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Executive summaryResource efficiency, investments and focus on added value• Since launch of the first Finnish Bioeconomy strategy in 2014 the economic output of the bioeconomy has increased particularly in the forest and constructionsectors resulting from larger production volumes. In the future, however, moreemphasis should be put on value-adding investments and production.• Initially, the economic output and social welfare created by bioeconomy were emphasized. Today, also the concern about the changing climate and loss of biodiversity challenge bioeconomy, its raw material sourcing and product life cycles.• Biomass is an abundant yet constrained resource. Investing in new, resourceefficient processes holds significant potential in increasing both the overall production and the value of the existing resource use.Insights and snapshots of future products• A larger share of the forest based value chain could be in Finland when customertailored solutions are designed and produced prior to transportation. Packagingsolutions, textiles, wood construction and lignin based value added productscould be emphasised as examples.• Realising the unutilised potential in conventional agriculture to increase production efficiency and at the same time radically cut down the environmental impactand maintain safety brings significant competitive advantage. The potential canbe fully capitalised through the more efficient use of data and advanced digitalsystems in production planning and monitoring.• Emerging food production technologies such as vertical farming, aquaculturebased on water circulation, and cellular agriculture are rapidly developing. In thefuture, they can offer alternative solutions for food production when harnessedbased on solar and other renewable energy production.• Versatility in the energy system is key to increasing resilience in the energy transition currently taking place. The constrained biomass resources available for theenergy sector should be directed to the most valuable uses from the systemicperspective with special focus to industrial uses, and other hard to decarbonisesectors such as long-haul transport including marine and aviation transportation.Also the efficiency of existing biomass-based energy generation can be improvedsignificantly by reducing losses throughout the supply chain.Future services and knowhow• Nature based services are essential part of bioeconomy and offer increasingsources of health and welfare also for urban populations. Nature experiences andnew types of services (soft adventure, packaged products, guidance, products forurban users etc.) form basis for growing tourism and business.• Technology industries offering technology, services and machinery for the bioeconomy is a vital and increasing part of the Finnish bioeconomy and its export.Long traditions and investments in high level education and innovation cultureform foundation for successfully renewing technology ecosystems.

The rates of dehardening and rehardening in response to rapid temperature changes in winter are important traits that affect the survival, growth and productivity of the European pear (Pyrus communis [L.]) cultivars in northern countries. The frost hardiness (FH) of shoots of three pear cultivars were studied by a series of freezing tests, after sampling in natural conditions, after dehardening in a growth chamber at 5 degrees C for 3-4 days (D1) and 16 days (D2), and then after rehardening at -7 degrees C for 5-7 days (R1 and R2). The FH was assessed by a differential thermal analysis (DTA) to measure the low temperature exotherm (LTE) of shoots, by relative electrolyte leakage (REL) of shoots and by visual damage scoring (VD) of shoots and buds. According to the DTA, the FH of the cultivars varied between -38 degrees C ('Conference' in D2) and -41 degrees C ('Pepi' in R2). The shoots of the cultivar 'Pepi' and 'Conference' had the highest and the lowest FH, respectively, in all conditions and methods. All the cultivars had the lowest shoot FH after dehardening in either D1 (between -26 degrees C and -30 degrees C by REL and between -28 degrees C and -30 degrees C by VD) or D2 (between -38 degrees C and -40 degrees C by DTA), and the highest FH after rehardening (R1) preceded by D1 (between -30 degrees C and -34 degrees C by REL, and between -29 degrees C and -32 degrees C by VD). After the dehardening in D1, the buds did not reharden but continued to deharden (the average FH by VD - 24.5 degrees C). In the forcing conditions, bud growth was resumed most rapidly in 'Conference', indicating a shallower dormancy in this cultivar than in 'Pepi' or 'Clara Frijs'. We conclude that the pear cultivars responded to temperature changes in mid-winter, but less than expected, and the responses were similar in all cultivars.

Luonnonvarakeskus (LUKE) on kehittänyt Pythium-testin, jolla kasteluvedessä tai kasvualustassa piilotteleva sieni iskeytyy taimettuvaan kurkkuun voimakkaan stimulantin siivittämänä. Viljelijä tarvitsee testiin tekemiseen vakuumipussiin pakatun testimateriaalin, avomaakurkun siemeniä ja kuusi ruukkua. Testitulos on valmis alustavasti jo 3 päivän kuluttua taimettumisesta.