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4. Update of the Genetic Variability of Monkeypox Virus Clade IIb Lineage B.1.

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, Azzena, Ilenia, Ciccozzi, Alessandra, Branda, Francesco, Locci, Chiara, Perra, Maria, Pascale, Noemi, Romano, Chiara, Ceccarelli, Giancarlo, Terrazzano, Giuseppe, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Ciccozzi, Massimo, Casu, Marco, and Sanna, Daria

Subjects
ZOONOSES, GENETIC variation, MONKEYPOX, VIRAL variation, MOLECULAR epidemiology
Abstract

From 1 January 2022 to 31 May 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported 97,745 laboratory-confirmed Mpox cases, including 203 deaths, across 116 countries. Despite a 2.3% decrease in new cases in May 2024 compared to April 2024, significant regional variations persist. The African Region reported the highest proportion of new cases, while other regions experienced mixed trends. Phylogenomic analyses of the Mpox virus Clade IIb lineage B.1 reveal stable genetic variability with minimal diversification. The Bayesian Skyline Plot indicates a generally stable viral population size with a modest peak in late 2023, followed by a decline. In general, the data indicate that the MPXV outbreak is primarily localized within a few consistent geographic clusters. The virus's evolution is relatively slow, as indicated by its stable genetic variability, and Clade IIb lineage B.1 does not currently show signs of rapid genetic changes or population growth. The current low level of genetic diversity should not lead to complacency. Ongoing genomic surveillance is essential for effective outbreak management and understanding. This monitoring is crucial for identifying any shifts in the virus's behavior or transmission, allowing for prompt public health responses and adjustments. In addition, continued vigilance is necessary to detect any new variants that might influence the outbreak's trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Trichomonas vaginalis homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor induces prostate cell growth, invasiveness, and inflammatory responses

Author

Twu, Olivia, Dessí, Daniele, Vu, Anh, Mercer, Frances, Stevens, Grant C, de Miguel, Natalia, Rappelli, Paola, Cocco, Anna Rita, Clubb, Robert T, Fiori, Pier Luigi, and Johnson, Patricia J

Subjects
Urologic Diseases, Aging, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Rare Diseases, Prostate Cancer, Infectious Diseases, Cancer, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Amino Acid Sequence, Cell Line, Tumor, Cells, Cultured, Conserved Sequence, Humans, Intramolecular Oxidoreductases, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors, Macrophages, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms, Protozoan Proteins, Sequence Homology, Trichomonas Infections, Trichomonas vaginalis
Abstract

The human-infective parasite Trichomonas vaginalis causes the most prevalent nonviral sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Infections in men may result in colonization of the prostate and are correlated with increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer. We have found that T. vaginalis secretes a protein, T. vaginalis macrophage migration inhibitory factor (TvMIF), that is 47% similar to human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (HuMIF), a proinflammatory cytokine. Because HuMIF is reported to be elevated in prostate cancer and inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cancers, we have explored a role for TvMIF in prostate cancer. Here, we show that TvMIF has tautomerase activity, inhibits macrophage migration, and is proinflammatory. We also demonstrate that TvMIF binds the human CD74 MIF receptor with high affinity, comparable to that of HuMIF, which triggers activation of ERK, Akt, and Bcl-2-associated death promoter phosphorylation at a physiologically relevant concentration (1 ng/mL, 80 pM). TvMIF increases the in vitro growth and invasion through Matrigel of benign and prostate cancer cells. Sera from patients infected with T. vaginalis are reactive to TvMIF, especially in males. The presence of anti-TvMIF antibodies indicates that TvMIF is released by the parasite and elicits host immune responses during infection. Together, these data indicate that chronic T. vaginalis infections may result in TvMIF-driven inflammation and cell proliferation, thus triggering pathways that contribute to the promotion and progression of prostate cancer.

Published
2014

12. Integrative Genome-Based Survey of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB.1.16 Variant

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, primary, Azzena, Ilenia, additional, Ciccozzi, Alessandra, additional, Giovanetti, Marta, additional, Locci, Chiara, additional, Casu, Marco, additional, Fiori, Pier Luigi, additional, Borsetti, Alessandra, additional, Cella, Eleonora, additional, Quaranta, Miriana, additional, Pascarella, Stefano, additional, Sanna, Daria, additional, and Ciccozzi, Massimo, additional

Published
2023
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13. Genetic and structural genome-based survey reveals the low potential for epidemiological expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 sublineage

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, Imperia, Elena, Azzena, Ilenia, Giovanetti, Marta, Benvenuto, Domenico, Locci, Chiara, Casu, Marco, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Maruotti, Antonello, Ceccarelli, Giancarlo, Borsetti, Alessandra, Caruso, Arnaldo, Cauda, Roberto, Cassone, Antonio, Via, Allegra, Pascarella, Stefano, Sanna, Daria, and Ciccozzi, Massimo

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, sars cov, Settore M-PSI/02 - PSICOBIOLOGIA E PSICOLOGIA FISIOLOGICA, survey
Published
2023

17. SARS-CoV-2 Recombinants: Genomic Comparison between XBF and Its Parental Lineages

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, primary, Locci, Chiara, additional, Azzena, Ilenia, additional, Casu, Marco, additional, Fiori, Pier Luigi, additional, Ciccozzi, Alessandra, additional, Giovanetti, Marta, additional, Quaranta, Miriana, additional, Ceccarelli, Giancarlo, additional, Pascarella, Stefano, additional, Ciccozzi, Massimo, additional, and Sanna, Daria, additional

Published
2023
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18. Trichomonas

Author

Fiori, Pier Luigi, Rappelli, Paola, Dessì, Daniele, Hirt, Robert, Gould, Sven, Tachezy, Jan, Hrdy, Ivan, Walochnik, Julia, editor, and Duchêne, Michael, editor

Published
2016
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21. Gut microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome, focus on genetic associations: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.

Author

Jing Wang, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Capobianco, Giampiero, Carru, Ciriaco, and Zhichao Chen

Subjects
GUT microbiome, POLYCYSTIC ovary syndrome, INDUCED ovulation, GENOME-wide association studies, SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms, BONFERRONI correction
Abstract

Background: The contribution of gut microbiota to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is controversial. The causal relationship to this question is worth an in-depth comprehensive of known single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with gut microbiota. Methods: We conducted bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) utilizing instrumental variables associated with gut microbiota (N = 18,340) from MiBioGen GWAS to assess their impact on PCOS risk in the FinnGen GWAS (27,943 PCOS cases and 162,936 controls). Two-sample MR using inverse variance weighting (IVW) was undertaken, followed by the weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger regression. In a subsample, we replicated our findings using themeta-analysis PCOS consortium (10,074 cases and 103,164 controls) from European ancestry. Results: IVWMR results suggested that six gut microbiota were causally associated with PCOS features. After adjusting BMI, SHBG, fasting insulin, testosterone, and alcohol intake frequency, the effect sizes were significantly reduced. Reverse MR analysis revealed that the effects of PCOS features on 13 gut microbiota no longer remained significant after sensitivity analysis and Bonferroni corrections. MR replication analysis was consistent and the results suggest that gut microbiota was likely not an independent cause of PCOS. Conclusion: Our findings did not support the causal relationships between the gut microbiota and PCOS features at the genetic level. More comprehensive genome-wide association studies of the gut microbiota and PCOS are warranted to confirm their genetic relationship. Declaration: This study contains 3533 words, 0 tables, and six figures in the text as well as night supplementary files and 0 supplementary figures in the Supplementary material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. Genome‐based survey of the SARS‐CoV‐2 BF.7 variant from Asia

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, primary, Giovanetti, Marta, additional, Azzena, Ilenia, additional, Locci, Chiara, additional, Casu, Marco, additional, Fiori, Pier Luigi, additional, Ciccozzi, Alessandra, additional, Imperia, Elena, additional, Bazzani, Liliana, additional, Borsetti, Alessandra, additional, Maruotti, Antonello, additional, Pascarella, Stefano, additional, Sanna, Daria, additional, and Ciccozzi, Massimo, additional

Published
2023
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23. Molecular In-Depth on the Epidemiological Expansion of SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, primary, Azzena, Ilenia, additional, Locci, Chiara, additional, Casu, Marco, additional, Fiori, Pier Luigi, additional, Ciccozzi, Alessandra, additional, Angeletti, Silvia, additional, Imperia, Elena, additional, Giovanetti, Marta, additional, Maruotti, Antonello, additional, Borsetti, Alessandra, additional, Cauda, Roberto, additional, Cassone, Antonio, additional, Via, Allegra, additional, Pascarella, Stefano, additional, Sanna, Daria, additional, and Ciccozzi, Massimo, additional

Published
2023
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24. Genome‐based comparison between the recombinant SARS‐CoV‐2 XBB and its parental lineages

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, primary, Sanna, Daria, additional, Azzena, Ilenia, additional, Casu, Marco, additional, Cossu, Piero, additional, Fiori, Pier Luigi, additional, Benvenuto, Domenico, additional, Imperia, Elena, additional, Giovanetti, Marta, additional, Ceccarelli, Giancarlo, additional, Cauda, Roberto, additional, Cassone, Antonio, additional, Pascarella, Stefano, additional, and Ciccozzi, Massimo, additional

Published
2023
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25. Genome-based comparison between the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 XBB and its parental lineages

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, Sanna, Daria, Azzena, Ilenia, Casu, Marco, Cossu, Piero, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Benvenuto, Domenico, Imperia, Elena, Giovanetti, Marta, Ceccarelli, Giancarlo, Cauda, Roberto, Cassone, Antonio, Pascarella, Stefano, Ciccozzi, Massimo, Cauda, Roberto (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229), Scarpa, Fabio, Sanna, Daria, Azzena, Ilenia, Casu, Marco, Cossu, Piero, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Benvenuto, Domenico, Imperia, Elena, Giovanetti, Marta, Ceccarelli, Giancarlo, Cauda, Roberto, Cassone, Antonio, Pascarella, Stefano, Ciccozzi, Massimo, and Cauda, Roberto (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229)

Abstract

Recombination is the main contributor to RNA virus evolution, and SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic produced several recombinants. The most recent SARS-CoV-2 recombinant is the lineage labeled XBB, also known as Gryphon, which arose from BJ.1 and BM.1.1.1. Here we performed a genome-based survey aimed to compare the new recombinant with its parental lineages that never became dominant. Genetic analyses indicated that the recombinant XBB and its first descendant XBB.1 show an evolutionary condition typical of an evolutionary blind background with no further epidemiologically relevant descendant. Genetic variability and expansion capabilities are slightly higher than parental lineages. Bayesian Skyline Plot indicates that XBB reached its plateau around October 6, 2022 and after an initial rapid growth the viral population size did not further expand, and around November 10, 2022 its levels of genetic variability decreased. Simultaneously with the reduction of the XBB population size, an increase of the genetic variability of its first sub-lineage XBB.1 occurred, that in turn reached the plateau around November 9, 2022 showing a kind of vicariance with its direct progenitors. Structure analysis indicates that the affinity for ACE2 surface in XBB/XBB.1 RBDs is weaker than for BA.2 RBD. In conclusion, at present XBB and XBB.1 do not show evidence about a particular danger or high expansion capability. Genome-based monitoring must continue uninterrupted in order to individuate if further mutations can make XBB more dangerous or generate new subvariants with different expansion capability. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2023

26. Patterns of antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma hominisendosymbiont of Trichomonas vaginalisand the influence of bacterial intracellular location on drug susceptibility

Author

Margarita, Valentina, Carboni, Gavino, Diaz, Nicia, Rappelli, Paola, and Fiori, Pier Luigi

Abstract

•M. hominis isolates from T. vaginalis were resistant to C-14 and C15 macrolide members but susceptible to josamycin, followed by quinolone members groups.•The incidence rate of M. hominis resistant to erythromycin, roxithromycin and clarythromycin was higher in endosymbiotic strains.•The intracellular location of M. hominis seems to influence the susceptibility of tetracycline.•In pregnant women, T. vaginalis presence should be done as routine control since M. hominis endosymbionts exhibited the high prevalence rate of resistant to macrolides.

Published
2023
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27. Genome-based comparison between the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 XBB and its parental lineages

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, primary, Sanna, Daria, additional, Azzena, Ilenia, additional, Casu, Marco, additional, Cossu, Piero, additional, Fiori, Pier Luigi, additional, Benvenuto, Domenico, additional, Imperia, Elena, additional, Giovanetti, Marta, additional, Ceccarelli, Giancarlo, additional, Cauda, Roberto, additional, Cassone, Antonio, additional, Pascarella, Stefano, additional, and Ciccozzi, Massimo, additional

Published
2022
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28. Genetic and Structural Data on the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BQ.1 Variant Reveal Its Low Potential for Epidemiological Expansion

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, primary, Sanna, Daria, additional, Benvenuto, Domenico, additional, Borsetti, Alessandra, additional, Azzena, Ilenia, additional, Casu, Marco, additional, Fiori, Pier Luigi, additional, Giovanetti, Marta, additional, Maruotti, Antonello, additional, Ceccarelli, Giancarlo, additional, Caruso, Arnaldo, additional, Caccuri, Francesca, additional, Cauda, Roberto, additional, Cassone, Antonio, additional, Pascarella, Stefano, additional, and Ciccozzi, Massimo, additional

Published
2022
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30. Genetic Variability of the Monkeypox Virus Clade IIb B.1

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, primary, Sanna, Daria, additional, Azzena, Ilenia, additional, Cossu, Piero, additional, Locci, Chiara, additional, Angeletti, Silvia, additional, Maruotti, Antonello, additional, Ceccarelli, Giancarlo, additional, Casu, Marco, additional, Fiori, Pier Luigi, additional, Petrosillo, Nicola, additional, and Ciccozzi, Massimo, additional

Published
2022
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34. Effect of the Symbiosis with Mycoplasma hominis and Candidatus Mycoplasma Girerdii on Trichomonas vaginalis Metronidazole Susceptibility

Author

Margarita, Valentina, primary, Cao, Le Chi, additional, Bailey, Nicholas P., additional, Ngoc, Thuy Ha Thi, additional, Ngo, Thi Minh Chau, additional, Nu, Phuong Anh Ton, additional, Diaz, Nicia, additional, Dessì, Daniele, additional, Hirt, Robert P., additional, Fiori, Pier Luigi, additional, and Rappelli, Paola, additional

Published
2022
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35. Genetic and Structural Data on the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BQ.1 Variant Reveal Its Low Potential for Epidemiological Expansion

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, Sanna, Daria, Benvenuto, Domenico, Borsetti, Alessandra, Azzena, Ilenia, Casu, Marco, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Giovanetti, Marta, Maruotti, Antonello, Ceccarelli, Giancarlo, Caruso, Arnaldo, Caccuri, Francesca, Cauda, Roberto, Cassone, Antonio, Pascarella, Stefano, Ciccozzi, Massimo, Cauda, Roberto (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229), Scarpa, Fabio, Sanna, Daria, Benvenuto, Domenico, Borsetti, Alessandra, Azzena, Ilenia, Casu, Marco, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Giovanetti, Marta, Maruotti, Antonello, Ceccarelli, Giancarlo, Caruso, Arnaldo, Caccuri, Francesca, Cauda, Roberto, Cassone, Antonio, Pascarella, Stefano, Ciccozzi, Massimo, and Cauda, Roberto (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229)

Abstract

The BQ.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant, also known as Cerberus, is one of the most recent Omicron descendant lineages. Compared to its direct progenitor BA.5, BQ.1 has some additional spike mutations in some key antigenic sites, which confer further immune escape ability over other circulating lineages. In such a context, here, we perform a genome-based survey aimed at obtaining a complete-as-possible nuance of this rapidly evolving Omicron subvariant. Genetic data suggest that BQ.1 represents an evolutionary blind background, lacking the rapid diversification that is typical of a dangerous lineage. Indeed, the evolutionary rate of BQ.1 is very similar to that of BA.5 (7.6 x 10(-4) and 7 x 10(-4) subs/site/year, respectively), which has been circulating for several months. The Bayesian Skyline Plot reconstruction indicates a low level of genetic variability, suggesting that the peak was reached around 3 September 2022. Concerning the affinity for ACE2, structure analyses (also performed by comparing the properties of BQ.1 and BA.5 RBD) indicate that the impact of the BQ.1 mutations may be modest. Likewise, immunoinformatic analyses showed moderate differences between the BQ.1 and BA5 potential B-cell epitopes. In conclusion, genetic and structural analyses on SARS-CoV-2 BQ.1 suggest no evidence of a particularly dangerous or high expansion capability. Genome-based monitoring must continue uninterrupted for a better understanding of its descendants and all other lineages.

Published
2022

36. Draft Genome Sequence of the Sexually Transmitted Pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis

Author

Carlton, Jane M., Hirt, Robert P., Silva, Joana C., Delcher, Arthur L., Schatz, Michael, Zhao, Qi, Wortman, Jennifer R., Bidwell, Shelby L., Alsmark, U. Cecilia M., Besteiro, Sébastien, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Noel, Christophe J., Dacks, Joel B., Foster, Peter G., Simillion, Cedric, Van de Peer, Yves, Miranda-Saavedra, Diego, Barton, Geoffrey J., Westrop, Gareth D., Müller, Sylke, Dessi, Daniele, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Ren, Qinghu, Paulsen, Ian, Zhang, Hanbang, Bastida-Corcuera, Felix D., Simoes-Barbosa, Augusto, Brown, Mark T., Hayes, Richard D., Mukherjee, Mandira, Okumura, Cheryl Y., Schneider, Rachel, Smith, Alias J., Vanacova, Stepanka, Villalvazo, Maria, Haas, Brian J., Pertea, Mihaela, Feldblyum, Tamara V., Utterback, Terry R., Shu, Chung-Li, Osoegawa, Kazutoyo, de Jong, Pieter J., Hrdy, Ivan, Horvathova, Lenka, Zubacova, Zuzana, Dolezal, Pavel, Malik, Shehre-Banoo, Logsdon, John M., Henze, Katrin, Gupta, Arti, Wang, Ching C., Dunne, Rebecca L., Upcroft, Jacqueline A., Upcroft, Peter, White, Owen, Salzberg, Steven L., Tang, Petrus, Chiu, Cheng-Hsun, Lee, Ying-Shiung, Embley, T. Martin, Coombs, Graham H., Mottram, Jeremy C., Tachezy, Jan, Fraser-Liggett, Claire M., and Johnson, Patricia J.

Published
2007
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37. On the SARS‐CoV‐2 BA.2.75 variant: A genetic and structural point of view.

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, Sanna, Daria, Azzena, Ilenia, Giovanetti, Marta, Benvenuto, Domenico, Angeletti, Silvia, Ceccarelli, Giancarlo, Pascarella, Stefano, Casu, Marco, Fiori, Pier Luigi, and Ciccozzi, Massimo

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, GENETIC variation, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, ELECTRIC potential
Abstract

R493 may interact with ACE2 E35 through a salt bridge that is absent in BA.5 and in BA.2.75 where R is replaced by Q. This may suggest that BA.2.75 has an interface interaction to ACE2 similar to BA.5 but different from BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3. Indeed, at the beginning of the current pandemic, the evolutionary rate of the first lineage of SARS-CoV-2 was about 6.58e SP -3 sp subs/site/year,[5] which means that BA.2.75 presents a factor of 10 SP -1 sp more slow than Wuhan-Hu-1 variant. Due to the continuing evolution of SARS-CoV-2, the formation of new variants is not a novelty or a sporadic case, but it is a certainty that periodically recurs.[1] One of the most recent variants is represented by the subvariant BA.2.75, also known as Centaurus. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023
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40. Update on the Phylodynamics of SADS-CoV

Author

Scarpa, Fabio, primary, Sanna, Daria, additional, Azzena, Ilenia, additional, Cossu, Piero, additional, Giovanetti, Marta, additional, Benvenuto, Domenico, additional, Coradduzza, Elisabetta, additional, Alexiev, Ivailo, additional, Casu, Marco, additional, Fiori, Pier Luigi, additional, and Ciccozzi, Massimo, additional

Published
2021
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41. Additional file 3 of Characterisation of mobile genetic elements in Mycoplasma hominis with the description of ICEHo-II, a variant mycoplasma integrative and conjugative element

Author

Henrich, Birgit, Hammerlage, Stephanie, Scharf, Sebastian, Haberhausen, Diana, Fürnkranz, Ursula, Köhrer, Karl, Peitzmann, Lena, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Spergser, Joachim, Pfeffer, Klaus, and Dilthey, Alexander T.

Abstract

Additional file 3. Phylogeny of MhoM and CDS11. MhoM encoded proteins of ICEHo-I and -II elements of strains FBG, SP10291, PL5, 4788 and TO0613 were clustered with the respective CDS11 genes in multiple sequence alignment using Clustal W. A.) Phylogenetic tree of MhoM and CDS11 encoded proteins. B.) Percent identities and divergences of MhoM and CDS11 proteins.

Published
2020
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42. Additional file 1 of Characterisation of mobile genetic elements in Mycoplasma hominis with the description of ICEHo-II, a variant mycoplasma integrative and conjugative element

Author

Henrich, Birgit, Hammerlage, Stephanie, Scharf, Sebastian, Haberhausen, Diana, Fürnkranz, Ursula, Köhrer, Karl, Peitzmann, Lena, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Spergser, Joachim, Pfeffer, Klaus, and Dilthey, Alexander T.

Abstract

Additional file 1. Homology of CDS6. Deduced protein sequences of CDS6 derived from M. hominis strains FBG (BHBFJMJE_00471), SP10291 (HDENHCDK_00553), TO0613 (WP_036439043.1), PL5 (WP_036439043.1), and 4788 (WP_036439043.1) and of M. fermentans strains M64 (ADV34390.1 (I) and ADV34456.1(II)) and PG18 (ICEF-IA (AAN85216.1 (IA)) and ICEF-II-A (AAN85259.1 (II-A)). Two chromosomal proteins of M. hominis PG21 (MHO_0070 (CAX37141.1) and MHO_1280 (CAX37262.1)) were used as unrelated ICE-outliners in ClustalW-based Multiple Sequence Alignment. A. Phylogenetic tree; B. Percent amino acid identities and divergences; and C. Multiple Sequence Alignment of CDS6 encoded proteins. Identical amino acids are marked in green, isofunctional amino acids marked in yellow.

Published
2020
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43. Additional file 2 of Characterisation of mobile genetic elements in Mycoplasma hominis with the description of ICEHo-II, a variant mycoplasma integrative and conjugative element

Author

Henrich, Birgit, Hammerlage, Stephanie, Scharf, Sebastian, Haberhausen, Diana, Fürnkranz, Ursula, Köhrer, Karl, Peitzmann, Lena, Fiori, Pier Luigi, Spergser, Joachim, Pfeffer, Klaus, and Dilthey, Alexander T.

Abstract

Additional file 2. Clustering of MhoH and MhoJ. MhoH and MhoJ proteins of FBG, SP10291, PL5 and TO0613 were clustered in multiple sequence alignment using Clustal W and divided in five subgroups (MhoH1 to MhoH3 and MhoJ1 and MhoJ2) according to their phylogenetic relationship (A.). All MhoH and MhoJ proteins carried the TAL-effector motif in the C-terminal part (B.). Percent amino acid identities and divergences are shown in C.).

Published
2020
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46. Trichomonas vaginalis Pathobiology

Author

Hirt, Robert P., primary, de Miguel, Natalia, additional, Nakjang, Sirintra, additional, Dessi, Daniele, additional, Liu, Yuk-Chien, additional, Diaz, Nicia, additional, Rappelli, Paola, additional, Acosta-Serrano, Alvaro, additional, Fiori, Pier-Luigi, additional, and Mottram, Jeremy C., additional

Published
2011
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