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Introduction: Thyroid diseases have effects on metabolism and inflammation. Adipocytokines have autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine functions on several organs which have a central role in subclinical inflammation of adipose tissue, and obese adipose tissue secretes proinflammatory adipokines such as visfatin, and resistin. Cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune thyroid diseases. Methods: All samples were conducted at Salah Aldeen General Hospital and the specific private clinic in Tikrit which started from November 2022 to February 2023, the study samples included (30) individuals with hyperthyroidism, (30) individuals with hypothyroidism, and (30) healthy individuals with age (18-76) years. Results: Adipokines (resistin and visfatin) and interleukins (IL10 and IL32) were increased in hypo and hyperthyroidism rather than control. Conclusion: The effect of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response of some adipokines and interleukins affect the pathogenesis role in thyroid diseases.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systematic autoimmune disorder with chronic inflammation changes of unknown etiology. Various synovial inflammatory and proliferative alterations may contribute to the cartilaginous tissues and invasive bony tissues, leading to destructive joints and malformed bones. This disease is mostly due to infective microorganisms or genetic susceptibility causing immune system disturbances through triggering both T-cells and B-cells. Furthermore, different immune cells may secret cytokines, which are responsible for some RA pathogenesis activity. From ninety individuals, serum sample was collected; thirty of them were normal and sixty cases were patients with RA attended a privet medical clinic at Tikrit city from May 2019 to November 2019. Age, in both patients and control groups, ranged between (18-50) years, they had assay of Interleukin-1 (IL-1), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Leptin, Adiponectin, and C-reactive protein. The present study shows that (IL-1, Leptin, and CRP) levels were higher in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients than control, while (IL-6, IL-10, TNFα, and ADP) levels were lower; therefore, cytokines can play an essential role in RA pathogenesis. The current study may bring attention to adiponectin and leptin for their roles in the pathogenesis of RA. Special consideration was devoted to those proteins, which act on cells associated with RA, also for possible usage of these protein levels as potential biomarkers for the disease activity and therapeutic response.

This study included ( 150 ) samples of women used Contraceptives in (Samaraa General Hospital) (30) blood draw pulled from healthy women as Control sample. The samples were divided into three groups; the first group: -(60) women used combined oral contraceptive pill (COCs) the second group: -(60) women used Progesterone Only Pills(POPs). The third group was the healthy women. The results of the study indicated significant numbers decrease in the Concentration of the Potassium Ion at level (P