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The research object is PT. Abadi Permai Medan. The research was conducted in the company because there was a decline in the performance of the company's employees. Employee performance is the work of employees to do a job assigned to an employee. Employee performance always gets the main attention because it plays a very big role for the company's progress. Financial compensation is a form of payment of money paid by the company for employee work services in the company. The provision of financial compensation is always a consideration of employees in displaying the work they are capable of achieving. Competence is the ability possessed by employees in carrying out and supporting the work that is their responsibility. The research used several theories of human resource management related to financial compensation, competence and employee performance. The data collection was performed by interviews, questionnaires and documentation studies. The research data were drawn by using a simple random sampling technique with saturated sampling consisting of 76 permanent employees and 30 employees were derived from PT. Forsindo Jaya which were a similar type of company which were used for validity and reliability tests. Partially and simultaneously, the results of the study showed that communication and recruitment had a positive and significant effect on employee performance with a coefficient of determination of 60.5% and the remaining 39.5% can be explained by other variables not investigated in the research leadership, discipline and communications. The partial testing for the financial compensation variable was (2.647> 1.993) and the competency variable was (5.112> 1.993). In addition, the result of the F test (58.326> 3.120). Based on the results, it was concluded that financial compensation and competency had a positive and significant effect on employee performance at PT. Abadi Permai Medan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The compensation system as a part of the company’s concern must be properly regulated, so that it can be accepted by both parties, in this case, the company and employees. This study analyzes the influence of financial and non-financial compensation on the work motivation of factory employees, as well as examine the dominant factors that influence it. The research was conducted at Palm Oil Factory Balai Jaya District, Rokan Hilir Regency. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression tests to see the effect of financial and non-financial compensation on employee motivation. Financial and non-financial compensation both significantly influence work motivation. This is supported by statistical evidence. The positive impact of financial compensation is demonstrated by a t-value (4.666) exceeding the critical t-table value (2.001) at a significance level of 0.000, which is well below the common threshold of 0.05. Similarly, non-financial compensation also demonstrates a positive effect, with a t-value (2.735) exceeding the critical value (2.001) and a significance level of 0.008, again significantly lower than 0.05. Furthermore, financial compensation appears to have a stronger influence on work motivation compared to non-financial compensation. This is evident from the standardized coefficients beta (β): the β value for financial compensation (X1) is 0.506, while the β value for non-financial compensation (X2) is 0.297. The higher absolute value of β indicates a stronger impact on the dependent variable (work motivation). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important incentive and constraint system to coordinate the contradiction between ecological resource protection and regional economic development, the ecological and environmental protection effect after its implementation deserves special attention, especially for China, which involves the widest scope of payment and the largest transfer and has become the largest governmental ecological compensation program in China and even in the world. Starting from the evolution of China's eco-financial transfer system, this study conducts an empirical investigation of the ecological and environmental protection effect of the eco-financial transfer system. Such an undertaking is based on the theoretical exploration of the impact mechanism of the eco-financial transfer system to improve the ecological environment quality and based on the panel data of 40 counties in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2020. Results of the study show that the ecological financial transfer system can promote the improvement of regional ecological environment quality, but the promotion effect is insignificant. The financial funds reflect more of a financial compensation effect than a system incentive effect. The increase in the scale of ecological transfer payments is conducive to strengthening the incentive function of the system, promoting local governments to increase environmental protection expenditures and environmental regulation efforts to improve the quality of the ecological environment. Therefore, in the process of implementing ecological financial transfers from the province to the counties, the concept of ecological value contribution should be incorporated into the fund allocation process. In addition, the current ecological transfer payment fund allocation method should be reconstructed on the basis of the ecological value contribution to enhance the guiding role of "high quality and high price, more work and more gain." The goal is to effectively stimulate the enthusiasm of local governments for ecological environmental protection. Findings have significant guidance for developing countries that are currently seeking to formulate and implement such policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objectives We aim to analyse the effects of government subsidies on residents’ health and healthcare expenditure from the perspectives of supply and demand. Data and methods According to the regional division adopted in the data query system of the National Bureau of Statistics, this study divides 31 provinces and cities into three regions: eastern, central, and western. The data used are from public databases, such as the “China Statistical Yearbook,” “China Health Statistical Yearbook,” and “Government Final Account Report”. In this study, mathematical model derivation is used to construct a fixed effects model, and an empirical study based on cross-sectional data and general linear regression is conducted. To prevent endogeneity issues, this study introduces instrumental variables and uses 2SLS regression to further analyse the output results. Results For every 1% increase in supplementary funding on the supply side, the perinatal mortality rate decreases by 1.765%, while for every 1% increase in financial compensation on the demand side, per capita outpatient expenses increase by 0.225% and per capita hospitalization expenses increase by 0.196%. Regarding medical resources, for every 1% increase in the number of beds per 1,000 people, per capita hospitalization expenses decrease by 0.099%. In the central and eastern regions, where economic levels are higher, supply-side government funding is more effective than demand-side funding. In contrast, demand-side funding is more effective in the western region. Conclusions The roles of multiple influencing factors and significant regional heterogeneity are clarified. Increasing financial compensation to providers positively impacts perinatal mortality but leads to higher per capita outpatient and hospital expenditures. Finally, this study provides targeted policy recommendations and solid theoretical support for policymakers.

Financial overcompensation is considered an effective strategy for responding to service failures, but we currently have a limited understanding of why financial overcompensation effectively repairs consumer trust following e-commerce service failures. This research aims to capture the dynamic implicit processes through which financial overcompensation enhances consumer trust using event-related-potentials (ERPs). As expected, the behavioral results demonstrated that the participants tended to have higher trust ratings for e-commerce sellers who offered financial overcompensation than for sellers who offered equal compensation, suggesting that financial compensation size had an enhancing effect on trust-rebuilding decisions. The ERP results showed greater reward positivity (RewP) and stronger late-positive potential (LPP) responses in the overcompensation condition compared with the equal compensation condition. Together, these findings provide the novel insight that overcompensation is more effective in repairing damaged trust because of the implicit processes it activates in consumers, i.e., unexpected positive outcome processing and subsequently motivational emotional arousal. The findings advance a more nuanced understanding of the psychological processes underlying financial compensation for trust repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most countries tend to confront economic crimes through their own economic laws. The study focused on showing the specificity of the mental element of economic crimes, which has extraordinary rules that are outside the general rules of offences established in the Penal Code. Most economic legislation treats wrongdoing offences as intentional. Here, the weakness of the mental element of economic crimes appears, being presumed. So that the legislator merely finds a mistake to inflict punishment. Derogating from the general rules, where punishment is imposed for acts of wrongdoing in economic crimes. The study also examines civil liability for damages and financial compensation. The mere fact that the offender has achieved the criminal result is punishable regardless of whether the offender's will exists or not. Because of the nature of the error in economic offences, the unintended economic offence is not subject to the provisions of the general provisions of the Penal Code. Economic offences are characterized by the imposition of severe and deterrent penalties. To achieve public and private deterrence and maintain security and the national economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aim to analyse the effects of government subsidies on residents' health and healthcare expenditure from the perspectives of supply and demand. Data and methods: According to the regional division adopted in the data query system of the National Bureau of Statistics, this study divides 31 provinces and cities into three regions: eastern, central, and western. The data used are from public databases, such as the "China Statistical Yearbook," "China Health Statistical Yearbook," and "Government Final Account Report". In this study, mathematical model derivation is used to construct a fixed effects model, and an empirical study based on cross-sectional data and general linear regression is conducted. To prevent endogeneity issues, this study introduces instrumental variables and uses 2SLS regression to further analyse the output results. Results: For every 1% increase in supplementary funding on the supply side, the perinatal mortality rate decreases by 1.765%, while for every 1% increase in financial compensation on the demand side, per capita outpatient expenses increase by 0.225% and per capita hospitalization expenses increase by 0.196%. Regarding medical resources, for every 1% increase in the number of beds per 1,000 people, per capita hospitalization expenses decrease by 0.099%. In the central and eastern regions, where economic levels are higher, supply-side government funding is more effective than demand-side funding. In contrast, demand-side funding is more effective in the western region. Conclusions: The roles of multiple influencing factors and significant regional heterogeneity are clarified. Increasing financial compensation to providers positively impacts perinatal mortality but leads to higher per capita outpatient and hospital expenditures. Finally, this study provides targeted policy recommendations and solid theoretical support for policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze how much influence Financial Compensation, Work Motivation and Work Discipline on employee performance. In this research using primary data obtained from questionnaires to 116 employees as respondents in companies jabbek. This research uses descriptive analysis and inferential analysis methods. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression correlation analysis, test instruments, test the feasibility of the model, and the t test. The results of this study indicate a positive and significant effect on Employee Performance, which is generated from the results of the regression equation model in the Coefficients Y table = 5.653 + 0.508 + 0.082+ 0.234. In the model feasibility test results obtained significant value of 0,000 which means the model is said to be significant and the model is said to be feasible to use in this study. On the results of the t-test hypotheses obtained sig value on the variable Financial Compensation of 0,000, the sig value on the Work Motivation variable is 0.046, and the sig value in the Work Discipline is 0,000. Then it can be concluded that the partial meaning of the three variables has a positive and significant influence on the dependent variable of employee performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effect of financial compensation, intrinsic motivation and physical work environment on the performance of employees of the Human Resources Development Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. The type of research used is quantitative research. This study used primary data by distributing questionnaires to as many as 138 respondents. Data analysis uses descriptive and inferential analysis. In the implementation of the study using primary data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires and processed with SPSS 25. The results of the study showed that the financial compensation variable (X1) had a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of the Human Resources Development Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. The intrinsic motivation variable (X2) has a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of the Human Resources Development Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. Physical work environment variables (X3) have a positive and significant effect on the performance of employees of the Human Resources Development Agency of the Republic of Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the influences of financial compensations (whether direct or indirect) and role stress on tourism employees’ job satisfaction in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This is because job satisfaction has become a major concern for service organisations, which rely on employees for fulfilling their business goals. To achieve this purpose, a pre-tested questionnaire survey has been self-distributed to a sample of tourism employees in KSA. The results of statistical data analysis showed a positive relationship between financial compensations and job satisfaction. Both direct and indirect financial compensations have positive influences on job satisfaction of tourism employees. Unlike the results of most pervious research studies, the results showed that role stress has a significant positive influence on job satisfaction of tourism employees. The results of follow up interviews with a sample of respondents showed that most respondents were expatriates or foreign employees, who had expectations of high role stress before they undertake their tourism job role outside their country. They found the level of role stress generate their creativity and make a differentiation for them among other tourism employees. This leads employees to prove their ability at work hence, employee seeks to accomplish many tasks at the same time in order to get an attention of their managers/employers and ensure that they win the job for the next year by renewing their contract. Thus, such employees get thanks and appreciation by the manager/employer and is reflected in their job satisfaction. The study confirmed positive significant influence of both types of financial compensation and role stress on job satisfaction. It concludes that condition of employment should have special consideration when examining factors affecting employees’ attitudes, i.e. job satisfaction.

Background: An integral aspect of patient engagement in research, also known as patient and public involvement, is appropriately recognising patient partners for their contributions through compensation (e.g., coauthorship, honoraria). Despite known benefits to compensating patient partners, our previous work suggested compensation is rarely reported and researchers perceive a lack of guidance on this issue. To address this gap, we identified and summarised available guidance and policy documents for patient partner compensation. Methods: We conducted this scoping review in accordance with methods suggested by the JBI. We searched the grey literature (Google, Google Scholar) in March 2022 and Overton (an international database of policy documents) in April 2022. We included articles, guidance or policy documents regarding the compensation of patient partners for their research contributions. Two reviewers independently extracted and synthesised document characteristics and recommendations. Results: We identified 65 guidance or policy documents. Most documents were published in Canada (57%, n = 37) or the United Kingdom (26%, n = 17). The most common recommended methods of nonfinancial compensation were offering training opportunities to patient partners (40%, n = 26) and facilitating patient partner attendance at conferences (38%, n = 25). The majority of guidance documents (95%) suggested financially compensating (i.e., offering something of monetary value) patient partners for their research contributions. Across guidance documents, the recommended monetary value of financial compensation was relatively consistent and associated with the role played by patient partners and/or specific engagement activities. For instance, the median monetary value for obtaining patient partner feedback (i.e., consultation) was $19/h (USD) (range of $12–$50/h). We identified several documents that guide the compensation of specific populations, including youth and Indigenous peoples. Conclusion: Multiple publicly available resources exist to guide researchers, patient partners and institutions in developing tailored patient partner compensation strategies. Our findings challenge the perception that a lack of guidance hinders patient partner financial compensation. Future efforts should prioritise the effective implementation of these compensation strategies to ensure that patient partners are appropriately recognised. Patient or Public Contributions: The patient partner coauthor informed protocol development, identified data items, and interpreted findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has Abstract: been growing recognition of the significant impact of psychological and emotional injuries on the lives of individuals who have experienced physical trauma. The importance of psychiatric involvement in determining the extent of mental trauma and its impact on an individual's life will be highlighted, as well as the challenges faced by psychiatrists in making such assessments. Corporal damage assessment is a critical component of the process of financial compensation for individuals who have experienced physical injuries. In France, this process is governed by a complex legal framework that includes the Civil Code, the Social Security Code, and the Code of Criminal Procedure. These laws and regulations outline the various types of financial compensation that may be awarded to victims of physical injury, including medical expenses, loss of income, and compensation for pain and suffering. Given the increasing awareness of the importance of mental health, the role of psychiatrists in corporal damage assessment has become more significant. These mental health professionals are tasked with assessing psychological and emotional injuries, determining the extent of mental trauma, and evaluating the impact of physical injury on an individual's mental health. The challenges include distinguishing between preexisting and injury-related mental health issues, overcoming the subjective nature of psychological assessment, and balancing patient advocacy with impartiality. Finally, this presentation will provide a series of case studies that illustrate the impact of psychiatrist involvement in financial compensation cases. These case studies will highlight examples of successful psychiatric assessments, as well as lessons learned from these cases. In conclusion, the presentation will emphasize the importance of the psychiatrist's role in corporal damage assessment and explore potential improvements and future directions for this field (Daligand, 1992). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Patient engagement in research refers to collaboration between researchers and patients (i.e., individuals with lived experience including informal caregivers) in developing or conducting research. Offering non-financial (e.g., co-authorship, gift) or financial (e.g., honoraria, salary) compensation to patient partners can demonstrate appreciation for patient partner time and effort. However, little is known about how patient partners are currently compensated for their engagement in research. We sought to assess the prevalence of reporting patient partner compensation, specific compensation practices (non-financial and financial) reported, and identify benefits, challenges, barriers and enablers to offering financial compensation. Methods We conducted a systematic review of studies citing the Guidance for Reporting the Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP I and II) reporting checklists (October 2021) within Web of Science and Scopus. Studies that engaged patients as research partners were eligible. Two independent reviewers screened full texts and extracted data from included studies using a standardized data abstraction form. Data pertaining to compensation methods (financial and non-financial) and reported barriers and enablers to financially compensating patient partners were extracted. No formal quality assessment was conducted since the aim of the review is to describe the scope of patient partner compensation. Quantitative data were presented descriptively, and qualitative data were thematically analysed. Results The search identified 843 studies of which 316 studies were eligible. Of the 316 studies, 91% (n = 288) reported offering a type of compensation to patient partners. The most common method of non-financial compensation reported was informal acknowledgement on research outputs (65%, n = 206) and co-authorship (49%, n = 156). Seventy-nine studies (25%) reported offering financial compensation (i.e., honoraria, salary), 32 (10%) reported offering no financial compensation, and 205 (65%) studies did not report on financial compensation. Two key barriers were lack of funding to support compensation and absence of institutional policy or guidance. Two frequently reported enablers were considering financial compensation when developing the project budget and adequate project funding. Conclusions In a cohort of published studies reporting patient engagement in research, most offered non-financial methods of compensation to patient partners. Researchers may need guidance and support to overcome barriers to offering financial compensation.

As an important incentive and constraint system to coordinate the contradiction between ecological resource protection and regional economic development, the ecological and environmental protection effect after its implementation deserves special attention, especially for China, which involves the widest scope of payment and the largest transfer and has become the largest governmental ecological compensation program in China and even in the world. Starting from the evolution of China’s eco-financial transfer system, this study conducts an empirical investigation of the ecological and environmental protection effect of the eco-financial transfer system. Such an undertaking is based on the theoretical exploration of the impact mechanism of the eco-financial transfer system to improve the ecological environment quality and based on the panel data of 40 counties in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2020. Results of the study show that the ecological financial transfer system can promote the improvement of regional ecological environment quality, but the promotion effect is insignificant. The financial funds reflect more of a financial compensation effect than a system incentive effect. The increase in the scale of ecological transfer payments is conducive to strengthening the incentive function of the system, promoting local governments to increase environmental protection expenditures and environmental regulation efforts to improve the quality of the ecological environment. Therefore, in the process of implementing ecological financial transfers from the province to the counties, the concept of ecological value contribution should be incorporated into the fund allocation process. In addition, the current ecological transfer payment fund allocation method should be reconstructed on the basis of the ecological value contribution to enhance the guiding role of “high quality and high price, more work and more gain.” The goal is to effectively stimulate the enthusiasm of local governments for ecological environmental protection. Findings have significant guidance for developing countries that are currently seeking to formulate and implement such policies.

One of the basic tasks of HR managers is to provide the organization with people who can do the job efficiently and effectively. Since during the COVID-19pandemic, the most important thing was to preserve the health of the population, the key role in bringing the pandemic under control was played by healthcare workers, which is why it was very important to find techniques to motivate them. This paper aims to assess the degree of satisfaction of healthcare workers with financial compensation during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared to compensation under normal working conditions. The results indicate that financial compensation is the dominant factor in motivating work during the pandemic, that they believe that they are not paid enough for their work, and that the minimum wage increase they deserve should be in the amount of the COVID supplement payment. As even more than half of the respondents would not accept working in a COVID hospital without financial incentive, this paper gains special importance as a warning for all decision makers.

Abstract Background An integral aspect of patient engagement in research, also known as patient and public involvement, is appropriately recognising patient partners for their contributions through compensation (e.g., coauthorship, honoraria). Despite known benefits to compensating patient partners, our previous work suggested compensation is rarely reported and researchers perceive a lack of guidance on this issue. To address this gap, we identified and summarised available guidance and policy documents for patient partner compensation. Methods We conducted this scoping review in accordance with methods suggested by the JBI. We searched the grey literature (Google, Google Scholar) in March 2022 and Overton (an international database of policy documents) in April 2022. We included articles, guidance or policy documents regarding the compensation of patient partners for their research contributions. Two reviewers independently extracted and synthesised document characteristics and recommendations. Results We identified 65 guidance or policy documents. Most documents were published in Canada (57%, n = 37) or the United Kingdom (26%, n = 17). The most common recommended methods of nonfinancial compensation were offering training opportunities to patient partners (40%, n = 26) and facilitating patient partner attendance at conferences (38%, n = 25). The majority of guidance documents (95%) suggested financially compensating (i.e., offering something of monetary value) patient partners for their research contributions. Across guidance documents, the recommended monetary value of financial compensation was relatively consistent and associated with the role played by patient partners and/or specific engagement activities. For instance, the median monetary value for obtaining patient partner feedback (i.e., consultation) was $19/h (USD) (range of $12–$50/h). We identified several documents that guide the compensation of specific populations, including youth and Indigenous peoples. Conclusion Multiple publicly available resources exist to guide researchers, patient partners and institutions in developing tailored patient partner compensation strategies. Our findings challenge the perception that a lack of guidance hinders patient partner financial compensation. Future efforts should prioritise the effective implementation of these compensation strategies to ensure that patient partners are appropriately recognised. Patient or Public Contributions The patient partner coauthor informed protocol development, identified data items, and interpreted findings.

This article explores the impact of layoffs, workload, and financial compensation on job satisfaction and employee performance at Sirclo Group Jakarta. The study, based on quantitative research methods and data from 130 respondents, reveals that layoffs have a positive effect on job satisfaction, while workload has a negative effect. Financial compensation is found to have a positive effect on job satisfaction. Furthermore, layoffs have a negative effect on employee performance, while workload and financial compensation have a positive effect. The study aims to enhance understanding of the factors influencing employee performance at Sirclo Group Jakarta. [Extracted from the article]

Background: According to European clinical research legislation, no undue influence, including financial incentives, should be used to encourage participation in clinical trials. Financial compensation should be based on the inconvenience experienced by patients and is determined by the sponsor. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the adequacy of patients' financial compensation by obtaining an external ethical opinion compared to the actual compensation provided. Methods: We randomly selected and reviewed 50 clinical drug trials, including 25 academic and 25 industry‐sponsored studies. An external ethics group consisting of three members from French ethics committees, blinded to the actual compensation and the sponsor, retrospectively reviewed the study characteristics and assessed whether financial compensation was appropriate. Cohen's Kappa test measured agreement between actual compensation and the ethics group's opinion, and the McNemar test measured discrepancies. Results: There was no agreement between the actual financial compensation and the ethics group's opinion (K = −.07; 95% CI = [−.16–.02]). More discrepancies were found in favour of financial compensation according to the ethics group than provided by sponsors (12 vs. 2, p =.016). The ethics group recommended financial compensation in 12 out of 50 studies (24%), which were studies with a higher number of additional visits (p =.004) and were more frequently sponsored by industry (p =.008). Sponsors only provided financial compensation in 2 out of 50 studies (4%). Conclusion: Patients are rarely compensated despite the perceived inconvenience. Both sponsors and ethics members struggle to determine the need for financial compensation, indicating a need for more precise recommendations for both parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a multi-level perspective approach combined with top-down macroeconomic models, we analyze the situation of the GCC countries in the perspective of a global transition to zero-net emissions before the end of the century. Based on these analyses, we propose strategic and political options for these oil and gas exporting countries. We show that it would be unwise for GCC member states to adopt an obstructionist strategy in international climate negotiations. On the contrary, these countries could be proactive in developing international emissions trading market and exploiting negative emissions obtained from CO2 direct reduction technologies, in particular direct air capture with CO2 sequestration, and thus contribute to a global net-zero-emissions regime in which clean fossil fuels are still used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the influences of financial compensations (whether direct or indirect) and role stress on tourism employees' job satisfaction in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This is because job satisfaction has become a major concern for service organisations, which rely on employees for fulfilling their business goals. To achieve this purpose, a pre-tested questionnaire survey has been self-distributed to a sample of tourism employees in KSA. The results of statistical data analysis showed a positive relationship between financial compensations and job satisfaction. Both direct and indirect financial compensations have positive influences on job satisfaction of tourism employees. Unlike the results of most pervious research studies, the results showed that role stress has a significant positive influence on job satisfaction of tourism employees. The results of follow up interviews with a sample of respondents showed that most respondents were expatriates or foreign employees, who had expectations of high role stress before they undertake their tourism job role outside their country. They found the level of role stress generate their creativity and make a differentiation for them among other tourism employees. This leads employees to prove their ability at work hence, employee seeks to accomplish many tasks at the same time in order to get an attention of their managers/employers and ensure that they win the job for the next year by renewing their contract. Thus, such employees get thanks and appreciation by the manager/employer and is reflected in their job satisfaction. The study confirmed positive significant influence of both types of financial compensation and role stress on job satisfaction. It concludes that condition of employment should have special consideration when examining factors affecting employees' attitudes, i.e. job satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient engagement in research refers to collaboration between researchers and patients (i.e., individuals with lived experience including informal caregivers) in developing or conducting research. Offering non-financial (e.g., co-authorship, gift) or financial (e.g., honoraria, salary) compensation to patient partners can demonstrate appreciation for patient partner time and effort. However, little is known about how patient partners are currently compensated for their engagement in research. We sought to assess the prevalence of reporting patient partner compensation, specific compensation practices (non-financial and financial) reported, and identify benefits, challenges, barriers and enablers to offering financial compensation. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies citing the Guidance for Reporting the Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP I and II) reporting checklists (October 2021) within Web of Science and Scopus. Studies that engaged patients as research partners were eligible. Two independent reviewers screened full texts and extracted data from included studies using a standardized data abstraction form. Data pertaining to compensation methods (financial and non-financial) and reported barriers and enablers to financially compensating patient partners were extracted. No formal quality assessment was conducted since the aim of the review is to describe the scope of patient partner compensation. Quantitative data were presented descriptively, and qualitative data were thematically analysed. Results: The search identified 843 studies of which 316 studies were eligible. Of the 316 studies, 91% (n = 288) reported offering a type of compensation to patient partners. The most common method of non-financial compensation reported was informal acknowledgement on research outputs (65%, n = 206) and co-authorship (49%, n = 156). Seventy-nine studies (25%) reported offering financial compensation (i.e., honoraria, salary), 32 (10%) reported offering no financial compensation, and 205 (65%) studies did not report on financial compensation. Two key barriers were lack of funding to support compensation and absence of institutional policy or guidance. Two frequently reported enablers were considering financial compensation when developing the project budget and adequate project funding. Conclusions: In a cohort of published studies reporting patient engagement in research, most offered non-financial methods of compensation to patient partners. Researchers may need guidance and support to overcome barriers to offering financial compensation. Plain English summary: The term patient engagement in research is used to describe research that is conducted "with" patients, rather than "on" patients. It is important that researchers recognize patient partners for their time and expertise. In order to gain a better understanding of approaches to recognition for patient partners we reviewed published studies to: (1) assess how often financial compensation is reported, (2) identify how patient partners are reported as being compensated, and (3) understand what benefits, challenges, barriers and enablers might exist to offering financial compensation. We conducted a systematic review of articles citing the Guidance for Reporting the Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP) guidelines. We included all study designs if patients were engaged as partners. Studies in which patients were participants only were excluded. Data collected included information about details of patient partner compensation (financial and non-financial practices) as well as challenges relating to financial compensation. Numerical data were analysed descriptively. Textual data were coded by two reviewers and collated into overarching themes. Our search identified 316 papers. Of these, 91% reported offering compensation to patient partners. Most common methods were acknowledgement (65%) and co-authorship (49%). Only 79 studies (25%) reported offering financial compensation to patient partners. Limited funding and lack of institutional guidance were identified as two key barriers that may be preventing researchers from offering financial compensation. Our review found that non-financial methods of compensation are reported more often than financial compensation. Researchers may require more support when offering financial compensation to patient partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background With the deepening of the new medical reform, the "short slabs" of the current financial compensation mechanism for primary care institutions has been gradually revealed. Compensation mechanism still needs to be further improved for the existence of painful and difficult problems such as insufficient "endogenous power" of primary care institutions, low efficiency in the use of financial funds, and the compensation mechanism still needs to be improved. Objective To explore and establish a service output, more simple and easy-to-use, scientific and reasonable financial compensation calculation model based on equivalent method, so as to provide a reference for the financial compensation of government-run community health service institutions. Methods Based on the cost calculation of the equivalent method, the policy analysis and literature review method were used to sort out the financial compensation policies, and the important parameters of the model were determined through expert consultation to build the financial compensation calculation model and financial compensation budget model. The application effect of the model was further evaluated by calculating the financial compensation of 14 community health care institutions in Beijing from 2019 to 2021. Results The constructed financial compensation calculation model was mainly composed of three parts, including service equivalent (D), compensation standard per equivalent (PG) and adjustment coefficient (T), the financial compensation budget model was built on this basis. 14 institutions were taken as examples to calculate the financial compensation, the average calculated financial compensation amount of each institution in 2021 was 45.961 0 million yuan, and the average actual subsidy income of each institution was 44.546 8 million yuan, slightly lower than the calculated financial compensation amount. The average budgeted service equivalent for the 14 institutions in 2022 was 1 139 900 000 equivalents and the average budgeted financial compensation was 50.234 3 million yuan. Conclusion The data source of financial compensation calculation model based on equivalent method is standardized and easily available, which is convenient for promotion and use. It was suggested to explore a new model of financial compensation and flexibly use the adjustment coefficients, so that the financial compensation model can better meet the needs of high-quality development.

This study examines and analyzes the effect of intrinsic motivation and financial compensation on affective commitment: the mediating role of job satisfaction. The research method used in this study is a quantitative research method by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The population studied in this study were employees of CV. Mulya Sukanta Makmur numbered 70 people. The data analysis method used in this study isStructural Equation Model (SEM) by using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study are that there is a positive and significant effect of intrinsic motivation on affective commitment, there is a positive and significant effect of financial compensation on affective commitment, there is a positive but not significant effect of intrinsic motivation on job satisfaction, there is a positive and significant effect of financial compensation on job satisfaction, there is a positive and significant effect of job satisfaction on affective commitment, job satisfaction does not mediate the relationship between intrinsic motivation and affective commitment, job satisfaction does not mediate the relationship between financial compensation and affective commitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of the Russian Federation's armed aggression against Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity is perhaps the most pressing on the agenda of not only Ukraine but the entire world. And one of the most practical aspects, which is also a challenge, is the issue of compensation for damages caused by Russia's armed aggression. At the same time, it is important to consider the issue of such compensation not only in the context of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation on the 24th of February 2022, but also taking into account Russia's territorial encroachment on the territory of Donbas and the territory of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea since 2014. Therefore, the article is devoted to the analysis of the mechanisms for protecting and restoring the right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions in Ukrainian legislation developed in response to the violation of this right by the Russian Federation as part of its armed aggression starting from 2014 and until the 24th of February 2022. The author analyzes in detail the existing regulatory framework for the mechanism of compensation for damages since 2014 and compares it with the international law basis. In particular, the article discusses the disadvantages and advantages of the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine "On the Payment of Financial Compensation to Victims Whose Residential Buildings (Apartments) were Destroyed as a Result of a Military Emergency Caused by the Armed Aggression of the Russian Federation" No. 767 of the 2 September 2020, as well as the Draft Law of Ukraine "On Protection of Property Rights and Other Proprietary Rights of Persons Affected by Armed Aggression". In the context of legal regulation of the restoration of the right to peaceful enjoyment of property violated since 2014, the author highlights the issues of the subjects, type of property, requirements for its territorial location for compensation, types of damages, feasibility of compensation amounts, the process of compensation, as well as the problem of non-extension of the envisaged regulation to the case of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, taking into account only damages in the territory of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The author draws special attention to the international legal aspects of the problem of restoration of the right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions, in particular, to the incorrect terminology in national regulation which, by its effect, lies in the plane of international humanitarian law, the need for compensation by the Russian Federation as the aggressor who caused the damage, and not only by Ukraine as a State seeking to ensure the basic needs of its citizens grossly violated as a result of Russia's territorial encroachment, and the need to include damages incurred since 2014 in the general compensation mechanism being developed to restore the right to peaceful enjoyment of possessions violated as a result of the full-scale invasion in 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Czech Congregation of Dominican Sisters was founded in Řepčín near Olomouc in 1889. The mission of the congregation was primarily to educate and bring up young girls in the spirit of St. Dominic. As the congregation was increasingly popular with the Czech population, the nuns had to rebuild and enlarge their monastery several times. The last reconstruction planned for autumn 1930 involved a new three‑storey building that was supposed to be situated next to the monastery. The Olomouc builder Jan Valihrach undertook the construction, however, shortly before its completion the building suddenly collapsed. The builder Valihrach, along with the designer Josef Derrich, was accused of the collapse. While Valihrach was found guilty of the collapse of the building, Derrich’s prosecution was stopped due to his death. Valihrach denied his guilt, however, and subsequently brought a lawsuit against the Dominican Convention of Řepčín. He demanded a payment of the agreed sum for the building and also a payment of other debts from the past that had not been paid by the nuns. The nuns counter-sued and demanded compensation from Valihrach for damages caused by the collapse of the building. After examining the evidence and questioning the witnesses of both involved parties the courts concluded that both the builder Valihrach and the deceased designer Derrich were guilty of the collapse. In the case of the designer Derrich, the court recognized him as the implicit representative of the Řepčín convent of Dominican nuns at the construction. The judges ruled that the Dominican nuns should pay Valihrach just half of the requested compensation, which amounted to 333,300 crowns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the effect of work environment and financial compensation on turnover intention which is mediated by job satisfaction at PT Hayati Pratama Mandiri Padang, West Sumatera. The method used in this research is quantitative-descriptive. This study uses primary data collected through a questionnaire instrument from 60 permanent employees of PT Hayati Pratama Mandiri Padang. Data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression techniques to find the effect of independent variables on the dependent and path analysis to examine the effect of intermediary variables. Data analysis in this study used the help of the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 21. The results of this study indicate that the work environment has a significant and positive effect on job satisfaction, while financial compensation has no significant effect on job satisfaction. The opposite result was also obtained, i.e. the work environment did not have a significant effect on turnover intention, while financial compensation had a significant effect on turnover intention. Furthermore, job satisfaction does not have a significant effect on turnover intention. This study also proves that work environment and financial compensation have a significant effect on job satisfaction simultaneously. In line with these results, the work environment, financial compensation, and job satisfaction have a significant effect on turnover intention simultaneously. This study also confirms that job satisfaction is able to mediate the effect of the work environment on turnover intention. However, job satisfaction is not able to mediate the effect of financial compensation on turnover intention.

Reliability is an important issue in electricity distribution systems, with strict regulatory policies and investments needed to improve it. This paper presents a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for clustering electrical customers, maximizing system reliability and minimizing outage costs. However, the evaluation of reliability and its corresponding nonlinear function represent a significant challenge, making the use of mathematical programming models difficult. The proposed heuristic procedure overcomes this challenge by using a linear formulation of reliability indicators and incorporating them into the MILP model for clustering electrical customers. The model is mainly defined on a density-based heuristic that constrains the set of possible medians, thus dealing with the combinatorial complexity associated with the problem of empowered p-medians. The proposed model proved to be effective in improving the reliability of real electrical distribution systems and reducing compensation costs. Three substation cluster scenarios were explored, in which the total utility compensations were reduced by approximately USD 86,000 (1.80%), USD 67,400 (1.41%), and USD 64,000 (1.3%). The solutions suggest a direct relationship between the reduction in the compensation costs and the system reliability. In addition, the alternative modeling approach to the problem served to match the performance between the distribution system reliability indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plain English summary Background Partnering with patients, caregivers and members of the public to co-develop and co-conduct research is becoming more accepted and prevalent. However, it is unclear how researchers recognize patient partners for their contributions to research projects. In this publication we outline a series of three studies that will help us better understand when and how patient partners are being financially compensated for their involvement. Methods First, we will conduct a review of the literature to identify an international group of researchers that engage patients as research partners. Evaluating these studies will give us an idea about how often patient partners are compensated, and the methods of compensation being used (e.g. offered gifts, cash, etc.). Second, we will survey researchers and institutions who have experience with patient engagement to ask them for more details about their experiences with patient partner compensation (i.e. challenges that they have encountered and their attitudes). Third, we will conduct another review to identify any guidance documents or policies that can help guide researchers through the processes of financially compensating patient partners. We will provide a summary of all of these guidance documents so that researchers, patient partners, and institutions have a one-stop-shop of resources. Discussion We hope that our three studies will inform and help researchers and patient partners navigate the processes for compensating patient engagement in research.

The high rate of attrition in the processing of sexual violence cases within the criminal justice system has been framed as a "justice gap," an institutional failure to get justice for victim-survivors. In this article, I analyze the processing of rape cases in the Swedish criminal justice system, one with a particularly high attrition rate. Drawing upon interviews with criminal justice professionals, I illuminate the inadequacy of the justice gap as a measure of victim-centered justice. Through policy reforms, the Swedish criminal justice system has instituted victim-centered practices that offer victim-survivors alternative forms of justice without increasing the prosecution rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjectives To investigate general practitioners’ (GPs’) willingness to participate in long-term medical research and in research networks (RNs).Design and setting Cross-sectional survey among German GPs around Halle-Wittenberg and Leipzig in 2020.Subjects Random sample of 905 GPs.Main outcome measures and results Response rate 37%, 69% female. Overall, 57% were interested in participating in medical research, 34% in an active role in a RN. Interest in RN participation was positively associated with male sex, younger age, previous experiences in medical research, being involved in teaching undergraduates, and having qualification in a further specialty. Main motivators were improving patient care, giving a more realistic picture of GP care, and carrying out research on topics within their own interest areas and a reliable contact person at the leading institution. Most GPs were not afraid of reduced earnings; however, time investment was the main barrier for participation. GPs were willing to dedicate twice as much time to research when remuneration was offered. High rated topics were polypharmacy, chronic diseases, drug safety and adverse drug reactions.Conclusion GPs are interested to participate in practice-based research. The study results providing useful and generalizable insights in barriers and motivators should be considered when building and running GP-RNs.KEY POINTSThere is a difference between general practitioners’ (GPs’) overall interest in clinical research and their job and socio-demographic related readiness to participate in research networks (RNs).GPs are interested in RNs when it is a resource of and leading to enhanced patient-oriented care.GPs are willing to dedicate twice as much time to research when remunerated.GPs need a reliable counterpart within the leading institution.

Compensation is one of the most important aspects for employees and organizations. Can give compensation or remuneration based on individual, group, and company performance as a whole to improve employee performance and ultimately achieve organizational goals. This study aims to determine the effect of financial and non-financial compensation on the performance of employees of freight forwarding services in the city of Serang, Indonesia. The sample in this study amounted to 90 employees. The method used is the quantitative method. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire. Data analysis used multiple linear regression. The results show partially that financial compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, and non-financial compensation has a positive and significant impact on employee performance. Simultaneously, financial and non-financial compensation affects employee performance.

This study aims to analyze the effect of financial compensation and career development on turnover intentions through employee engagement. The data collection technique in this study used primary data by distributing questionnaires to millennial employees of the XYZ Group with data collected as many as 180 respondents using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis. The results of this study indicate that financial compensation directly has a significant positive effect on employee engagement, career development has a significant positive effect on employee engagement, financial compensation has a significant negative effect on turnover intentions, career development has a significant negative effect on turnover intentions, and employee engagement. has a significant positive effect on turnover intentions. The indirect effect is that financial compensation has a significant positive effect on turnover intentions through employee engagement, and career development has a significant positive effect on turnover intentions through employee engagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Financial compensation is an effective marketing tool to deal with delivery delay issues in online retailing. In this paper, we develop an analytical model to study two different compensation policies prevalent in practice: uniform compensation and discriminated compensation. By endogenizing the customers' choice behavior, we first characterize the optimal retail price and compensation level for these different compensation cases. Then, we conduct a sensitivity analysis of the optimal solutions with respect to driving factors. The results show how the retailer's delivery quality, as well as the product characteristics, affect the optimal compensation and pricing policies, leading to interesting insights. For example, we show that the retailer optimally adopts a more generous compensation policy when the relative delay time becomes longer under the uniform compensation policy, but a lower retail price with a constrictive compensation policy can be a good choice for the retailer under discriminated compensation case. Through comparison to the benchmark case, we identify the impacts of the delay compensation policies from three aspects: the profit margin effect, total demand effect, and return rate effect. Then, the aggregate effect analysis verifies the profit implications of the compensation policies. The results show that the retailer is worse off due to deploying a compensation policy when both the cost-value rate and delay probability are sufficiently large. Furthermore, we also compare the optimal solutions, customer choice behavior, and retailer performance for these two compensation cases. The analytical and numerical insights can serve as a reference for internet retailers facing delivery delay problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: To recruit enough patients to achieve adequate statistical power in clinical research, investigators often rely on financial incentives. The use of these incentives, however, remains controversial as they may cause patients to overlook risks associated with research participation. This concern is amplified in the context of plastic surgery where aesthetic procedures are often more desirable and are not typically covered by public or private insurance plans. Despite this, the ethical debate regarding the use of incentives has largely been absent from plastic surgery journals; therefore, efforts to summarize the existing literature in the context of plastic surgery are necessary. Methods: A narrative review of the peer-reviewed published literature was performed to identify existing articles pertaining to financial incentives in plastic surgery-related health research. Results: While incentives have the potential to improve sample sizes and promote the recruitment of under-represented patient populations, undue inducement and biased recruitment are possible. At present, there exists a paucity of empirical evidence to substantiate this. Efforts should be taken by investigators and research ethics boards (REBs) to limit the potential negative impacts of monetary compensation. Investigators should place reasonable limits on the value of incentives as well as select models associated with lower risks of undue influence and enrollment bias. When financial remuneration is offered, additional care should be taken by investigators to ensure participants are adequately informed of the risks associated with research participation. Conclusion: Current best practice recommendations suggest that proposals submitted to REBs justify the incentives used. Information regarding incentives should also be included within study consent forms and communicated as part of the informed consent process., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

Background: The 2024 Nephrology fellowship match data show the declining interest in nephrology in the United States, with an 11% drop in candidates and a mere 66% (321/488) of positions filled., Objective: The study aims to discern the factors influencing this trend using ChatGPT, a leading chatbot model, for insights into the comparative appeal of nephrology versus other internal medicine specialties., Methods: Using the GPT-4 model, the study compared nephrology with 13 other internal medicine specialties, evaluating each on 7 criteria including intellectual complexity, work-life balance, procedural involvement, research opportunities, patient relationships, career demand, and financial compensation. Each criterion was assigned scores from 1 to 10, with the cumulative score determining the ranking. The approach included counteracting potential bias by instructing GPT-4 to favor other specialties over nephrology in reverse scenarios., Results: GPT-4 ranked nephrology only above sleep medicine. While nephrology scored higher than hospice and palliative medicine, it fell short in key criteria such as work-life balance, patient relationships, and career demand. When examining the percentage of filled positions in the 2024 appointment year match, nephrology's filled rate was 66%, only higher than the 45% (155/348) filled rate of geriatric medicine. Nephrology's score decreased by 4%-14% in 5 criteria including intellectual challenge and complexity, procedural involvement, career opportunity and demand, research and academic opportunities, and financial compensation., Conclusions: ChatGPT does not favor nephrology over most internal medicine specialties, highlighting its diminishing appeal as a career choice. This trend raises significant concerns, especially considering the overall physician shortage, and prompts a reevaluation of factors affecting specialty choice among medical residents., (© Jing Miao, Charat Thongprayoon, Oscar Garcia Valencia, Iasmina M Craici, Wisit Cheungpasitporn. Originally published in JMIR Medical Education (https://mededu.jmir.org).)

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Background: The overall aim of this program of research is to assess when/how patient partners are compensated financially for their contributions to health research. The research program consists of three studies to address the following questions: (1) What is the prevalence of reporting patient partner financial compensation? (2) What are researcher and institutional attitudes around patient partner financial compensation? (3) What are the current practices of patient partner financial compensation and what guidance exists to inform these practices? Methods: In our first project, we will conduct a systematic review to assess the prevalence of reporting patient partner financial compensation and identify current financial compensation practices on an international scale. We will identify a cohort of published studies that have engaged patients as partners through a forward citation search of the Guidance for Reporting the Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP I and II) checklists. We will extract details of financial compensation (type of financial compensation, amount, payment frequency etc.) and reported benefits, challenges, barriers and enablers to financially compensating patient partners. Quantitative data will be analyzed descriptively, and qualitative data will undergo thematic analysis. In our second project, we will conduct a cross-sectional survey of researchers who have engaged patient partners. We will also survey members of their affiliated institutions to gain further understanding of stakeholder experiences and attitudes with patient partner financial compensation. Survey responses will be analyzed by calculating prevalence. In our third project, we will conduct a scoping review to identify all published guidance and policy documents that guide patient partner financial compensation. Overton, the largest available online database of international policy documents, and the grey literature will be systematically searched. Data items will be extracted and presented descriptively. A comprehensive overview of guidance documents will be presented, which will represent a repository of resources that stakeholders can refer to when developing a financial compensation strategy. Discussion: Our three studies will not only inform and assist patient partners and researchers by informing compensation strategies, but also support the inclusion of diverse perspectives. We will disseminate findings through traditional mediums (publications, conferences) as well as social media, non-technical summaries, and visual abstracts. Plain English summary: Background: Partnering with patients, caregivers and members of the public to co-develop and co-conduct research is becoming more accepted and prevalent. However, it is unclear how researchers recognize patient partners for their contributions to research projects. In this publication we outline a series of three studies that will help us better understand when and how patient partners are being financially compensated for their involvement. Methods: First, we will conduct a review of the literature to identify an international group of researchers that engage patients as research partners. Evaluating these studies will give us an idea about how often patient partners are compensated, and the methods of compensation being used (e.g. offered gifts, cash, etc.). Second, we will survey researchers and institutions who have experience with patient engagement to ask them for more details about their experiences with patient partner compensation (i.e. challenges that they have encountered and their attitudes). Third, we will conduct another review to identify any guidance documents or policies that can help guide researchers through the processes of financially compensating patient partners. We will provide a summary of all of these guidance documents so that researchers, patient partners, and institutions have a one-stop-shop of resources. Discussion: We hope that our three studies will inform and help researchers and patient partners navigate the processes for compensating patient engagement in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate general practitioners' (GPs') willingness to participate in long-term medical research and in research networks (RNs). Cross-sectional survey among German GPs around Halle-Wittenberg and Leipzig in 2020. Random sample of 905 GPs. Response rate 37%, 69% female. Overall, 57% were interested in participating in medical research, 34% in an active role in a RN. Interest in RN participation was positively associated with male sex, younger age, previous experiences in medical research, being involved in teaching undergraduates, and having qualification in a further specialty. Main motivators were improving patient care, giving a more realistic picture of GP care, and carrying out research on topics within their own interest areas and a reliable contact person at the leading institution. Most GPs were not afraid of reduced earnings; however, time investment was the main barrier for participation. GPs were willing to dedicate twice as much time to research when remuneration was offered. High rated topics were polypharmacy, chronic diseases, drug safety and adverse drug reactions. GPs are interested to participate in practice-based research. The study results providing useful and generalizable insights in barriers and motivators should be considered when building and running GP-RNs. There is a difference between general practitioners' (GPs') overall interest in clinical research and their job and socio-demographic related readiness to participate in research networks (RNs). GPs are interested in RNs when it is a resource of and leading to enhanced patient-oriented care. GPs are willing to dedicate twice as much time to research when remunerated. GPs need a reliable counterpart within the leading institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliability is an important issue in electricity distribution systems, with strict regulatory policies and investments needed to improve it. This paper presents a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model for clustering electrical customers, maximizing system reliability and minimizing outage costs. However, the evaluation of reliability and its corresponding nonlinear function represent a significant challenge, making the use of mathematical programming models difficult. The proposed heuristic procedure overcomes this challenge by using a linear formulation of reliability indicators and incorporating them into the MILP model for clustering electrical customers. The model is mainly defined on a density-based heuristic that constrains the set of possible medians, thus dealing with the combinatorial complexity associated with the problem of empowered p-medians. The proposed model proved to be effective in improving the reliability of real electrical distribution systems and reducing compensation costs. Three substation cluster scenarios were explored, in which the total utility compensations were reduced by approximately USD 86,000 (1.80%), USD 67,400 (1.41%), and USD 64,000 (1.3%). The solutions suggest a direct relationship between the reduction in the compensation costs and the system reliability. In addition, the alternative modeling approach to the problem served to match the performance between the distribution system reliability indicators.

Background Problems: Land acquisition is a major issue in development policy, and compensation is often described as being inadequate; meanwhile, adequate compensation is the key element of fairness. Main Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine the impact on household welfare of financial compensation for farmland acquisition for new airport development. Novelty: This study utilizes land acquisition for the new Yogyakarta International Airport (YIA) because this area provides a reasonable case for evaluation. Research Methods: A quasi-experimental design is used to draw a causal relationship. A questionnaire survey has been conducted with 452 households, consisting of 207 households in the treatment group and 245 households in the control group. Finding/Results: On average, the financial compensation for the farmland acquired for the new airport development increased a household's total annual income by as much as 32.06%, especially the income that was generated from self-owned business and farmland activity, and it also increased their total annual expenditures by as much as 26.55%, especially those related to food, energy (LPG and fuel), vehicles, internet and phone, religion, social relationships, and insurance. Conclusion: This study highlights that financial compensation for farmland acquisition for tertiary industry, specifically a new airport development, has a positive impact on both the total annual income and the total annual expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population health and food safety is one of the main priorities of the agro-industrial complex and the economic policies of governments. This is also reflected in the health safety of the meat in the event of infectious diseases. Food safety policy is linked to public spending by the state, which also takes responsibility for the health of the population. This paper deals with the analysis of the economic impacts of the Mad cow disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy - BSE) occurrence in Czech Republic, namely the financial compensations to the farmers whose herds had been affected and the costs of animal killing and carcass disposal in the rendering plant. The data were obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture of Czech Republic, the State Veterinary Administration and the Czech Statistical Office. Original scientific research reflects the period from the first occurrence of the disease to the end of 2019. Between February, 2001 and the end of 2019, a total of 1 977 881 cows were examined and 30 cases of the BSE were detected. Consequently, 4243 cows in cohorts were killed and their carcasses were safely disposed of. The total of the compensations in this period reached EUR 8 013 000. Of these, 80.6% (EUR 6 458 000) were compensations for the value of the killed animals, 12.7% (EUR 1 020 000) for the related costs, i.e., killing, safe disposal of carcasses and the examination for the BSE, and 6.7% (EUR 535 000) for the losses due to non-materialised production. The costs associated with the payment of compensations are therefore significantly lower than if the real effects of the disease on the health of the population were affected. The fact that in the last 10 years the disease has not occurred in the Czech Republic corresponds to the improving situation in EU countries, so the Czech Republic has been recognised as BSE negligible risk country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the influence between financial and non-financial compensation on employee performance with motivation as a mediation variable. The data collection technique used saturated samples, namely as many as 86 respondents of all employees of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Palembang Sriwijaya Branch Office used in sample testing, and a random sample of 30 respondents from employees of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Palembang Regional Office which was on construction testing. The software that the author uses is SmartPLS with the Structural Equation Model (SEM-PLS) method to analyze the data. The results of this study show that financial and nonfinancial compensation has no influence on employee performance either directly or through motivation, while financial and non-financial compensation has a positive and significant effect on motivation. The results of this study contribute to the relationship between variables, especially in the scope of financial and non-financial compensation to performance through motivation that is still lacking in a decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]