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1. Long‐term (48 weeks) effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of erenumab in the prevention of high‐frequency episodic and chronic migraine in a real world: Results of the EARLY 2 study

Author

Barbanti P., Aurilia C., Cevoli S., Egeo G., Fofi L., Messina R., Salerno A., Torelli P., Albanese M., Carnevale A., Bono F., D'Amico D., Filippi M., Altamura C., Vernieri F., Colombo B., Frediani F., Mercuri B., D'Onofrio F., Grazzi L., Aguggia M., Pierangeli G., Favoni V., Finocchi C., Di Fiore P., Costa C. M., Brunelli N., Fallacara A., Bertuzzo D., Zucco M., Di Clemente L., Trimboli M., Pascarella A., Manzo L., Barbanti P., Aurilia C., Cevoli S., Egeo G., Fofi L., Messina R., Salerno A., Torelli P., Albanese M., Carnevale A., Bono F., D'Amico D., Filippi M., Altamura C., Vernieri F., Colombo B., Frediani F., Mercuri B., D'Onofrio F., Grazzi L., Aguggia M., Pierangeli G., Favoni V., Finocchi C., Di Fiore P., Costa C.M., Brunelli N., Fallacara A., Bertuzzo D., Zucco M., Di Clemente L., Trimboli M., Pascarella A., Manzo L., Barbanti, Piero, Aurilia, Cinzia, Cevoli, Sabina, Egeo, Gabriella, Fofi, Luisa, Messina, Roberta, Salerno, Antonio, Torelli, Paola, Albanese, Maria, Carnevale, Antonio, Bono, Francesco, D'Amico, Domenico, Filippi, Massimo, Altamura, Claudia, and Vernieri, Fabrizio

Subjects
Adult, Male, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonist, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual analogue scale, Migraine Disorders, Population, Analgesic, Longitudinal Studie, Sex Factor, Calcitonin gene-related peptide, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, calcitonin gene-related peptide, Sex Factors, Chronic Migraine, Migraine Disorder, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Receptor Antagonists, Interquartile range, Internal medicine, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, sex, Humans, Medicine, long-term treatment, migraine, Longitudinal Studies, education, allodynia, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Italy, Neurology, Tolerability, Migraine, erenumab, Hyperalgesia, Chronic Disease, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, Human
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of erenumab in a real-world migraine population, looking for putative predictors of responsiveness. Background: Erenumab proved to be effective, safe, and well tolerated in the prevention of episodic migraine (EM) and chronic migraine (CM) in long-term extension studies of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials in patients with no more than two (EM) or three (CM) prior preventive treatment failures. Methods: A 48-week, multicenter, longitudinal cohort real-life study was conducted at 15headache centers across eight Italian regions between December 20, 2018 and July 31, 2020. We considered all consecutive patients with high-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM) or CM aged 18–65years. Each patient was treated with erenumab 70mg, administered monthly. The dose was switched to 140mg in nonresponders and in responders who had become nonresponders for at least 4weeks. Change in monthly migraine days (MMDs) or monthly headache days (MHDs) at Weeks 45–48 compared with baseline was the primary efficacy endpoint. Secondary endpoints encompassed variation in monthly analgesic intake, achievement of a ≥50%, ≥75%, or 100% reduction in migraine or headache days, and any change in the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Headache Impact Test-6 scores (HIT-6) during the same time interval. Results: A total of 242 patients with migraine received at least one dose of erenumab 70mg and were considered for safety analysis, whereas 221 received a monthly erenumab dose for ≥48weeks and were included in the effectiveness and safety analysis set. All patients had previously been treated unsuccessfully with ≥3migraine-preventive medication classes. From baseline to Weeks 45–48, erenumab treatment reduced MMD by 4.3±5.3(mean±SD) in patients with HFEM, and MHD by 12.8±8.9 (mean±SD) in subjects with CM. VAS and HIT-6scores were decreased by 1.8±1.9 (mean±SD) and 12.3±11 (mean±SD) in HFEM, and by 3.0±2.2 (mean±SD) and 13.1±11.2 (mean±SD) in CM. Median monthly analgesic intake passed from 11.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 10.0–13.0) to 5 (IQR 2.0–8.0) in HFEM and from 20.0 (IQR 15.0–30.0) to 6.0 (IQR 3.8–10.0) in CM. The ≥50% responders were 56.1% (32/57) in HFEM and 75.6% (124/164) in CM; ≥75% responders were 31.6% (18/57) and 44.5% (73/164); and 100% responders were 8.8% (5/57) and 1.2% (2/164), respectively. At Week 48, 83.6% (137/164) of patients with CM had reverted to EM. Erenumab was safe and well tolerated. Responsiveness to erenumab was positively associated with cutaneous allodynia (OR: 5.44, 95% CI: 1.52–19.41; p=0.009) in HFEM. In patients with CM, ≥50% responsiveness was positively associated with male sex (OR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.03–8.7; p=0.044) and baseline migraine frequency (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.20; p=0.001) and negatively associated with psychiatric comorbidities (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.15–0.87; p=0.023) and prior treatment failures (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64–0.92; p=0.004). Conclusions: Long-term (48-week) erenumab treatment provides sustained effectiveness, safety, and tolerability in real-life patients with HFEM or CM with ≥3 prior preventive treatment failures. The dose of 140mg was required in most patients along the study and should be taken into consideration as the starting dose. Allodynia (in HFEM), male sex, and baseline migraine frequency (in CM) might represent positive responsiveness predictors. Conversely, psychiatric comorbidities and multiple prior preventive treatment failures could be negative predictors in patients with CM.

Published
2021

6. Carotid artery stenting during endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke with tandem occlusion: the Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke

Author

Sallustio, Fabrizio, Pracucci, Giovanni, Cappellari, Manuel, Saia, Valentina, Mascolo, Alfredo Paolo, Marrama, Federico, Gandini, Roberto, Koch, Giacomo, Diomedi, Marina, D’Agostino, Federica, Rocco, Alessandro, Da Ros, Valerio, Wlderk, Andrea, Nezzo, Marco, Argirò, Renato, Morosetti, Daniele, Renieri, Leonardo, Nencini, Patrizia, Vallone, Stefano, Zini, Andrea, Bigliardi, Guido, Pitrone, Antonio, Grillo, Francesco, Bracco, Sandra, Tassi, Rossana, Bergui, Mauro, Naldi, Andrea, Carità, Giuseppe, Casetta, Ilaria, Gasparotti, Roberto, Magoni, Mauro, Simonetti, Luigi, Haznedari, Nicolò, Paolucci, Matteo, Mavilio, Nicola, Malfatto, Laura, Menozzi, Roberto, Genovese, Antonio, Cosottini, Mirco, Orlandi, Giovanni, Comai, Alessio, Franchini, Enrica, Pedicelli, Alessandro, Frisullo, Giovanni, Puglielli, Edoardo, Casalena, Alfonsina, Cester, Giacomo, Baracchini, Claudio, Castellano, Davide, Di Liberto, Alessandra, Ricciardi, Giuseppe Kenneth, Chiumarulo, Luigi, Petruzzellis, Marco, Lafe, Elvis, Persico, Alessandra, Cavasin, Nicola, Critelli, Adriana, Semeraro, Vittorio, Tinelli, Angelica, Giorgianni, Andrea, Carimati, Federico, Auteri, William, Rizzuto, Stefano, Biraschi, Francesco, Nicolini, Ettore, Ferrari, Antonio, Melis, Maurizio, Calia, Stefano, Tassinari, Tiziana, Nuzzi, Nunzio Paolo, Corato, Manuel, Sacco, Simona, Squassina, Guido, Invernizzi, Paolo, Gallesio, Ivan, Ruiz, Luigi, Dui, Giovanni, Carboni, Nicola, Amistà, Pietro, Russo, Monia, Maiore, Mario, Zanda, Bastianina, Craparo, Giuseppe, Mannino, Marina, Inzitari, Domenico, Toni, Danilo, Mangiafico, Salvatore, Gasparotti, R., Inzitari, D., Mangiafico, S., Toni, D., Vallone, S., Zini, A., Bergui, M., Causin, F., Ciccone, A., Nencini, P., Saletti, A., Sallustio, F., Tassi, R., Thyrion, F. Zappoli, Pracucci, G., Saia, V., Gandini, R., Da Ros, V., Greco, L., Morosetti, D., Diomedi, M., Nappini, S., Limbucci, N., Renieri, L., Fainardi, E., Verganti, L., Sacchetti, F., Zelent, G., Bigliardi, G., Dell’Acqua, M. L., Picchetto, L., Vandelli, L., Pentore, R., Maffei, S., Nichelli, P., Longo, M., Pitrone, A., Vinci, S. L., Velo, M., Caragliano, A., Tessitore, A., Bonomo, O., Musolino, R., La Spina, P., Casella, C., Fazio, M. C., Grillo, F., Cotroneo, M., Dell’Aera, C., Francalanza, I., Bracco, S., Cioni, S., Gennari, P., Vallone, I. M., Cerase, A., Martini, G., Stura, G., Daniele, D., Cerrato, P., Naldi, A., Onofrio, M., De Vito, A., Azzini, C., Casetta, I., Mardighian, D., Frigerio, M., Magoni, M., Costa, A., Simonetti, L., Cirillo, L., Taglialatela, F., Isceri, S., Princiotta, C., Dall’Olio, M., Cellerini, M., Gentile, M., Piccolo, L., Migliaccio, L., Brancaleoni, L., Naldi, F., Romoli, M., Zaniboni, A., Ruggiero, M., Sanna, A., Haznedari, N., Commodaro, C., Longoni, M., Biguzzi, S., Cordici, F., Malatesta, E., Castellan, L., Mavilio, N., Salsano, G., Malfatto, L., Finocchi, C., Menozzi, R., Piazza, P., Epifani, E., Andreone, A., Scoditti, U., Castellini, P., Latte, L., Grisendi, I., Cosottini, M., Puglioli, M., Lazzarotti, G., Lauretti, D., Mancuso, M., Giannini, N., Maccarone, M., Orlandi, G., Comai, A., Bonatti, G., Nano, G., Ferro, F., Bonatti, M., Dall’Ora, E., Dossi, R. Currò, Turri, E., Turri, M., Colosimo, C., Pedicelli, A., D’Argento, F., Alexandre, A., Frisullo, G., Di Egidio, V., Puglielli, E. G., Ruggero, L., Assetta, M., Casalena, A., Cester, G., Baracchini, C., Viaro, F., Pieroni, A., Vaudano, G., Comelli, C., Di Maggio, L., Castellano, D., Cavallo, R., Duc, E., Chianale, G., Ciceri, E. F. M., Plebani, M., Augelli, R., Zampieri, P., Grazioli, A., Cappellari, M., Forlivesi, S., Tomelleri, G., Micheletti, N., Chiumarulo, L., Zimatore, D. S., Federico, F., Petruzzelli, M., Zappoli, F., Lafe, E., Sanfilippo, G., Sgreccia, A., Martignoni, A., Cavallini, A., Denaro, F., Persico, A., Cagliari, E., Cavasin, N., Quatrale, R., Critelli, A., Burdi, N., Semeraro, V., Lucarelli, N., Ganimede, M. P., Internò, S., Tinelli, A., Prontera, M. P., Pesare, A., Cotroneo, E., Pampana, E., Ricciardi, F., Gigli, R., Pezzella, F. R., Corsi, F., Giorgianni, A., Baruzzi, F., Pellegrino, C., Terrana, A., Versino, M., Delodovici, M. L., Carimati, F., Cariddi, L. Princiotta, Auteri, W., Di Benedetto, O., Silvagni, U., Perrotta, P., Crispino, E., Petrone, A., Stancati, F., Rizzuto, S., Pugliese, P., Pisani, E., Siniscalchi, A., Gaudiano, C., Pirritano, D., Del Giudice, F., Piano, M., Agostoni, E., Motto, C., Gatti, A., Guccione, A., Tortorella, R., Stecco, A., Guzzardi, G., Del Sette, B., Coppo, L., Baldan, J., Romano, D., Siani, A., Locatelli, G., Saponiero, R., Napolitano, R., De Gregorio, M., Volpe, G., Tenuta, M., Guidetti, G., Biraschi, F., Wulbek, A., Falcou, A., Anzini, A., Mancini, A., De Michele, M., Fausti, S., Di Mascio, M. T., Durastanti, L., Sbardella, E., Mellina, V., Nicolini, E., Comelli, S., Ganau, C., Corraine, S., Fusaro, F., Ferrari, A., Schirru, F., Ledda, V., Secci, S., Melis, M., Piras, V., Moller, J., Padolecchia, R., Allegretti, L., Caldiera, V., Calia, S., Ganci, G., Tassinari, T., Sugo, A., De Nicola, M., Giannoni, M., Bruni, S., Gambelli, E., Provinciali, L., Nuzzi, N. P., Marcheselli, S., Corato, M., Scomazzoni, F., Simionato, F., Roveri, L., Filauri, P., Sacco, S., Orlandi, B., De Santis, F., Tiseo, C., Notturno, F., Ornello, R., Pavia, M., Squassina, G., Cobelli, M., Morassi, M., Magni, E., Invernizzi, P., Pepe, F., Bigni, B., Costa, P., Crabbio, M., Griffini, S., Palmerini, F., Piras, M. P., Gallesio, I., Barbero, S., Ferrandi, D., Dui, G., Fancello, M. C., Zedda, S., Ticca, A., Saddi, M. V., Deiana, G., Rossi, R., Carboni, N., Mela, A., Amistà, P., Russo, M., Iannucci, G., Pinna, V., Di Clemente, L., Santi, M., De Boni, A., De Luca, C., Natrella, M., Fanelli, G., Cristoferi, M., Bottacchi, E., Corso, G., Tosi, P., Sessa, M., Giossi, A., Baietti, Null, Romano, G., Meineri, P., Armentano, A., Versace, P., Arcudi, L., Galvano, G., Petralia, B., Feraco, P., Luppi, G., Giometto, B., Bignamini, V., Piffer, S., Meloni, G. B., Fabio, C., Maiore, M., Pintus, F., Pischedda, A., Manca, A., Mongili, C., Zanda, B., Baule, A., Florio, F., Ciccarese, G., Leone, M., Di Viesti, P., Pappalardo, M. P., Craparo, G., Gallo, C., Monaco, S., Mannino, M., Muto, M., Guarnieri, Gl., Andreone, V., Passalacqua, G., Allegritti, M., Caproni, S., Filizzolo, M., Salmaggi, A., Giordano, A., Marini, C., Frattale, I., Lucente, G., Nozzoli, C., and Lupo, F. A.

Subjects
Stent, Acute stroke, Settore MED/37 - Neuroradiologia, Acute stroke Internal carotid artery diseases Stent Thrombectomy, Neurology (clinical), General Medicine, Settore MED/26, Internal carotid artery diseases, Thrombectomy
Abstract

The management of tandem extracranial internal carotid artery and intracranial large vessel occlusion during endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been under-investigated. We sought to investigate outcomes of AIS patients with tandem occlusion (TO) treated with carotid artery stenting (CAS) compared to those not treated with CAS (no-CAS) during EVT.We performed a cohort study using data from AIS patients enrolled in the Italian Registry of Endovascular Treatment in Acute Stroke. Outcomes were 3 months' mortality, functional outcome, complete and successful recanalization, any intracranial hemorrhage, parenchymal hematoma and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.Among 466 AIS patients with TO, CAS patients were 122 and no-CAS patients were 226 (118 excluded). After adjustment for unbalanced variables, CAS was associated with a lower rate of 3 months' mortality (OR 0.407, 95% CI 0.171-0.969, p = 0.042). After adjustment for pre-defined variables, CAS was associated with a lower rate of 3 months' mortality (aOR 0.430, 95% CI 0.187-0.989, p = 0.047) and a higher rate of complete recanalization (aOR 1.986, 95% CI 1.121-3.518, p = 0.019), successful recanalization (aOR 2.433, 95% CI 1.263-4.686, p = 0.008) and parenchymal hematoma (aOR 2.876, 95% CI 1.173-7.050, p = 0.021). CAS was associated with lower 3 months mortality (OR 0.373, 95% CI 0.141-0.982, p = 0.046) and higher rates of successful recanalization (OR 2.082, 95% CI 1.099-3.942, p = 0.024) after adjustment for variables associated with 3 months' mortality and successful recanalization, respectively.Among AIS patients with TO, CAS during EVT was associated with a higher rate of successful reperfusion and a lower rate of 3 months' mortality.

Published
2022

17. Carotid Stenting and Mechanical Thrombectomy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Tandem Occlusions: Antithrombotic Treatment and Functional Outcome

Author

Da Ros, V., primary, Scaggiante, J., additional, Sallustio, F., additional, Lattanzi, S., additional, Bandettini, M., additional, Sgreccia, A., additional, Rolla-Bigliani, C., additional, Lafe, E., additional, Sanfilippo, G., additional, Diomedi, M., additional, Ruggiero, M., additional, Haznedari, N., additional, Giannoni, M., additional, Finocchi, C., additional, and Floris, R., additional

Published
2020
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27. Alcohol intake and the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage in the elderly: The MUCH-Italy

Author

Costa, P., Grassi, M., Iacoviello, L., Zedde, M., Marcheselli, S., Silvestrelli, G., Delodovici, M. L., Sessa, M., Zini, A., Paciaroni, M., Azzini, C., Gamba, M., Del Sette, M., Toriello, A., Gandolfo, C., Bonifati, D. M., Tassi, R., Cavallini, A., Chiti, A., Calabro, R. S., Grillo, F., Bovi, P., Tomelleri, G., Di Castelnuovo, A., Ritelli, M., Agnelli, G., De Vito, A., Pugliese, N., Martini, G., Lodigiani, C., Morotti, A., Poli, L., Degiuli, V., Caria, F., Cornali, C., Degaetano, G., Colombi, M., Padovani, A., Pezzini, A., D'Amore, C., Acciarresi, M., Caso, V., Alberti, A., Venti, M., Vandelli, L., Dell'Acqua, M. L., Simone, A. M., Nichelli, P. F., Lanari, A., Ciccone, A., Del Zotto, E., Gilberti, N., Magoni, M., Zucco, G., Massucco, D., Finocchi, C., Balestrino, M., Carletti, M., Zivelonghi, C., Casella, C., La Spina, P., Musolino, R., Bramanti, P., Princiotta Cariddi, L., Giorli, E., Strambo, D., Giacalone, G., Glielmi, A., Volpe, G., Micieli, G., Montano, V., Padroni, Marotta, G., Malferrari, G., Marcello, N., Cucurachi, L., and Giossi, A.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Alcohol Drinking, Alcohol, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Elderly, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Elderly, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, 80 and over, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Cerebral Hemorrhage, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Case-control study, Case-Control Studies, Female, Italy, Middle Aged, Self Report, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, nervous system diseases, Cohort, Alcohol intake, Observational study, Neurology (clinical), business, Alcohol, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of alcohol as a causal factor for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and whether its effects might vary according to the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral bleeding.MethodsWe performed a case-control analysis, comparing a cohort of consecutive white patients with ICH aged 55 years and older with a group of age- and sex-matched stroke-free controls, enrolled in the setting of the Multicenter Study on Cerebral Haemorrhage in Italy (MUCH-Italy) between 2002 and 2014. Participants were dichotomized into excessive drinkers (>45 g of alcohol) and light to moderate drinkers or nondrinkers. To isolate the unconfounded effect of alcohol on ICH, we used causal directed acyclic graphs and the back-door criterion to select a minimal sufficient adjustment set(s) of variables for multivariable analyses. Analyses were performed on the whole group as well as separately for lobar and deep ICH.ResultsWe analyzed 3,173 patients (1,471 lobar ICH and 1,702 deep ICH) and 3,155 controls. After adjusting for the preselected variables in the minimal sufficient adjustments, heavy alcohol intake was associated with deep ICH risk (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36–2.09) as well as with the overall risk of ICH (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.17–1.63), whereas no effect was found for lobar ICH (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.77–1.32).ConclusionsIn white people aged 55 years and older, high alcohol intake might exert a causal effect on ICH, with a prominent role in the vascular pathologies underlying deep ICH.

Published
2018

31. Severity of Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Risk of Ipsilateral Hemispheric Ischaemic Events: Results from the ACSRS Study

Author

Nicolaides, A, Kakkos, S, Griffin, M, Sabetai, M, Dhanjil, S, Tegos, T, Thomas, D, Giannoukas, A, Geroulakos, G, Georgiou, N, Francis, S, Ioannidou, E, Doré, C, Adovasio, R, Ziani, B, Aló, E, Cicilioni, C, Ambrosio, G, Andreev, A, Andreozzi, G, Verlato, F, Camporese, G, Arosio, E, Barkauskas, E, Barros D'Sa, A, Brannigan, P, Batchvarova, V, Dramov, A, Belardi, P, Novelli, G, Simoni, G, Bell, P, Bornstein, N, Bouchier Hayes, D, Fitzgerald, P, Cairols, M, Cao, P, DeRango, P, Carboni, G, Geoffredo, C, Catalano, M, Chambers, B, Goetzmann, M, Dickinson, A, Clement, D, Bobelyn, M, Coccheri, S, Conti, E, Diamantopolous, E, Andreadis, E, Middleton, L, Pantziaris, M, Tyllis, T, Minar, E, Willfort, A, Moggi, L, Nenci, G, Radicchia, S, Norgren, L, Ribbie, E, Novo, S, Tantillo, R, Olinic, D, Paaske, W, Pagnan, A, Pauletto, P, Pagliara, V, Pettina, G, Pratesi, C, Matticari, S, Polivka, J, Sevcik, P, Poredos, P, Blinc, A, Videcnik, V, Pujia, A, Raso, A, Rispoli, P, Conforti, M, Robinson, T, Dennis, M, Rosfors, S, Rudofsky, G, Schroeder, T, Gronholdt, M, Finocchi, C, Rodriguez, G, Dimakakos, P, Kotsis, T, Eikelboom, B, Entz, L, Ferrari Bardilleas, n, Aloi, T, Salerno, M, Fernandes, J., BIASI, GIORGIO MARIA, MINGAZZINI, PAOLO, Nicolaides, A, Kakkos, S, Griffin, M, Sabetai, M, Dhanjil, S, Tegos, T, Thomas, D, Giannoukas, A, Geroulakos, G, Georgiou, N, Francis, S, Ioannidou, E, Doré, C, Adovasio, R, Ziani, B, Aló, E, Cicilioni, C, Ambrosio, G, Andreev, A, Andreozzi, G, Verlato, F, Camporese, G, Arosio, E, Barkauskas, E, Barros D'Sa, A, Brannigan, P, Batchvarova, V, Dramov, A, Belardi, P, Novelli, G, Simoni, G, Bell, P, Biasi, G, Mingazzini, P, Bornstein, N, Bouchier Hayes, D, Fitzgerald, P, Cairols, M, Cao, P, Derango, P, Carboni, G, Geoffredo, C, Catalano, M, Chambers, B, Goetzmann, M, Dickinson, A, Clement, D, Bobelyn, M, Coccheri, S, Conti, E, Diamantopolous, E, Andreadis, E, Middleton, L, Pantziaris, M, Tyllis, T, Minar, E, Willfort, A, Moggi, L, Nenci, G, Radicchia, S, Norgren, L, Ribbie, E, Novo, S, Tantillo, R, Olinic, D, Paaske, W, Pagnan, A, Pauletto, P, Pagliara, V, Pettina, G, Pratesi, C, Matticari, S, Polivka, J, Sevcik, P, Poredos, P, Blinc, A, Videcnik, V, Pujia, A, Raso, A, Rispoli, P, Conforti, M, Robinson, T, Dennis, M, Rosfors, S, Rudofsky, G, Schroeder, T, Gronholdt, M, Finocchi, C, Rodriguez, G, Dimakakos, P, Kotsis, T, Eikelboom, B, Entz, L, Ferrari Bardilleas, N, Aloi, T, Salerno, M, Fernandes, J, NICOLAIDES A N, KAKKOS S K, GRIFFIN M, SABETAI M, DHANJIL S, TEGOS T, THOMAS D J, GIANNOUKAS A, GEROULAKOS G, GEORGIOU N, FRANCIS S, IOANNIDOU E, and NOVO S

Subjects
Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid Stenosi, Predictive Value of Test, Carotid endarterectomy, Severity of Illness Index, Asymptomatic, Brain Ischemia, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cerebrovascular Accident, medicine.artery, Internal medicine, Severity of illness, NASCET, MED/22 - CHIRURGIA VASCOLARE, medicine, Carotid, Stenosis, Medicine(all), Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex, Creatinine, business.industry, Risk Factor, Incidence (epidemiology), medicine.disease, major clinical study, Ultrasonography, Duplex, Doppler, chemistry, Predictive value of tests, Cardiology, Surgery, ECST, Radiology, Internal carotid artery, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Human
Abstract

Objectives. This study determines the risk of ipsilateral ischaemic neurological events in relation to the degree of asymptomatic carotid stenosis and other risk factors. Methods. Patients (n = 1115) with asymptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis greater than 50% in relation to the bulb diameter were followed up for a period of 6-84 (mean 37.1) months. Stenosis was graded using duplex, and clinical and biochemical risk factors were recorded. Results. The relationship between ICA stenosis and event rate is linear when stenosis is expressed by the ECST method, but S-shaped if expressed by the NASCET method. In addition to the ECST grade of stenosis (RR 1.6; 95% CI 1.21-2.15), history of contralateral TIAs (RR 3.0; 95% CI 1.90-4.73) and creatinine in excess of 85 μmol/L (RR 2.1; 95% CI 1.23-3.65) were independent risk predictors. The combination of these three risk factors can identify a high-risk group (7.3% annual event rate and 4.3% annual stroke rate) and a low risk group (2.3% annual event rate and 0.7% annual stroke rate). Conclusions. Linearity between ECST percent stenosis and risk makes this method for grading stenosis more amenable to risk prediction without any transformation not only in clinical practice but also when multivariable analysis is to be used. Identification of additional risk factors provides a new approach to risk stratification and should help refine the indications for carotid endarterectomy. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2005

32. Asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis and cerebrovascular risk stratification

Author

Nicolaides, Andrew N, Kakkos, Stavros K., Kyriacou, Efthyvoulos, Griffin, Maura, Sabetai, Michael, Thomas, Dafydd J., Tegos, Thomas, Geroulakos, George, Labropoulos, Nicos, Dor, Caroline J., Morris, Tim P., Naylor, Ross, Abbott, Anne L., Adovasio, Roberto, Ziani, B., Alò, F. P., Cicilioni, C. G., Ambrosio, G., Andreev, A., Andreozzi, G. M., Verlato, F., Camporese, G., Arosio, E., Barkauskas, E., Barros D'Sa, A. A. B., Brannigan, P., Batchvarova, V., Dramov, A., Belardi, P., Novelli, Gp, Simoni, G., Bell, P., Biasi, G. M., Mingazzini, P., Bornstein, N. M., Bouchier Hayes, D., Fitzgerald, P., Cairols, M. A., Cao, P. G., Derango, P., Carboni, G. P., Geoffredo, C., Catalano, M., Chambers, B., Goetzmann, M., Dickinson, A., Clement, D., Bobelyn, M., Coccheri, S., Conti, E., Diamantopoulos, E., Andreadis, E. A., Dimakakos, P. B., Kotsis, T., Eikelboom, B., Entz, L., Ferrari Bardile, Null, Aloi, T., Salerno, M., Fernandes e. Fernandes, J., Pedro, L., Fitzgerald, D. E., O'Shaunnersy, Anne, Fletcher, J., Forconi, S., Cappeli, R., Bicchi, M., Arrigucci, S., Gallai, V., Cardaiolli, G., Geroulakos, G., Kakkos, S., Gomez Isaza, L. F., Gorgoyannis, G., Liasis, N., Graf, M., Guarini, P., Hardy, S., Harris, P., Aston, S., Iosa, G., Katsamouris, A., Giannoukas, A., Krzanowski, M., Ladurner, G., Leal Monedero, J., Lee, B. B., Liapis, C., Galanis, P., Liboni, W., Pavanelli, E., Mannarino, E., Vaudo, G., Mccollum, P., Levison, R., Micieli, G., Bosone, D., Middleton, L., Pantziaris, M., Tyllis, T., Minar, E., Willfort, A., Moggi, L., Nenci, G., Radicchia, S., Nicolaides, A., Thomas, D, Norgren, L., Ribbe, E., Novo, S., Tantillo, R., Olinic, D., Paaske, W., Pagnan, A., Pauletto, P., Pagliara, V., Pettina, G., Pratesi, C., Matticari, S., Polivka, J., Sevcik, P., Poredos, P., Blinc, A., Videcnik, V., Pujia, A., Raso, A., Rispoli, P., Conforti, M., Robinson, T., Dennis, M. S. J., Rosfors, S., Rudofsky, G., Schroeder, T., Gronholdt, M. L., Finocchi, C., Rodriguez, G., Spartera, C., Ventura, M., Scarpelli, P., Sprynger, M., Sadzot, B., Hottermans, C., Moonen, Null, Taylor, P. R., Tovar Pardo, A., Negreira, J., Vayssairat, M., Faintuch, J. M., Valaikiené, J., Walker, M. G., Wilkinson, A. R., Nicolaides, A, Kakkos, S, Kyriacou, E, Griffin, M, Sabetai, M, Thomas, D, Tegos, T, Geroulakos, G, Labropoulos, N, Dor, C, Morris, T, Naylor, R, Abbott, A, Adovasio, R, Ziani, B, Alò, F, Cicilioni, C, Ambrosio, G, Andreev, A, Andreozzi, G, Verlato, F, Camporese, G, Arosio, E, Barkauskas, E, Barros D'Sa, A, Brannigan, P, Batchvarova, V, Dramov, A, Belardi, P, Novelli, G, Simoni, G, Bell, P, Biasi, G, Mingazzini, P, Bornstein, N, Bouchier Hayes, D, Fitzgerald, P, Cairols, M, Cao, P, Derango, P, Carboni, G, Geoffredo, C, Catalano, M, Chambers, B, Goetzmann, M, Dickinson, A, Clement, D, Bobelyn, M, Coccheri, S, Conti, E, Diamantopoulos, E, Andreadis, E, Dimakakos, P, Kotsis, T, Eikelboom, B, Entz, L, Ferrari Bardileah, N, Aloi, T, Salerno, M, Fernandes, J, Pedro, L, Fitzgerald, D, O'Shaunnersy, A, Fletcher, J, Forconi, S, Cappeli, R, Bicchi, M, Arrigucci, S, Gallai, V, Cardaiolli, G, Gomez Isaza, L, Gorgoyannis, G, Liasis, N, Graf, M, Guarini, P, Hardy, S, Harris, P, Aston, S, Iosa, G, Katsamouris, A, Giannoukas, A, Krzanowski, M, Ladurner, G, Leal Monedero, J, Lee, B, Liapis, C, Galanis, P, Liboni, W, Pavanelli, E, Mannarino, E, Vaudo, G, Mccollum, P, Levison, R, Micieli, G, Bosone, D, Middleton, L, Pantziaris, M, Tyllis, T, Minar, E, Willfort, A, Moggi, L, Nenci, G, Radicchia, S, Norgren, L, Ribbe, E, Novo, S, Tantillo, R, Olinic, D, Paaske, W, Pagnan, A, Pauletto, P, Pagliara, V, Pettina, G, Pratesi, C, Matticari, S, Polivka, J, Sevcik, P, Poredos, P, Blinc, A, Videcnik, V, Pujia, A, Raso, A, Rispoli, P, Conforti, M, Robinson, T, Dennis, M, Rosfors, S, Rudofsky, G, Schroeder, T, Gronholdt, M, Finocchi, C, Rodriguez, G, Spartera, C, Ventura, M, Scarpelli, P, Sprynger, M, Sadzot, B, Hottermans, C, Moonenbp, N, Taylor, P, Tovar Pardo, A, Negreira, J, Vayssairat, M, Faintuch, J, Valaikiené, J, Walker, M, Wilkinson, A, Nicolaides, Andrew N, Kakkos, Stavros K., Kyriacou, Efthyvoulo, Griffin, Maura, Sabetai, Michael, Thomas, Dafydd J., Tegos, Thoma, Geroulakos, George, Labropoulos, Nico, Dor, Caroline J., Morris, Tim P., Naylor, Ro, Abbott, Anne L., Adovasio, Roberto, Ziani, B., Alò, F. P., Cicilioni, C. G., Ambrosio, G., Andreev, A., Andreozzi, G. M., Verlato, F., Camporese, G., Arosio, E., Barkauskas, E., Barros D'Sa, A. A. B., Brannigan, P., Batchvarova, V., Dramov, A., Belardi, P., Novelli, Gp, Simoni, G., Bell, P., Biasi, G. M., Mingazzini, P., Bornstein, N. M., Bouchier Hayes, D., Fitzgerald, P., Cairols, M. A., Cao, P. G., Derango, P., Carboni, G. P., Geoffredo, C., Catalano, M., Chambers, B., Goetzmann, M., Dickinson, A., Clement, D., Bobelyn, M., Coccheri, S., Conti, E., Diamantopoulos, E., Andreadis, E. A., Dimakakos, P. B., Kotsis, T., Eikelboom, B., Entz, L., Ferrari Bardile, Null, Aloi, T., Salerno, M., Fernandes e. Fernandes, J., Pedro, L., Fitzgerald, D. E., O'Shaunnersy, Anne, Fletcher, J., Forconi, S., Cappeli, R., Bicchi, M., Arrigucci, S., Gallai, V., Cardaiolli, G., Geroulakos, G., Kakkos, S., Gomez Isaza, L. F., Gorgoyannis, G., Liasis, N., Graf, M., Guarini, P., Hardy, S., Harris, P., Aston, S., Iosa, G., Katsamouris, A., Giannoukas, A., Krzanowski, M., Ladurner, G., Leal Monedero, J., Lee, B. B., Liapis, C., Galanis, P., Liboni, W., Pavanelli, E., Mannarino, E., Vaudo, G., Mccollum, P., Levison, R., Micieli, G., Bosone, D., Middleton, L., Pantziaris, M., Tyllis, T., Minar, E., Willfort, A., Moggi, L., Nenci, G., Radicchia, S., Nicolaides, A., Norgren, L., Ribbe, E., Novo, S., Tantillo, R., Olinic, D., Paaske, W., Pagnan, A., Pauletto, P., Pagliara, V., Pettina, G., Pratesi, C., Matticari, S., Polivka, J., Sevcik, P., Poredos, P., Blinc, A., Videcnik, V., Pujia, A., Raso, A., Rispoli, P., Conforti, M., Robinson, T., Dennis, M. S. J., Rosfors, S., Rudofsky, G., Schroeder, T., Gronholdt, M. L., Finocchi, C., Rodriguez, G., Spartera, C., Ventura, M., Scarpelli, P., Sprynger, M., Sadzot, B., Hottermans, C., Moonen, Null, Taylor, P. R., Tovar Pardo, A., Negreira, J., Vayssairat, M., Faintuch, J. M., Valaikiené, J., Walker, M. G., and Wilkinson, A. R.

Subjects
Male, Carotid Stenosi, carotid artery stenosis, Brain Ischemia, 80 and over, MED/22 - CHIRURGIA VASCOLARE, Carotid Stenosis, Cerebrovascular disease, cerebrovascular risk, Stroke, Ultrasonography, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, cardiovascular system, Female, Radiology, Internal carotid artery, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Carotid Artery, Internal, Adult, Aged, Amaurosis Fugax, Humans, ROC Curve, Risk Assessment, Surgery, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Asymptomatic, Central nervous system disease, medicine.artery, medicine, Asymtomatic carotid stenosis, cardiovascular diseases, Risk factor, carotid surgery, Vascular disease, business.industry, Amaurosis fugax, medicine.disease, Internal, Stenosis, atherosclerosis, Carotid Artery, business
Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the cerebrovascular risk stratification potential of baseline degree of stenosis, clinical features, and ultrasonic plaque characteristics in patients with asymptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Methods: This was a prospective, multicenter, cohort study of patients undergoing medical intervention for vascular disease. Hazard ratios for ICA stenosis, clinical features, and plaque texture features associated with ipsilateral cerebrovascular or retinal ischemic (CORI) events were calculated using proportional hazards models. Results: A total of 1121 patients with 50% to 99% asymptomatic ICA stenosis in relation to the bulb (European Carotid Surgery Trial [ECST] method) were followed-up for 6 to 96 months (mean, 48). A total of 130 ipsilateral CORI events occurred. Severity of stenosis, age, systolic blood pressure, increased serum creatinine, smoking history of more than 10 pack-years, history of contralateral transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or stroke, low grayscale median (GSM), increased plaque area, plaque types 1, 2, and 3, and the presence of discrete white areas (DWAs) without acoustic shadowing were associated with increased risk. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for predicted risk versus observed CORI events as a measure of model validity. The areas under the ROC curves for a model of stenosis alone, a model of stenosis combined with clinical features and a model of stenosis combined with clinical, and plaque features were 0.59 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.54-0.64), 0.66 (0.62-0.72), and 0.82 (0.78-0.86), respectively. In the last model, stenosis, history of contralateral TIAs or stroke, GSM, plaque area, and DWAs were independent predictors of ipsilateral CORI events. Combinations of these could stratify patients into different levels of risk for ipsilateral CORI and stroke, with predicted risk close to observed risk. Of the 923 patients with

Published
2010

33. Predictors and clinical significance of progression or regression of asymptomatic carotid stenosis

Author

Kakkos, Sk, Nicolaides, An, Charalambous, I, Thomas, D, Giannopoulos, A, Naylor, Ar, Geroulakos, G, Abbott, Al, Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis, Risk of Stroke Study Group Adovasio, R, Ziani, B, Alò, F, Cicilioni, C, Ambrosio, G, Andreev, A, Andreozzi, G, Verlato, F, Camporese, G, Arosio, E, Barkauskas, E, D'Sa, A, Brannigan, P, Batchvarova, V, Dramov, A, Belardi, P, Novelli, G, Simoni, G, Bell, P, Biasi, G, Mingazzini, P, Bornstein, N, Bouchier Hayes, D, Fitzgerald, P, Cairols, M, Cao, P, Derango, P, Carboni, G, Geoffredo, C, Catalano, M, Chambers, B, Goetzmann, M, Dickinson, A, Clement, D, Bobelyn, M, Coccheri, S, Conti, E, Diamantopoulos, E, Andreadis, E, Dimakakos, P, Kotsis, T, Eikelboom, B, Entz, L, Ferrari Bardile, A, Aloi, T, Salerno, M, Fernandes J, Fernandes e., Pedro, L, Fitzgerald, D, O'Shaughnessy, A, Fletcher, J, Forconi, S, Cappeli, R, Bicchi, M, Arrigucci, S, Gallai, V, Cardaiolli, G, Kakkos, S, Gomez Isaza, L, Gorgoyannis, G, Liasis, N, Graf, M, Guarini, P, Hardy, S, Harris, P, Aston, S, Iosa, G, Katsamouris, A, Giannoukas, A, Krzanowski, M, Ladurner, G, Leal Monedero, J, Lee, B, Liapis, C, Galanis, P, Liboni, W, Pavanelli, E, Mannarino, E, Vaudo, G, Mccollum, P, Levison, R, Micieli, G, Bosone, D, Middleton, L, Pantziaris, M, Tyllis, T, Minar, E, Willfort, A, Moggi, L, Nenci, G, Radicchia, S, Nicolaides, A, Norgren, L, Ribbe, E, Novo, S, Tantillo, R, Olinic, D, Paaske, W, Pagnan, A, Pauletto, P, Pagliara, V, Pettina, G, Pratesi, C, Matticari, S, Polivka, J, Sevcik, P, Poredos, P, Blinc, A, Videcnik, V, Pujia, A, Raso, A, Rispoli, Pietro, Conforti, M, Robinson, T, Dennis, M, Rosfors, S, Rudofsky, G, Schroeder, T, Gronholdt, M, Finocchi, C, Rodriguez, G, Spartera, C, Ventura, M, Scarpelli, P, Sprynger, M, Sadzot, B, Hottermans, C, Moonen, M, Taylor, P, Tovar Pardo, A, Negreira, J, Vayssairat, M, Faintuch, J, Valaikiené, J, Walker, M, Wilkinson, A. R., Kakkos, Stavros K., Nicolaides, Andrew N., Charalambous, Ioanna, Thomas, Dafydd, Giannopoulos, Argyrio, Naylor, A. Ro, Geroulakos, George, Abbott, Anne L., Adovasio, Roberto, Ziani, B., Alò, F. P., Cicilioni, C. G., Ambrosio, G., Andreev, A., Andreozzi, G. M., Verlato, F., Camporese, G., Arosio, E., Barkauskas, E., Barros D'Sa, A. A. B., Brannigan, P., Batchvarova, V., Dramov, A., Belardi, P., Novelli, G. P., Simoni, G., Bell, P., Biasi, G. M., Mingazzini, P., Bornstein, N. M., Bouchier Hayes, D., Fitzgerald, P., Cairols, M. A., Cao, P. G., Derango, P., Carboni, G. P., Geoffredo, C., Catalano, M., Chambers, B., Goetzmann, M., Dickinson, A., Clement, D., Bobelyn, M., Coccheri, S., Conti, E., Diamantopoulos, E., Andreadis, E. A., Dimakakos, P. B., Kotsis, T., Eikelboom, B., Entz, L., Ferrari Bardile, A., Aloi, T., Salerno, M., Fernandes E. Fernandes, J., Pedro, L., Fitzgerald, D. E., O'Shaughnessy, A. M., Fletcher, J., Forconi, S., Cappeli, R., Bicchi, M., Arrigucci, S., Gallai, V., Cardaiolli, G., Gomez Isaza, L. F., Gorgoyannis, G., Liasis, N., Graf, M., Guarini, P., Hardy, S., Harris, P., Aston, S., Iosa, G., Katsamouris, A., Giannoukas, A., Krzanowski, M., Ladurner, G., Leal Monedero, J., Lee, B. B., Liapis, C., Galanis, P., Liboni, W., Pavanelli, E., Mannarino, E., Vaudo, G., Mccollum, P., Levison, R., Micieli, G., Bosone, D., Middleton, L., Pantziaris, M., Tyllis, T., Minar, E., Willfort, A., Moggi, L., Nenci, G., Radicchia, S., Norgren, L., Ribbe, E., Novo, S., Tantillo, R., Olinic, D., Paaske, W., Pagnan, A., Pauletto, P., Pagliara, V., Pettina, G., Pratesi, C., Matticari, S., Polivka, J., Sevcik, P., Poredos, P., Blinc, A., Videcnik, V., Pujia, A., Raso, A., Rispoli, P., Conforti, M., Robinson, T., Dennis, M. S. J., Rosfors, S., Rudofsky, G., Schroeder, T., Gronholdt, M. L., Finocchi, C., Rodriguez, G., Spartera, C., Ventura, M., Scarpelli, P., Sprynger, M., Sadzot, B., Hottermans, C., Moonen, M., Taylor, P. R., Tovar Pardo, A., Negreira, J., Vayssairat, M., Faintuch, J. M., Valaikiené, J., Walker, M. G., and Wilkinson, A. R.

Subjects
Male, Time Factors, Cost effectiveness, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid Stenosi, Predictive Value of Test, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Carotid endarterectomy, Retinal Disease, Risk Factors, 80 and over, Carotid Stenosis, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Ultrasonography, Aged, 80 and over, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex, Incidence, Remission Induction, Doppler, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Duplex, Europe, Stroke, Predictive value of tests, Disease Progression, Cardiology, Female, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Carotid Artery, Internal, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factor, Victoria, Prognosi, Asymptomatic, Retinal Diseases, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Clinical significance, Aged, Asymptomatic Disease, business.industry, Risk Factor, medicine.disease, Internal, Confidence interval, Surgery, Stenosis, Asymptomatic Diseases, Relative risk, asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, Carotid Artery, business
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine baseline clinical and ultrasonographic plaque factors predictive of progression or regression of asymptomatic carotid stenosis and the predictive value of changes in stenosis severity on risk of first ipsilateral cerebral or retinal ischemic events (including stroke).METHODS: A total of 1121 patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis of 50% to 99% in relation to the bulb diameter (European Carotid Surgery Trial [ECST] method) underwent six monthly clinical assessments and carotid duplexes for up to 8 years (mean follow-up, 4 years). Progression or regression was considered present if there was a change of at least one grade higher or lower, respectively, persisting for at least two consecutive examinations.RESULTS: Regression occurred in 43 (3.8%), no change in 856 (76.4%), and progression in 222 (19.8%) patients. Younger age, high grades of stenosis, absence of discrete white areas in the plaque, and taking lipid lowering therapy were independent baseline predictors of increased incidence of regression. High serum creatinine, male gender, not taking lipid lowering therapy, low grades of stenosis, and increased plaque area were independent baseline predictors of progression. One hundred and thirty first ipsilateral cerebral or retinal ischemic events, including 59 strokes, occurred. Forty (67.8%) of the strokes occurred in patients whose stenosis was unchanged, 19 (32.2%) in those with progression, and zero in those with regression. For the entire cohort, the 8-year cumulative ipsilateral cerebral ischemic stroke rate was zero in patients with regression, 9% if the stenosis was unchanged, and 16% if there was progression (average annual stroke rates of 0%, 1.1%, and 2.0%, respectively; log-rank, P = .05; relative risk in patients with progression, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-3.25). For patients with baseline stenosis 70% to 99% in relation to the distal internal carotid (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial [NASCET] method), in the absence of progression (n = 349), the 8-year cumulative ipsilateral cerebral ischemic stroke rate was 12%. In the presence of progression (n = 77), it was 21% (average annual stroke rates of 1.5% and 2.6%, respectively; log-rank, P = .34). Only nine (30%) of the 30 strokes occurred in the progression group.CONCLUSIONS: Progressive asymptomatic carotid stenosis identified a subgroup with about twice the risk of ipsilateral stroke compared with those without progression. However, the clinical value of screening for progression simply for selecting patients for carotid procedures is limited because of the low frequency of progression and its relatively low associated stroke rate. The cost effectiveness of screening for change in stenosis severity to better direct current optimal medical treatment needs testing.

Published
2014

35. Silent embolic infarcts on computed tomography brain scans and risk of ipsilateral hemispheric events in patients with asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis

Author

Kakkos, S, Sabetai, M, Tegos, T, Stevens, J, Thomas, D, Griffin, M, Geroulakos, G, Nicolaides, A, Adovasio, R, Ziani, B, Alò, F, Cicilioni, C, Ambrosio, G, Andreev, A, Andreozzi, G, Verlato, F, Camporese, G, Arosio, E, Barkaukas, E, Barros D'Sa, A, Brannigan, P, Batchvarova, V, Dramov, A, Belardi, P, Novelli, G, Simoni, G, Bell, P, BIASI, GIORGIO MARIA, MINGAZZINI, PAOLO, Bornstein, N, Bouchier Hayes, D, Fitzgerald, P, Cairols, M, Cao, P, DeRango, P, Carboni, G, Geoffredo, C, Catalano, M, Chambers, B, Goetzmann, M, Dickinson, A, Clement, D, Bobelyn, M, Coccheri, S, Conti, E, Diamantopoulos, E, Andreadis, A, Dimakakos, P, Kotsis, T, Eikelboom, B, Entz, L, Ferrari Bardile, T, Salerno, M, Fernandes, J, Pedro, L, Fitzgerald, D, O'Shaunnersy, A, Fletcher, J, Forconi, S, Capelli, R, Bicchi, M, Arrigucci, S, Gallai, V, Cardaiolli, G, Gomez Isaza, L, Gorgoyannis, G, Liasis, N, Graf, M, Guarini, P, Hardy, S, Harris, P, Aston, S, Iosa, G, Katsamouris, A, Giannoukas, A, Krzanowski, M, Ladurner, G, Leal Monedero, J, Lee, B, Liapis, C, Galanis, P, Liboni, W, Pavanelli, E, Mannarino, E, Vaudo, G, McCollum, P, Levison, R, Micieli, G, Bosone, D, Middleton, L, Pantziaris, M, Tyllis, T, Minar, E, Willfort, A, Moggi, L, Nenci, G, Radicchia, S, Norgren, L, Ribbe, E, Novo, S, Tantillo, R, Olinic, D, Paaske, W, Pagnan, A, Pauletto, P, Pagliara, V, Pettina, G, Pratesi, C, Matticari, S, Polivka, J, Sevcik, P, Poredos, P, Blinc, A, Videcnik, V, Pujia, A, Raso, A, Rispoli, P, Conforti, M, Robinson, T, Dennis, M, Rosfors, S, Rudofsky, G, Finocchi, C, Rodriguez, G, Spartera, C, Ventura, M, Scarpelli, P, Sprynger, M, Sadzot, B, Hottermans, C, Moonenbj, n, Taylor, P, Tovar Pardo, A, Negreira, J, Vayssairat, M, Faintuch, J, Valaikiene, J, Walker, M, Wilkinson, A., Kakkos, S, Sabetai, M, Tegos, T, Stevens, J, Thomas, D, Griffin, M, Geroulakos, G, Nicolaides, A, Adovasio, R, Ziani, B, Alò, F, Cicilioni, C, Ambrosio, G, Andreev, A, Andreozzi, G, Verlato, F, Camporese, G, Arosio, E, Barkaukas, E, Barros D'Sa, A, Brannigan, P, Batchvarova, V, Dramov, A, Belardi, P, Novelli, G, Simoni, G, Bell, P, Biasi, G, Mingazzini, P, Bornstein, N, Bouchier Hayes, D, Fitzgerald, P, Cairols, M, Cao, P, Derango, P, Carboni, G, Geoffredo, C, Catalano, M, Chambers, B, Goetzmann, M, Dickinson, A, Clement, D, Bobelyn, M, Coccheri, S, Conti, E, Diamantopoulos, E, Andreadis, A, Dimakakos, P, Kotsis, T, Eikelboom, B, Entz, L, Ferrari Bardile, T, Salerno, M, Fernandes, J, Pedro, L, Fitzgerald, D, O'Shaunnersy, A, Fletcher, J, Forconi, S, Capelli, R, Bicchi, M, Arrigucci, S, Gallai, V, Cardaiolli, G, Gomez Isaza, L, Gorgoyannis, G, Liasis, N, Graf, M, Guarini, P, Hardy, S, Harris, P, Aston, S, Iosa, G, Katsamouris, A, Giannoukas, A, Krzanowski, M, Ladurner, G, Leal Monedero, J, Lee, B, Liapis, C, Galanis, P, Liboni, W, Pavanelli, E, Mannarino, E, Vaudo, G, Mccollum, P, Levison, R, Micieli, G, Bosone, D, Middleton, L, Pantziaris, M, Tyllis, T, Minar, E, Willfort, A, Moggi, L, Nenci, G, Radicchia, S, Norgren, L, Ribbe, E, Novo, S, Tantillo, R, Olinic, D, Paaske, W, Pagnan, A, Pauletto, P, Pagliara, V, Pettina, G, Pratesi, C, Matticari, S, Polivka, J, Sevcik, P, Poredos, P, Blinc, A, Videcnik, V, Pujia, A, Raso, A, Rispoli, P, Conforti, M, Robinson, T, Dennis, M, Rosfors, S, Rudofsky, G, Finocchi, C, Rodriguez, G, Spartera, C, Ventura, M, Scarpelli, P, Sprynger, M, Sadzot, B, Hottermans, C, Moonenbj, N, Taylor, P, Tovar Pardo, A, Negreira, J, Vayssairat, M, Faintuch, J, Valaikiene, J, Walker, M, and Wilkinson, A

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, internal carotid artery, Carotid endarterectomy, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, brain embolism, Asymptomatic, Risk Assessment, Central nervous system disease, Duplex scanning, Predictive Value of Tests, MED/22 - CHIRURGIA VASCOLARE, medicine, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, brain infarction, cardiovascular diseases, Prospective Studies, Stroke, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex, Cerebral infarction, business.industry, Amaurosis fugax, Cerebral Infarction, medicine.disease, major clinical study, neurologic disease, Stenosis, multicenter study, Intracranial Embolism, Ischemic Attack, Transient, transient ischemic attack, Disease Progression, carotid artery obstruction, Surgery, Female, Radiology, medicine.symptom, business, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Carotid Artery, Internal, prospective study
Abstract

Udgivelsesdato: 2009-Apr OBJECTIVES: This study tested the hypothesis that silent embolic infarcts on computed tomography (CT) brain scans can predict ipsilateral neurologic hemispheric events and stroke in patients with asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis. METHODS: In a prospective multicenter natural history study, 821 patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis graded with duplex scanning who had CT brain scans were monitored every 6 months for a maximum of 8 years. Duplex scans were reported centrally, and stenosis was expressed as a percentage in relation to the normal distal internal carotid criteria used by the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trialists. CT brain scans were reported centrally by a neuroradiologist. In 146 patients (17.8%), 8 large cortical, 15 small cortical, 72 discrete subcortical, and 51 basal ganglia ipsilateral infarcts were present; these were considered likely to be embolic and were classified as such. Other infarct types, lacunes (n = 15), watershed (n = 9), and the presence of diffuse white matter changes (n = 95) were not considered to be embolic. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 44.6 months (range, 6 months-8 years), 102 ipsilateral hemispheric neurologic events (amaurosis fugax in 16, 38 transient ischemic attacks [TIAs], and 47 strokes) occurred, 138 patients died, and 24 were lost to follow-up. In 462 patients with 60% to 99% stenosis, the cumulative event-free rate at 8 years was 0.81 (2.4% annual event rate) when embolic infarcts were absent and 0.63 (4.6% annual event rate) when present (log-rank P = .032). In 359 patients with

Published
2008

36. The Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Risk of Stroke (ACSRS) study. Aims and results of quality control

Author

Nicolaides, A, Sabetai, M, Kakkos, SK, Dhanjil, S, Tegos, T, Stevens, JM, Thomas, DJ, Francis, S, Griffin, M, Geroulakos, G, Ioannidou, E, Kyriacou, E, ACSRS Study Group: Adovasio, R, Ziani, B, Alò, FP, Cicilioni, CG, Ambrosio, G, Andreev, A, Andreozzi, GM, Verlato, F, Camporese, G, Arosio, E, Barkauskas, E, Barros, D'Sa AA, Batchvarova, V, Dramov, A, Belardi, P, Novelli, GP, Simoni, G, Bell, P, Bornstein, NM, Bouchier Hayes, D, Fitzgerald, P, Cairols, MA, Cao, PG, DeRango, P, Carboni, GP, Geoffredo, C, Catalano, M, Chambers, B, Goetzmann, M, Dickinson, A, Clement, D, Bobelyn, M, Coccheri, S, Conti, E, Dimakakos, PB, Kotsis, T, Eikelboom, B, Entz, L, Ferrari Bardile, A, Aloi, T, Salerno, M, Fernandes e. Farnandes, J, Pedro, L, Fitzgerald, DE, O'Shaunnersy, A, Dooley, C, McMahon, N, Fletcher, J, Forconi, S, Cappeli, R, Bicchi, M, Arrigucci, S, Gallai, V, Cardaiolli, G, Kakkos, S, Gomez Isaza, LF, Gorgoyannis, G, Liasis, N, Graf, M, Guarini, P, Hardy, S, Harris, P, Aston, S, Iosa, G, Katsamouris, A, Giannoukas, A, Krazanowski, M, Ladurner, G, Leal Monedero, J, Lee, BB, Liapis, C, Galanis, P, Liboni, W, Pavanelli, E, Mannarino, E, Vaudo, G, McCollum, P, Levison, R, Micieli, G, Bosone, D, Middleton, L, Pantziaris, M, Tyllis, T, Minar, E, Willfort, A, Moggi, L, Nenci, G, Radicchia, S, Norgren, L, Ribbe, E, Novo, S, Tantillo, R, Olinic, D, Paaske, W, Pagnan, A, Pauletto, P, Pagliara, V, Pettina, G, Pratesi, C, Matticari, S, Polivka, J, Sevcik, P, Poredos, P, Blinc, A, Videcnik, V, Pujia, A, Raso, A, Rispoli, P, Conforti, M, Robinson, T, Dennis, MS, Rosfors, S, Carlström, C, Rudofsky, G, Schroeder, T, Gronholdt, ML, Finocchi, C, Rodriguez, G, Spartera, C, Ventura, M, Scarpelli, P, Sprynger, M, Sadzot, B, Hottermans, C, Moonen, G, Taylor, PR, Tovar Pardo, A, Negreira, J, Vayssairat, M, Valaikiené, J, Walker, MG, Wilkinson, AR, Barnett, HJ, Bernstein, EF, Moore, W, Standness, LE, Tsapogas, M, van Gijn, J., BIASI, GIORGIO MARIA, MINGAZZINI, PAOLO, Nicolaides, A, Sabetai, M, Kakkos, S, Dhanjil, S, Tegos, T, Stevens, J, Thomas, D, Francis, S, Griffin, M, Geroulakos, G, Ioannidou, E, Kyriacou, E, ACSRS Study Group: Adovasio, R, Ziani, B, Alò, F, Cicilioni, C, Ambrosio, G, Andreev, A, Andreozzi, G, Verlato, F, Camporese, G, Arosio, E, Barkauskas, E, Barros, D, Batchvarova, V, Dramov, A, Belardi, P, Novelli, G, Simoni, G, Bell, P, Biasi, G, Mingazzini, P, Bornstein, N, Bouchier Hayes, D, Fitzgerald, P, Cairols, M, Cao, P, Derango, P, Carboni, G, Geoffredo, C, Catalano, M, Chambers, B, Goetzmann, M, Dickinson, A, Clement, D, Bobelyn, M, Coccheri, S, Conti, E, Dimakakos, P, Kotsis, T, Eikelboom, B, Entz, L, Ferrari Bardile, A, Aloi, T, Salerno, M, Fernandes e. Farnandes, J, Pedro, L, Fitzgerald, D, O'Shaunnersy, A, Dooley, C, Mcmahon, N, Fletcher, J, Forconi, S, Cappeli, R, Bicchi, M, Arrigucci, S, Gallai, V, Cardaiolli, G, Gomez Isaza, L, Gorgoyannis, G, Liasis, N, Graf, M, Guarini, P, Hardy, S, Harris, P, Aston, S, Iosa, G, Katsamouris, A, Giannoukas, A, Krazanowski, M, Ladurner, G, Leal Monedero, J, Lee, B, Liapis, C, Galanis, P, Liboni, W, Pavanelli, E, Mannarino, E, Vaudo, G, Mccollum, P, Levison, R, Micieli, G, Bosone, D, Middleton, L, Pantziaris, M, Tyllis, T, Minar, E, Willfort, A, Moggi, L, Nenci, G, Radicchia, S, Norgren, L, Ribbe, E, Novo, S, Tantillo, R, Olinic, D, Paaske, W, Pagnan, A, Pauletto, P, Pagliara, V, Pettina, G, Pratesi, C, Matticari, S, Polivka, J, Sevcik, P, Poredos, P, Blinc, A, Videcnik, V, Pujia, A, Raso, A, Rispoli, P, Conforti, M, Robinson, T, Dennis, M, Rosfors, S, Carlström, C, Rudofsky, G, Schroeder, T, Gronholdt, M, Finocchi, C, Rodriguez, G, Spartera, C, Ventura, M, Scarpelli, P, Sprynger, M, Sadzot, B, Hottermans, C, Moonen, G, Taylor, P, Tovar Pardo, A, Negreira, J, Vayssairat, M, Valaikiené, J, Walker, M, Wilkinson, A, Barnett, H, Bernstein, E, Moore, W, Standness, L, Tsapogas, M, and van Gijn, J

Subjects
MED/22 - CHIRURGIA VASCOLARE, Carotid artery stenosis, Carotid Endarterectomy, Echo Doppler, Risk of stroke
Abstract

AIM: The results of the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) study have provided the first scientific evidence that in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis greater than 60% carotid endarterectomy reduces the risk of stroke from 2% to 1% per year. The implications are that approximately 20 operations need to be performed in order to prevent 1 stroke in 5 years. The aims of the Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Risk of Stroke (ACSRS) study are to identify a subgroup or subgroups at a risk for stroke higher than 4% and a group at a risk for stroke less than 1% per year using systemic and local risk factors (plaque characterization) in addition to the degree of stenosis. The aim of this paper is to present the protocol and the results of the quality control. METHODS: The ACSRS is a multicentre natural history study of patients with asymptomatic internal carotid diameter stenosis greater than 50% in relation to the bulb. The degree of stenosis is graded using multiple established ultrasonic duplex criteria. In addition, ultrasonic plaque characterization is performed and clinical risk factors and medications are recorded. Training is provided centrally. All carotid ultrasound examinations are recorded on video-tape which together with CT-brain scans and ECG are analysed at the coordinating centre with feedback information to partner centres. RESULTS: The video recordings and analysis of data centrally with feed back information have provided quality control with a significant improvement not only in the completion of data forms but also in the grading of internal carotid stenosis and plaque recordings using ultrasound. CONCLUSION: The high level of quality of data collected will add credibility to the results of the ACSRS study and may eventually promote the development of international standards of plaque imaging and characterization

Published
2003

37. The size of juxtaluminal hypoechoic area in ultrasound images of asymptomatic carotid plaques predicts the occurrence of stroke

Author

Kakkos, Sk, Griffin, Mb, Nicolaides, An, Kyriacou, E, Sabetai, Mm, Tegos, T, Makris, Gc, Thomas, Dj, Geroulakos, G, Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis, Risk of Stroke Study Group, Adovasio, R, Ziani, B, Alò, F, Cicilioni, C, Ambrosio, G, Andreev, A, Andreozzi, G, Verlato, F, Camporese, G, Arosio, E, Barkauskas, E, Barros, A, Brannigan, P, Batchvarova, V, Dramov, A, Belardi, P, Novelli, G, Simoni, G, Bell, P, Biasi, G, Mingazzini, P, Bornstein, N, Bouchier Hayes, D, Fitzgerald, P, Cairols, M, Cao, P, Derango, P, Carboni, G, Geoffredo, C, Catalano, M, Chambers, B, Goetzmann, M, Dickinson, A, Clement, D, Bobelyn, M, Coccheri, S, Conti, E, Diamantopoulos, E, Andreadis, E, Dimakakos, P, Kotsis, T, Eikelboom, B, Entz, L, Ferrari Bardile, A, Aloi, T, Salerno, M, Fernandes, J, Pedro, L, Fitzgerald, D, O'Shaughnessy, A, Fletcher, J, Forconi, S, Cappeli, R, Bicchi, M, Arrigucci, S, Gallai, V, Cardaiolli, G, Kakkos, S, Gomez Isaza, L, Gorgoyannis, G, Liasis, N, Graf, M, Guarini, P, Hardy, S, Harris, P, Aston, S, Iosa, G, Katsamouris, A, Giannoukas, A, Krzanowski, M, Ladurner, G, Leal Monedero, J, Lee, B, Liapis, C, Galanis, P, Liboni, W, Pavanelli, E, Mannarino, E, Vaudo, G, Mccollum, P, Levison, R, Micieli, G, Bosone, D, Middleton, L, Pantziaris, M, Tyllis, T, Minar, E, Willfort, A, Moggi, L, Nenci, G, Radicchia, S, Nicolaides, A, Thomas, D, Norgren, L, Ribbe, E, Novo, S, Tantillo, R, Olinic, D, Paaske, W, Pagnan, A, Pauletto, P, Pagliara, V, Pettina, G, Pratesi, C, Matticari, S, Polivka, J, Sevcik, P, Poredos, P, Blinc, A, Videcnik, V, Pujia, A, Raso, A, Rispoli, Pietro, Conforti, M, Robinson, T, Dennis, M, Rosfors, S, Rudofsky, G, Schroeder, T, Gronholdt, M, Finocchi, C, Rodriguez, G, Spartera, C, Ventura, M, Scarpelli, P, Sprynger, M, Sadzot, B, Hottermans, C, Moonen, M, Taylor, P, Tovar Pardo, A, Negreira, J, Vayssairat, M, Faintuch, J, Valaikiené, J, Walker, M, Wilkinson, R., Stavros K., Kakko, Maura B., Griffin, Andrew N., Nicolaide, Efthyvoulos, Kyriacou, Michael M., Sabetai, Thomas, Tego, Gregory C., Makri, Dafydd J., Thoma, George, Geroulako, Asymptomatic Carotid, Stenosi, Risk of Stroke Study, Group, Adovasio, Roberto, Kakkos, SK, Griffin, MB, Nicolaides, AN, Kyriacou, E, Sabetai, MM, Tegos, T, Makris, GC, Thomas, DJ, Geroulakos, G, and Novo, s

Subjects
Asymptomatic carotid plaque, Male, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid endarterectomy, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Severity of Illness Index, asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis, hypoecoic area, Stroke, Risk Factors, Carotid Stenosis, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color, Prospective cohort study, Aged, 80 and over, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Plaque, Atherosclerotic, Europe, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Predictive value of tests, Female, Radiology, medicine.symptom, juxtaluminal hypoechoic area, ultrasound images, asymptomatic carotid plaques, stroke, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Carotid Artery, Internal, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Asymptomatic, Risk Assessment, Brain ischemia, Echography, Predictive Value of Tests, asymptomatic carotid artery stenosi, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, medicine.disease, Acoustic shadow, Settore MED/11 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Cardiovascolare, Stenosis, ROC Curve, Asymptomatic Diseases, Linear Models, Surgery, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the size of a juxtaluminal black (hypoechoic) area (JBA) in ultrasound images of asymptomatic carotid artery plaques predicts future ipsilateral ischemic stroke. METHODS: A JBA was defined as an area of pixels with a grayscale value 10 mm(2) (P < .001). In a Cox model with ipsilateral ischemic events (amaurosis fugax, transient ischemic attack [TIA], or stroke) as the dependent variable, the JBA (8 mm(2)) was still significant after adjusting for other plaque features known to be associated with increased risk, including stenosis, grayscale median, presence of discrete white areas without acoustic shadowing indicating neovascularization, plaque area, and history of contralateral TIA or stroke. Plaque area and grayscale median were not significant. Using the significant variables (stenosis, discrete white areas without acoustic shadowing, JBA, and history of contralateral TIA or stroke), this model predicted the annual risk of stroke for each patient (range, 0.1%-10.0%). The average annual stroke risk was

Published
2013

38. Observational case-control study of the prevalence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis: results from the CoSMo study

Author

Comi, G, Battaglia, Ma, Bertolotto, A, Del Sette, M, Ghezzi, A, Malferrari, G, Salvetti, M, Sormani, Mp, Tesio, L, Stolz, E, Zaratin, P, Mancardi, G, Baracchini, C, Bergamaschi, R, Bortolon, F, Bratina, A, Brescia Morra, V, Buccafusca, M, Busso, M, Capra, R, Carraro, N, Cavalla, P, Cecconi, P, Centonze, D, Ciampanelli, D, Cirrito, M, Ciuffoli, A, Coppo, L, Costantino, G, Cottone, S, Deboni, A, De Rossi, N, Di Maggio, L, Favaretto, E, Finocchi, C, Gaeta, R, Gallo, Paolo, Giometto, B, Granieri, E, Grazioli, S, Grimaldi, L, Guccione, A, Iemolo, F, Lochner, P, Lugaresi, A, Maimone, D, Mancini, M, Mantegazza, R, Marrosu, Mg, Menci, E, Monti, L, Motti, L, Nuzzaco, Gm, Pascazio, L, Patti, F, Protti, A, Provinciali, L, Rossato, D, Rovaris, M, Sanguigni, S, Sanzaro, E, Sette, G, Spinelli, M, Stecchi, S, Stefanini, M, Tezzon, F, Tola, Mr, Tonello, S, Trojano, M, Ulivelli, M, Uselli, S, Viaro, F, and Zedde, M. L.

Published
2013

39. Silent embolic infarcts on computed tomography brain scans and risk of ipsilateral hemispheric events in patients with asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis

Author

Kakkos, Sk, Sabetai, M, Tegos, T, Stevens, J, Thomas, D, Griffin, M, Geroulakos, G, Nicolaides AN Adovasio, B, Ziani, B, Alò, Fp, Cicilioni, Cg, Ambrosio, G, Andreev, A, Andreozzi, Gm, Verlato, F, Camporese, G, Arosio, E, Barkauskas, E, Barros D'Sa AA, Brannigan, P, Batchvarova, V, Dramov, A, Belardi, P, Novelli, Gp, Simoni, G, Bell, P, Biasi, Gm, Mingazzini, P, Bornstein, Nm, Bouchier Hayes, D, Fitzgerald, P, Cairols, Ma, Cao, Pg, Derango, P, Catalano, M, Chambers, B, Goetzmann, M, Dickinson, A, Clement, D, Bobelyn, M, Coccheri, S, Conti, E, Diamantopoulos, E, Andreadis, Ea, Dimakakos, Pb, Kotsis, T, Eikelboom, B, Entz, L, Aloi Ferrari Bardile, T, Salerno, M, Fernandes J, Fernandes e., Pedro, L, Fitzgerald, De, O'Shaunnersy, A, Fletcher, J, Forconi, S, Cappeli, R, Bicchi, M, Arrigucci, S, Gallai, V, Cardaiolli, G, Kakkos, S, Gomez Isaza LF, Gorgoyannis, G, Liasis, N, Graf, M, Guarini, P, Hardy, S, Harris, P, Aston, S, Iosa, G, Katsamouris, A, Giannoukas, A, Krzanowski, M, Ladurner, G, Leal Monedero, J, Lee, Bb, Liapis, C, Galanis, P, Liboni, W, Pavanelli, E, Mannarino, E, Vaudo, G, Mccollum, P, Levison, R, Micieli, G, Bosone, D, Middleton, L, Pantziaris, M, Tyllis, T, Minar, E, Willfort, A, Moggi, L, Nenci, G, Radicchia, S, Nicolaides, A, Norgren, L, Ribbe, E, Novo, S, Tantillo, R, Olinic, D, Paaske, W, Pagnan, A, Pauletto, P, Pagliara, V, Pettina, G, Pratesi, C, Matticari, S, Polivka, J, Sevcik, P, Poredos, P, Blinc, A, Pujia, A, Raso, A, Rispoli, Pietro, Conforti, M, Robinson, T, Dennis, Ms, Rosfors, S, Rudofsky, G, Schroeder, T, Gronholdt, Ml, Finocchi, C, Rodriguez, G, Spartera, C, Ventura, M, Scarpelli, P, Sprynger, M, Sadzot, B, Hottermans, C, Taylor, Pr, Tovar Pardo, A, Negreira, J, Vayssairat, M, Faintuch, Jm, Valaikiené, J, Walker, Mg, Wilkinson, Ar, Barnett, Hj, Bernstein, Ef, Jones, Am, Moore, W, Myers, K, Strandness, De, Toole, J, Tsapogas, M, and van Gijn, J.

Published
2009

40. Right-to-left shunt does not increase white matter lesion load in migraine with aura patients

Author

Adami, A, Rossato, G, Cerini, R, Thijs, V, Pozzi Mucelli, R, Anzola, G, Del Sette, M, Finocchi, C, Meneghetti, G, Zanferrari, C, Pascazio, L, Morandi, E, Gamba, M, Dinia, L, Sivori, G, Caputi, L, Parati, E, Carriero, M, Marchioretto, F, Santarello, G, Manzoni, G, Torelli, P, Devetak, A, Tanzi, A, Bosone, D, Diomedi, M, Leone, G, Vernieri, F, Altamura, C, Tiburzi, F, Mazzucco, S, and Inchingolo, E

Subjects
Male, Aura, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Right-to-left shunt, Migraine with Aura, Comorbidity, Nerve Fibers, Myelinated, Nerve Fibers, Blood coagulation test, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Settore MED/37 - Neuroradiologia, Contraceptives, Foramen Ovale, Patent, Multivariate Analysis, Middle Aged, Female, Heart Diseases, Causality, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Adult, Hypertension, Contraceptives, Oral, right-to-left shunt (RLS), Neuroradiology, Cardiology, Patent, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, medicine.symptom, MRI, Foramen Ovale, Oral, medicine.medical_specialty, Transcranial, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, medicine, business.industry, medicine.disease, Hyperintensity, Migraine with aura, Surgery, Transcranial Doppler, Migraine, Patent foramen ovale, Myelinated, White matter lesions (WMLs), Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract

White matter lesions (WMLs) are commonly found on brain MRI of migraine patients. Migraine with aura (MA+) is associated with an increased frequency of right-to-left shunt (RLS) mostly due to patent foramen ovale. The relationship between WML load and RLS in MA+ is currently unknown.MA+ patients were consecutively enrolled as part of the Shunt Associated Migraine (SAM) study. Patients underwent a standardized headache and vascular risk factors questionnaire, contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler, blood coagulation tests, and brain MRI. RLS was categorized into four grades: no shunt,10 microbubbles (mb),10 mb single spikes pattern, and10 mb shower/curtain pattern. Standard and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery T2-weighted MRI sequences were inspected for WMLs by three independent raters blinded to RLS grade. WML load was scored in the periventricular areas (PV-WMLs) with the Fazekas scale and in the deep white matter (D-WMLs) with the Scheltens scale. Interobserver agreement was good to excellent (kappa = 0.64 to 0.96, p0.0001). WML load was then correlated between patients with and without RLS.One hundred eighty-five patients (77% women) were included. PV-WML load was similar between patients with and without RLS. D-WML load decreased in patients with RLS (p = 0.045). On logistic regression analysis, only age was associated with WMLs (p0.001).The presence of right-to-left shunt does not increase white matter lesion load in patients who have migraine with aura.

Published
2008

42. General anaesthesia versus local anaesthesia for carotid surgery (GALA): a multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Author

GALA Trial Collaborative Group, C Lewis, S, P Warlow, C, R Bodenham, A, Colam, B, M Rothwell, P, Torgerson, D, Dellagrammaticas, D, Horrocks, M, Liapis, C, P Banning, A, Gough, M, J Gough, M, Fraser, A, Grant, S, Hunter, J, Leigh-Brown, A, Paterson, M, Soosay, V, Young, A, Williamson, A, Dean, Z, Mazzoli, T, Ricci, S, Valenti, D, Bamford, J, Beard, J, Dearden, M, Murray, G, Ruckley, V, E Norman, P, Sedivy, P, Idla, A, Schmitz-Rixen, T, Maritati, G, Bodenham, A, Cokic, N, Doppler, W, Hlatky, P, Koelblinger, C, Raith, C, Zölss, C, Dimmitt, S, Gharbi, R, Hankey, G, Maden, A, P Mwipatayi, B, Sieunarine, K, Tan, A, Turner, G, Wesseldine, A, T M, E Davis, Audzei, P, Davidovski, I, Dedul, D, Hetsiuk, A, Kornievich, S, Gao, J, Y-G, Huang, Jing, G, H, Li, Y-J, Li, Liu, B, C-W, Liu, J-D, Wu, W, Ye, C-H, Yu, Ban, T, Buljan, K, Candrlic, K, Dapic, D, Ilijasevic, M, Istvanic, T, Kovac, B, Kvolik, S, Lehner, V, Pinotic, K, Hudorović, N, Ivanec, Z, Lovricević, I, Mazul-Sunko, B, Novotny, Z, D De Syo, Vuković, V, Biebl, O, Dolecek, L, C El Samman, Kalasova, H, Kubricht, V, Matous, P, Michalek, P, Stajnrt, M, Stern, M, Svec, M, Vitasek, P, Vrzal, J, Weiss, K, Janousek, L, Kieslichova, E, Mazarova, V, Piza, P, Vychodil, P, Dulovcova, V, Fiksa, J, Hruby, J, Maresch, M, Mathias, M, Rubes, D, Tosenovsky, P, Vidim, T, Henzl, M, Riman, J, Ziegler, Z, Drabek, P, Hrbac, T, Reguli, S, Stigler, J, Bachleda, P, Drac, P, Hudecek, M, Koutna, J, Sanak, D, Utikal, P, Goldemund, D, Gregor, Z, Pavlikova, J, Podlaha, J, Privara, M, Staffa, R, Vlachovsky, R, Barankova, L, Chlouba, V, Fiedler, J, Prazak, P, Priban, V, Wierer, A, Ellervee, T, Järve, H, Sell, A, Taba, P, Kolbassov, V, Kullamaa, S, Paavel, T, Abramishvili, N, Bokuchava, M, Kachapuridze, N, Kipiani, K, Papashvili, K, Pargalava, N, Adili, F, Dietz, A, Neidhart, G, Nentwig, G, M Sitzer, O, Beno, M, Essink-Hassels, M, Lander, K, Ruemenapf, G, Breuer, P, Heldt, R, Melichar, G, Rieper, J, H Eckstein, H, Poppert, H, Schneider, G, Andrikopoulos, V, Angel, A, Bakogiannis, K, Dermitzaki, M, Georgakis, P, Lioupis, C, Maras, D, G Moulakakis, K, Sfyroeras, G, Arato, E, Gyevnar, Z, Hardi, P, Kasza, G, Kollar, L, Menyhei, G, Pal, E, Sinay, L, Verzar, Z, Volgyi, E, S Elmakias, S, Harah, E, Kristal, K, Lebi, D, Leonty, Y, Levy, D, Milo, R, Yoffe, B, Bissi, M, Cappellini, B, Cassamali, T, Corino, L, Denkewitz, T, Ghilardi, G, Massetto, N, P Di Mauro, Tommasino, C, Bartolucci, R, Buffa, V, M Corsi, F, D'Avino, E, F Di Cesare, L Di Pirro, Lappa, A, Luzzi, S, Menichetti, A, Nesi, F, Pannone, A, Picozzi, P, Pogany, G, Rabitti, G, Severi, L, Avella, R, Biandolino, P, P Giomarelli, P, R Monfregola, M, Palasciano, G, Peccianti, V, Pieragalli, D, Setacci, C, Setacci, F, Sirignano, P, Bordoni, M, Casadei, V, Cugnasca, M, A De Troia, Geremia, L, Guffanti, P, G Lo Guercio, V Maniaci, M, Mauri, Morbidelli, A, Aletta, A, Costanzo, E, D'Arrigo, G, F Di Stefano, Lomeo, A, Maugeri, S, C Monea, M, Scardavilli, G, Scolaro, A, Aloisi, P, Ciccozzi, A, Manno, M, Marrelli, A, Martinazzo, C, Mastromarino, A, Petrassi, C, Piroli, A, Spartera, C, Ventura, M, Alessandrini, F, Carissimi, C, M Centritto, E, Cinelli, G, C De Filippo, Liberatoscioli, G, Modugno, P, Rossi, M, T Attanzio, M, Bajardi, G, Bellisi, M, Machi, P, Salemi, S, Savettieri, G, A Crea, M, V di Lazzaro, Ferrante, A, Guarneri, S, Manni, R, Snider, F, Stefanuto, C, Berardi, G, Bianchi, A, Comis, M, Cumbo, P, Fadde, M, Ferrero, E, Ferri, M, Filardo, A, Gaggiano, A, Ganzaroli, M, Labate, C, Maggio, D, Mennuti, G, Minicucci, S, Musso, A, Nessi, F, Pasquino, M, Perretta, L, Piazza, S, Verdecchia, C, Viazzo, A, Antico, A, Battan, E, Ciarlo, M, Giardini, G, G Luca Iob, Marinello, C, Piccolo, D, Bove, R, Castrucci, T, Lorido, A, Sammarco, S, Bruzzone, B, Cannata, D, Colotto, P, Finocchi, C, Giudici, N, Mambrini, S, Mazzei, R, Palombo, D, Pellegrino, A, Rousas, N, Viacava, A, Ermirio, D, Faga, D, Simoni, G, Benedetti-Valentini, F, Gabrielli, R, Garofano, R, Gossetti, B, Guerricchio, R, Irace, L, Lenzi, G, Gedins, M, Kisis, K, Krievins, D, Krustina, I, Lietuvietis, E, Malina, M, Morlata, N, Rits, J, Thor, S, Ivanova, P, Kikule, I, Liepa, V, Ligers, A, Stengrevica, N, Vnukova, N, Zvirgzdins, V, P J A, M Brouwers, H Geelkerken, R, Stam, A, M A, M Simon, T den Hoed, P, Oltmans, M, Rettig, H, F Veen, H, Zuidgeest, D, Feldo, M, Kesik, J, Kobusiewicz, W, Łatkiewicz, D, Myślinski, W, Przywara, S, Terlecki, P, Wroński, J, Zubilewicz, T, Alfonso, G, Azevedo, E, R de Albuquerque, Mansilha, A, Al-Salman, M, K Aldaif, A, A Alnasr, T, A El Dawlatly, A, Elkayali, A, M Rabee, H, Chudikova, E, Chudá, I, Dulka, T, Goldenberg, Z, Lofaj, P, Pavlikova, M, Pisar, M, Sefranek, V, Slysko, R, Tomka, J, Tóthová, Z, Zita, Z, A Cairols, M, Iborra, E, Mercadal, M, Rubio, F, Canovas, D, Cobo, L, Gimenez-Gaibar, A, Gonzalez, E, Gonzalo, B, Guilera, N, Hospedales, J, J Laso, M, Perez, J, Solanich, T, Hensater, M, Karlström, L, Kjällman, L, Rosengren, L, C-A, Ewaldsson, Gillgren, P, T-B, Käll, Konrad, P, Lindkvist, M, Nilsson, L, Takolander, R, E von Zweigbergk, Cinar, B, Coruh, T, Kurc, E, Ozsoy, D, Sargin, M, Tutkavul, K, Yekeler, I, Aksoy, M, Aksoy, S, Kurtoglu, M, Arar, C, Canbaz, S, Celik, Y, Ege, T, Ketenc, S, Sunar, H, Unal, S, Asik, I, Bengisun, U, Koksoy, C, Yucemen, N, C Berridge, D, Caldicott, L, Cooper, J, Cross, M, Ford, H, Fuller, R, Gamlin, F, Homer-Vanniasinkum, S, Howell, S, Kent, P, Lumb, A, A I, D Mavor, D J, A Scott, Shah, M, Wanklyn, P, S Budd, J, Mcateer, P, Shaw, L, Dewar, R, H Lewis, M, Potter, C, Richards, H, Roberts, R, Townsend, E, Wagle, A, Woodford, P, Hall, G, Holdsworth, R, Macleod, M, Michels, L, P A, G Sandercock, Sudlow, C, Woods, A, S Abraham, J, Bukhari, M, Bush, A, Calvey, J, Chadwick, I, Krishnaprasad, K, Oldham, T, Tomlinson, M, Vickers, A, Wilson, D, Wilson, P, Greystone, S, C Grocott, E, Hayes, W, Haynes, S, Jenkins, C, Jenkins, D, Moore, W, Nyamekye, I, Overstall, P, Riseboro, S, Williams, H, Boyle, J, Duane, D, Gaunt, M, J Kirkpatrick, P, Martin, P, E Risdall, J, Scurrah, N, L Turner, C, Varty, K, T Ferguson, I, Horsfall, S, C Mitchell, D, Robinson, S, Frankel, J, E Morris, G, Phillips, M, Sansome, A, J Sparkes, D, Williams, J, Ashton, W, Baker, S, Clark, M, G Darke, S, Dunnill, R, Hargreaves, M, Jenkinson, D, Thomson, C, White, N, D Wijesinghe, L, Bapat, P, A Barrett, J, D Blair, S, Chandrasekar, R, Lawrence, G, Lowe, D, Sangster, G, Smith, M, M Van Miert, K Das, S, Malik, O, Nel, M, Rakowicz, W, Aukett, M, Carmichael, M, Colchester, A, R Taylor, P, Wood, C, Ageed, A, J Boom, S, Ghosh, S, Godfrey, J, Hewitt-Gray, J, Mcdiarmid, I, Yousif, S, Ziarkowski, A, Al-Din, A, Carpenter, M, Ch'Ng, K, J Curley, P, Davey, R, Henderson, B, F Hossain, J, D Irvine, C, Loizou, L, Main, A, Stanners, A, Muldoon, T, V Soong, C, Wiggam, I, P Armon, M, Burrows, M, Holmes, L, K Metcalf, A, Nunn, D, Abdul-Hamid, A, Akomalafe, B, Bryce, J, Chetter, I, Samaan, A, Briley, D, Collin, J, Darby, C, Dobson, M, Foex, P, Grange, C, Handa, A, Hands, L, E Higham, H, J M, T Perkins, Sear, J, Stoneham, M, Hamilton, G, Judge, C, Morris-Vincent, P, Pegg, M, A Wilson, L, I Aldoori, M, B E, A Dafalla, Kumar, N, I F, C Hay, Jefferson, P, Muir, I, Peel, W, Rutherford, J, Sathianathan, J, Wight, S, Williams, D, Wrathall, W, Bachoo, P, Brittenden, J, Counsell, C, Patey, R, Read, J, L de Cossart, K Dimitri, S, Edwards, P, Fergusson, N, Jameson, P, Somauroo, J, Taylor, V, D Aravindan, P, Brocklehurst, I, Mirza, S, N Namushi, R, O Oshodi, T, Ruff, D, A Solomon, S, Vassallo, J, Egbe, M, Halstead, G, Onwudike, M, Putland, A, Roberts, N, A Salaman, R, Watson, D, Caine, S, Day, J, Lamont, P, J Murphy, P, Smith, F, Beacham, K, J Dorman, P, Lambert, D, Rodgers, H, Collas, D, Sarin, S, Shah, J, S Baht, H, Banks, J, Cowie, L, Gunathilagan, G, Hargroves, D, Insall, R, G Smithard, D, K Chadha, D, R Pillay, W, Rashid, J, Sayles, J, Hill, S, Lawton, G, M Lloyd, C, Marsh, A, Clarke, G, J Lonsdale, R, Venables, G, Cross, R, Lord, B, Mcilmoyle, J, Y Osman, H, Robinson, J, Chant, H, Mate, A, Sim, D, Upton, P, Thomas, D, H Wolfe, J, Mccollum, C, O'Neill, P, Bernatsky, V, Bondar, L, Karpenko, A, Mamonova, M, Muz, N, and Yavorsky, V

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid endarterectomy, general anesthesia, local anesthesia, carotid surgery, Anesthesia, General, law.invention, Postoperative Complications, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, General anaesthesia, general anaesthesia, Stroke, Aged, Endarterectomy, Endarterectomy, Carotid, local anaesthesia, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, General Medicine, Perioperative, Vascular surgery, medicine.disease, Surgery, Anesthesia, Female, business, Anesthesia, Local
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The effect of carotid endarterectomy in lowering the risk of stroke ipsilateral to severe atherosclerotic carotid-artery stenosis is offset by complications during or soon after surgery. We compared surgery under general anaesthesia with that under local anaesthesia because prediction and avoidance of perioperative strokes might be easier under local anaesthesia than under general anaesthesia. METHODS: We undertook a parallel group, multicentre, randomised controlled trial of 3526 patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid stenosis from 95 centres in 24 countries. Participants were randomly assigned to surgery under general (n=1753) or local (n=1773) anaesthesia between June, 1999 and October, 2007. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with stroke (including retinal infarction), myocardial infarction, or death between randomisation and 30 days after surgery. Analysis was by intention to treat. The trial is registered with Current Control Trials number ISRCTN00525237. FINDINGS: A primary outcome occurred in 84 (4.8%) patients assigned to surgery under general anaesthesia and 80 (4.5%) of those assigned to surgery under local anaesthesia; three events per 1000 treated were prevented with local anaesthesia (95% CI -11 to 17; risk ratio [RR] 0.94 [95% CI 0.70 to 1.27]). The two groups did not significantly differ for quality of life, length of hospital stay, or the primary outcome in the prespecified subgroups of age, contralateral carotid occlusion, and baseline surgical risk. INTERPRETATION: We have not shown a definite difference in outcomes between general and local anaesthesia for carotid surgery. The anaesthetist and surgeon, in consultation with the patient, should decide which anaesthetic technique to use on an individual basis. FUNDING: The Health Foundation (UK) and European Society of Vascular Surgery.

Published
2008

43. Severity of asymptomatic carotid stenosis and risk of ipsilateral hemispheric ischaemic events: results from the ACSRS study

Author

Adovasio, R, Ziani, B, Alò, Fp, Cicilioni, Cg, Ambrosio, G, Andreev, A, Andreozzi, Gm, Verlato, F, Camporese, G, Arosio, E, Barkauskas, E, Barros D'Sa AA, Brannigan, P, Batchvarova, V, Dramov, A, Belardi, P, Novelli, Gp, Simoni, G, Bell, P, Biasi, Gm, Mingazzini, P, Bornstein, Nm, Bouchier Hayes, D, Fitzgerald, P, Cairols, Ma, Cao, Pg, Derango, P, Carboni, Gp, Geoffredo, C, Catalono, M, Chambers, B, Goetzmann, M, Dickinson, A, Clement, D, Bobelyn, M, Coccheri, S, Conti, E, Diamantopoulos, E, Andreadis, Ea, Middleton, L, Pantziaris, M, Tyllis, T, Minar, E, Willfort, A, Moggi, L, Nenci, G, Radicchia, S, Nicolaides, A, Kakkos, S, Thomas, D, Norgren, L, Ribbe, E, Novo, S, Tantillo, R, Olinic, D, Paaske, W, Pagnan, A, Pauletto, P, Pagliara, V, Pettina, G, Pratesi, C, Matticari, S, Polivka, J, Sevcik, P, Poredos, P, Blinc, A, Videcnik, V, Pujia, A, Raso, A, Rispoli, Pietro, Conforti, M, Robinson, T, Dennis, Ms, Rosfos, S, Rudofsky, G, Schroeder, T, Gronholdt, Ml, Finocchi, C, Rodriguez, G, Dimakakos, Pb, Kotsis, T, Eikelboom, B, Entz, L, Ferrari, Bardile, Aloi, T, Salerno, M, Fernandes J, Fernandes e., Pedro, L, Fitzgerald, De, O'Shaunnersy, A, Fletcher, F, Forconi, S, Cappeli, R, Bicchi, M, Arrigucci, S, Gallai, V, Cardaiolli, G, Geroulakos, G, Gomez Isaza LF, Gorgoyannis, G, Liasis, N, Graf, M, Guarini, P, Hardy, S, Harris, P, Aston, S, Iosa, G, Katsamouris, A, Giannoukas, A, Krzanowski, M, Ladurner, G, Leal Monedero, J, Lee, Bb, Liapis, C, Galanis, P, Liboni, W, Pavanelli, E, Mannarino, E, Vaudo, G, Mccollum, P, Levison, R, Micieli, G, Bosone, D, Barnett, Hj, Bernstein, Ef, Jones, Am, Moore, W, Myers, K, Strandness, De, Toole, J, Tsapogas, M, van Gijn, J, Spartera, C, Ventura, M, Scarpelli, P, Sprynger, M, Sadzot, B, Hottermans, C, Moonen, Taylor, Pr, Tovar Pardo, A, Negreira, J, Vayssairat, M, Faintuch, Jm, Valaikiené, J, Walker, Mg, and Wilkinson, A. R.

Published
2005

45. Na/K ATPase in migraine with aura

Author

Balestrino, Maurizio, Scarrone, S., Podest, M., Gasparetto, B., Frassoni, F., Finocchi, C., Gandolfo, Carlo, and AND CUPELLO, A.

Published
2004

46. The Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Risk of Stroke (ACSRS) study. Aims and result of quality control

Author

Nicolaides, A. a. b. c., Sabetai, M. a., Kakkos, S. K. a., Dhanjil, S. a., Tegos, T. a., Stevens, J. M. d., Thomas, D. J. e., Francis, S. a., Griffin, M. a., Geroulakos, G. a. b., Ioannidou, E. c., Kyriacou, E. c. f., Paaske, W. g., Pagnan, A. h., Pauletto, P. i., Pagliara, V. i., Pettina, G. j., Pratesi, C. k., Matticari, S. k., Polivka, J. l., Sevcik, P. l., Poredos, P. m., Blinc, A. m., Videcnik, V. m., Pujia, A. n., Raso, A. o., Rispoli, Pietro, Conforti, M. o., Robinson, T. p., Dennis, M. S. J. p., Rosfors, S. q., Carlström, C. q., Rudofsky, G. r., Schroeder, T. s., Gronholdt, M. L. s., Simoni, G. t., Finocchi, C. t., Rodriguez, G. t., Spartera, C. u., Ventura, M. u., Scarpelli, P. u., Sprynger, M. v., Sadzot, B. v., Hottermans, C. v., Moonen, G. v., Taylor, P. R. w., Tovar, Pardo, A. x., Negreira, J. x., Vayssairat, M. y., Valaikiené, J. z., Walker, M. G., Aa, Wilkinson, and A. R., Ab

Subjects
Europe, Quality Control, Stroke, Clinical Protocols, Risk Factors, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color, Carotid Artery, Internal
Abstract

The results of the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS) study have provided the first scientific evidence that in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis greater than 60% carotid endarterectomy reduces the risk of stroke from 2% to 1% per year. The implications are that approximately 20 operations need to be performed in order to prevent 1 stroke in 5 years. The aims of the Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis and Risk of Stroke (ACSRS) study are to identify a subgroup or subgroups at a risk for stroke higher than 4% and a group at a risk for stroke less than 1% per year using systemic and local risk factors (plaque characterization) in addition to the degree of stenosis. The aim of this paper is to present the protocol and the results of the quality control.The ACSRS is a multicentre natural history study of patients with asymptomatic internal carotid diameter stenosis greater than 50% in relation to the bulb. The degree of stenosis is graded using multiple established ultrasonic duplex criteria. In addition, ultrasonic plaque characterization is performed and clinical risk factors and medications are recorded. Training is provided centrally. All carotid ultrasound examinations are recorded on video-tape which together with CT-brain scans and ECG are analysed at the coordinating centre with feedback information to partner centres.The video recordings and analysis of data centrally with feed back information have provided quality control with a significant improvement not only in the completion of data forms but also in the grading of internal carotid stenosis and plaque recordings using ultrasound.The high level of quality of data collected will add credibility to the results of the ACSRS study and may eventually promote the development of international standards of plaque imaging and characterization.

Published
2003

47. La gestione del paziente cefalalgico in 21 Centri Cefalee Italiani

Author

Torelli, P, Bono, G, Buzzi, M. G., Carolei, Antonio, Cerbo, R, DI MONDA, V, Ferrarini, G, Finocchi, C, Frediani, F, Ganga, A, Lisotto, C, Manzoni, G. C., Brindani, F, Martucci, N, Montagna, P, Pierangeli, G, Nappi, G, Pierelli, F, Narbone, M. C., DI PERRI, R, Perini, F, Pinessi, L, Savi, L, Relja, G, Sandrini, G, Sances, G, Signorino, M, Sternieri, E, Ferrari, A, and Zanchin, G.

Published
2002

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