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1. The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

Author

Davis, B, Chevalier, M, Sommer, P, Carter, V, Finsinger, W, Mauri, A, Phelps, L, Zanon, M, Abegglen, R, Akesson, C, Alba-Sanchez, F, Scott Anderson, R, Antipina, T, Atanassova, J, Beer, R, Belyanina, N, Blyakharchuk, T, Borisova, O, Bozilova, E, Bukreeva, G, Jane Bunting, M, Clo, E, Colombaroli, D, Combourieu-Nebout, N, Desprat, S, Di Rita, F, Djamali, M, Edwards, K, Fall, P, Feurdean, A, Fletcher, W, Florenzano, A, Furlanetto, G, Gaceur, E, Galimov, A, Galka, M, Garcia-Moreiras, I, Giesecke, T, Grindean, R, Guido, M, Gvozdeva, I, Herzschuh, U, Hjelle, K, Ivanov, S, Jahns, S, Jankovska, V, Jimenez-Moreno, G, Karpinska-Kolaczek, M, Kitaba, I, Kolaczek, P, Lapteva, E, Latalowa, M, Lebreton, V, Leroy, S, Leydet, M, Lopatina, D, Lopez-Saez, J, Lotter, A, Magri, D, Marinova, E, Matthias, I, Mavridou, A, Mercuri, A, Mesa-Fernandez, J, Mikishin, Y, Milecka, K, Montanari, C, Morales-Molino, C, Mrotzek, A, Sobrino, C, Naidina, O, Nakagawa, T, Nielsen, A, Novenko, E, Panajiotidis, S, Panova, N, Papadopoulou, M, Pardoe, H, Pedziszewska, A, Petrenko, T, Ramos-Roman, M, Ravazzi, C, Rosch, M, Ryabogina, N, Ruiz, S, Sakari Salonen, J, Sapelko, T, Schofield, J, Seppa, H, Shumilovskikh, L, Stivrins, N, Stojakowits, P, Svitavska, H, Swieta-Musznicka, J, Tantau, I, Tinner, W, Tobolski, K, Tonkov, S, Tsakiridou, M, Valsecchi, V, Zanina, O, Zimny, M, Davis B. A. S., Chevalier M., Sommer P., Carter V. A., Finsinger W., Mauri A., Phelps L. N., Zanon M., Abegglen R., Akesson C. M., Alba-Sanchez F., Scott Anderson R., Antipina T. G., Atanassova J. R., Beer R., Belyanina N. I., Blyakharchuk T. A., Borisova O. K., Bozilova E., Bukreeva G., Jane Bunting M., Clo E., Colombaroli D., Combourieu-Nebout N., Desprat S., Di Rita F., Djamali M., Edwards K. J., Fall P. L., Feurdean A., Fletcher W., Florenzano A., Furlanetto G., Gaceur E., Galimov A. T., Galka M., Garcia-Moreiras I., Giesecke T., Grindean R., Guido M. A., Gvozdeva I. G., Herzschuh U., Hjelle K. L., Ivanov S., Jahns S., Jankovska V., Jimenez-Moreno G., Karpinska-Kolaczek M., Kitaba I., Kolaczek P., Lapteva E. G., Latalowa M., Lebreton V., Leroy S., Leydet M., Lopatina D. A., Lopez-Saez J. A., Lotter A. F., Magri D., Marinova E., Matthias I., Mavridou A., Mercuri A. M., Mesa-Fernandez J. M., Mikishin Y. A., Milecka K., Montanari C., Morales-Molino C., Mrotzek A., Sobrino C. M., Naidina O. D., Nakagawa T., Nielsen A. B., Novenko E. Y., Panajiotidis S., Panova N. K., Papadopoulou M., Pardoe H. S., Pedziszewska A., Petrenko T. I., Ramos-Roman M. J., Ravazzi C., Rosch M., Ryabogina N., Ruiz S. S., Sakari Salonen J., Sapelko T. V., Schofield J. E., Seppa H., Shumilovskikh L., Stivrins N., Stojakowits P., Svitavska H. S., Swieta-Musznicka J., Tantau I., Tinner W., Tobolski K., Tonkov S., Tsakiridou M., Valsecchi V., Zanina O. G., Zimny M., Davis, B, Chevalier, M, Sommer, P, Carter, V, Finsinger, W, Mauri, A, Phelps, L, Zanon, M, Abegglen, R, Akesson, C, Alba-Sanchez, F, Scott Anderson, R, Antipina, T, Atanassova, J, Beer, R, Belyanina, N, Blyakharchuk, T, Borisova, O, Bozilova, E, Bukreeva, G, Jane Bunting, M, Clo, E, Colombaroli, D, Combourieu-Nebout, N, Desprat, S, Di Rita, F, Djamali, M, Edwards, K, Fall, P, Feurdean, A, Fletcher, W, Florenzano, A, Furlanetto, G, Gaceur, E, Galimov, A, Galka, M, Garcia-Moreiras, I, Giesecke, T, Grindean, R, Guido, M, Gvozdeva, I, Herzschuh, U, Hjelle, K, Ivanov, S, Jahns, S, Jankovska, V, Jimenez-Moreno, G, Karpinska-Kolaczek, M, Kitaba, I, Kolaczek, P, Lapteva, E, Latalowa, M, Lebreton, V, Leroy, S, Leydet, M, Lopatina, D, Lopez-Saez, J, Lotter, A, Magri, D, Marinova, E, Matthias, I, Mavridou, A, Mercuri, A, Mesa-Fernandez, J, Mikishin, Y, Milecka, K, Montanari, C, Morales-Molino, C, Mrotzek, A, Sobrino, C, Naidina, O, Nakagawa, T, Nielsen, A, Novenko, E, Panajiotidis, S, Panova, N, Papadopoulou, M, Pardoe, H, Pedziszewska, A, Petrenko, T, Ramos-Roman, M, Ravazzi, C, Rosch, M, Ryabogina, N, Ruiz, S, Sakari Salonen, J, Sapelko, T, Schofield, J, Seppa, H, Shumilovskikh, L, Stivrins, N, Stojakowits, P, Svitavska, H, Swieta-Musznicka, J, Tantau, I, Tinner, W, Tobolski, K, Tonkov, S, Tsakiridou, M, Valsecchi, V, Zanina, O, Zimny, M, Davis B. A. S., Chevalier M., Sommer P., Carter V. A., Finsinger W., Mauri A., Phelps L. N., Zanon M., Abegglen R., Akesson C. M., Alba-Sanchez F., Scott Anderson R., Antipina T. G., Atanassova J. R., Beer R., Belyanina N. I., Blyakharchuk T. A., Borisova O. K., Bozilova E., Bukreeva G., Jane Bunting M., Clo E., Colombaroli D., Combourieu-Nebout N., Desprat S., Di Rita F., Djamali M., Edwards K. J., Fall P. L., Feurdean A., Fletcher W., Florenzano A., Furlanetto G., Gaceur E., Galimov A. T., Galka M., Garcia-Moreiras I., Giesecke T., Grindean R., Guido M. A., Gvozdeva I. G., Herzschuh U., Hjelle K. L., Ivanov S., Jahns S., Jankovska V., Jimenez-Moreno G., Karpinska-Kolaczek M., Kitaba I., Kolaczek P., Lapteva E. G., Latalowa M., Lebreton V., Leroy S., Leydet M., Lopatina D. A., Lopez-Saez J. A., Lotter A. F., Magri D., Marinova E., Matthias I., Mavridou A., Mercuri A. M., Mesa-Fernandez J. M., Mikishin Y. A., Milecka K., Montanari C., Morales-Molino C., Mrotzek A., Sobrino C. M., Naidina O. D., Nakagawa T., Nielsen A. B., Novenko E. Y., Panajiotidis S., Panova N. K., Papadopoulou M., Pardoe H. S., Pedziszewska A., Petrenko T. I., Ramos-Roman M. J., Ravazzi C., Rosch M., Ryabogina N., Ruiz S. S., Sakari Salonen J., Sapelko T. V., Schofield J. E., Seppa H., Shumilovskikh L., Stivrins N., Stojakowits P., Svitavska H. S., Swieta-Musznicka J., Tantau I., Tinner W., Tobolski K., Tonkov S., Tsakiridou M., Valsecchi V., Zanina O. G., and Zimny M.

Abstract

The Eurasian (née European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land cover, and land use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60 % from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated map-based viewer at https://empd2.github.io and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019).

Published
2020

2. The value of long-term history of small and fragmented old-growth forests for restoration ecology

Author

Finsinger, W., Cagliero, E., Morresi, D., Paradis, L., Curovic, M., Garbarino, M., Marchi, N., Meloni, F., Spalevic, V., Lingua, E., Motta, R., Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), and University of Montenegro (UCG)

Subjects
old-growth forest, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, disturbance history, palaeoecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, mountain ecosystem, land-use legacy, forest structure
Abstract

International audience; The long-term history of small and fragmented old-growth forests can provide insights into the legacies of past environmental changes and land-use history in the surrounding landscapes, which can support nature protection and restoration ecology measures.

Published
2022

5. Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum: an assessment based on a global synthesis and analysis of charcoal data

Author

Power, M. J., Marlon, J., Ortiz, N., Bartlein, P. J., Harrison, S. P., Mayle, F. E., Ballouche, A., Bradshaw, R. H. W., Carcaillet, C., Cordova, C., Mooney, S., Moreno, P. I., Prentice, I. C., Thonicke, K., Tinner, W., Whitlock, C., Zhang, Y., Zhao, Y., Ali, A. A., Anderson, R. S., Beer, R., Behling, H., Briles, C., Brown, K. J., Brunelle, A., Bush, M., Camill, P., Chu, G. Q., Clark, J., Colombaroli, D., Connor, S., Daniau, A.-L., Daniels, M., Dodson, J., Doughty, E., Edwards, M. E., Finsinger, W., Foster, D., Frechette, J., Gaillard, M.-J., Gavin, D. G., Gobet, E., Haberle, S., Hallett, D. J., Higuera, P., Hope, G., Horn, S., Inoue, J., Kaltenrieder, P., Kennedy, L., Kong, Z. C., Larsen, C., Long, C. J., Lynch, J., Lynch, E. A., McGlone, M., Meeks, S., Mensing, S., Meyer, G., Minckley, T., Mohr, J., Nelson, D. M., New, J., Newnham, R., Noti, R., Oswald, W., Pierce, J., Richard, P. J. H., Rowe, C., Sanchez Goñi, M. F., Shuman, B. N., Takahara, H., Toney, J., Turney, C., Urrego-Sanchez, D. H., Umbanhowar, C., Vandergoes, M., Vanniere, B., Vescovi, E., Walsh, M., Wang, X., Williams, N., Wilmshurst, J., and Zhang, J. H.

Published
2008
Full Text
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6. Pollen-based climate reconstruction techniques for late Quaternary studies

Author

Chevalier, M. (Manuel), Davis, B. A. (Basil A.S.), Heiri, O. (Oliver), Seppä, H. (Heikki), Chase, B. M. (Brian M.), Gajewski, K. (Konrad), Lacourse, T. (Terri), Telford, R. J. (Richard J.), Finsinger, W. (Walter), Guiot, J. (Joël), Kühl, N. (Norbert), Maezumi, S. Y. (S. Yoshi), Tipton, J. R. (John R.), Carter, V. A. (Vachel A.), Brussel, T. (Thomas), Phelps, L. N. (Leanne N.), Dawson, A. (Andria), Zanon, M. (Marco), Vallé, F. (Francesca), Nolan, C. (Connor), Mauri, A. (Achille), de Vernal, A. (Anne), Izumi, K. (Kenji), Holmström, L. (Lasse), Marsicek, J. (Jeremiah), Goring, S. (Simon), Sommer, P. S. (Philipp S.), Chaput, M. (Michelle), Kupriyanov, D. (Dmitry), Chevalier, M. (Manuel), Davis, B. A. (Basil A.S.), Heiri, O. (Oliver), Seppä, H. (Heikki), Chase, B. M. (Brian M.), Gajewski, K. (Konrad), Lacourse, T. (Terri), Telford, R. J. (Richard J.), Finsinger, W. (Walter), Guiot, J. (Joël), Kühl, N. (Norbert), Maezumi, S. Y. (S. Yoshi), Tipton, J. R. (John R.), Carter, V. A. (Vachel A.), Brussel, T. (Thomas), Phelps, L. N. (Leanne N.), Dawson, A. (Andria), Zanon, M. (Marco), Vallé, F. (Francesca), Nolan, C. (Connor), Mauri, A. (Achille), de Vernal, A. (Anne), Izumi, K. (Kenji), Holmström, L. (Lasse), Marsicek, J. (Jeremiah), Goring, S. (Simon), Sommer, P. S. (Philipp S.), Chaput, M. (Michelle), and Kupriyanov, D. (Dmitry)

Abstract

Fossil pollen records are well-established indicators of past vegetation changes. The prevalence of pollen across environmental settings including lakes, wetlands, and marine sediments, has made palynology one of the most ubiquitous and valuable tools for studying past environmental and climatic change globally for decades. A complementary research focus has been the development of statistical techniques to derive quantitative estimates of climatic conditions from pollen assemblages. This paper reviews the most commonly used statistical techniques and their rationale and seeks to provide a resource to facilitate their inclusion in more palaeoclimatic research. To this end, we first address the fundamental aspects of fossil pollen data that should be considered when undertaking pollen-based climate reconstructions. We then introduce the range of techniques currently available, the history of their development, and the situations in which they can be best employed. We review the literature on how to define robust calibration datasets, produce high-quality reconstructions, and evaluate climate reconstructions, and suggest methods and products that could be developed to facilitate accessibility and global usability. To continue to foster the development and inclusion of pollen climate reconstruction methods, we promote the development of reporting standards. When established, such standards should 1) enable broader application of climate reconstruction techniques, especially in regions where such methods are currently underused, and 2) enable the evaluation and reproduction of individual reconstructions, structuring them for the evolving open-science era, and optimising the use of fossil pollen data as a vital means for the study of past environmental and climatic variability. We also strongly encourage developers and users of palaeoclimate reconstruction methodologies to make associated programming code publicly available, which will further help disseminate t

Published
2020

7. PaCTS 1.0: A Crowdsourced Reporting Standard for Paleoclimate Data

Author

Khider, D, Emile-Geay, J, McKay, NP, Gil, Y, Garijo, D, Ratnakar, V, Alonso-Garcia, M, Bertrand, S, Bothe, O, Brewer, P, Bunn, A, Chevalier, M, Comas-Bru, L, Csank, A, Dassié, E, DeLong, K, Felis, T, Francus, P, Frappier, A, Gray, W, Goring, S, Jonkers, L, Kahle, M, Kaufman, D, Kehrwald, NM, Martrat, B, McGregor, H, Richey, J, Schmittner, A, Scroxton, N, Sutherland, E, Thirumalai, K, Allen, K, Arnaud, F, Axford, Y, Barrows, T, Bazin, L, Pilaar Birch, SE, Bradley, E, Bregy, J, Capron, E, Cartapanis, O, Chiang, HW, Cobb, KM, Debret, M, Dommain, R, Du, J, Dyez, K, Emerick, S, Erb, MP, Falster, G, Finsinger, W, Fortier, D, Gauthier, N, George, S, Grimm, E, Hertzberg, J, Hibbert, F, Hillman, A, Hobbs, W, Huber, M, Hughes, ALC, Jaccard, S, Ruan, J, Kienast, M, Konecky, B, Le Roux, G, Lyubchich, V, Novello, VF, Olaka, L, Partin, JW, Pearce, C, Phipps, SJ, Pignol, C, Piotrowska, N, Poli, MS, Prokopenko, A, Schwanck, F, Stepanek, C, Swann, GEA, Telford, R, Thomas, E, Thomas, Z, Truebe, S, von Gunten, L, Waite, A, Weitzel, N, Wilhelm, B, Williams, J, Williams, JJ, Winstrup, M, Zhao, N, Zhou, Y, Khider, D, Emile-Geay, J, McKay, NP, Gil, Y, Garijo, D, Ratnakar, V, Alonso-Garcia, M, Bertrand, S, Bothe, O, Brewer, P, Bunn, A, Chevalier, M, Comas-Bru, L, Csank, A, Dassié, E, DeLong, K, Felis, T, Francus, P, Frappier, A, Gray, W, Goring, S, Jonkers, L, Kahle, M, Kaufman, D, Kehrwald, NM, Martrat, B, McGregor, H, Richey, J, Schmittner, A, Scroxton, N, Sutherland, E, Thirumalai, K, Allen, K, Arnaud, F, Axford, Y, Barrows, T, Bazin, L, Pilaar Birch, SE, Bradley, E, Bregy, J, Capron, E, Cartapanis, O, Chiang, HW, Cobb, KM, Debret, M, Dommain, R, Du, J, Dyez, K, Emerick, S, Erb, MP, Falster, G, Finsinger, W, Fortier, D, Gauthier, N, George, S, Grimm, E, Hertzberg, J, Hibbert, F, Hillman, A, Hobbs, W, Huber, M, Hughes, ALC, Jaccard, S, Ruan, J, Kienast, M, Konecky, B, Le Roux, G, Lyubchich, V, Novello, VF, Olaka, L, Partin, JW, Pearce, C, Phipps, SJ, Pignol, C, Piotrowska, N, Poli, MS, Prokopenko, A, Schwanck, F, Stepanek, C, Swann, GEA, Telford, R, Thomas, E, Thomas, Z, Truebe, S, von Gunten, L, Waite, A, Weitzel, N, Wilhelm, B, Williams, J, Williams, JJ, Winstrup, M, Zhao, N, and Zhou, Y

Abstract

The progress of science is tied to the standardization of measurements, instruments, and data. This is especially true in the Big Data age, where analyzing large data volumes critically hinges on the data being standardized. Accordingly, the lack of community-sanctioned data standards in paleoclimatology has largely precluded the benefits of Big Data advances in the field. Building upon recent efforts to standardize the format and terminology of paleoclimate data, this article describes the Paleoclimate Community reporTing Standard (PaCTS), a crowdsourced reporting standard for such data. PaCTS captures which information should be included when reporting paleoclimate data, with the goal of maximizing the reuse value of paleoclimate data sets, particularly for synthesis work and comparison to climate model simulations. Initiated by the LinkedEarth project, the process to elicit a reporting standard involved an international workshop in 2016, various forms of digital community engagement over the next few years, and grassroots working groups. Participants in this process identified important properties across paleoclimate archives, in addition to the reporting of uncertainties and chronologies; they also identified archive-specific properties and distinguished reporting standards for new versus legacy data sets. This work shows that at least 135 respondents overwhelmingly support a drastic increase in the amount of metadata accompanying paleoclimate data sets. Since such goals are at odds with present practices, we discuss a transparent path toward implementing or revising these recommendations in the near future, using both bottom-up and top-down approaches.

Published
2019

8. PaCTS 1.0: A Crowdsourced Reporting Standard for Paleoclimate Data

Author

Khider, D., Emile-Geay, J., McKay, N. P., Gil, Y., Garijo, D., Ratnakar, V, Alonso-Garcia, M., Bertrand, S., Bothe, O., Brewer, P., Bunn, A., Chevalier, M., Comas-Bru, L., Csank, A., Dassie, E., DeLong, K., Felis, T., Francus, P., Frappier, A., Gray, W., Goring, S., Jonkers, L., Kahle, M., Kaufman, D., Kehrwald, N. M., Martrat, B., McGregor, H., Richey, J., Schmittner, A., Scroxton, N., Sutherland, E., Thirumalai, K., Allen, K., Arnaud, F., Axford, Y., Barrows, T., Bazin, L., Birch, S. E. Pilaar, Bradley, E., Bregy, J., Capron, E., Cartapanis, O., Chiang, H-W, Cobb, K. M., Debret, M., Dommain, R., Du, J., Dyez, K., Emerick, S., Erb, M. P., Falster, G., Finsinger, W., Fortier, D., Gauthier, Nicolas, George, S., Grimm, E., Hertzberg, J., Hibbert, F., Hillman, A., Hobbs, W., Huber, M., Hughes, A. L. C., Jaccard, S., Ruan, J., Kienast, M., Konecky, B., Le Roux, G., Lyubchich, V, Novello, V. F., Olaka, L., Partin, J. W., Pearce, C., Phipps, S. J., Pignol, C., Piotrowska, N., Poli, M-S, Prokopenko, A., Schwanck, F., Stepanek, C., Swann, G. E. A., Telford, R., Thomas, E., Thomas, Z., Truebe, S., von Gunten, L., Waite, A., Weitzel, N., Wilhelm, B., Williams, J., Winstrup, M., Zhao, N., Zhou, Y., Khider, D., Emile-Geay, J., McKay, N. P., Gil, Y., Garijo, D., Ratnakar, V, Alonso-Garcia, M., Bertrand, S., Bothe, O., Brewer, P., Bunn, A., Chevalier, M., Comas-Bru, L., Csank, A., Dassie, E., DeLong, K., Felis, T., Francus, P., Frappier, A., Gray, W., Goring, S., Jonkers, L., Kahle, M., Kaufman, D., Kehrwald, N. M., Martrat, B., McGregor, H., Richey, J., Schmittner, A., Scroxton, N., Sutherland, E., Thirumalai, K., Allen, K., Arnaud, F., Axford, Y., Barrows, T., Bazin, L., Birch, S. E. Pilaar, Bradley, E., Bregy, J., Capron, E., Cartapanis, O., Chiang, H-W, Cobb, K. M., Debret, M., Dommain, R., Du, J., Dyez, K., Emerick, S., Erb, M. P., Falster, G., Finsinger, W., Fortier, D., Gauthier, Nicolas, George, S., Grimm, E., Hertzberg, J., Hibbert, F., Hillman, A., Hobbs, W., Huber, M., Hughes, A. L. C., Jaccard, S., Ruan, J., Kienast, M., Konecky, B., Le Roux, G., Lyubchich, V, Novello, V. F., Olaka, L., Partin, J. W., Pearce, C., Phipps, S. J., Pignol, C., Piotrowska, N., Poli, M-S, Prokopenko, A., Schwanck, F., Stepanek, C., Swann, G. E. A., Telford, R., Thomas, E., Thomas, Z., Truebe, S., von Gunten, L., Waite, A., Weitzel, N., Wilhelm, B., Williams, J., Winstrup, M., Zhao, N., and Zhou, Y.

Abstract

The progress of science is tied to the standardization of measurements, instruments, and data. This is especially true in the Big Data age, where analyzing large data volumes critically hinges on the data being standardized. Accordingly, the lack of community-sanctioned data standards in paleoclimatology has largely precluded the benefits of Big Data advances in the field. Building upon recent efforts to standardize the format and terminology of paleoclimate data, this article describes the Paleoclimate Community reporTing Standard (PaCTS), a crowdsourced reporting standard for such data. PaCTS captures which information should be included when reporting paleoclimate data, with the goal of maximizing the reuse value of paleoclimate data sets, particularly for synthesis work and comparison to climate model simulations. Initiated by the LinkedEarth project, the process to elicit a reporting standard involved an international workshop in 2016, various forms of digital community engagement over the next few years, and grassroots working groups. Participants in this process identified important properties across paleoclimate archives, in addition to the reporting of uncertainties and chronologies; they also identified archive-specific properties and distinguished reporting standards for new versus legacy data sets. This work shows that at least 135 respondents overwhelmingly support a drastic increase in the amount of metadata accompanying paleoclimate data sets. Since such goals are at odds with present practices, we discuss a transparent path toward implementing or revising these recommendations in the near future, using both bottom-up and top-down approaches.

Published
2019

10. PaCTS 1.0: A Crowdsourced Reporting Standard for Paleoclimate Data

Author

Khider, D., primary, Emile‐Geay, J., additional, McKay, N. P., additional, Gil, Y., additional, Garijo, D., additional, Ratnakar, V., additional, Alonso‐Garcia, M., additional, Bertrand, S., additional, Bothe, O., additional, Brewer, P., additional, Bunn, A., additional, Chevalier, M., additional, Comas‐Bru, L., additional, Csank, A., additional, Dassié, E., additional, DeLong, K., additional, Felis, T., additional, Francus, P., additional, Frappier, A., additional, Gray, W., additional, Goring, S., additional, Jonkers, L., additional, Kahle, M., additional, Kaufman, D., additional, Kehrwald, N. M., additional, Martrat, B., additional, McGregor, H., additional, Richey, J., additional, Schmittner, A., additional, Scroxton, N., additional, Sutherland, E., additional, Thirumalai, K., additional, Allen, K., additional, Arnaud, F., additional, Axford, Y., additional, Barrows, T., additional, Bazin, L., additional, Pilaar Birch, S. E., additional, Bradley, E., additional, Bregy, J., additional, Capron, E., additional, Cartapanis, O., additional, Chiang, H.‐W., additional, Cobb, K. M., additional, Debret, M., additional, Dommain, R., additional, Du, J., additional, Dyez, K., additional, Emerick, S., additional, Erb, M. P., additional, Falster, G., additional, Finsinger, W., additional, Fortier, D., additional, Gauthier, Nicolas, additional, George, S., additional, Grimm, E., additional, Hertzberg, J., additional, Hibbert, F., additional, Hillman, A., additional, Hobbs, W., additional, Huber, M., additional, Hughes, A. L. C., additional, Jaccard, S., additional, Ruan, J., additional, Kienast, M., additional, Konecky, B., additional, Le Roux, G., additional, Lyubchich, V., additional, Novello, V. F., additional, Olaka, L., additional, Partin, J. W., additional, Pearce, C., additional, Phipps, S. J., additional, Pignol, C., additional, Piotrowska, N., additional, Poli, M.‐S., additional, Prokopenko, A., additional, Schwanck, F., additional, Stepanek, C., additional, Swann, G. E. A., additional, Telford, R., additional, Thomas, E., additional, Thomas, Z., additional, Truebe, S., additional, Gunten, L., additional, Waite, A., additional, Weitzel, N., additional, Wilhelm, B., additional, Williams, J., additional, Williams, J. J., additional, Winstrup, M., additional, Zhao, N., additional, and Zhou, Y., additional

Published
2019
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11. The RESET project: Constructing a European tephra lattice for refined synchronisation of environmental and archaeological events during the last c. 100 ka

Author

Lowe, John J, Ramsey, Christopher Bronk, Housley, Rupert A., Lane, Christine S., Tomlinson, Emma L., Stringer, Chris, Davies, William, Barton, Nick, Pollard, Mark, Gamble, Clive, Menzies, Martin, Rohling, Eelco, Roberts, Andrew, Blockley, Simon, Cullen, Victoria, Grant, Katharine, Lewis, Mark, Macleod, Alison, White, Dustin, Albert, Paul, Hardiman, Mark, Lee, Sharen, Anna, Oh, Satow, Christopher, Cross, Joanna K., Law, Cassian Bramham, Todman, Anna, Bourne, Anna, Matthews, Ian, Müller, Wolfgang, Smith, Victoria, Wulf, Sabine, Anghelinu, M., Antl Weiser, W., Bar Yosef, O., Boric, D., Boscato, P., Ronchitelli, A., Chabai, V., Veselsky, A., Uthmeier, T., Farrand, W., Gjipali, I., Ruka, R., Güleç, E., Karavanic, I., Karkanas, P., King, T., Komšo, D., Koumouzelis, M., Kyparissi, N., Lengyel, G., Mester, Z., Neruda, P., Panagopoulou, E., Shalamanov Korobar, L., Tolevski, I., Sirakov, N., Guadelli, A., Guadelli, J. L., Ferrier, C., Skrdla, P., Slimak, L., Soler, N., Soler, J., Soressi, M., Tushabramishvilii, N., Zilhão, J., Angelucci, D., Albert, P., Bramham Law, C., Cullen, V. L., Lincoln, P., Staff, R., Flower, K., Aouadi Abdeljaouad, N., Belhouchet, L., Barker, G., Bouzouggar, A., Van Peer, P., Kindermann, K., Gerken, K., Niemann, H., Tipping, R., Saville, A., Ward, T., Clausen, I., Weber, M. J., Kaiser, K., Torksdorf, J. F., Turner, F., Veil, S., Nygaard, N., Pyne O'Donnell, S. D. F., Masojc, M., Nalepka, D., Jurochnik, A., Kabacinski, J., Antoine, P., Olive, M., Christensen, M., Bodu, P., Debout, G., Orliac, M., De Bie, M., Van Gils, M., Paulissen, E., Brou, L., Leesch, D., Hadorn, P., Thew, N., Riede, F., Heinen, M., Joris, O., Richter, J., Knipping, M., Stika, H. P., Friedrich, M., Conard, N., Malina, M., Kind, C. J., Beutelspacher, T., Mortensen, M. F., Burdukiewicz, J. M., Szynkiewicz, A., Poltowicz Bobak, M., Bobak, D., Wisniewski, A., Przezdziecki, M., Valde Nowak, P., Muzyczuk, A., Davies, L., Macleod, A., Morgan, P., Aydar, Erkan, Çubukçu, Evren, Brown, Richard, Coltelli, Mauro, Castro, Deborah Lo, Cioni, Raffaello, Derosa, Rosanna, Donato, Paola, Roberto, Alessio Di, Gertisser, Ralf, Giordano, Guido, Branney, Mike, Jordan, Nina, Keller, Jörg, Kinvig, Helen, Gottsman, Jo, Blundy, Jon, Marani, Michael, Orsi, Giovanni, Civetta, Lucia, Arienzo, Ilenia, Carandente, Antonio, Rosi, Mauro, Zanchetta, Giovanni, Seghedi, Ioan, Szakacs, Alex, Sulpizio, Roberto, Thordarson, Thor, Trincardi, Fabio, Vigliotti, Luigi, Asioli, Alesssandra, Piva, Andrea, Andric, M., Brauer, A., de Klerk, P., Filippi, M. L., Finsinger, W., Galovic, L., Jones, T., Lotter, A., Müller, U., Pross, J., Mangerud, J., Lohne, Ø., Pyne O'Donnell, S., Markovic, S., Pini, R., Ravazzi, C., Theuerkauf, M., Tzedakis, C., Margari, V., Veres, D., Wastegård, S., Ortiz, J. E., Torres, T., Díaz Bautista, A., Moreno, A., Valero Garcés, B., Lowick, S., Ottolini, Lusia, John J. Lowe a,, Christopher Bronk Ramsey, B, A, Rupert A. Housley, B, Christine S. Lane, C, Emma L. Tomlinson, Team, Reset, and Giordano, Guido

Subjects
Archeology, Environmental change, Evolution, Dansgaard–Oeschger and Heinrich events, Abrupt environmental transitions (AETs), Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich events, Last Glacial stage, Middle to Upper Palaeolithic, Tephra database, Tephra geochemistry, Volcanic ash isochrons, Geology, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Archeology (arts and humanities), Behavior and Systematics, Glacial period, Tephra, Holocene, Isochron dating, Ecology, Volcanic ash isochron, Tephra geochemistr, Quaternary science, Archaeology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematic, Dansgaard-Oeschger and Heinrich event, Mainland, Physical geography
Abstract

This paper introduces the aims and scope of the RESET project (. RESponse of humans to abrupt Environmental Transitions), a programme of research funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (UK) between 2008 and 2013; it also provides the context and rationale for papers included in a special volume of Quaternary Science Reviews that report some of the project's findings. RESET examined the chronological and correlation methods employed to establish causal links between the timing of abrupt environmental transitions (AETs) on the one hand, and of human dispersal and development on the other, with a focus on the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic periods. The period of interest is the Last Glacial cycle and the early Holocene (c. 100-8 ka), during which time a number of pronounced AETs occurred. A long-running topic of debate is the degree to which human history in Europe and the Mediterranean region during the Palaeolithic was shaped by these AETs, but this has proved difficult to assess because of poor dating control. In an attempt to move the science forward, RESET examined the potential that tephra isochrons, and in particular non-visible ash layers (cryptotephras), might offer for synchronising palaeo-records with a greater degree of finesse. New tephrostratigraphical data generated by the project augment previously-established tephra frameworks for the region, and underpin a more evolved tephra 'lattice' that links palaeo-records between Greenland, the European mainland, sub-marine sequences in the Mediterranean and North Africa. The paper also outlines the significance of other contributions to this special volume: collectively, these illustrate how the lattice was constructed, how it links with cognate tephra research in Europe and elsewhere, and how the evidence of tephra isochrons is beginning to challenge long-held views about the impacts of environmental change on humans during the Palaeolithic. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd., RESET was funded through Consortium Grants awarded by the Natural Environment Research Council, UK, to a collaborating team drawn from four institutions: Royal Holloway University of London (grant reference NE/E015905/1), the Natural History Museum, London (NE/E015913/1), Oxford University (NE/E015670/1) and the University of Southampton, including the National Oceanography Centre (NE/01531X/1). The authors also wish to record their deep gratitude to four members of the scientific community who formed a consultative advisory panel during the lifetime of the RESET project: Professor Barbara Wohlfarth (Stockholm University), Professor Jørgen Peder Steffensen (Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen), Dr. Martin Street (Romisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum, Neuwied) and Professor Clive Oppenheimer (Cambridge University). They provided excellent advice at key stages of the work, which we greatly valued. We also thank Jenny Kynaston (Geography Department, Royal Holloway) for construction of several of the figures in this paper, and Debbie Barrett (Elsevier) and Colin Murray Wallace (Editor-in-Chief, QSR) for their considerable assistance in the production of this special volume.

Published
2015

12. Climate change during the past 1000 years: a high-temporal resolution multiproxy record from a mire in northern Finland

Author

Finsinger, W., Schoning, K., Hicks, S., Goslar, T., Wagner-Cremer, F., Hyyppa, H., Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Palaeo-ecologie, and Dep Biologie

Subjects
pollen, stable isotopes, annual resolution, testate amoebae
Abstract

We present a record of peatland development in relation to climate changes and human activities from the Palomaa mire, a remote site in northern Finland. We used fine-resolution and continuous sampling to analyse several proxies including pollen (for vegetation on and around the mire), testate amoebae (TA; for mire-wetness changes), oxygen and carbon isotopes from Sphagnum cellulose (δ18O and δ13C; for humidity and temperature changes), peat-accumulation rates and peat-colour changes. In spite of an excellent accumulation model (30 14C dates and estimated standard deviation of sample ages

Published
2013

13. Towards mapping the late Quaternary vegetation change of Europe

Author

Giesecke, T., Davis, B., Brewer, S., Finsinger, W., Wolters, S., Blaauw, M., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Binney, H., Fyfe, R.M., Gaillard, M.-J., Gil-Romera, G., van der Knaap, W.O., Kunes, P., Kühl, N., van Leeuwen, J.F.N., Leydet, M., Lotter, A.F., Ortu, E., Semmler, M., Bradshaw, R.H.W., Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Dep Biologie, Palaeo-ecologie, Department of Geography, University of Liverpool-University of Liverpool, ÉcolePolytechniqueFédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Palaeoecology Laboratory, University of Southampton-University of Southampton, School of Geography, Plymouth University-Plymouth University, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie ( IMEP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Southampton [Southampton]-University of Southampton [Southampton], University of Plymouth-University of Plymouth, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne ( EDYTEM ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Dep Biologie, and Palaeo-ecologie

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [ SDV.BV.BOT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Plant Science, 580 Plants (Botany), 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.SA.SF ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, law.invention, Paleontology, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, law, Plantago lanceolata, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Radiocarbon dating, [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chronology, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, EPD, European pollen database, Age-depth relationships, Age uncertainty, Palaeontology, Earth Sciences, Biogeosciences, Climate Change, Anthropology, Archaeology, Vegetation, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 13. Climate action, European Pollen Database, Physical geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scale (map), Quaternary, Geology, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract

23 páginas.- Thomas Giesecke et.al., The number of well-dated pollen diagrams in Europe has increased considerably over the last 30 years and many of them have been submitted to the European Pollen Database (EPD). This allows for the construction of increasingly precise maps of Holocene vegetation change across the continent. Chronological information in the EPD has been expressed in uncalibrated radiocarbon years, and most chronologies to date are based on this time scale. Here we present new chronologies for most of the datasets stored in the EPD based on calibrated radiocarbon years. Age information associated with pollen diagrams is often derived from the pollen stratigraphy itself or from other sedimentological information. We reviewed these chronological tie points and assigned uncertainties to them. The steps taken to generate the new chronologies are described and the rationale for a new classification system for age uncertainties is introduced. The resulting chronologies are fit for most continental-scale questions. They may not provide the best age model for particular sites, but may be viewed as general purpose chronologies. Taxonomic particularities of the data stored in the EPD are explained. An example is given of how the database can be queried to select samples with appropriate age control as well as the suitable taxonomic level to answer a specific research question. The readers are reques, We wish to thank all those who have contributed data to the EPD. Keith Bennett provided valuable comments in discussions and to the manuscript.

Published
2013

14. Impact of the Atlantic Warm Pool on precipitation and temperature in Florida during North Atlantic cold spells

Author

Donders, T.H., de Boer, H.J., Finsinger, W., Grimm, E.C., Dekker, S.C., Reichart, G.-J., Wagner-Cremer, F., Global change and hurricanes: Linking Holocene sea surface temperatures and hurricane frequency, Environmental Sciences, Palaeoecology, Dep Biologie, Section Environmental Sciences, Organic geochemistry, Sub Palaeoecology begr. 01-01-12, and Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change

Abstract

Recurrent phases of increased pine at Lake Tulane, Florida have previously been related to strong stadials terminated by so-called Heinrich events. The climatic significance of these pine phases has been interpreted in different ways. Using a pollen–climate inference model, we quantified the climate changes and consistently found that mean summer precipitation (PJJA) increased (0.5–0.9 mm/day) and mean November temperature increased (2.0–3.0 C) during pine phases coeval with Heinrich events and the Younger Dryas. Marine sea surface temperature records indicate that potential sources for these moisture and heat anomalies are in the Gulf of Mexico and the western tropical Atlantic. We explain this low latitude warming by an increased Loop Current facilitated by persistence of the Atlantic Warm Pool during summer. This hypothesis is supported by a climate model sensitivity analysis. A positive heat anomaly in the Gulf of Mexico and equatorial Atlantic best approximates the polleninferred climate reconstructions from Lake Tulane during the (stadials around) Heinrich events and the Younger Dryas.Recurrent phases of increased pine at Lake Tulane, Florida have previously been related to strong stadials terminated by so-called Heinrich events. The climatic significance of these pine phases has been interpreted in different ways. Using a pollen–climate inference model, we quantified the climate changes and consistently found that mean summer precipitation (PJJA) increased (0.5–0.9 mm/day) and mean November temperature increased (2.0–3.0 C) during pine phases coeval with Heinrich events and the Younger Dryas. Marine sea surface temperature records indicate that potential sources for these moisture and heat anomalies are in the Gulf of Mexico and the western tropical Atlantic. We explain this low latitude warming by an increased Loop Current facilitated by persistence of the Atlantic Warm Pool during summer. This hypothesis is supported by a climate model sensitivity analysis. A positive heat anomaly in the Gulf of Mexico and equatorial Atlantic best approximates the polleninferred climate reconstructions from Lake Tulane during the (stadials around) Heinrich events and the Younger Dryas.

Published
2011

15. Climate and Peatlands

Author

de Jong, R., Blaauw, M., Chambers, F.M., Christensen, T.R., De Vleeschouwer, F., Finsinger, W., Fronzek, S., Johansson, M., Kokfelt, U., Lamentowicz, M., Le Roux, G., Mauquoy, D., Mitchell, E.A.D., Nichols, J.E., Samaritani, E., van Geel, B., Dodson, J., Brown University (USA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne - EPFL (SWITZERLAND), University of Gloucestershire (UNITED KINGDOM), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Finnish Environment Institute - SYKE (FINLAND), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Liège (BELGIUM), Université de Montpellier 2 (FRANCE), Adam Mickiewicz University - AMU (POLAND), Lund University (SWEDEN), Queen's University Belfast - QUB (UNITED KINGDOM), Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft - WSL (SWITZERLAND), University of Aberdeen - ABDN (UNITED KINGDOM), University of Amsterdam - UvA (NETHERLANDS), University of Bern (SWITZERLAND), Université de Neuchâtel (SWITZERLAND), Dodson, John, Laboratoire des Systèmes Ecologiques - ECOS (Lausanne, Switzerland), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), and Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
Ecologie, Environnement, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Peat, Peatland, Ecology, Earth science, Climate, Macrofossil, Carbon sink, Permafrost, Sink (geography), Sciences de la Terre, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, Palsa, Testate amoebae
Abstract

Peatlands are an important natural archive for past climatic changes, primarily due to their sensitivity to changes in the water balance and the dating possibilities of peat sediments. In addition, peatlands are an important sink as well as potential source of greenhouse gases. The first part of this chapter discusses a range of well-established and novel proxies studied in peat cores (peat humification, macrofossils, testate amoebae, stomatal records from subfossil leaves, organic biomarkers and stable isotope ratios, aeolian sediment influx and geochemistry) that are used for climatic and environmental reconstructions, as well as recent developments in the dating of these sediments. The second part focuses on the role that peatland ecosystems may play as a source or sink of greenhouse gases. Emphasis is placed on the past and future development of peatlands in the discontinuous permafrost areas of northern Scandinavia, and the role of regenerating mined peatlands in north-western Europe as a carbon sink or source.

Published
2010

17. Towards mapping the late Quaternary vegetation change of Europe

Author

Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Dep Biologie, Palaeo-ecologie, Giesecke, T., Davis, B., Brewer, S., Finsinger, W., Wolters, S., Blaauw, M., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Binney, H., Fyfe, R.M., Gaillard, M.-J., Gil-Romera, G., van der Knaap, W.O., Kunes, P., Kühl, N., van Leeuwen, J.F.N., Leydet, M., Lotter, A.F., Ortu, E., Semmler, M., Bradshaw, R.H.W., Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Dep Biologie, Palaeo-ecologie, Giesecke, T., Davis, B., Brewer, S., Finsinger, W., Wolters, S., Blaauw, M., de Beaulieu, J.-L., Binney, H., Fyfe, R.M., Gaillard, M.-J., Gil-Romera, G., van der Knaap, W.O., Kunes, P., Kühl, N., van Leeuwen, J.F.N., Leydet, M., Lotter, A.F., Ortu, E., Semmler, M., and Bradshaw, R.H.W.

Published
2013

20. Impact of the Atlantic Warm Pool on precipitation and temperature in Florida during North Atlantic cold spells

Author

Global change and hurricanes: Linking Holocene sea surface temperatures and hurricane frequency, Environmental Sciences, Palaeoecology, Dep Biologie, Section Environmental Sciences, Organic geochemistry, Sub Palaeoecology begr. 01-01-12, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Donders, T.H., de Boer, H.J., Finsinger, W., Grimm, E.C., Dekker, S.C., Reichart, G.-J., Wagner-Cremer, F., Global change and hurricanes: Linking Holocene sea surface temperatures and hurricane frequency, Environmental Sciences, Palaeoecology, Dep Biologie, Section Environmental Sciences, Organic geochemistry, Sub Palaeoecology begr. 01-01-12, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Donders, T.H., de Boer, H.J., Finsinger, W., Grimm, E.C., Dekker, S.C., Reichart, G.-J., and Wagner-Cremer, F.

Published
2011

27. Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum: an assessment based on a global synthesis and analysis of charcoal data

Author

Power, M.J., Marlon, Jenny, Ortiz, Natalie, Bartlein, P.J., Harrison, S.P. Sandy, Mayle, Francis E., Ballouche, Aziz, Bradshaw, Richard H.W., Carcaillet, C, Cardova, C, Mooney, S, Moreno, P I, Prentice, Colin I.C., Thonicke, Kirsten, Tinner, Willy, Whitlock, C, Zhang, Y, Zhao, Yan, Ali, Adam A., Anderson, Scott R.S., Beer, Ruth, Behling, Hermann, Briles, C, Brown, K.J., Brunelle, Andrea, Bush, M, Camill, P, Chu, Guo Qiang, Clark, Jim, Colombaroli, Daniele, Connor, S, Daniau, A.-L., Daniels, Mark, Dodson, John Richard, Doughty, E, Edwards, M.E., Finsinger, W, Foster, D, Frechette, J, Gaillard, Marie -Jose, Gavin, D.G., Gobet, Erika, Hallett, D J, Higuera, P, Hope, Geoffrey, Horn, S, Inoue, J, Kaltenrieder, Petra, Kennedy, L, Kong, Z.C., Larsen, C, Long, C.J., Lynch, J, Lynch, E.A., McGlone, M, Meeks, S, Mensing, S, Meyer, G, Minckley, T, Mohr, Jerry, Nelson, D.M., New, J, Newnham, R, Noti, Roland, Oswald, Wyatt, Pierce, Jen, Richard, Pierre J.H., Rowe, Cassandra, Sanchez Goni, M.F., Shuman, B.N., Takahara, H, Toney, Jaime, Turney, C, Urrego-Sanchez, D.H., Umbanhowar, C, Vandergoes, Marcus, Vanniere, Boris, Vescovi, Elisa, Walsh, M, Wang, Xu King, Williams, Nicola, Wilmshurst, Janet M, Zhang, J.H., Haberle, Simon, Power, M.J., Marlon, Jenny, Ortiz, Natalie, Bartlein, P.J., Harrison, S.P. Sandy, Mayle, Francis E., Ballouche, Aziz, Bradshaw, Richard H.W., Carcaillet, C, Cardova, C, Mooney, S, Moreno, P I, Prentice, Colin I.C., Thonicke, Kirsten, Tinner, Willy, Whitlock, C, Zhang, Y, Zhao, Yan, Ali, Adam A., Anderson, Scott R.S., Beer, Ruth, Behling, Hermann, Briles, C, Brown, K.J., Brunelle, Andrea, Bush, M, Camill, P, Chu, Guo Qiang, Clark, Jim, Colombaroli, Daniele, Connor, S, Daniau, A.-L., Daniels, Mark, Dodson, John Richard, Doughty, E, Edwards, M.E., Finsinger, W, Foster, D, Frechette, J, Gaillard, Marie -Jose, Gavin, D.G., Gobet, Erika, Hallett, D J, Higuera, P, Hope, Geoffrey, Horn, S, Inoue, J, Kaltenrieder, Petra, Kennedy, L, Kong, Z.C., Larsen, C, Long, C.J., Lynch, J, Lynch, E.A., McGlone, M, Meeks, S, Mensing, S, Meyer, G, Minckley, T, Mohr, Jerry, Nelson, D.M., New, J, Newnham, R, Noti, Roland, Oswald, Wyatt, Pierce, Jen, Richard, Pierre J.H., Rowe, Cassandra, Sanchez Goni, M.F., Shuman, B.N., Takahara, H, Toney, Jaime, Turney, C, Urrego-Sanchez, D.H., Umbanhowar, C, Vandergoes, Marcus, Vanniere, Boris, Vescovi, Elisa, Walsh, M, Wang, Xu King, Williams, Nicola, Wilmshurst, Janet M, Zhang, J.H., and Haberle, Simon

Abstract

Fire activity has varied globally and continuously since the last glacial maximum (LGM) in response to long-term changes in global climate and shorter-term regional changes in climate, vegetation, and human land use. We have synthesized sedimentary charcoal records of biomass burning since the LGM and present global maps showing changes in fire activity for time slices during the past 21,000 years (as differences in charcoal accumulation values compared to pre-industrial). There is strong broad-scale coherence in fire activity after the LGM, but spatial heterogeneity in the signals increases thereafter. In North America, Europe and southern South America, charcoal records indicate less-than-present fire activity during the deglacial period, from 21,000 to ∼11,000 cal yr BP. In contrast, the tropical latitudes of South America and Africa show greater-than-present fire activity from ∼19,000 to ∼17,000 cal yr BP and most sites from Indochina and Australia show greater-than-present fire activity from 16,000 to ∼13,000 cal yr BP. Many sites indicate greater-than-present or near-present activity during the Holocene with the exception of eastern North America and eastern Asia from 8,000 to ∼3,000 cal yr BP, Indonesia and Australia from 11,000 to 4,000 cal yr BP, and southern South America from 6,000 to 3,000 cal yr BP where fire activity was less than present. Regional coherence in the patterns of change in fire activity was evident throughout the post-glacial period. These complex patterns can largely be explained in terms of large-scale climate controls modulated by local changes in vegetation and fuel load.

Published
2007

37. Circum-Mediterranean fire activity and climate changes during the mid-Holocene environmental transition (8500-2500 cal. BP)

Author

Vannière, B., primary, Power, M.J., additional, Roberts, N., additional, Tinner, W., additional, Carrión, J., additional, Magny, M., additional, Bartlein, P., additional, Colombaroli, D., additional, Daniau, A.L., additional, Finsinger, W., additional, Gil-Romera, G., additional, Kaltenrieder, P., additional, Pini, R., additional, Sadori, L., additional, Turner, R., additional, Valsecchi, V., additional, and Vescovi, E., additional

Published
2011
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39. Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum: an assessment based on a global synthesis and analysis of charcoal data

Author

Power, M. J., primary, Marlon, J., additional, Ortiz, N., additional, Bartlein, P. J., additional, Harrison, S. P., additional, Mayle, F. E., additional, Ballouche, A., additional, Bradshaw, R. H. W., additional, Carcaillet, C., additional, Cordova, C., additional, Mooney, S., additional, Moreno, P. I., additional, Prentice, I. C., additional, Thonicke, K., additional, Tinner, W., additional, Whitlock, C., additional, Zhang, Y., additional, Zhao, Y., additional, Ali, A. A., additional, Anderson, R. S., additional, Beer, R., additional, Behling, H., additional, Briles, C., additional, Brown, K. J., additional, Brunelle, A., additional, Bush, M., additional, Camill, P., additional, Chu, G. Q., additional, Clark, J., additional, Colombaroli, D., additional, Connor, S., additional, Daniau, A.-L., additional, Daniels, M., additional, Dodson, J., additional, Doughty, E., additional, Edwards, M. E., additional, Finsinger, W., additional, Foster, D., additional, Frechette, J., additional, Gaillard, M.-J., additional, Gavin, D. G., additional, Gobet, E., additional, Haberle, S., additional, Hallett, D. J., additional, Higuera, P., additional, Hope, G., additional, Horn, S., additional, Inoue, J., additional, Kaltenrieder, P., additional, Kennedy, L., additional, Kong, Z. C., additional, Larsen, C., additional, Long, C. J., additional, Lynch, J., additional, Lynch, E. A., additional, McGlone, M., additional, Meeks, S., additional, Mensing, S., additional, Meyer, G., additional, Minckley, T., additional, Mohr, J., additional, Nelson, D. M., additional, New, J., additional, Newnham, R., additional, Noti, R., additional, Oswald, W., additional, Pierce, J., additional, Richard, P. J. H., additional, Rowe, C., additional, Sanchez Goñi, M. F., additional, Shuman, B. N., additional, Takahara, H., additional, Toney, J., additional, Turney, C., additional, Urrego-Sanchez, D. H., additional, Umbanhowar, C., additional, Vandergoes, M., additional, Vanniere, B., additional, Vescovi, E., additional, Walsh, M., additional, Wang, X., additional, Williams, N., additional, Wilmshurst, J., additional, and Zhang, J. H., additional

Published
2007
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42. Stomatal-based inference models for reconstruction of atmospheric CO2 concentration: a method assessment using a calibration and validation approach.

Author

Finsinger, W. and Wagner-Cremer, F.

Subjects
*STOMATA, *CALIBRATION, *CLIMATE change, *ATMOSPHERIC circulation, *FOSSILS, *LEAVES, ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
Abstract

We investigated changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration (hereafter [CO2]) over the period Ad 1700-2002 as reconstructed using the inverse relationship between stomatal frequencies (SF) of Betula nana leaves from northern Europe and [CO2]. The predictive ability of SF-inference models was assessed using a method of independent validation that involves two steps: (1) a training set of leaves grown between Ad 1843 and 2002 was used to generate inference models; (2) the models were then applied to a fossil SF record of leaves grown between Ad 1700 and 2002 that was split into two parts, a validation period (after Ad 1850) and a reconstruction period (Ad 1700-1850). Although our inference models had uncertainties comparable with other SFinference models (root mean square error (RMSE) = c. 18-19 ppmv), uncertainties arising from the independent validation were larger (RMSE = c. 31-34 ppmv). Smoothed SF-inferred [CO2] values after Ad 1850 corresponded better to the industrial [CO2] increase observed from instrumental records and from high-resolution ice cores, corroborating the accuracy of the reconstruction method in capturing a long-term (decadal- to centennialscale) signal. This also indicates that in our record higher-frequency signals (eg, [CO2] maxima around Ad 1750) are potentially less reliable. In an attempt to estimate the maximum reconstruction uncertainty (± 67 ppmv), we considered (i) the RMSE of the validation (validation error) and (ii) the maximum difference between reconstructions obtained with different inference models during the validation period (method error).We suggest that reconstruction uncertainties may be reduced by reducing the uncertainty of our inference models, with a subfossil record characterized by lower variability in the SF time series over the validation period, and by smoothing the reconstruction. This study shows that independent validation is an important step to assess the precision and accuracy of quantitative proxy-based reconstructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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43. PaCTS 1.0: A Crowdsourced Reporting Standard for Paleoclimate Data

Author

Khider, D., Emile‐Geay, J., McKay, N. P., Gil, Y., Garijo, D., Ratnakar, V., Alonso‐Garcia, M., Bertrand, S., Bothe, O., Brewer, P., Bunn, A., Chevalier, M., Comas‐Bru, L., Csank, A., Dassié, E., DeLong, K., Felis, T., Francus, P., Frappier, A., Gray, W., Goring, S., Jonkers, L., Kahle, M., Kaufman, D., Kehrwald, N. M., Martrat, B., McGregor, H., Richey, J., Schmittner, A., Scroxton, N., Sutherland, E., Thirumalai, K., Allen, K., Arnaud, F., Axford, Y., Barrows, T., Bazin, L., Pilaar Birch, S. E., Bradley, E., Bregy, J., Capron, E., Cartapanis, O., Chiang, H.‐W., Cobb, K. M., Debret, M., Dommain, R., Du, J., Dyez, K., Emerick, S., Erb, M. P., Falster, G., Finsinger, W., Fortier, D., Gauthier, Nicolas, George, S., Grimm, E., Hertzberg, J., Hibbert, F., Hillman, A., Hobbs, W., Huber, M., Hughes, A. L. C., Jaccard, S., Ruan, J., Kienast, M., Konecky, B., Le Roux, G., Lyubchich, V., Novello, V. F., Olaka, L., Partin, J. W., Pearce, C., Phipps, S. J., Pignol, C., Piotrowska, N., Poli, M.‐S., Prokopenko, A., Schwanck, F., Stepanek, C., Swann, G. E. A., Telford, R., Thomas, E., Thomas, Z., Truebe, S., Gunten, L., Waite, A., Weitzel, N., Wilhelm, B., Williams, J., Williams, J. J., Winstrup, M., Zhao, N., and Zhou, Y.

Subjects
13. Climate action, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 15. Life on land
Abstract

The progress of science is tied to the standardization of measurements, instruments, and data. This is especially true in the Big Data age, where analyzing large data volumes critically hinges on the data being standardized. Accordingly, the lack of community‐sanctioned data standards in paleoclimatology has largely precluded the benefits of Big Data advances in the field. Building upon recent efforts to standardize the format and terminology of paleoclimate data, this article describes the Paleoclimate Community reporTing Standard (PaCTS), a crowdsourced reporting standard for such data. PaCTS captures which information should be included when reporting paleoclimate data, with the goal of maximizing the reuse value of paleoclimate data sets, particularly for synthesis work and comparison to climate model simulations. Initiated by the LinkedEarth project, the process to elicit a reporting standard involved an international workshop in 2016, various forms of digital community engagement over the next few years, and grassroots working groups. Participants in this process identified important properties across paleoclimate archives, in addition to the reporting of uncertainties and chronologies; they also identified archive‐specific properties and distinguished reporting standards for new versus legacy data sets. This work shows that at least 135 respondents overwhelmingly support a drastic increase in the amount of metadata accompanying paleoclimate data sets. Since such goals are at odds with present practices, we discuss a transparent path toward implementing or revising these recommendations in the near future, using both bottom‐up and top‐down approaches.

44. The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

Author

Juliana Atanassova, Christine M. Åkesson, Piotr Kołaczek, Marco Zanon, Kari Loe Hjelle, Lyudmila S. Shumilovskikh, Heikki Seppä, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Vachel A. Carter, James Edward Schofield, Krystyna Milecka, Iria García-Moreiras, Takeshi Nakagawa, Walter Finsinger, Willy Tinner, Castor Muñoz Sobrino, Anne Birgitte Nielsen, José Antonio López-Sáez, Elena Marinova, Philipp Stojakowits, Tatiana G. Antipina, Silvia Sabariego Ruiz, Roman Abegglen, Vlasta Jankovská, Oksana G. Zanina, Mariusz Gałka, Arsenii T. Galimov, Maria Papadopoulou, Manfred Rösch, Kevin J. Edwards, Patricia L. Fall, Basil A. S. Davis, Philipp Sommer, Elissaveta Bozilova, Ulrike Herzschuh, Verushka Valsecchi, Natalia Ryabogina, Ikuko Kitaba, Elena Novenko, Michelle Leydet, Anna Pędziszewska, Nata K. Panova, Almut Mrotzek, Donatella Magri, Eleonora Clo, Isabelle Matthias, R. Scott Anderson, Tatiana Blyakharchuk, Kazimierz Tobolski, Vincent Lebreton, Leanne N. Phelps, Irina G. Gvozdeva, André F. Lotter, Nina I. Belyanina, Assunta Florenzano, William J. Fletcher, Ioan Tantau, Suzanne A.G. Leroy, Roxana Grindean, Normunds Stivrins, Elena G. Lapteva, Francisca Alba-Sánchez, J. Sakari Salonen, Tatiana I. Petrenko, Tatyana V. Sapelko, Angelica Feurdean, Anna Maria Mercuri, Yuri A. Mikishin, G Furlanetto, Susanne Jahns, Cesare Ravazzi, Helena Svobodova Svitavska, Anastasia Mavridou, Carlo Alessandro Montanari, Jose Manuel Mesa-Fernández, Sampson Panajiotidis, Ruth Beer, Stéphanie Desprat, Federico Di Rita, María J. Ramos-Román, Emna Gaceur, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Małgorzata Latałowa, Thomas Giesecke, Olga K. Borisova, Galina Bukreeva, M. Jane Bunting, Manuel Chevalier, Achille Mauri, Maria Angela Guido, Darya A. Lopatina, César Morales-Molino, Spassimir Tonkov, Marcelina Zimny, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Sergey Ivanov, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Daniele Colombaroli, Morteza Djamali, Heather S. Pardoe, Olga D. Naidina, Margarita Tsakiridou, Université de Lausanne, Swiss National Science Foundation, López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of physical chemistry, Uppsala University, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Laboratorio di Palinologia e Paleobotanica, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Natural History Collections, University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Department of Plant Ecology, Gdansk University, University of Gdańsk (UG), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Humaines (Lares-Las), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Dipartimento di biologia ambientale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Department of Botany, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire d'Informatique, Systèmes, Traitement de l'Information et de la Connaissance (LISTIC), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), CNR-IDPA, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Turku], University of Turku, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Department of Geography [Riga], Софийски университет = Sofia University, University of Portsmouth, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Avignon Université (AU), López Sáez, José Antonio, Davis, B, Chevalier, M, Sommer, P, Carter, V, Finsinger, W, Mauri, A, Phelps, L, Zanon, M, Abegglen, R, Akesson, C, Alba-Sanchez, F, Scott Anderson, R, Antipina, T, Atanassova, J, Beer, R, Belyanina, N, Blyakharchuk, T, Borisova, O, Bozilova, E, Bukreeva, G, Jane Bunting, M, Clo, E, Colombaroli, D, Combourieu-Nebout, N, Desprat, S, Di Rita, F, Djamali, M, Edwards, K, Fall, P, Feurdean, A, Fletcher, W, Florenzano, A, Furlanetto, G, Gaceur, E, Galimov, A, Galka, M, Garcia-Moreiras, I, Giesecke, T, Grindean, R, Guido, M, Gvozdeva, I, Herzschuh, U, Hjelle, K, Ivanov, S, Jahns, S, Jankovska, V, Jimenez-Moreno, G, Karpinska-Kolaczek, M, Kitaba, I, Kolaczek, P, Lapteva, E, Latalowa, M, Lebreton, V, Leroy, S, Leydet, M, Lopatina, D, Lopez-Saez, J, Lotter, A, Magri, D, Marinova, E, Matthias, I, Mavridou, A, Mercuri, A, Mesa-Fernandez, J, Mikishin, Y, Milecka, K, Montanari, C, Morales-Molino, C, Mrotzek, A, Sobrino, C, Naidina, O, Nakagawa, T, Nielsen, A, Novenko, E, Panajiotidis, S, Panova, N, Papadopoulou, M, Pardoe, H, Pedziszewska, A, Petrenko, T, Ramos-Roman, M, Ravazzi, C, Rosch, M, Ryabogina, N, Ruiz, S, Sakari Salonen, J, Sapelko, T, Schofield, J, Seppa, H, Shumilovskikh, L, Stivrins, N, Stojakowits, P, Svitavska, H, Swieta-Musznicka, J, Tantau, I, Tinner, W, Tobolski, K, Tonkov, S, Tsakiridou, M, Valsecchi, V, Zanina, O, Zimny, M, University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews. Environmental Change Research Group, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Sofia University 'Sv. Kliment Ohridski', Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), University of Helsinki, and University of Sofia

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, LAKE CONSTANCE REGION, Palynology Palaeoecology Palaeoclimatology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, HUMAN IMPACT, recent pollen deposition, 580 Plants (Botany), medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, 2417.10 Paleobotánica, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, ddc:550, SURFACE POLLEN, SOUTHERN NORWAY, SDG 13 - Climate Action, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Environmental sciences, SDG 15 - Life on Land, lcsh:GE1-350, 0303 health sciences, CLIMATE-CHANGE, GE, APUSENI NATURAL PARK, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Foundation (engineering), European pollen database, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Europe, LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM, Geography, NORTHERN IBERIAN PLATEAU, pollen, GE Environmental Sciences, 1171 Geosciences, 010506 paleontology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Earth and Planetary Sciences(all), Library science, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, neotoma, 03 medical and health sciences, Eurasian Modern Pollen Database, 2502.05 Paleoclimatología, Pollen, medicine, SIERRA-NEVADA, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 030304 developmental biology, Botánica, HOLOCENE VEGETATION HISTORY, DAS, 15. Life on land, 2416.03 Palinología, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, lcsh:Geology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], MCP, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

The Eurasian (née European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land cover, and land use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60% from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated map-based viewer at https://empd2.github.io and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https: //doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019)., Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) 200021_169598, University of Lausanne

Published
2020

45. Human-induced fire regime shifts during 19th century industrialization: a robust fire regime reconstruction using northern Polish lake sediments

Author

Ott, Florian, Dietze, Elisabeth, Pieńczewska, Anna, Schreuder, Laura, Słowiński, Michał, Hopmans, Ellen, Brauer, Achim, Brykała, Dariusz, Dietze, Michael, Schouten, Stefan, Obremska, Milena, Blarquez, Olivier, Jażdżewski, Krzysztof, Organic geochemistry, Organic geochemistry & molecular biogeology, and Finsinger, W.

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Geologic Sediments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Marine and Aquatic Sciences, Forests, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, 01 natural sciences, Geographical locations, Wildfires, Trees, Industrial Development, Biomass, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences, Sedimentary Geology, Ecology, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), Eukaryota, Forestry, Geology, Plants, Terrestrial Environments, Europe, Charcoal, Engineering and Technology, Medicine, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Biogeochemistry, Research Article, Freshwater Environments, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Ecological Metrics, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences, Science, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, Fires, Ecosystems, European Union, General, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Petrology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Fire Suppression Technology, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Other Earth Sciences, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Aquatic Environments, 15. Life on land, Bodies of Water, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Lakes, Fire Engineering, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Biogeochemistry, 13. Climate action, EarthArXiv|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Other Earth Sciences, Earth Sciences, Sediment, Poland, People and places, Pines
Abstract

Fire regime shifts are driven by climate and natural vegetation changes, but can be strongly affected by human land management. Yet, it is poorly known how humans have influenced fire regimes prior to active wildfire suppression. Among the last 250 years, the human contribution to the global increase in fire occurrence during the mid-19th century is especially unclear, as data sources are limited. Here, we test the extent to which forest management has driven fire regime shifts in a temperate forest landscape. We combine multiple fire proxies (macroscopic charcoal and fire-related biomarkers) derived from highly resolved lake sediments (i.e., 3–5 years per sample), and apply a new statistical approach to classify source area- and temperature-specific fire regimes (biomass burnt, fire episodes). We compare these records with independent climate and vegetation reconstructions. We find two prominent fire regime shifts during the 19th and 20th centuries, driven by an adaptive socio-ecological cycle in human forest management. Although individual fire episodes were triggered mainly by arson (as described in historical documents) during dry summers, the biomass burnt increased unintentionally during the mid-19th century due to the plantation of flammable, fast-growing pine tree monocultures needed for industrialization. State forest management reacted with active fire management and suppression during the 20th century. However, pine cover has been increasing since the 1990s and climate projections predict increasingly dry conditions, suggesting a renewed need for adaptations to reduce the increasing fire risk. © 2019 Dietze et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Published
2019

46. Holocene ecosystem and temperature development inferred from invertebrate remains in Zminje Jezero (Dinaric Alps, Montenegro).

Author

Schmidhauser NRMM, Finsinger W, Cagliero E, and Heiri O

Abstract

Lake Zminje Jezero (1535 m a.s.l.) in Montenegro was studied for chironomid and other aquatic invertebrate remains in a sediment sequence dating back to 12,000 calibrated 14 C years before present (cal yr BP), providing, to our knowledge, the first lake-sediment record studied for chironomids and other associated chitinous aquatic invertebrate remains in the Dinaric Alps. Changes in chironomid and other invertebrate remains along the record make it possible to constrain changes of relevant environmental variables for aquatic invertebrates in the lake including temperature, oxygen availability, trophic status and water depth. The results suggest moderate changes in trophic conditions with chironomid assemblages indicating meso- to eutrophic conditions during the analysed interval. Invertebrate assemblages were typical for lakes with relatively high oxygen availability with a minor trend during the middle to late Holocene to conditions observed in lakes that are more hypoxic. A change in temperature is suggested in the earlier part of the record when the share of chironomid taxa adapted to warmer conditions increased, at the Younger Dryas to Holocene transition, whereas later no particularly pronounced shifts in temperature-sensitive taxa were observed. July air temperatures were estimated based on chironomid assemblages using a transfer function based on calibration data consisting of 117 lakes sampled in the Swiss Alps and northern Switzerland. The results suggest that temperatures rapidly increased by 5 °C at the onset of the Holocene (11,500 cal yr BP) leading to a relatively warm early to mid-Holocene and thereafter slightly decreased during the late Holocene. Reconstructed temperatures are discussed together with a previously published pollen record for our study site and are broadly consistent with other chironomid-based temperature reconstructions from Central, Eastern and Southern Europe. From ca. 3000 cal yr BP sedimentation rates increased and from ca. 500 cal yr BP onwards pollen data suggest that the vegetation and lake catchment were affected by human activities, possibly influencing chironomid and other invertebrate assemblages in the lake and thereby also reconstructed temperatures. Overall, our results show that combining analyses of chironomid and other invertebrate assemblages can provide valuable insights into long-term environmental changes and can provide temperature reconstructions for small mountain lakes in the Balkans, such as Zminje Jezero., Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10933-024-00334-y., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestAuthors have no competing interests as defined by Springer or other conflicts of interest that could be perceived as having influenced the results and/or discussion in this paper., (© The Author(s) 2024.)

Published
2024
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47. Socio-ecological impact of monogenetic volcanism in the La Garrotxa Volcanic Field (NE Iberia).

Author

Revelles J, Martí Molist J, Burjachs F, Finsinger W, Iriarte E, Mesquita-Joanes F, Pla-Rabés S, Planagumà L, Rodrigo MA, Alcalde G, and Saña M

Abstract

Volcanism can cause major impacts, including climate change and mass extinctions. However, the impact of monogenetic volcanism is often considered as limited in volcanological research. This work provides for the first time an interdisciplinary approach to the socio-ecological impact of monogenetic volcanism in a key region, the La Garrotxa Volcanic Field (GVF, Girona, NE Iberia), where intense monogenetic volcanic activity occurred in the past. The analyses of a sedimentary sequence from the GVF enabled identifying previously unknown volcanic eruptions in the time interval 14-8.4 ka cal BP, constrain their volcanic stratigraphy and age, and unfold the effects of environmental change on geomorphology, vegetation, aquatic organisms and humans. Moreover, we reconstruct the major palaeoenvironmental changes caused by the eruptions in terms of fire episodes and subsequent disturbance on vegetation, hydrology and limnological conditions. When put in context with the archaeological record, it appears that the last hunter-gatherer communities were resilient at an extra-local scale, facing episodes of vulnerability due to volcanic activity, suggesting that their flexible nomadic patterns and foraging economies were an efficient source of risk management against the volcanic eruptions and their ecological impacts., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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48. Synergistic impacts of anthropogenic fires and aridity on plant diversity in the Western Ghats: Implications for management of ancient social-ecological systems.

Author

Kulkarni C, Finsinger W, Anand P, Nogué S, and Bhagwat SA

Subjects
Biodiversity, Forests, Humans, India, Ecosystem, Fires
Abstract

Identifying the impacts of anthropogenic fires on biodiversity is imperative for human-influenced tropical rainforests because: i) these ecosystems have been transformed by human-induced fires for millennia; and ii) their effective management is essential for protecting the world's terrestrial biodiversity in the face of global environmental change. While several short-term studies elucidate the impacts of fires on local plant diversity, how plant diversity responds to fire regimes over long timescales (>100 years) is a significant knowledge gap, posing substantial impediment to evidence-based management of tropical social-ecological systems. Using wet evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of India as a model system, we discuss the synergistic effects of anthropogenic fires and enhanced aridity on tropical plant diversity over the past 4000 years by examining fossil pollen-based diversity indices (e.g., pollen richness and evenness, and temporal β-diversity), past fire management, the intervals of enhanced aridity due to reduced monsoon rainfall and land use history. By developing a historical perspective, our aim is to provide region-specific management information for biodiversity conservation in the Western Ghats. We observe that the agroforestry landscape switches between periods of no fires (4000-1800 yr BP, and 1400-400 yr BP) and fires (1800-1400 yr BP, and 400-0 yr BP), with both fire periods concomitant with intervals of enhanced aridity. We find synergistic impacts of anthropogenic fires and aridity on plant diversity uneven across time, pointing towards varied land management strategies implemented by the contemporary societies. For example, during 1800-1400 yr BP, diversity reduced in conjunction with a significant decrease in the canopy cover related to sustained use of fires, possibly linked to large-scale intensification of agriculture. On the contrary, the substantially reduced fires during 400-0 yr BP may be associated with the emergence of sacred forest groves, a cultural practice supporting the maintenance of plant diversity. Overall, notwithstanding apparent changes in fires, aridity, and land use over the past 4000 years, present-day plant diversity in the Western Ghats agroforestry landscape falls within the range of historical variability. Importantly, we find a strong correlation between plant diversity and canopy cover, emphasising the crucial role of maintenance of trees in the landscape for biodiversity conservation. Systematic tree management in tropical social-ecological systems is vital for livelihoods of billions of people, who depend on forested landscapes. In this context, we argue that agroforestry landscapes can deliver win-win solutions for biodiversity as well as people in the Western Ghats and wet tropics at large., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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49. The rise of novelty in marine ecosystems: The Baltic Sea case.

Author

Ammar Y, Niiranen S, Otto SA, Möllmann C, Finsinger W, and Blenckner T

Subjects
Animals, Finland, Humans, Oceans and Seas, Phytoplankton, Ecosystem, Zooplankton
Abstract

Global environmental changes have accelerated at an unprecedented rate in recent decades due to human activities. As a consequence, the incidence of novel abiotic conditions and biotic communities, which have been continuously emerging in the Earth system, has rapidly risen. Despite growing attention to the incidence and challenges posed by novelty in terrestrial ecosystems, novelty has not yet been quantified in marine ecosystems. Here, we measured for the rate of novelty (RoN) in abiotic conditions and community structure for three trophic levels, i.e., phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish, in a large marine system - the Baltic Sea. We measured RoN as the degree of dissimilarity relative to a specific spatial and temporal baseline, and contrasted this with the rate of change as a measure of within-basin change over time. We found that over the past 35 years abiotic and biotic RoN showed complex dynamics varying in time and space, depending on the baseline conditions. RoN in abiotic conditions was smaller in the open Central Baltic Sea than in the Kattegat and the more enclosed Gulf of Bothnia, Gulf of Riga, and Gulf of Finland in the north. We found a similar spatial pattern for biotic assemblages, which resulted from changes in composition and stock size. We identified sea-surface temperature and salinity as key drivers of RoN in biotic communities. Hence, future environmental changes that are expected to affect the biogeochemistry of the Baltic Sea, may favor the rise of biotic novelty. Our results highlighted the need for a deeper understanding of novelty development in marine ecosystems, including interactions between species and trophic levels, ecosystem functioning under novel abiotic conditions, and considering novelty in future management interventions., (© 2021 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Published
2021
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50. Publisher Correction: A global database of Holocene paleotemperature records.

Author

Kaufman D, McKay N, Routson C, Erb M, Davis B, Heiri O, Jaccard S, Tierney J, Dätwyler C, Axford Y, Brussel T, Cartapanis O, Chase B, Dawson A, de Vernal A, Engels S, Jonkers L, Marsicek J, Moffa-Sánchez P, Morrill C, Orsi A, Rehfeld K, Saunders K, Sommer PS, Thomas E, Tonello M, Tóth M, Vachula R, Andreev A, Bertrand S, Biskaborn B, Bringué M, Brooks S, Caniupán M, Chevalier M, Cwynar L, Emile-Geay J, Fegyveresi J, Feurdean A, Finsinger W, Fortin MC, Foster L, Fox M, Gajewski K, Grosjean M, Hausmann S, Heinrichs M, Holmes N, Ilyashuk B, Ilyashuk E, Juggins S, Khider D, Koinig K, Langdon P, Larocque-Tobler I, Li J, Lotter A, Luoto T, Mackay A, Magyari E, Malevich S, Mark B, Massaferro J, Montade V, Nazarova L, Novenko E, Pařil P, Pearson E, Peros M, Pienitz R, Płóciennik M, Porinchu D, Potito A, Rees A, Reinemann S, Roberts S, Rolland N, Salonen S, Self A, Seppä H, Shala S, St-Jacques JM, Stenni B, Syrykh L, Tarrats P, Taylor K, van den Bos V, Velle G, Wahl E, Walker I, Wilmshurst J, Zhang E, and Zhilich S

Abstract

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Published
2020
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