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This paper examines the effect of financial deregulation on economic growth in Nigeria using annual data from 1986 to 2016. An index was used to capture financial deregulation. The index was generated using Principal Component Analysis from six variables namely: bank denationalisation, restructuring and interest rate liberalisation, prudential regulation, directed credit abolition, free entry into banking and capital market liberalisation. Johansen Cointegration test and Error Correction Model (ECM) were used to analyze the effect financial deregulation on economic growth. The result shows that there is long run relationship between financial deregulation and economic growth. Furthermore, the result reveals that financial deregulation has positive effect on economic growth both in the short run and long run, but the effect is not significant in the short run. The error correction term shows that the model corrects its short run disequilibrium by 35% annually.

Current account imbalances, now manifested as intensified trade wars between countries, have recently received much attention from researchers. This article reviewed this global issue from a new perspective complementary to the existing research. The study proposed a simple economic model and discovered that the current account balance is inversely proportional to the ratio of income to consumption inequality. This ratio combines all consumption smoothing schemes that depend on political interventions that can alleviate increases in income inequality. In the long run, however, current accounts could be consequently affected by a short-sighted policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financialisation literature has grown over the past decades. Despite a generally accepted definition, financialisation has been used to describe different phenomena. We distinguish between financialisation of non-financial companies, households and the financial sector and use activity and vulnerability measures. We identify seven financialisation hypotheses in the literature and empirically investigate them in a cross-country analysis for 17 OECD countries and two time periods, 1997–2007 as well as 2008–17. We find different financialisation measures are only weakly correlated, suggesting the existence of distinct financialisation processes. There is strong evidence that financialisation is linked to asset price inflation and correlated with a debt-driven demand regime. Financial deregulation encourages financialisation. There is limited evidence that market-based financial systems are more financialised. Foreign financial inflows do not seem a main driver. We do not find indication that an investment slowdown precedes financialisation. Our findings suggest financialisation should be understood as a variegated process, playing out differently across economic sectors and countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the effects of regulatory reform on productivity growth in the Bangladesh banking industry. We use a unique balanced panel dataset comprising bank-level annual data from the early deregulation year (1984) to the most recent available period (2012) from major commercial banks in Bangladesh. Applying the Färe-Primont index, the paper provides estimates of productivity growth and identifies sources of total factor productivity (TFP) change. Empirical results show the sample banks have experienced positive TFP change after the financial deregulation. On average, TFP growth is higher in private banks than their public sector counterparts in the post-reform period. In addition, the decomposition analysis shows technological progress is the main driver of productivity change. Similar results are obtained by using the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). Thus, empirical results remain robust irrespective of the methodology used. The regression analysis finds a positive technical change in the first stage of the reform program, i.e. during the transition period, as leading banks employ advanced technology to compete with potential new entrants. The result also shows that the banking industry still remains concentrated within the state-owned banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey is reviewed in terms of how financial deregulation develop as globally, how to receive hot money, how to provide earnings and risks. The results of empirical studies are included in the literature review. In the methodology section, the data are first classified in two periods: 1992: 1-2002: 4 and 2003: 2-2018: 2 as quarterly. The series are examined in terms of hot money inflows, current account deficit and GDP. ADF unit root test is applied to the series in order to reveal the short-term relationship between variables. Then, VAR model was established, lag length is determined and Granger Causality Test was applied. Finally, impulse-response analysis and variance decomposition analysis are performed in the VAR model. According to empirical results the hot money affects economic growth and trade deficit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the politics of capital control liberalisation through an archival analysis of Britain's exchange controls abolition. While the political economy consensus states that capital controls were abandoned because of a desire to boost the competitiveness of national financial centres and the ascendance of laissez-faire ideas, this article will challenge this interpretation. The James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher governments were concerned by the worsening performance of British industrial exporters, and exchange control abolition constituted a strategy to depreciate sterling and thus boost export competitiveness. Yet this beggar-thy-neighbour strategy risked spooking global markets and provoking a run on sterling. Thus, the Thatcher administration publicly masked its intentions by emphasising that this deregulation was motivated by laissez-faire ideology. This article thus reconceptualises the role of competition and ideas in spurring capital control liberalisation by demonstrating the importance of industrial competitiveness and the role of ideas as rhetoric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main scope of the paper is to investigate the proposition that rising income inequality results in systemic financial instability in developed countries. In particular, 33 OECD (Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development) countries are studied in a panel Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework analysis over 1995–2015. There is a growing literature on the effects of income inequality on financial crises. This study provides significant evidence in favour of a positive relationship between income inequality and financial fragility, when particular factors are controlled for. Complementary findings also suggest that (a) debt accumulation in the private sector significantly depends on credit expansion, (b) the debt levels of the private sector and households co‐move over time, and (c) financial deregulation significantly contributes to financial instability. Therefore, policymakers should take into account regulatory reforms that will promote institutional and financial innovations to restrict debt accumulation and render the financial system more robust to destabilising shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the effect of financial deregulation on economic growth in Nigeria using annual data from 1986 to 2016. An index was used to capture financial deregulation. The index was generated using Principal Component Analysis from six variables namely: bank denationalisation, restructuring and interest rate liberalisation, prudential regulation, directed credit abolition, free entry into banking and capital market liberalisation. Johansen Cointegration test and Error Correction Model (ECM) were used to analyze the effect financial deregulation on economic growth. The result shows that there is long run relationship between financial deregulation and economic growth. Furthermore, the result reveals that financial deregulation has positive effect on economic growth both in the short run and long run, but the effect is not significant in the short run. The error correction term shows that the model corrects its short run disequilibrium by 35% annually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economía, Sociedad y Territorio is the property of El Colegio Mexiquense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The problem of low investment caused by mismanagement of the financial deregulation process is a worrisome issue that needs to be addressed. Data spanning 46 years from 1970 to 2016 and which are relevant to variables of study like gross fixed capital formation, etc were gathered from secondary sources and analyzed using the Auto-Regressive Distribution Lag model. The result showed that both financial deregulation and investment growth have a long-term but negative significant impact on economic development. The paper recommends amongst others that the deregulation process needs to be properly sequenced into the financial system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the financialisation literature, a number of approaches identify the coexistence of financial expansion and productive stagnation. Yet there is no consensus on which direction causality operates between these two phenomena. This impasse has been widened by the lack of attention paid to the role of statecraft strategies in mediating possible causal mechanisms. This article contributes to rectifying this shortcoming by focusing on the governance advantages granted to states through financial deregulation. By presenting archival evidence on Britain’s 1971 Competition and Credit Control deregulation, this article lends support to financialisation accounts that argue that weaknesses in the productive economy spurred financial expansion, yet it also indicates that the state’s desire for depoliticised forms of governance played a crucial role in mediating this relationship. This further suggests that International Political Economy should focus on thestrategicmanner in which states relate to markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas many scholars have concluded that neoliberalism as well as deregulation was among the key causes of the financial crisis of 2008, much less work has been This is a comparative study of the political justification of financial deregulation, examining two spectacular cases: the repeal of Glass-Steagall in 1999 and the passing of the Commodity Futures Modernization Act in 2000. There was a widespread, outspoken uncertainty about the consequences of financial deregulation in the 1990s public debates. Building upon Mark Blyth's seminal work on economic ideas, this article traces the free market ideas and rhetoric that were invoked to reduce this uncertainty about financial derivatives and deregulation, thereby serving as an enabling factor for deregulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conjuntura Internacional is the property of Conjuntura Internacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A atuação do Federal Reserve System - Fed - durante a formação e estouro da bolha imobiliária mostra as dificuldades de um banco central em processos financeiros de grande magnitude. O Fed foi leniente com o desenvolvimento da bolha, por considerar que a alta do preço dos imóveis ajudava a reduzir os riscos de instabilidade financeira gerados pelas crises de 2000-2002. Quando a crise do mercado subprime se tornou aguda, em setembro de 2008, o Fed atuou agressivamente como emprestador de última instância, expandindo a base monetária para conter os riscos de inadimplência generalizada no mercado interbancário. Nos dois momentos, o Fed agiu com pragmatismo e discricionariedade, contrariando as teses dominantes do "Novo Consenso", mas foi "prisioneiro" dessas teses e dos interesses do mercado financeiro: a tese de que a desregulamentação dos mercados favorece a sociedade inibiu iniciativas intervencionistas para restringir as inovações financeiras no mercado imobiliário; a tese de que o mandato da Autoridade Monetária deve ser a estabilidade de preços contribuiu para a leniência com os riscos crescentes nos mercados financeiros.The Fed's actions during the development and burst of the US real estate bubble highlight a Central Bank's dilemma when facing a financial process of great magnitude. During the bubble's development and growth, the Fed was lenient since it considered that the increase in real estate prices helped reduce the risk of financial instability brought on by the financial crisis from 2000 to 2002. When the subprime crisis surfaced, the Fed started to act vigorously as a lender of last resort, with a vigorous expansion of the monetary basis in order to defend the system from the risk of a widespread default in the interbank market. In both cases the Fed was pragmatic and discretionary, and did not follow the mainstream thesis in economics analysis, the so called "New Monetary Consensus". However, at the same time, the US Central Bank is a "prisoner" of these thesis and of the financial interests that help it sustain them: the thesis that the financial market's deregulation benefits the entire society inhibited interventionist actions that would have restrained the new financial instruments in the housing market and the thesis that the main goal of the Monetary Authority should be price stability contributed to the leniency with the increasing risks in the financial markets.

How did the deregulation of U.S. bank activities affect the patterns of cross-border lending to emerging economies? Unlike bank lending from Europe or Japan, U.S. bank lending to emerging economies exhibited increasing volatility over time. Using U.S. cross-border bank exposure data, this study identifies a temporal association between important deregulation initiatives and the volatility of U.S. bank emerging market lending. This association is explained by the linkages between an important outcome of bank deregulation－earnings volatility from diversified bank activities－and the rising volatility. Together, it argues that U.S. banking deregulation had unanticipated effects of exacerbating the volatility of bank lending to emerging economies.

El autor sostiene que la crisis económica que estalló a mediados del 2008 en los países industrializa-dos y que rápidamente contagió a todas las economías del mundo, no tiene un origen exclusivo en las desregulaciones del mercado financiero. Aunque estas sin duda han precipitado y amplificado la crisis, es fundamental considerar la globalización financiera y comercial que ha marcado los regíme-nes de crecimiento económico. Es esta globalización la que ha provocada la deslocalización de la producción –a favor de China– y una consecuente pérdida de empleos y atonía de los salarios. Des-de esta perspectiva terminar la crisis requerirá más que una restructuración de la arquitectura financiera, será necesario modificar la desregularización financiera y comercial.The author maintains that the economic crisis that broke out in mid-2008 in industrialized countries and quickly spread to economies throughout the world does not have its origins solely in deregula-tion of the financial market. Though this clearly precipitated and has broadened the crisis, it is essential to consider the financial and commercial globalization that has marked regimes of economic growth. This is the globalization that has provoked the dislocation of production – in favor of China – and the consequent loss of jobs and stagnation of salaries. From this perspective, an end to the crisis will require more than a restructuring of financial architecture; what will be needed is change in financial and commercial deregulation.

The 2007 financial crisis has affected Southern European companies (Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Greek) more than others. From a Minskyan bubble-burst cycle perspective (Minsky, 1986), we study the relation between institutional ownership structure and corporate risk-taking for a sample of non-financial listed companies from Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece for the period 2001–2014. Our results suggest that the financial deregulation process, that lead to the financialization of the world economy before the 2007 financial crisis and the favourable macroeconomic scenario encouraged corporate risk-taking in those countries. We also find that the lack of effective control mechanisms provided an incentive for investment funds to assume a proactive role, encouraging companies to overinvest in risky projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]