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This study investigated the individuals' perspectives towards participating in retirement planning in the mining industry in South Africa. The study employed a quantitative research approach. The study sampled 172 mineworkers from the selected mining company. A self-administered questionnaire was tested for validity and reliability and was used to collect primary data from the respondents. This study employed the logistic regression model and performed the Hosmer–Lemeshow test to evaluate the fit of the logistic regression and the Chi-square to determine the significance of the results. In this study, the data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that some participants are satisfied with their involvement in the retirement funds and are contributing to the retirement funds provided by the company. Furthermore, this study found that the majority of the respondents will be financially independent after retirement; however, there is still a firm belief of uncertainty about not being financially independent. The study found a significant and positive relationship between age and participation in retirement planning. Furthermore, a positive and significant link was found between marital status and participation in retirement planning as well as between employment status and participation in retirement planning. The study was limited to the selected company based in Gauteng. The practical implication of this paper informs the companies, policymakers, and government to prioritise awareness of retirement planning based on demographical factors such as age, marital status, and employment status to prepare mineworkers for retirement. The findings are expected to persuade the mining sector to pay special attention to the awareness and understanding of retirement planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Research in Finance & Accounting is the property of Journal of Research in Finance & Accounting and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opole Studies in Administration & Law (OSAO) / Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne (OSAP) is the property of University of Opole / Uniwersytet Opolski and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the role of transnational sexualities—referring to how sexual identities and relationships are influenced by cross‐border movements and contexts—in shaping LGBTQ+ single living arrangements. By analyzing interdisciplinary literature, personal narratives, and empirical research, it examines how cultural, legal, and social dynamics influence singlehood across borders. Key factors include the impact of legal and socio‐cultural disparities, migration‐related instability, discrimination, and the pursuit of privacy and autonomy. The study also highlights the roles of financial independence and digital networks in facilitating single living. By exploring the connections between transnational sexualities, identity, and singlehood, this research provides fresh insights into LGBTQ+ living arrangements within a globally mobile and culturally diverse context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaining financial independence is a prominent marker of adulthood. This study explored the experiences of a group of South African students (MAge = 22.24), with a specific focus on how the psychological tasks of emerging adulthood are embedded in the socio-economic context. Through the thematic analysis of 26 interviews, participants' hopes, fears, and well-being (while managing student life shaped by an economically contentious situation) were unpacked. Considering the academic, personal, and social threats in their quests for independence, participants appreciated the support from parents, the university, and funders. Despite financial obstacles, they portrayed a strong personal commitment and resilience to excel academically, be financially liberated, and break the cycle of poverty. Hardship inspired dreams to secure a better future, a 'soft life', for themselves and others. Findings are discussed in juxtaposition with the responsibility of institutions to ensure a just society where emerging adults can flourish into financially stable adulthoods and futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Islamic jurisprudence, domestic labor performed by women is not considered obligatory; therefore, the law grants them the right to demand compensation for their services.However, traditional culture disregards the rights of women; thus, the present study seeks to elucidate the impact and correlation between policy formulation to enforce the decree regarding the remuneration of female housewives, the enhancement of family strength, and the resolution of practical challenges pertaining to women's rights. The research employs a descriptive approach and utilizes documentary study methodology. Its findings suggest that the inadequate remuneration and status of women housewives in traditional society contribute significantly to various challenges, including discouragement from participating in economic endeavors beyond the household and a decline in the fertility rate. However, these issues can be mitigated through the judicious implementation of the policy derived from the right to demand wages that the Islamic legislator has incorporated. The housewife is a preventative measure that grants women financial security and independence, while also encouraging them to devote more time to their families and childrearing. Consequently, in light of population growth and the family-oriented development model, it is critical to contemplate the suitable framework and cultural basis for the complete adoption of the adage “housewife wage.”

In Islamic jurisprudence, domestic labor performed by women is not considered obligatory; therefore, the law grants them the right to demand compensation for their services. However, traditional culture disregards the rights of women; thus, the present study seeks to elucidate the impact and correlation between policy formulation to enforce the decree regarding the remuneration of female housewives, the enhancement of family strength, and the resolution of practical challenges pertaining to women's rights. The research employs a descriptive approach and utilizes documentary study methodology. Its findings suggest that the inadequate remuneration and status of women housewives in traditional society contribute significantly to various challenges, including discouragement from participating in economic endeavors beyond the household and a decline in the fertility rate. However, these issues can be mitigated through the judicious implementation of the policy derived from the right to demand wages that the Islamic legislator has incorporated. The housewife is a preventative measure that grants women financial security and independence, while also encouraging them to devote more time to their families and childrearing. Consequently, in light of population growth and the family-oriented development model, it is critical to contemplate the suitable framework and cultural basis for the complete adoption of the adage "housewife wage." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although researchers have segmented the customer markets of many products and services, they seem to neglect to categorize that of older people's homes. In addition, they overlook a comparison of the intentions and affecting factors of the volitional customers and the nonvolitional customers' decision-makers. This study filled these gaps by qualitatively segmenting the older people's home customers market in Vietnam. The database was user-generated content, and the analysis method was inductive. The study identified six segments of potential and nonpotential customers: those who wanted or did not want to go to or send their parents to older people's homes and those who were flexible or fluctuating. The volitional customers and the decision-makers of the nonvolitional customers shared similar characteristics, such as financial and emotional independence or dependence and social norm resistance or conformation. Other factors, such as information intelligence and health conditions, were faint compared to these characteristics. Based on these observations, this study discussed some implications for expanding the existence and contribution of older people's homes more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the critical factors of climate-inclusive financing for durable solutions for forcibly displaced persons (DSFS) in Baidoa, Somalia, focusing on the interplay between financial autonomy, governance, and spatial dynamics. Utilizing multiple regression analysis, the research integrates various predictors into a cohesive model, based on survey data from 66 experts in city governance, financial autonomy, and spatial factors. The study finds that limited financial independence (FICA) hinders DSFS success, while proactive city-level interventions positively influence outcomes. Interaction effects show that FICA combined with other factors can enhance intervention success. The spatial distribution of forcibly displaced persons (FDPs) negatively impacts policy implementation. Enhancing city authorities’ financial autonomy could improve DSFS success. Policymakers should target strategic interventions that address FDP needs, consider urban spatial challenges, and incorporate climate-inclusive financing models. This study offers novel insights into the roles of financial autonomy and spatial dynamics in DSFS, contributing to urban planning and governance in fragile contexts. The research adds to the literature on urban displacement, governance, and climate finance, highlighting the key factors influencing DSFS.

Women's financial independence has become an important issue in recent decades. As women's participation in the workforce increases, they have greater control over their own finances and can make more independent decisions about their lives. This can have significant implications for power dynamics in the household and relationships between women and men. The aim of this research is to analyze the implications of women's financial independence on power negotiations in the household. This study used qualitative research methods. The data collection technique in this research is literature study. The data that has been collected is then analyzed in three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that women's financial independence has complex implications for power negotiations in the household. In some cases, women's financial independence can increase their bargaining power in negotiations with their partners and lead to positive changes in their relationship dynamics. However, in other cases, women's financial independence can cause tension and conflict in the household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Financial independence creates economic independence, however the level of financial independence of women in fishing villages on the North coast of West Java is still low, which causes high numbers of victims of financial crimes which increases the level of poverty. This research wants to examine a model of financial resilience and women's empowerment that creates financial independence. The research method uses quantitative methods, data collection was carried out through surveys of groups of women driving the PKK in 32 fishing villages in 11 sub-districts as well as in-depth observations of the district government apparatus. The data processing method uses SPSS software to obtain the results of t-count and hypothesis testing. The results are the variables that directly affect financial independence are financial literacy and financial resilience have a positive effect while women's empowerment has a negative effect. The results of this study are useful for local governments in preparing policy instruments for women's equality and justice through empowerment that considers all aspects needed to avoid poverty, towards sustainable financial independence. Abstrak Kemandirian keuangan menciptakan kemandirian ekonomi, namun tingkat kemandirian keuangan kaum perempuan desa nelayan yang berada di pantai Utara Jawa Barat masih rendah, yang menyebabkan tingginya korban kejahatan keuangan yang menambah tingkat kemiskinan. Penelitian ini ingin mengkaji pengaruh literasi keuangan, ketahanan keuangan dan pemberdayaan keuangan terhadap kemandirian keuangan. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif, pengumpulan data dilakukan melalu survey kepada kelompok perempuan penggerak PKK pada 32 desa nelayan di 11 Kecamatan serta observasi mendalam terhadap perangkat pemerintahan kabupaten. Metode pengolahan data menggunakan software SPSS untuk memperoleh hasil perhitungan t-hitung dan pengujian hipotesis. Hasilnya bahwa variabel yang mempengaruhi kemandirian keuangan secara langsung adalah literasi keuangan dan ketahanan keuangan berpengaruh positif sedangkan Pemberdayaan perempuan berpengaruh negative. Hasil penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi pemerintah daerah dalam menyiapkan perangkat kebijakan bagi kesetaraan dan keadilan kaum perempuan melalui pemberdayaan yang mempertimbangkan semua aspek yang dibutuhkan agar terhindar dari kemiskinan, menuju kemandirian keuangan yang berkelanjutan.

Bank Indonesia as the central bank in Indonesia has financial independence in which Bank Indonesia has the authority to manage its assets separately from the State Budget. However, in carrying out its roles and duties, Bank Indonesia often faces demands or lawsuits, which result in execution of judgments against assets of Bank Indonesia. This can clearly disrupt the financial stability of Bank Indonesia, affecting Bank Indonesia’s ability to carry out its roles and duties effectively. Currently, there has been an argument put forth to assert Article 50 of the treasure law in an effort to protect for Bank Indonesia’s finances. However, the application of this article as a legal basis for protection of Bank Indonesia’s finances is inappropriate because it is not in accordance with Bank Indonesia’s financial independence, separating from the State Budget. Departing from these problems, based on data collected through document studies in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, this study examines how the policies of financial independence of Bank Indonesia, legal protection of Bank Indonesia’s finance, and ideal arrangements for legal protection of Bank Indonesia’s finances considering the attention to the independence of Bank Indonesia. The conclusion of this research is that there is still disharmony in regulations regarding Bank Indonesia’s financial protection in the State Finances Law and the State Treasury Law which creates legal uncertainty regarding Bank Indonesia’s financial protection.

Copyright of Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan dan Ilmu Sosial (JMPIS) is the property of Dinasti Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The extension of parental financial support into young adulthood has fueled concerns in the U.S. about young people's development of independence and responsibility—financial and otherwise. This study draws on data from the Transition to Adulthood Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to examine young people's self-assessments of these qualities as well as their financial concerns. The findings indicate that receiving financial support from families was negatively associated with young adults' assessments of their independence and how much financial responsibility they have for themselves. It was also associated with more frequent worrying about money. Panel models offered no support for the argument that such associations result from financial assistance undermining these accomplishments, instead indicating that financial assistance is in some cases beneficial. In contrast, earlier assessments of these qualities and concerns predicted later receipt of financial support, supporting more of a selection argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring price stability is a dominant function of the central bank. Empirical studies on various statistical samples give conflicting results regarding the influence of central bank independence on the inflation rate. The study offers a methodology for assessing the role of the formation of a national pattern of central bank independence in ensuring price stability. Calculations were made for 53 countries of the world using a combination of cluster analysis tools and panel regression modeling. The cluster analysis carried out at different time intervals of the study allowed defining three patterns of the formation of central bank independence. The changes in the clusters characterizing the peculiarities of the national patterns of central bank independence shows that for a number of countries there is no stable national pattern. Modeling based on panel data showed that when forming a country pattern “Limited level of central bank independence”, an increase in the level of independence of the central bank by one unit on average leads to an increase in the inflation rate by 7.09%. On the other hand, in the countries with the national patterns of central bank independence “Dominance of the institutional and financial component of ensuring the independence of the central bank” and “Dominance of the personal and functional component of ensuring the independence of the central bank”, the expected consequence of increasing the level of independence of the central bank by one unit is to reduce the inflation rate by an average of 3.32% and 6.03%, respectively.

The purpose of the study is to examine the model of women's empowerment in creating financial independence. The research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach, data collection is carried out through in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, namely women's mobilization shops in fishing villages in 11 sub-districts and 32 villages in Indramayu, Manpower Office, Fisheries and Marine Service, Social Service, Environment Office. Data analysis using the help of Nvivo 12 Plus software for visualization and mapping data conclusions. The result of this study is the strategy of empowering women in creating financial independence, showing that the empowerment of women in fishing villages in North Coast, West Java uses a partnership strategy. The research result that awareness and socialization were carried out by village cadres who had been trained by several agencies. The government agencies that appointed to carried out several empowerments program for women's groups, namely by the Manpower Agency, Fisheries and Marine Agency, Social Service Agency, Environmental Affairs Agency with utilizing the potential of local resources. Strategies to increase the capacity of women empowerment are carried out training and mentoring around financial and business literacy and strengthening social capital, as well as environmental awareness.

The independence of local government is complex and multi-faceted. It should be considered taking into account many aspects, including the financial aspect. It is financial independence, especially its income approach, that plays an important role from the point of view of the current functioning of local government units. The aim of the article is to analyze the level of financial independence and development activities of municipalities in Poland. The data used for the analysis come from the Statistics Poland and Regional chambers of audit databases. The time taken for analysis is 2014-2022. The study used the following methods to assess the degree of financial independence and development activities of municipalities: an analysis of the level of communes' income from individual sources, an analysis of the level of operating surplus in municipalities and an analysis of the level of debt .

This qualitative study explored the perception of financial well-being among 30 professional women belonging to the middle to upper class in India through a series of in-depth one-to-one interviews. The major dimensions of financial well-being revealed from the narratives were financial adequacy, financial security, having control over one's finances, being independent, and having a balance in life. The findings were explained based on psychological theories on human motivation. This study improves the present state of knowledge about the financial well-being of women by providing fresh insights into their perspectives, its key driving factors, and the key issues that are critical to their financial futures. The information can be used to develop effective financial intervention strategies and policies to improve financial well-being that target the specific needs of women in an emerging country context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the study of certain aspects of the formation of local self-government budgets, namely united territorial hromadas. It is summarized that the armed actions of the aggressor led to a deep economic crisis in Ukraine, which affected the financial capacity of the state as a whole and local self-government bodies, in particular. Attention is focused on the fact that with the beginning of a full-scale invasion, the process of approving the budget of local self-government has undergone certain changes: the heads of the respective territorial communities can dispose of the funds of local budgets only in the territory where hostilities are not conducted and the military administration of the settlement (settlements) is not formed. The amendments to the Budget Code of Ukraine related to the payment of personal income tax by military personnel are analyzed. Attention is paid to the content of these innovations, namely, to direct to the state budget revenues from the paid tax on the income of an individual from payersmilitary personnel. It is noted that these changes should contribute to a more efficient distribution of financial resources, in particular, to influence the state’s ability to purchase drones and weapons to ensure the country’s defense capability. Particular attention was paid to the issues of formation of local budgets, their distribution and use. It is emphasized that the process of decentralization of power, proposed by the government to meet the financial needs of hromadas, is based on local budgets, which will ensure financial independence and personalize responsibility for the consequences of ineffective management of local finances. It is emphasized that the successor of the property and duties of territorial communities are the communities themselves, but according to the innovations, the remaining funds received from the community budget over the past year will be directed to activities related to Russia’s armed aggression against Ukraine. The article focuses on the importance of ensuring transparency in spending budget funds and the right of communities to establish their own mandatory procedures for ensuring publicity in managing local finances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine the influence of financial independence, budget solvency, service solvency, population, and GRDP on local government financial sustainability. The results of this research are important to provide input for local governments in arranging appropriate policies to encourage financial sustainability. This research was conducted on 23 regional governments in Aceh by using the panel data regression analysis method with the assistance of the Eviews 12 version. The data was taken from the audited financial reports of regional governments in the 2017-2021 period. This research employed income surpluses in operational reports to measure regional government financial sustainability. The research results show that financial independence has no effect on financial sustainability, but budget solvency and service solvency have a significant positive effect. In contrast, population and GRDP have a negative effect on financial sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractIn Indonesia, fiscal decentralisation has been implemented for two decades, and it is expected that the regions will have a sufficient level of independence to increase economic growth and welfare. This study investigates the influence of fiscal decentralisation and human development on regional economic growth. The sample data comprised 484 county-level in Indonesia and utilised the panel data method. The findings showed that the central government grant, locally generated revenue, and human capital development positively influenced regional economic growth, although the degree of decentralisation negatively affected regional growth. Meanwhile, for regions with independence above 50 per cent, decentralisation, locally generated revenue, central government transfer and provincial loans and human capital development positively influenced regional economic growth. In addition, findings also indicated that a dynamic effect exists, implying that the performance of previous regional economic growth influenced current economic achievements. The policy implication of the study is that policymakers cannot equalise policy to boost regional economic growth because every county has its specific characteristics.

Large-scale funding of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) by states and corporations (external funding) can impact their functioning and diminish their civic character. It is therefore of importance to understand whether and how NGOs can become financially independent of external funding. In Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), many NGOs were kickstarted by large sums from foreign state and corporate sponsors with the hopes of creating an independent civil society reliant on domestic sources: a 'vibrant civil society'. However, did these NGOs become financially independent? This article examines a sample of 14 NGOs in Slovakia financed by the Trust for Civil Society in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE Trust), an organisation started by six private American foundations. Their funding is compared year by year, and it is found that between 2000 and 2020, foreign funding decreased from 97.2% to 55.2%, and corporate funding dropped from 92.1% to 31.2%. However, public sector funding increased from 1.2% to 35.6%. Civic funding remained low over the entire period, rising from 0.1% to 8.6%. Thus, external corporate funding was largely replaced by another type of external funding (public funding), and the role of one major foreign donor (the Trust) was largely replaced by another major foreign donor (European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) funds). The results suggest that it is difficult for NGOs kickstarted by external funding to achieve financial independence, at least on a timescale of 20 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frugalism is a way of life in which individuals aim for financial independence, thus allowing for early retirement. The phenomenon has hardly been researched so far and has only been made known through mass media reporting. Under the heading "Frugalism - Retirement at 40?!", numerous (blog) articles link frugalism and its search for independence from income earned by way of gainful employment to the motive of 'escape' from labour. However, as this paper will show, reports about this phenomenon up to date largely ignore that frugalism much rather entails a pronounced desire for the self-organisation of labour, meaning that generally a frugalist's goal is not to 'flee' from work, but to determine working conditions within his or her own responsibility -- i.e., independently of external influences such as financial constraints and/or corporate hierarchies. In this 'new normal', frugalists are drastically shaking up the classic understanding of labour as an indispensable means of securing one's livelihood. Based on findings from an explorative study consisting of qualitative interviews with frugalists, this paper gives insights into 'frugalistic' work orientations and practices and will, thus, outline the meaning that frugalists attribute to work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Structural changes in the world economy and trade and its financialization contributed to the growth of instability and necessitated the building a new structure for the world monetary and financial system. Theoretical analysis. The evolution of the global monetary and financial system, when the function of world money shifted from gold to fiduciaries and SDR, resulted in the formation of a two-level structure. The top level consists of countries with reserve currencies and, thanks to this, such countries have the privilege of forming long and cheap liabilities by creating public and corporate debt, financing the balance of payments deficit through monetary issuance. The rest of the countries that do not have significant sources of long-term investments belong to the lower level, since they are obliged to maintain the compliance of their national monetary base with the volume of international reserves. The development of the global monetary and financial system within the framework of such structure was supported by an increase in the volume of financial transactions and the appearance of derivatives, the purpose of which was not only hedging, but also speculation. Empirical analysis. It was found out that, while the chronic deficit of the trade and balance of payments and growing volume of public debt were not a problem for the United States for the last 20 years, a sharp increase of Federal Reserve System rates in 2022, that resulted in increased nominal yield of the treasuries, significantly increased the cost of debt servicing. The decrease in the degree of confidence in the dollar pushes central banks to diversify international reserves, as a result the share of gold in the structure of these reserves has begun to increase. Those countries that do not have reserve currencies are now more interested in CBDCs. Results. The increasing importance of tangible assets against the background of political and financial instability in the world, as well as the need to use modern digital forms of money, open up the possibility for the ruble to become one of the world’s reserve currencies in the new structure of the multipolar world monetary and financial system.

The planning of the development of socio-economic systems has always been at the epicenter of attention of scientific representatives, and its conceptual basis was founded in the works of R. Braley, S. Myers, R. Ackoff, M. Powcock, A. Taylor. Separate methodological, organizational and methodological aspects of the financial security of enterprises are studied by foreign scientists, such as J. Siegel, R. Curtis, F. Li Cheng, J. Finnerty, Jai K. Shim, Ukrainian scientists, the main ones are: A. G. Belaya, O. V. Arefieva, I. T. Balabanov, I. A. Blank, Yu. M. Vorobyov, T. A. Kirsanova, V. M. Grineva, V. V. Kovalev, L. A. Ligonenko, G. A. Kramarenko, E. S. Stoyanova, L. A. Shvaiko, O. E. Chernaya, V. M. Sheludko and others. In conditions of financial instability of the national economy, the volatility of transformation processes, the emergence of financial and economic imbalances and uncertainty begins. Consequently, the efficiency of the functioning of the financial system, both at the macro and micro levels, is unsatisfactory and in modern conditions is characterized by numerous shortcomings, problems and contradictions. For the effective functioning of enterprises, it is necessary to increase the level of their financial security. Improper attention to the process of managing financial security in an enterprise leads to the emergence and development of crisis phenomena, complicates the process of getting out of them and hinders the process of economic growth of enterprises. In addition, in conditions of a low level of financial security, the financial stability, competitiveness and financial independence of business entities are deteriorating. Therefore, the key to the progressive development of the enterprise and the main prerequisite for its stable operation is the development of an effective system for assessing the level of financial security of the enterprise, the study of the main risks, dangers and threats that can affect the state of its financial security, and subsequently the formation of a strategy for managing the financial security of the enterprise. Therefore, the problem of managing the financial security of a business enterprise remains relevant. The purpose of writing this article is a theoretical substantiation of the main threats to the financial security of enterprises and the advisability of introducing the necessary measures to minimize existing risks and threats. The subject of the study is a set of theoretical and methodological approaches to assessing the level of enterprise security and identifying ways to strengthen it.

The article assesses the local budgets independence using statistiсal methods and includes system dynamics research with a simplified explanatory model of aggregated municipal deposits. Using the method of analytical equalization, the share of local budgets’ own funds was calculated, as they are a source of financial stability and independence. A system dynamics hypothesis and model revealed important feedback mechanisms that play a role in financial autonomy and general financial well-being of municipalities – a higher deficit drives a higher debt that drives a higher deficit back; lower local tax revenues will bring higher transfers in the upcoming year; negative population growth decreases consumption, labor force, and other indicators, etc. The general reason for low financial autonomy lies in high dependency on transfers and income-based taxes, while taxes that are classified as local lay on businesses, which need more support. Some aspects revealed the need for deeper research and addition to the model – municipal borrowing and property markets. The model has been validated and built confidence through various tests, but yet it has serious assumptions, limitations, and aspects outside of the model boundary. Nevertheless the model has a potential for expansion and solving mode issues regarding this system or to be recalibrated for specific reasons and areas. The research can be used by the municipalities in Ukraine and needs to be updated with new data and expanded.

This paper uses financial accounting data of the universe of Italian worker cooperatives, from 2011 to 2018, to examine whether cooperatives were able to achieve employment stabilization in a period of prolonged recession. Since wages have experienced, in most of the period, a negative growth, we further consider whether wages' downward flexibility had been sufficient to sustain employment stabilization and whether, under these circumstances, cooperatives' financial solidity had weakened. Given the non-experimental setting, we proceed by defining a control group of conventional firms to which we compare the group of worker cooperatives. We find evidence that, relative to the control group, during negative demand shocks, worker cooperative contained employment drop and allowed a greater downward wage adjustment. Their profitability and equity ratio also fell by more than in the control group. We find significant-sector heterogeneity, especially in response to positive demand shocks; in Less Knowledge Intensive Services and in Constructions, which together comprise more than 70% of worker cooperatives, it is employment, rather than wages, that rises by more than in conventional firms. This suggests that in the aftermath of a prolonged recession most worker cooperatives chose to favour growth at the expense of members' wage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Statistician / Wiadomości Statystyczne is the property of State Treasury - Statistics Poland and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2019, the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS) dispensed with its old policy of giving students cash vouchers redeemable at selected bookstores and replaced it with the new policy of giving cash to students to buy books. This study surveyed students' perceptions on the availability of prescribed study material under both the new system and the old system. The study used self-determination theory as its theoretical framework. Random sampling was used to select 358 students--mostly undergraduates--from the selected university to participate in a survey. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. A large section of students believed the new system increased access to prescribed books. However, a considerable percentage of participating students believed that the new system was not efficient and effective for student availing books prescribed to them and that this lack of, or poor, access to prescribed books negatively affected their academic performance. The students also reported having considerable doubt about whether NSFAS should return to the old system. The study concluded that both internal and external regulations must be used in ensuring that students access the books prescribed to them. The university was also encouraged to consider open educational resources (OER) as part of the prescribed material, while developing tools that enhanced financial responsibility and self-determination among students that, in turn, facilitated their timely acquisition of the study material prescribed to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study empirically examines the factors that influence the level of disclosure of local government financial statements, with audit opinion as a moderating variable. The ratio of financial independence, capital expenditure, intergovernmental revenue, and legislative size are independent variables in this study. The dependent variable is the degree of disclosure of local government financial statements (LKPD). The population used in this study is the financial statements of local governments in Indonesia that have been audited by BPK RI. The sample on this study consisted of 338 district/city governments on Java Island in 2018–2020 with purposive sampling. The test carried out is Multiple Linear Regression analysis using STATA version 16. Based on the results that have been analyzed, it can be concluded that the ratio of financial independence and intergovernmental revenue has a significant effect on the level of LKPD disclosure. Meanwhile, capital expenditure and legislative size have no significant effect on the level of LKPD disclosure. Audit opinion moderated the ratio of financial independence and legislative size on the level of disclosure of LKPD. Meanwhile, audit opinion does not moderate capital expenditure and intergovernmental revenue on the level of LKPD disclosure. This study provides information on the factors that influence the level of disclosure of LKPD in local governments, both districts/cities. A high level of LKPD disclosure indicates an accountability and transparency carried out by local governments.

China, as a traditional patriarchal society, provides an excellent context to examine whether and how increased financial independence of women may influence intimate partner violence. This study examines how financial independence influences Chinese women's victimization experiences of physical violence, psychological violence, controlling behavior, and sexual abuse. Data were collected from 600 married or divorced women aged between 20 and 60, who resided in a large metropolitan area in Southern China. Results indicated that while physical violence is reduced by women's financial independence, other forms of connective IPV against women are suggested as expressions of men's desire to keep financially independent women in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local government units are an important link in the implementation of public objectives. It is related to meeting the needs of local communities as well as managing property and public funds. The article deals with the financial independence of local government units in the context of the implementation of the tasks of these units. The concept and types of independence of local government units from economic and legal perspectives and their limitations were reviewed. The author poses a question about the impact of the defined limits of financial independence of local government units on the implementation of tasks. The discussed issues are of an interdisciplinary nature. The activities of local government units are strictly regulated by law and should be analyzed from this perspective. At the same time, the concept of independence of local government units includes a reference to the foundations of local economy, which should direct their activities towards activities similar to local entrepreneurship. Summarizing the considerations, the author emphasizes that in the economic and legal system in Poland, there are rules guaranteeing local government units' financial independence, and the designated boundaries provide a stable basis for the implementation of assigned tasks. At the same time, it also emphasizes that the discussed independence is clearly distinguished from the independence of private enterprises.

The relevance of the article stems from the fact that in today’s world, in order to maintain a quality of life, the state must pay increased attention to the economic and social well-being of citizens, and ensure all basic material needs of the individual without conditions or restrictions. One of the instruments of economic and social support for the population is the unconditional basic income. The aim of the study is to develop the concept for applying the unconditional basic income as one of the attractive methods for addressing poverty and eliminating economic and social inequalities in the Russian Federation. The key components of the poverty’s problem and the state’s approach to tackling it were analysed. Approaches to defining the term “unconditional basic income” and the phenomenology behind the term were explored. The key factors of social life, contributing to the practical implementation of unconditional basic income, were determined. A review of the world practices of its implementation is reflected and possibilities of its application in the Russian Federation are considered.

Identifying the characteristics of Indonesian local governments that disclose financial statements looks relevant in order to find out the reasons for local governments in making policies to disclose financial statements. This study aims to examine whether financial condition, financial independence and political competition have an effect on the disclosure of financial statements in local governments, particularly districts/cities in Sumatra, Indonesia. A sample of 151 districts and cities on the Indonesian island of Sumatra were used in this quantitative analysis. The use of cluster sampling due to the implementation of accrual accounting based on the government regulation No. 71 of 2010 is applied in all districts/cities in Sumatra and has the same characteristics. The data analysis technique used in this study is a multiple linear regression with the SPSS test tool. The results reveal that factors influencing the financial statements disclosure is influenced by financial conditions (β = 0.095; p < 0.05), financial independence (β = 0.069; p < 0.05), and political competition (β = 0.038; p < 0.05). Overall, the results show a strong conclusion regarding the factors that affect the financial statements of the Indonesian government. The findings of this investigation can be a useful consideration for local governments in improving the quality of their external communications and improving public governance.

Aim: As survival of infants born prematurely has increased dramatically, questions on long‐term consequences have emerged. Our aim was to investigate long‐term effects of very low birth weight on socioeconomic outcomes. Methods: One hundred and fifty very low birth weight infants (VLBW) born from 1980 to 1982 at Rigshospitalet, Denmark, who had previously been followed up at age 2, 4 and 18 years, were compared to cohorts of low birth weight, normal birth weight (NBW) and a national population‐based reference cohort. From the Danish national registers we obtained data regarding educational level, financial independence and living arrangements. In addition, we used the previously published results from the three cohorts. Results: The VLBW cohort had lower intelligence quotient and higher risk of significant school difficulties evaluated at age 4 and 18 years. When compared to the NBW cohort, at 30–36 years of age the VLBW cohort tended to have lower educational level, OR 1.7, 95% CI 0.8–3.9, were not financially independent OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.6–3.7, lived alone OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–3.8 and had higher rates of the combination of all three outcomes, OR 3.2, 95% CI 0.7–15.8. Conclusions: We found trends towards poor socioeconomic outcomes in young adults born with VLBW. The relative disadvantages appeared smaller than that in childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, fiscal decentralisation has been implemented for two decades, and it is expected that the regions will have a sufficient level of independence to increase economic growth and welfare. This study investigates the influence of fiscal decentralisation and human development on regional economic growth. The sample data comprised 484 county-level in Indonesia and utilised the panel data method. The findings showed that the central government grant, locally generated revenue, and human capital development positively influenced regional economic growth, although the degree of decentralisation negatively affected regional growth. Meanwhile, for regions with independence above 50 per cent, decentralisation, locally generated revenue, central government transfer and provincial loans and human capital development positively influenced regional economic growth. In addition, findings also indicated that a dynamic effect exists, implying that the performance of previous regional economic growth influenced current economic achievements. The policy implication of the study is that policymakers cannot equalise policy to boost regional economic growth because every county has its specific characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Widows in India face immense challenges through enduring abuse, discrimination, and poor financial opportunities. Whilst there are many non-governmental organisations (NGOs) undertaking women’s empowerment programs, there is a paucity of literature reviewing their impact. Project Sampan, located in Uttarakhand, India, started by helping widows form self-help groups and provides financial education and agricultural skills training as well as group and private counselling. This study aims to evaluate the experiences of participants in the Sampan widows’ empowerment program. Methods: This qualitative study involved conducting seventeen semi-structured interviews between February to March of 2021; fifteen with participant widows and two with program facilitators. Widows who were minimum of 18 years of age and had 18 months of involvement were included. Participants were recruited through convenience sampling. Thematic analysis was undertaken to generate common themes relating to the impact of Sampan on the widows, and triangulation of this data was also conducted with observation diaries kept by program facilitators. Results: The evaluation revealed four key themes. Firstly, it was found that the agricultural education Sampan provides changed widows’ daily practices, leading to improved produce as well as corresponding sales and an increased opportunity to partake in community business. This has helped improve widows’ confidence, agency, and independence. Furthermore, the microfinancing component of the Sampan program was consistently found to be a strength of the project, providing widows with financial security. Their improved productivity and contribution to their communities has led to increased recognition by society, helping to mitigate some of the social stigma surrounding widowhood. The Sampan program has also strengthened solidarity among widows through opportunities to socialise together. Conclusions: This evaluation describes the plight of widows in Uttarakhand, who have been historically excluded and financially vulnerable, but are growing in confidence and emancipation though their involvement in Sampan. This study serves to underscore the existing literature about the discrimination Indian widows face and demonstrate the value of self-help groups in empowering widows.

The article deals with the assessment of economic security by a number of factors that reflect the probability of proxy battle. In recent decades, the number of such acquisitions in Ukraine has increased significantly, which seriously reduces the level of economic security of economic entities both at the microeconomic level, and at the level of sectors of the economy, as well as the entire economic system of the country. The purpose of the study was to determine the possible impact on the economic security of the enterprise (which is proposed to be determined by a multifactor indicator of the attractiveness of enterprises for raiders) factors of financial stability, reputation, business model efficiency and attractiveness to potential buyers. The methods used in the study are as follows: generalization, grouping, systematization, and content analysis (to identify factors that could potentially signal the threat of a hostile acquisition); correlation and regression analysis (to determine from the totality of factors that have the greatest impact on economic security), the method of theoretical generalization (to identify the approaches of various scholars and scientific schools to issues of economic security and raiding); comparative (to determine the state of economic security of the enterprises under study in different years). As a result, the authors propose an integral indicator of the economic security of the enterprise, which makes it possible to identify the potential attractiveness of the enterprise for raiders. It consists of the following components: profitability (determines the effectiveness of the business model), autonomy ratio (determines the financial stability), ownership of real estate in the city center (resale), reputation (delays in fulfilling contractual obligations). Content analysis of economic security factors of enterprises was conducted according to the data on the raiding seizures of Ukrainian enterprises of all industries and activities, and the Economic Security Indicator was created on the basis of materials of Ukrainian construction companies. However, the methodological approach proposed in the article can be used to identify threats to the loss of economic security by enterprises of any sector of the economy, subject to the adaptation of the model to industry specifics. The use of the created indicator cannot replace the full-fledged system of monitoring the economic security of the enterprise and identifying threats to further activities, but it can be used as an indicator of express-diagnostics of economic security of the enterprise and making decisions on in-depth study of economic security to identify adverse factors delight.

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