept for this is the system on organizational terms based on the facts theory.

This paper contains the latest results of observations based on the system of organizational terms and tools in transistorshead.com. The website consists of two prototypes of managerial tools – for setting goals and for describing tasks. The theoretical foundation for the tools is the system of organizational terms described in previous works of the author. Data collected by the tools lead to a recognition of patterns of users (managers) by a graph-based theory. In the paper there are introductory conclusions from using the method and tools in research.

This paper reflects on the development of management sciences. The author presents which a contemporary researcher encounters during his attempt to explain organizational reality and also some main approaches to theoretical and empirical research in sciences. The reflections are effects of several year of studies on the system of organizational terms.