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In Southeast Asia, ethnic conflicts are complex phenomena influenced by religious affiliations, nationalism, and citizenship rights. This study examines the role of media in shaping public narratives and perceptions of the Rohingya crisis, particularly in Aceh, Indonesia. Media analysis reveals that coverage provides practical insights into the consequences of refugee influx, highlighting social, humanitarian, and infrastructural impacts. Moreover, media diversifies understanding by presenting varied perspectives and linking ethnic conflicts with broader issues such as human trafficking. The study emphasizes how media narratives influence community attitudes towards Rohingya refugees in Aceh, reflecting shifts in acceptance or rejection based on portrayal. It underscores media's responsibility for accurate, balanced coverage crucial in shaping public understanding. Employing qualitative content analysis of print and online sources from 2023, this research examines media's depiction of the Rohingya conflict and refugee responses in Aceh. Findings contribute insights into media's role in public perception and its impact on refugee acceptance. This study advocates further media analysis to deeper understanding of complex ethnic conflicts, aiming to mitigate stereotypes and foster empathy towards refugees. Encourage balanced and diverse media reporting on ethnic conflicts to foster empathy and informed public dialogue, particularly in communities like Aceh. Support further research and education on the media's role in shaping perceptions to promote effective conflict resolution and humanitarian responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jalan raya merupakan salah satu sektor untuk memacu pertumbuhan ekonomi yang pada dasarnya merupakan sektor utama yang menghubungkan berbagai macam aktivitas ekonomi, sosial, dan budaya. Ketersediaan jalan yang baik dan stabil berpengaruh terhadap kelancaran lalulintas. Pengelolaan yang baik serta pemeliharaan jalan yang terus menerus mampu mempertahankan umur rencana jalan. Mengingat dana yang sangat terbatas yang dialokasikan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Utara setiap tahunnya untuk pemeliharaan jalan, maka perlu dilakukan skala prioritas pelaksanaan pemeliharaan jalan yang ada. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui urutan prioritas penanganan pemeliharaan jalan, berdasarkan data survei yang dianalisis dengan skala Likert. Parameter yang diperhitungkan meliputi kondisi permukaan jalan, lalulintas harian rata-rata, kapasitas jalan dan tingkat pelayanan jalan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei dan pengumpulan data di lapangan. Selanjutnya melakukan analisa data untuk dapat mengetahui nilai urutan prioritas berdasarkan parameter yang telah ditentukan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan pada jalan jalan di kabupaten Aceh Utara, skala prioritas pemeliharaan jalan dilakukan berdasarkan kondisi permukaan jalan dan lalulintas harian rata-rata. Urutan dari skala prioritas pemeliharaan jalan adalah ruas jalan Krueng Mane - Sawang 14 poin (1), ruas jalan Sawang - Riseh Tunong 11 poin (2), ruas jalan Mane Tunong - Pinto Makmur 10 poin (3), ruast jalan Kuta Meuligo - Blang Reuleung 9 poin (4), ruas jalan Menasah Pulo - Teupin Reuseup 8 poin (5), dan ruas jalan Krueng Mane - Bungkah 7 poin (6). Urutan 1-3 masuk dalam peningkatan jalan dan urutan 4-6 merupakan pemeliharaan berkala.

Salah satu fungsi dari lapisan Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course (AC-WC) adalah sebagai lapisan penutup (kedap air) untuk mencegah masuknya air kedalam campuran aspal, yang dapat merusak struktur aspal. Resapan air yang berasal dari limpasan air hujan maupun luapan air selokan dapat masuk kedalam aspal, bila lapisan permukaannya tidak sangat kedap. Oleh karenanya perlu campuran AC-WC yang kedap air, yang dapat diperoleh dengan berbagai modifikasi. Salah satu modifikasi tersebut adalah tambahan lateks dalam campuran AC-WC. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari jumlah tumbukan dengan tambahan bahan lateks terhadap campuran AC-WC dilihat dari sifat Marshall. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan membuat rancangan benda uji standar di laboratorium, dilanjutkan dengan pencarian nilai Kadar Aspal Optimum (KAO). Nilai KAO ditambahkan lateks 2% dengan jumlah tumbukan 2x75, 2x100, 2x125 dan 2x150. Hasil dari jumlah tumbukan untuk benda uji tersebut dilakukan uji Marshall untuk mengetahui sifat Marshal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan jumlah tumbukan 2x75, 2x100, 2x125 dan 2x150 menghasilkan stabiltas berurutan sebesar 2027 kg, 1751 kg, 1672 kg dan 1760 kg. Nilai flow yang dihasilkan beurutan sebesar 3,3 mm, 1,9 mm, 1,6 mm dan 1,3 mm. Hasil penelitian tersebut menujukkan bahwa dengan jumlah tumbukan lebih dari 2x75 semua benda uji campuran AC-WC dengan tambahan lateks 2% dari KAO tidak memenuhi spesifikasi Bina Marga 2010.

This research improves the strength of plastic using avocado seed starch and PLA. The effect of blending avocado seed starch and PLA was optimized using the RSM approach by using two variables: water absorption and biodegradability. Mixing them using RSM gave the best result: 1.8 g of starch and 3 g of PLA. Degradable plastic has a tensile strength of 10.1 MPa, elongation at a break of 85.8%, and a Young's modulus of 190 MPa. Infrared spectroscopy showed that the plastic had a -OH bond at 3273.20 cm−1, 3502.73 cm−1, and 3647.39 cm−1, a CH2 bond at 2953.52 cm−1, 2945.30 cm−1, and 2902.87 cm−1, a C=C bond at 1631.78 cm−1, and a C-O bond at 1741.72 cm−1. The plastic decomposed in the soil. It was organic and hydrophilic. Thermal tests demonstrated that the plastic can withstand heat well, losing weight at 356.86 °C to 413.64 °C, forming crystals and plastic melts at 159.10 °C—the same as PLA. In the melt flow test, the sample melted before measurement, and was therefore not measurable—process conditions affected it. A water absorption of 5.763% and biodegradation rate of 37.988% were found when the samples were decomposed for 12 days. The starch and PLA fused in the morphology analysis to form a smooth surface. The RSM value was close to 1. The RSM gave the best process parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biodiesel, an alternative to traditional diesel, is essential for the sustainability of long-term energy supplies and often synthesized through a non-alcoholic route called interesterification. The described synthesis method facilitates the modification of oil and fat by exchanging acyl radical groups between triglyceride and alcoholic acid (alcoholysis), fat (acidolysis), or ester (transesterification). Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of the reactant ratio between crude palm oil (CPO) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), along with the use of an eco-enzyme catalyst, on biodiesel characteristics. The CPO:DMC ratio was 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3, while the immobilized eco-enzyme catalyst was 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6% of CPO mass. The results showed that interesterification with a 1:3 reactant ratio using a 4%wt catalyst was the best procedure, producing biodiesel yield of 73.65%, density of 0.860 g/mL, viscosity of 4.63 mm2/s (cSt), flash point of 113 °C, calorific value of 34.454 MJ/kg, and cetane number of 70.6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an approach for hydrolyzing cellulose nanocrystals from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) presented through hydrochloric acid hydrolysis under sonication-hydrothermal conditions. Differences in concentration, reaction time, and acid-to-cellulose ratio affect toward the yield, crystallinity, microstructure, and thermal stability were obtained. The highest yield of cellulose nanocrystals up to 74.82%, crystallinity up to 78.59%, and a maximum degradation temperature (T max ) of 339.82 °C were achieved through hydrolysis using 3 M HCl at 110 °C during 1 h. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a higher diffraction peak pattern at 2θ = 22.6° and a low diffraction peak pattern at 2θ = 18°. All cellulose nanocrystals showed a crystalline size of under 1 nm, and it was indicated that the sonication-hydrothermal process could reduce the crystalline size of cellulose. Infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that a deletion of lignin and hemicellulose was demonstrated in the spectrum. Cellulose nanocrystal morphology showed a more compact structure and well-ordered surface arrangement than cellulose. Cellulose nanocrystals also had good thermal stability, as a high maximum degradation temperature was indicated, where CNC-D1 began degrading at temperatures (T 0 ) of 307.09 °C and decomposed (T max ) at 340.56 °C.