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This report presents the findings from interviews with principals about their schools' participation in the ASSISTments efficacy study on seventh-grade mathematics. The purpose of the interviews was to explore the following areas: To what extent schools had policies or expectations regarding homework practice and completion; To what extent schools had concerns about homework completion rates; Whether the school had existing practices or norms for teachers to discuss student learning outcomes, and how often teachers met to focus on data; The extent to which principals met with teachers to discuss data; What other initiatives in the district or school could impact curriculum, instruction, assessment, or professional development and what the current priorities were in the school; Factors related to the community such as broad socio-economic status, or level of support for education, that might affect teaching and student achievement in the school.

The article focuses on the strategies for establishing baselines for monitoring and evaluation of climatic changes adaptation in complex context. Topics discussed include the challenges on data availability, complex context and shifting baselines, the contributions of climate projections in forming baselines for adaptation interventions, and the use of propensity score matching (PSM) technique to construct a matched comparison group.

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A glossary of terms related to monitoring and evaluation of climate change adaptation is presented.

The article focuses on the integration of learning into evaluation and monitoring for adaptation in an organization. Topics discussed include the importance of improving approaches and investments effectiveness through better evaluation and monitoring, two interlinked loops of learning which are single-loop learning and double-loop learning, and ways to make learning more inherent to evaluation and monitoring such as building explicit learning phase and participation of beneficiaries.

The article focuses on the importance of participatory monitoring and evaluation of an organization for its accountability. Topics discussed include an extensive survey on global food and financial crisis in 2008 which provides a narrative from affected person, participatory techniques for evaluating and monitoring adaptation along with the challenges it features, and another participatory approach which is beneficiary monitoring that involves citizen scorecards and public perception surveys.

The article presents the techniques for the environmental evaluation over long time horizons. Topics discussed include the quantitative monitoring and evaluation driven by the physical characteristics of ecosystems, the use of the Limiting Factor Analysis (LFA) to inform the evaluation of adaptation, and evaluation of biodiversity projects using LFA.

The article focuses on identifying the counterfactuals for monitoring and evaluating climate change adaptation. Topics discussed include the significance of quasi-experimental and qualitative methods in determining the impact of adaptation intervention such as propensity score matching (PSM), the impact of the intervention on individuals within the population affected by the intervention, and the use of participatory method such as semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion.

A table is presented regarding the approaches and methods used for monitoring and evaluation of climate change adaptation.

The article discusses the examples of evaluation addressing the programme evolution over a long time. Topics discussed include the use of contribution rather than attribution approach in the evaluations, the quantitative monitoring and evaluation using the physical characteristics of ecosystems, and the used statistical analysis for the identification of post-restoration changes.

The article focuses on the status of long-term monitoring and evaluation in climatic change adaptation. It examines the monitoring and evaluation techniques used to evaluate the change over the long time horizons. It provides recommendations for monitoring and evaluation of climatic changes adaptation such as assessing the contribution of the changes to a general direction.

The article focuses on setting targets in climate change adaptation. It discusses sequential targeting which involves regular appraisal of goals in a changing context and scenario based targeting which can be used as an alternative approach when the results are unclear and uncertain. It relates the Violence against Women and Girls (VAWG) project in Bihar, India which aims to change social norms and to prevent violence against women.

The article focuses on the aspect of evaluating the result of intervention in climate change adaptation initiative. Topics discussed include considering various factors related to intervention including theories, assumptions on its nature, and the impact of external factors, the significance of the theory of change which will entails a critical reflection as to how the programme achieves change, and conducting context analysis on climate risk and vulnerabilities.

The article focuses on the baselines and targets to measure the performance of climate change adaptation initiatives. Topics discussed include the challenges in establishing targets and baselines such as long term outcome planning and climate change information system gap, the significance of various monitoring and evaluation techniques, and recommendations for the use of these techniques.

The article focuses on measuring attribution of climate change adaptation initiatives. It introduces monitoring and evaluation techniques that can help to measure the attribution of adaptation initiatives when experimental methods cannot be applied, establish counterfactuals for adaptation monitoring and evaluation, and apply theories of change. It discusses recommendations for monitoring and evaluation.

The article focuses on selection of methods for monitoring and evaluation of climate change adaptation. It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of all methods and how they complement each other for greater clarity. It also presents a table which lists the categories of methods and approaches for monitoring and evaluation including formal social science methods, econometrics, and experiment-related methods.

An introduction is presented which discusses various reports within the issue on topics including methods for monitoring and evaluating climate change adaptation, options for addressing methodological challenges, and how monitoring and evaluation can contribute to learning and accountability needs.

The article focuses on an overview of a report about monitoring and evaluation of programmes and development projects associated with climate change. It states that the paper centers on three of the main challenges for monitoring and evaluating climate change adaptation such as assessing the attribution of an intervention to adaptation, establishing baselines and targets for climate change initiatives, and how to settle the time horizons with shorter assessment cycles.

The article offers information on learning and accountability which was described through the challenges faced by agencies from being accountable to beneficiaries and providers of development co-operation. It mentions techniques to increase accountability, ways to identify how learning could be integrated into programmes and teams to create an iterative feedback loop to reassess and improve outcome, and the importance of participatory techniques to adapt.

The article offers information on the Sustaining Lakes in a Changing Environment (SLICE) project, which is a long-term environmental monitoring programme of the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Section of Fisheries.

The article lists several acronyms and terms related to monitoring and evaluation of climate change adaptation.

The article discusses the "Monitoring and Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation: Methodological Approaches" reports from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Task Team on Climate Change and Development Co-operation.

This paper explores methodological approaches that can be used to monitor and evaluate climate change adaptation initiatives at the projects and programme levels. It examines approaches that have been used in other areas of development practice to see what lessons have been learned that can inform the development of monitoring and evaluation frameworks targeted at adaptation. The paper focuses on three methodological challenges related to monitoring and evaluation that are particularly relevant for adaptation: i) assessing attribution, ii) establishing baselines and targets, and iii) dealing with long time horizons. The paper also considers the importance of on-going learning in evaluation and the benefit of applying a comprehensive approach to monitoring and evaluation, building on tested practices from participatory methods and social sciences techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]