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AbstractThis paper aims to provide an overview of the application of freeze-drying in the field of cultural heritage. The possibility of removing water from an object at low temperature, thus preserving most of its specific features that would be lost at high temperature, makes the process the elective choice when restoring water damaged materials. Flooded archives and libraries, due to natural events or to the intervention of fire extinguishing systems, are a typical case where freeze-drying can be applied since the material, after flooding, is brought to a low temperature as soon as possible to cause the water to freeze and, therefore, to block the degradation of the material. Besides, freeze-drying may be used to preserve archaeological finds, e.g. waterlogged woods or wet textiles, by means of water removal. Anyway, in all these cases specific issues must be faced, aiming to preserve the mechanical properties of the object, and this may require ad hoc pretreatments. It must be highlighted that in some cases the occurrence of a freeze-drying process, in particular of the atmospheric freeze-drying process, is undesired for the preservation of finds, and this must be carefully managed. Finally, the possibility of using freeze-drying to create works of art will also be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control rooms rely on operating and emergency procedures to facilitate human-machine interaction and uphold safety in critical systems. These procedures can significantly affect operators' cognitive states, including situational awareness and performance. Therefore, it is imperative to thoroughly examine the impact of diverse procedure designs on operators' cognitive states and behaviour during process intervention. This study scrutinised two intervention procedure representation formats--paper-based and digitised screen-based procedures--originally designed for a prior experimental study. Employing the eye-tracking technique from cognitive science studies during data collection provided comprehensive insights into these two supports. The paper outlines design disparities and potential effects on operators' cognitive states, using eye movement metrics such as fixation, saccade parameters, visits to areas of interest (AOI), and pupil diameter for comparison. Results indicated that participants with paper-based procedures exhibited fewer fixations and longer saccade parameters than those using screen-based procedures, highlighting the impact of design choices on support tools for control room operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]