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Abstract Dermatitis is defined as a set of inflammatory diseases that affect the skin, with varied causes. Among the different types of dermatitis, contact dermatitis is the most prevalent. Although the current therapy is often effective, it is associated with adverse effects and the possibility of drug tolerance. N-Methyl-(2S, 4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline is a L-proline amino acid derivative found in the leaves of Sideroxylon obtusifolium, a species traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the topical anti-inflammatory effect of N-methyl-(2S, 4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (NMP) in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced irritant contact dermatitis in mice. Topically administered NMP, at doses of 0.03 − 0.50 mg/ear, reduced TPA-induced ear edema and neutrophil migration, as evidenced by low tissue myeloperoxidase activity and verified by histological examination. In addition, NMP (0.06 mg/ear) reduced tissue levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, INF-γ and MCP-1) and of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and reduced gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β increased by TPA. The data suggest that N-methyl-(2S, 4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline acts as a topical anti-inflammatory agent that decreases the expression of inflammatory cytokines, making it useful for the treatment of skin inflammation. Further investigations are necessary for its development as a therapeutic agent.

Methylmercury (MeHg) is highly toxic to the human brain. Although much is known about MeHg neurotoxic effects, less is known about how chronic MeHg affects hippocampal amino acids and other neurochemical markers in adult mice. In this study, we evaluated the MeHg effects on systemic lipids and inflammation, hippocampal oxidative stress, amino acid levels, neuroinflammation, and behavior in adult male mice. Challenged mice received MeHg in drinking water (2 mg/L) for 30 days. We assessed weight gain, total plasma cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), endotoxin, and TNF levels. Hippocampal myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), amino acid levels, and cytokine transcripts were evaluated. Mice underwent open field, object recognition, Y, and Barnes maze tests. MeHg-intoxicated mice had higher weight gain and increased the TG and TC plasma levels. Elevated circulating TNF and LPS confirmed systemic inflammation. Higher levels of MPO and MDA and a reduction in IL-4 transcripts were found in the hippocampus. MeHg-intoxication led to increased GABA and glycine, reduced hippocampal taurine levels, delayed acquisition in the Barnes maze, and poor locomotor activity. No significant changes were found in AChE activity and object recognition. Altogether, our findings highlight chronic MeHg-induced effects that may have long-term mental health consequences in prolonged exposed human populations.

Byrsonima sericea leaves are extensively used in folk medicine in Brazil against gastric disorders. This study investigated the chemical constituents of B. sericea leaf ethanolic extract (BSLE) and its potential gastroprotective activity, with its possible mechanism of the action using ethanol to induce gastric mucosal damage in mice. The phytochemical analysis was carried out to identify the active constituents present in the extract, and the HPLC analysis was performed for the identification of flavonoids. BSLE at oral doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg markedly attenuated the ethanol-evoked gastric lesions by 53.2, 84.9 and 87.6 %, respectively. The BSLE (250 mg/kg) prevented the depletion of gastric mucus and gastric mucosal nonproteic-sulfhydryl groups, SOD and CAT, as well as the increase in the MDA content promoted by absolute ethanol. Moreover, the effect of BSLE against ethanol damage was found to be significantly reduced in mice pretreated with Capsazepine (i.p.), L-NAME (i.p.) or glibenclamide (i.p.), the respective blockers/inhibitors of TRPV1, NO synthase and K+ATP channel. The phytochemical investigation on BSLE revealed the presence of flavonoids rutin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and quercetin, which are compounds well known for their antioxidant and gastroprotective properties. These results suggest that BSLE affords gastroprotection through multiple mechanisms, which may be helpful in the treatment of pathologies associated with gastric dysfunctions.Folhas de Byrsonima sericea são amplamente utilizadas na medicina popular no Brasil no tratamento de distúrbios gástricos. Este estudo investigou os constituintes químicos do extrato etanólico das folhas de B. sericea (BSLE) e sua atividade gastroprotetora com seus possíveis mecanismos de ação utilizando o modelo de lesão gástrica induzida por etanol em camundongos. A análise fitoquímica foi realizada para identificar os componentes ativos presentes no extrato e análise por HPLC foi realizada para a identificação de flavonóides. A administração de BSLE (v.o.) nas doses de 125, 250, 500 mg/kg, v.o. atenuou significativamente as lesões gástricas induzidas por etanol em 53,2, 84,9 e 87,6% respectivamente. BSLE (250 mg/kg) preveniu a depleção do muco gástrico, de grupamentos sulfidrílicos não-protéicos (GSH), das atividades da SOD e da CAT assim como o aumento de malonaldeído promovido pelo etanol. Além disso, o efeito gastroprotetor do BSLE foi significantemente reduzido pelos pré-tratamentos com capsazepina (i.p.), L-NAME (i.p.) ou glibenclamida (i.p.), respectivamente bloqueadores/inibidores de receptores TRPV1, NO sintase e canais de K+ATP. A investigação fitoquímica revelou a presença de flavonoides como rutina, isoquercitrina, 3-O-rutinosideo-canferol e quercetina que são conhecidas por suas propriedades antioxidantes e gastropotetoras. O estudo demonstrou que BSLE proporciona ação gastroprotetora através de vários mecanismos que podem ser úteis no tratamento de patologias associadas a disfunções gástricas.

Introduction: Women living with HIV (MVHIV) have a lower mean age at menopause than the general population, in addition to more exuberant symptoms during this period. These factors can further reduce the quality of life of this population during perimenopause and negatively affect antiretroviral therapy (ART). Understanding this risk is important for medical advice at this stage, as well as for evaluating the initiation of hormonal therapy, when necessary. Objective: To evaluate the climacteric syndrome in women living with HIV/AIDS. Methods: During an endocrinological medical consultation, a clinical examination was performed, including an anthropometric physical examination, in addition to the application of a questionnaire to assess the symptoms of the climacteric syndrome and collection of hormonal values, viral load and serum CD4 cell values of 44 women, aged between 35 to 65 years old, living with HIV/AIDS. Results: The mean age at spontaneous menopause was 47.44 years, there was an association between FSH, LH and estradiol hormones and perimenopause phases. Anxiety and/or nervousness was present in 84.1% of patients and slowing of thinking in 72.7%. Skin dryness was also shown to be a significant symptom, with 75% of recurrence. Furthermore, women with skin dryness had higher FSH and LH compared to those without the symptom. Conclusion: Women living with HIV in Belém-PA had menopause 3.76 years before the expected national average and presented a high prevalence of symptoms related to cognition and mood. Other similar studies, with a larger sample size, are needed in the region to establish more reliable results.

The various specializations available to nurses represent an investment geared toward providing more qualified patient care. However, little is known about the attitudes of specialized nurses toward multidisciplinarity. The purpose of this study was to investigate nurses' perceptions of multidisciplinarity in the field of specialist nurses, as well as to determine how specialization is associated with improved patient care and nurses' age in a low-resource setting in Southeast Brazil. This cross-sectional study included 70 nurses aged ≥18 years with at least one nursing specialty working at the Regional Health Superintendence of Manhuaçu, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The study participants responded to questions about specialization and its importance in the field of health care. The majority of nurse specialists (84.3%) were between the ages of 20 and 40, and 31.4 percent worked in family health. Eighty percent of nurse specialists agreed that nursing specialization was important. More than 75% agreed that specialization promotes higher quality care and that multidisciplinarity is critical for improving patient care. Seventy percent of participants distrusted online health information. There is a relationship between the importance of having a specialty and better patient care (τb=0.293, p=0.002), and between being a specialist nurse and age (τb=-0.272, p=0.004). Nurses have embraced the concept of multidisciplinarity as a way to improve healthcare. However, they were concerned about the qualifications for nursing specialties.

Following the new standard of using plant‐based ingredients, this study evaluated the effect of partially replacing milk proteins with plant proteins (almond and pumpkin seed) on yoghurt properties. Protein mixtures were prepared using rotational central composite design, investigating the percentage of animal protein replacement and the proportion between plant proteins. Milk protein substitution increased fermentation time, defined as the time needed to reach pH 4.6, and negatively impacted viscosity, firmness and syneresis of yoghurt. Nevertheless, replacing 25% of dairy proteins with an optimised plant protein blend (25% almond and 75% pumpkin seed) yielded yoghurt with typical composition and good sensory acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quando D. João VI chegou ao Brasil, além da criação de instituições para o ensino, tanto superior quanto para a instrução primária e secundária, foram estabelecidas as Aula de Comércio com o objetivo de qualificar os comerciantes das principais praças comerciais do país. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os conteúdos de Aritmética presentes em dois manuais didáticos que circularam no Rio de Janeiro na primeira metade do século XIX usados para a instrução comercial. Percebe-se que o método utilizado nas obras é o expositivo-repetitivo, em que os conteúdos são exemplificados a partir de situações e usados como forma de treino.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe and compare the frequency of neurobehavioral signs in preterm infants in traditional and humanized body weight check. Methods: a quantitative, quasi-experimental, cross-over study, carried out in a Neonatal Unit at a university hospital with a sample of 30 preterm newborns, randomly assigned and allocated in control group (traditional) and intervention group (humanized), with collection of general data, vital signs before and after procedures and footage. Results: there was a higher frequency of approach signs in humanized weight check compared to traditional check. Moreover, withdrawal signs were more frequent in traditional weight check compared to humanized check. Conclusion: in this regard, humanized body weight check provided greater benefits to preterm infants, making it necessary to foster discussions about humanization of care, so that this practice can be performed routinely in health units.

Objetivo: avaliar como a insulinoterapia reflete no cotidiano dos portadores de diabetes mellitus. Método: os dados foram coletados com uma amostra total de 70 pacientes com diagnóstico prévio de diabetes mellitus em uso de insulina. Foram aplicados questionários sobre perfil socioeconômico e qualidade de vida por meio da versão brasileira da escala PAID. Após a coleta, o teste D’Agostino-Pearson foi utilizado para a estatística, sendo executado com o auxílio do programa BioEstat 5.5. Resultados: predominou pacientes do sexo feminino (64,3%), com ensino fundamental (44,3%) e renda de até um salário mínimo (75,7%). O tempo médio de diagnóstico foi de 12,4 anos, com uso de insulina por pelo menos cinco anos. Observou-se que 64,3% dos pacientes apresentavam escore B-PAID elevado (≥40), o que indica alto nível de sofrimento emocional relacionado ao diabetes. Conclusão: identificou um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida dos participantes do estudo, apontando necessidade de melhor suporte clínico e emocional.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic and hemolytic disease globally characterized by social vulnerability. Food consumption has been insufficiently analyzed in SCA. Secondary iron overload is often observed. This leads to unreliable recommendations for dietary iron restriction. We assessed food consumption and iron intake among adults with SCA. Considering the guidelines for healthy eating, foods were grouped according to the NOVA classification. This transversal study included 74.4% of eligible patients who were registered in the reference center for SCA treatment in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2019. Data on food consumption were collected through 24 h recall. The monthly household income of 82.3% of patients was less than $770. The consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods was directly associated with monthly household income (p < 0.0001; η2 = 0.87). Ultra-processed foods provided more than one-third of the total energy intake (35.2%). The prevalence of inadequate iron intake was about 40% among women, while that of iron intake above the tolerable upper limit was 0.8%. People from lower socioeconomic classes had the lowest iron intake. Strategies to encourage the consumption of fresh or minimally processed foods are needed considering the requirement of an antioxidant diet in SCA. These findings highlight the need for health equity to ensure food security and healthy eating in SCA.

This is a scoping review on mapping the use of digital tools to assess food consumption in Brazil. Searches were carried out in nine electronic databases (Medline, Lilacs, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, Ovid, Free Medical Journal and Crossref) to select studies published from October 2020 to December 2023. This review identified forty-eight digital tools in the 94 publications analyzed, the most frequent being web-based technologies (60%) and mobile devices (40%). Among these studies, 55% (n = 52) adopted a population-based approach, while 45% (n = 42) focused on specific regions. The predominant study design observed was cross-sectional (n = 63). A notable trend observed was the increasing frequency of validation studies in recent years. Although the use of digital tools in the assessment of food consumption in Brazil has grown in recent years, studies did not describe the process of creating and validating the tools, which would contribute to the improvement of data quality. Investments that allow the expansion of the use of the internet and mobile devices; the improvement of digital literacy; and the development of open-access tools, especially in the North and Northeast regions, are challenges that require a concerted effort towards providing equal opportunities, fostering encouragement, and delving deeper into the potential of digital tools within studies pertaining to food consumption in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Patients who have external ventricular drainage (EVD) inserted are prone to many risks and complications. Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a frequent and life-threatening complication for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and results in an increased morbidity and mortality for those patients. An EVD insertion is a frequent surgical procedure for those with IVH. However, it is also known that IVH patients have a much higher rate of ventricular catheter occlusion. We hypothesize that blood clots have a predominant participation as a pathophysiological mechanism for EVD occlusion, and that a different and more appropriate catheter design might decrease the occlusion rate occurring during the utilization of EVDs on patients with IVH and, therefore, reduce implantation time. Methods The electronic data sheets of 30 patients with spontaneous IVH from March 2014 until April 2015 were evaluated. Two concepts in catheter design were evaluated: A group of 15 patients with a conventional type of catheter inserted was identified as Group C (conventional). A group of 15 patients with a new design of catheter inserted was identified as Group H (hemorrhagic). Both groups were compared regarding survival end parameters, outcomes, days spent in intensive care units (ICUs) and time spent with EVDs implanted. Results Hospitalization at the ICU was statistically significantly reduced for Group H compared with Group C. There was no significant difference among the hospitalization days between both groups. There was no statistical difference either for acute hydrocephalus or death rate. External ventricular drainage implantation days were significantly reduced for Group H related to Group C. Conclusion The results of the present study points to the fact that, although apparently the new catheter design did not change some secondary complications such as hydrocephalus and hospitalization rate, it seems that a better or specifically designed catheter for IVH purposes might lead to less ICU hospitalization days and EVD implantation days, two factors that have economic impact on healthcare due to the reduction of hospitalization costs and reduced incidence of related complications. The information obtained by this preliminary study should be grounded by a larger, more detailed and prospective evaluation; if these preliminary data are maintained, the new design should be considered for IVH associated EVDs insertions.

RESUMO A realização da traqueostomia precoce pode reduzir o tempo de ventilação do paciente, facilitando o desmame da prótese ventilatória. Além disso, reduz os custos de internação. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o tempo de retirada do respirador no paciente traquestomizado precocemente após sete dias de ventilação. Trata-se de pesquisa documental, retrospectiva, de carácter descritivo, sendo a coleta de dados realizada nos documentos de indicadores hospitalares de unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital da Zona da Mata mineira. Foram coletados dados de 50 pacientes que obtiveram sucesso e preencheram os critérios de desmame da ventilação mecânica, entre homens e mulheres, com média de idade de 56,6 anos. Para análise estatística, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo precoce, de pacientes que realizaram traqueostomia com menos de sete dias de intubação orotraqueal; e grupo tardio, de pacientes que permaneceram por mais de sete dias com tubo orotraqueal até a realização da traqueostomia. Obtivemos um resultado significativo (p=0,04) quanto aos dias em ventilação mecânica após a realização de traqueostomia, demonstrando que nos pacientes com traqueostomia precoce houve menos dias em ventilação mecânica invasiva do que nos pacientes com traqueostomia tardia. Foi constatado um resultado significativamente menor do tempo de ventilação dos pacientes traquestomizados precocemente quando comparados com a traqueostomia tardia. Ensaios clínicos randomizados de alta qualidade são necessários para avaliar melhor as possíveis diferenças da retirada da ventilação mecânica entre pacientes traqueostomizados.

In this article, black feminism is analyzed as an anti-racist tool and a form of contribution to education. Specialized literature of black women and decolonial education was used as a bibliographic base, as well as scientific articles were consulted, selected by searching the Scielo and Google Scholar databases. The study is based on the protagonism and resistance of black women and a means of understanding the formation of black feminism, extracting from this understanding the relevance of the decolonity of knowledge. Thus, situations of black women stand out not only in their daily struggle movements, but mainly in the line of intellectuality, as well as their place of speech and what this movement can contribute to Brazilian education