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The use of natural science research methods in the form of cluster analysis in the field of humanities on the example of the education system of culture and art gives an innovative direction to the development of the entire field of culture. The main significance of this development has an applied character, what contributes to the forming of the innovative potential of the territory and the attractiveness of the region. As a result of the proposed research, a method of cluster analysis of the education system of culture and art is developed, an algorithm for implementing the cognitive-hermeneutical methodology of teaching and approving the principles of self-development of students, as well as the realization of the role of globalization processes are proposed. The method of factor analysis in the application for the cultural sphere was tested. Recommendations, key indicators and author’s methods of development of the higher education system of culture and art are formed, taking into account the specifics of music education.

Abstract Natural polymers are attractive sustainable materials for production of fibers and composite materials. Cotton and flux are traditional plants used to produce textiles with comforting properties while technologies like Viscose, Lyocell and Ioncell-F allowed to extent fiber use into regenerated cellulose from wood. Neither natural nor man-made fibers completely satisfy the needs for cellulose based fabrics boosting development of new approaches to bring more sustainability into the fashion. Technologies like Spinnova are arising based on the spinning of mechanically pretreated cellulose materials with a lower environmental impact though challenged by the fiber quality and strength related to the inconsistency of the mechanical fibers. Nanoscaled cellulose is an excellent solution to improve the consistency of spin fibers, but charges introduced by traditional chemical treatments prevent rebuilding native hydrogen bonding and compromise the mechanical properties especially in wet conditions. We used nanocellulose with low surface charge isolated using reactive eutectic media to spin fibers able to restore the native hydrogen bonding and enable constitutional mechanical strength of cellulose. We performed un-optimized spinning to reveal the intrinsic properties of the fibers and confirmed the preserved strength of wet fibers compliant with the low surface charge enabling further engineering towards cotton-like fabric from wood.

Arthroplasty is the most widely used surgical technique for bone tumors of the upper limbs. However, it should be noted that the functional outcomes after endoprosthetic reconstruction for malignant bone tumors of the upper limb does not always satisfy patients and often lead to impaired working capacity of patients, and their disability. The need to improve functional outcomes determines the practical and socio-economic significance of the research. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of a complex of rehabilitation measures on the quality of life of patients after surgery with endoprosthetic reconstruction for malignant bone tumors of the upper limb. Material and Methods. The treatment and rehabilitation outcomes in 146 patients were analyzed. There were 88 (60 %) men and 58 (40 %) women with an average age of 47 years (range, 19–75 years). The tumor was localized in the proximal humerus in 98 (67 %) patients, in the diaphysis in 18 (12 %), in bones that make up the elbow joint in 16 (11 %) and in the distal radius in 14 (9.6 %) patients. Results. Our rehabilitation technique improved functional outcomes after endoprosthetic reconstruction for all tumor localizations. The musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score was improved by 10 % (75 vs 65 %) for arthroplasty of the shoulder joint, for the wrist joint by 8 (80 vs 72 %). The rehabilitation technique allowed significant improvement of MSTS score for arthroplasty of the humeral diaphysis and bones making up the elbow joint (from 76 to 95 % and from 68 to 82 %, respectively). Conclusion. Rehabilitation measures play an important role in optimizing quality of life of patients after surgical treatment of bone tumors of the upper limb with arthroplasty, helping to improve functional outcomes.

Features of the expression of membrane importers of 5-ALA, as well as transporters involved in the removal of photoactive precursors of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) (uro-, copro- and protoporphyrinogens), may cause differences in the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy of malignant neoplasms using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Increased expression of ALA transporters is associated with an increase in the intensity of PPIX synthesis. When the expression of PPIX exporters increases, there is a decrease in PPIX concentration. The review describes the main transporters of 5-ALA, uro-, copro- and protoporphyrinogens, provides data on their expression in various tissues, and discusses the possibility of predicting the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy considering the expression of the corresponding transport proteins in malignant tissues.

The classification of breast cancer (BC) by immunohistochemical phenotypes is widely used in routine clinical practice. However, the genetic profile of the tumor does not always correspond to the pathomorphological one, which can significantly affect the prognosis and predict the effectiveness of therapy in BC. This literature review examines the effectiveness of endocrine therapy depending on the internal subtype of BC, and also presents data on the effectiveness of CDK4/6 inhibitors in these subgroups. It has been shown that during metastasis, the tumor acquires a more aggressive subtype (for example, it switches from luminal to HER2-E or basal-like), which can be stopped when using CDK4/6 inhibitors: the change of the internal subtype passes into a more favorable group.

Radoslaw Wasiak,1 Anna Filonenko,2 David J Vanness,3 Kim U Wittrup-Jensen,2 Donald E Stull,1 Steven Siak,1 Ian Fraser41Centre for Health Economics and Science Policy, United BioSource Corporation, London, United Kingdom; 2Global Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Berlin, Germany; 3University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; 4Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaBackground: The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of estradiol valerate-dienogest (E2V/DNG; Qlaira®/Natazia®) on work productivity and activities of daily living in European and Australian women with heavy menstrual bleeding.Methods: Women aged 18–54 years with a confirmed diagnosis of heavy menstrual bleeding and no recognizable pathology were recruited across nine European countries (the Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Hungary, The Netherlands, Poland, Sweden, UK, and Ukraine) and Australia. The women were randomized to receive either E2V/DNG (n = 149) or placebo (n = 82) for seven treatment cycles (196 days). The outcomes assessed included work productivity (ie, productivity while at work) and activities of daily living, measured on a Likert scale from 0 to 10 (with higher values denoting higher impairment levels) at baseline and at the end of the third and seventh cycles (days 84 and 196). The equivalent monetary value associated with the changes in work productivity and activities of daily living was also calculated.Results: Across all the countries, greater improvements from baseline to the end of treatment were observed with E2V/DNG treatment than placebo in work productivity (46.0% versus 15.1%) and activities of daily living (55.6% versus 30.8%). In 2008, savings associated with improvements in work productivity and activities of daily living due to E2V/DNG treatment (net of placebo improvement) were estimated to be between US$22–62 and US$18–56 per month (in purchasing power parity of US$), respectively.Conclusion: E2V/DNG has a consistent positive impact on work productivity and activities of daily living in European and Australian women with heavy menstrual bleeding. These improvements were associated with a reduction in monetary burden of heavy menstrual bleeding compared with the placebo group, consistent with the response to treatment observed.Keywords: heavy menstrual bleeding, work productivity, activities of daily living, estradiol valerate, and dienogest

Participation in conflicts can have a significant impact on the manifestation of aggression among military personnel, especially those who have had intensive combat experience in war zones. The key aspects of gender psychology and the influence of military factors on aggressive behaviour are considered. The term “gender-based aggression” in military personnel is proposed, which reflects the concept that describes the difference in the manifestations of aggressive behaviour depending on the gender characteristics of a person. It is used to analyse and understand how gender and psychological factors influence the perception and expression of aggression among men and women, particularly in the context of military settings. The purpose of the study is to identify and analyse the psychological and gender factors associated with aggressive behaviour of military personnel. The study was conducted with 89 combatants, including 47 men (first group) and 42 women (second group). To achieve this goal, the Aggression Level Questionnaire by A. Bass and A. Darkey. The mathematical and statistical processing of the results was carried out using Student's t-test for independent samples and Fisher’s angular transformation criterion (φ). It has been empirically found that men have a higher tendency to indirect aggression and a high level of mistrust, while women show less physical and verbal aggression. The aggression index scores of both groups of servicemen are within acceptable norms, which indicates that the overall level of aggression among them is satisfactory. However, the hostility index score was higher than the normative values in both groups, indicating an increased tendency to hostile behaviour and conflict among servicemen. The results emphasise the importance of an individual approach to psychological support for servicemen and women, taking into account their gender identity. The findings of the study can serve as a basis for developing effective strategies for managing stress and conflict in the military environment and are an incentive for further research in the field of gender psychology.

New specially protected natural areas (SPNAs) of regional significance, i.e. state biological (zoological) reserves “Spawning Grounds of Belozerye” and “Ramenye”, have been established in waters of the Sheksna and Rybinsk reservoirs located within the boundaries of Vologda Oblast. In waters of both reserves, producers and the young of phytophilous fish (bream, pike, perch, roach, silver bream, etc.) are concentrated in the spring-summer period. Their share in catches implemented with fixed nets makes up 81–85% (“Spawning Grounds of Belozerye”) and 81–96% (“Ramenye”). The area of flooded in spring overgrown sites, which are major spawning grounds for phytophilous fish species, reaches about 37.5 km2, or 29.8% of the total protected area in the “Spawning Grounds of Belozerye” and 34.8 km2, or 23.4% – in the “Ramenye” reserve. Taking into account the localization of spawning substrates, the boundaries of both SPNAs have been adjusted with further development of restrictions to be imposed on economic and other activities.

Photodynamic therapy is an effective method for treating superficial forms of malignant neoplasms, characterized by a minimal risk of damage to normal tissues. In this study, we presented our experience of treating cancer of the oral mucosa using photodynamic therapy, and analyzed the immediate and long-term results of treatment. 38 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity mucosa, with a depth of invasion no more than 7 mm, were included in the study. All patients underwent photodynamic therapy with chlorine e6 based photosensitizer. Photosensitizers were administered intravenously 3 hours before irradiation, at a dosage of 1 mg/kg of the patient’s weight. Photodynamic therapy was performed with the following parameters: P – 1.0 W, Ps – 0.31 W/cm2, E – 300 J/cm2. The area of one irradiation field ranged 1.0-2.0 cm2. Treatment effect was evaluated by RECIST 1.1. Overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and disease-free survival were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Evaluation of adverse events was made by .TCAE 5.0 criteria. At 35 (92.1%) out of 38 cases, complete regression was observed after photodynamic therapy. Among them in 3 out of 35 patients relapse was diagnosed in 11.5 to 43.2 months. The total number of patients who didn’t respond to treatment was 6 (15.8%). Follow-up period was 4.2-87.3 months. (mean 42.9). 34 (89.5%) out of 38 patients are alive, 1 (2.6%) died from progression, and three died from other causes. The 5-year overall survival rate was 82.1%, cancer-specific survival rate was 97.0%, and disease-free survival rate was 81.1%. Among the factors significantly (p < 0.05) influencing relapse-free survival: depth of invasion < 5 mm (p – 0.013) and the presence of leukoplakia (p – 0.007). When assessing cancer-specific survival, factors worsening the prognosis were: age >70 years (p – 0.034) and the presence of leukoplakia (p – 0.007). Photodynamic therapy is an alternative treatment method of oral cancer superficial lesions, in case of proper assessment of primary lesion and in case of possibility of full irradiation of the tumor. Moreover, after using photodynamic therapy, the underlying connective-muscular structures are preserved, which promotes rapid healing with minimal scarring, the functions of the affected organ remain intact, and cosmetic defects do not form.

Feather mites (Acariformes, Astigmata) are a large group of species in which mites of the genus Proctophyllodes Robin, 1868. Analgoidea are among the most common parasites of passerines. These mites are permanent obligate ectoparasites localized on the flight feathers, greater wing coverts, and on the tail. Most species of feather mites are characterized by high host specificity. The taxonomy and fauna of feather mites of the genus Proctophyllodes, and their morphological identification characters in different countries of the world are still a matter of research. The aim of our work was to describe the morphological features and metric parameters of feather mites of the species P. musicus Vitzthum, 1922, isolated from the common blackbird Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758 in Ukraine. 32 parameters are determined in males and females of P. musicus mites, which characterize both their general structure of the body and sexual dimorphism. The structure and sizes of the body, gnathosoma, idiosoma, prodorsal and hysteronotal shields, epimerites I, setae cp and c3, and the distance between setae of the scapula se–se and si–si are described. In males, the sizes of adanal sucker discs, epigastric shields, genital arch, setae ps2, h3, h2, the distance between setae 4a–4a, g–g, ps3–ps3, ps1–ps1 are additionally described and determined. Lamellae in males are wide, tongue-shaped, do not overlap. The aedeagus is short, slightly extending beyond the posterior margin of the genital arch. In female mites, the dimensions of the lobar shield, terminal appendages, and terminal recess are additionally described and determined, taking into account the location of setae ps1, h2, the dimensions of setae cp, c3, h3, h2, the distance between setae h1–h1, the distance between hysteronotal and lobar shields. The mite eggs were measured in the body of the female and on the feathers of the birds. The scientific data obtained in this study expand the already existing data on morphological and metric characters of feather mites of the species P. musicus (Proctophyllodidae) isolated from the common blackbird.

Abstract Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) converts wet biomass into hydrochar and a process liquid, but aromatic compounds in the products have been reported as a roadblock for soil applications as they can inhibit germination, plant growth, and soil microbial activity. Here, we compared HTC and hydrothermal humification (HTH) of cow manure digestate while varying the initial alkaline content by adding KOH. HTH converted 37.5 wt% of the feedstock to artificial humic acids (A-HAs) found in both solid and liquid, twice that of HTC. HTH reduced phenolic and furanic aromatic compounds by over 70% in solids and 90% in liquids. The A-HAs in HTH resemble natural humic acids (N-HA), based on FTIR, UV–vis spectra, and CHN and XRD analysis. The HTH liquid possesses 60% higher total organic carbon (TOC) than HTC. Although one-third of TOC can be precipitated as A-HA, a high TOC concentration remains in the liquid, which is shown to be mainly organic acids. Therefore, we also evaluated the HTC and HTH liquids for anaerobic biomethane production, and found that compared to the original cow manure digestate, the HTH liquids increased methane yield by 110.3 to 158.6%, a significant enhancement relative to the 17.2% increase seen with HTC liquid. The strong reduction in organic acids during biogas production from HTH liquid indicates the potential for converting soluble byproducts into methane, while maintaining high A-HAs levels in the solid product. Graphical Abstract

In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts, fractions and secondary metabolites of plants of the genus Silene (Caryophylaceae) and Serratula cupuliformis (Asteraceae) to the «entry» of herpes simplex type 2 (HSV‐2) into sensitive cells of the Vero line.Ethanol extracts and butanol fractions of Silene spp. and Serratula cupuliformis were prepared. The flavonoid shaftoside and the ecdysteroid 20‐hydroxyecdysone from Lychnis chalcedonica were isolated. For analysis of biologically active substances (BAS) the HPLC method was used. The samples were dissolved in distilled water or DMSO. The laboratory strain MS HSV‐2 was grown on Vero cell culture. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of the herbal preparations on «entry» of HSV‐2 was performed in Vero cell culture by direct inactivation (neutralisation) of virions with 103 PFU /ml.Effective concentrations (EC50) have been identified in the range of 50 % from 2.12±0.47 to 180.99±49.24 μg/ml when preparations were dissolved in water and from 1.99±0.44 to 57.42±14.74 μg/ml when they were dissolved in DMSO. Such results for some samples is comparable to the EC50 of comparison preparations (dry ethanol extracts of spice of cloves, chaga and licorice root). The results obtained suggest the presence of BAS in the herbal preparations studied that act destructively on HSV‐2 virions and affect one of the main stages of its «life» cycle – the «entry» of the virus into sensitive cells.

Abstract Limited information is available about potential physicochemical changes that can occur in hydrochar post-production, e.g. during drying and storage. Understanding these changes is crucial not just for shaping future research plans, but also for future practical applications. Here we studied the effect of moisture (69.2% and 2.4%) and three storage temperatures (− 18, 4, and 20 °C) over a year on selected organic and inorganic compounds in hydrochar produced from the Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of digested cow manure. Comparison of the control wet hydrochars (WHs) and dry hydrochars (DHs) showed changes in organic compound composition due to drying. Overall, the total amount of the selected organic compounds was notably greater in WH (15.2 g kg−1 DM) compared to DH (11.8 g kg−1 DM), with variations observed in individual compound concentrations. Drying, however, had no significant influence on the identified inorganic compounds. Storage caused significant changes in both WH and DH, particularly in organic compounds after 12 weeks. Sugars (2–sevenfold), acids (36–371%), and aromatics (58–120%) in stored samples at week 52 were significantly higher than their control values. Changes in the inorganic elements (e.g., Co, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Sr, and Zn) occurred faster in WH, with significant differences starting from week 1 compared to their control values, while DH showed fewer changes. Based on these changes in both organic and inorganic content, we recommend the optimal storage conditions for future HTC studies to preserve hydrochar properties. Finally, we discussed potential applications for stored hydrochars, with DH showing greater stability, especially at − 18 °C, making it suitable for various applications. Graphical Abstract

The article substantiates the need for a theoretical analysis of the main historical stages in the field of industrial management. Attention is focused on the military–applied and professionally applied orientation of physical culture, which has been preserved for more than a century, including the present. In connection with the identified shortcomings, it is proposed to increase the number of hours for teaching basic military training in the form of a separate subject in grades 5–11, as was the case in Soviet secondary schools. Also, approval at the legislative level of the introduction of communicative and digital forms of industrial gymnastics in all organizations, regardless of the types of activities and organizational and legal forms of ownership, as it was during the existence of the Soviet Union. A structural unit of educational organizations is a boarding school with a sports profile, 24 hours a day, accepting children from the age of 7 at the expense of budget funding, as was the case in the USSR. This will make it possible to prepare a reserve for the national teams of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the country in aesthetic sports, the specificity of which is early specialization. The resulting socio–economic and political circumstances in the early 1990s prompted the emergence of industry–specific sports management and many innovations. But time shows the need to study the past to avoid shortcomings in the present, to use the positive experience of continuity from the Soviet management of physical culture and sports for its application in modern Russia.

Skin tumors occupy the first place in terms of incidence in the structure of oncological neoplasms. The WHO estimates that 60,000 people die each year from malignant neoplasms of the skin: 48,000 from melanoma and 12,000 from skin cancer. Timely diagnosis of skin cancer makes it possible to achieve a cure for cancer patients with long periods of relapse-free follow-up after the completion of specialized treatment. The introduction of high-tech optical methods for diagnosing skin neoplasms into clinical practice has significantly increased the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of diagnostics. The review is devoted to a discussion of such methods for diagnosing skin neoplasms as fluorescent diagnostics, digital dermatoscopy, SIA-scopy, and confocal microscopy. The features of the application of each of the methods are discussed, the results of the most significant Russian and foreign studies in this field are presented, as well as our own results of the practical application of a number of high-tech optical diagnostic methods at the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Center

Bowen’s disease is a form of non-invasive (in situ) squamous cell skin cancer localized in the non-genital area. Russian and European clinical guidelines include photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the standard of care for patients with Bowen’s disease. In the present review, the efficacy and safety profile of different PDT regimens for Bowen’s disease are analyzed according to the available literature data. PDT can be used to treat large Bowen’s disease lesions localized in areas of the body characterized by severe healing and in cases where surgery is not feasible. Analysis of the results of studies shows that PDT is superior in efficacy and cosmetic results to traditional local treatments such as 5-fluorouracil or cryotherapy. In all analyzed studies in patients with Bowen’s disease, PDT achieved a significant clinical effect. Complete regression of pathologic foci was achieved in 67-100% of patients. In studies evaluating the recurrence rate of Bowen’s disease after PDT, this value ranged from 2-28% with the range of 6-18% in most of the studies. Most often, 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester are used for PDT in Bowen’s disease. According to some researchers, aminolevulinic acid allows to achieve a more long-term positive clinical effect with a lower incidence of painful reactions during treatment

This study presents a new strategy for the production of sustainable manganese fertilizer based on artificial humic substances (AHS). AHS with different manganese concentrations (0‒20%) were synthesized from poplar bark under alkaline conditions via hydrothermal treatment. For the 20% manganese formulation, the interaction of manganese with AHS resulted in reduced solubility (from 25.2% to 12.3% organic carbon) and average molecular weight of humic acids (from 11.6 to 3.9 KDa), indicating preferential binding of the high-molecular-weight fraction. The formulation with 5% of manganese achieved optimal manganese loading without compromising the AHS solubility (19.4%). Structural analyses showed only minor changes in AHS in the presence of manganese, indicating that the main structural fragments of the AHS were preserved. Structural, morphological, and spectroscopic characterizations confirmed the formation of amorphous manganese complexes within the AHS matrix, primarily in the plant-available Mn(II) oxidation state. Plant bioassays showed increased manganese uptake with the application of AHS containing 5% Mn compared to MnCl2 alone (64 mg/kg vs. 40 mg/kg in dry cucumber biomass). Interestingly, unmodified AHS at higher concentrations (50 mg/L) further enhanced manganese (67 mg/kg) and iron (up to 209 mg/kg) uptake, highlighting the potential role of AHS in facilitating metal transport.

Despite progress in the high-pressure synthesis of nanodiamonds from hydrocarbons, the problem of controlled formation of fluorescent impurity centers in them still remains unresolved. In our work, we explore the potential of a new precursor composition, a mixture of adamantane with detonation nanodiamond, both in the synthesis of nanodiamonds and in the controlled formation of negatively charged silicon-vacancy centers in such nanodiamonds. Using different adamantane/detonation nanodiamond weight ratios, a series of samples was synthesized at a pressure of 7.5 GPa in the temperature range of 1200–1500 °C. It was found that temperature around 1350 °C, is optimal for the high-yield synthesis of nanodiamonds

The relevance of this article is due to the constitutional obligation of the state to provide the population with a high level of education. The purpose of the article is to carry out scientific research on the issue of educational digitization in developed countries of the world and to develop a program of educational digitization in Ukraine. The leading research methods are general scientific and specific research methods, including methods of logic, analysis, comparison and more. The results of this study are to outline the real need of modern society in the digitization of education, to determine the legal and organizational basis of such processes in the country, to develop an effective, step-by-step program for the digitization of education in Ukraine. The significance of the obtained results is reflected in the fact that this study can serve as a basis for outlining future changes to the current legislation of Ukraine on the issues of the digitization of education and reformatting the work of the relevant state bodies in the educational sphere.

The article provides an example of successful treatment of a patient with basal cell skin cancer of the lower eyelid of the right eye, stage IB cT2aN0M0, with the presence of concomitant pathology – a decrease in the activity of plasma factor XII of blood coagulation (Hageman disease). The patient’s medical history is associated with long-term ineffective treatment of the tumor with Curaderm ointment. After diagnosis and further examination at the Moscow Research Institute named after. P.A. Herzen, at the Center for Laser and Photodynamic Diagnostics and Therapy of Tumors, the patient underwent organ-preserving treatment using photodynamic therapy. 1 course of photodynamic therapy with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 was carried out. Complete tumor regression was obtained; relapse-free follow-up period was 1 year

Background. Basal cell carcinoma is the most widespread malignant skin neoplasm. Angiogenesis is critical for the growth and metastasis of malignant tumors. Aims. To study the levels of representation of transcripts in the foci of basal cell skin cancer before and after the therapy of genes for angiogenesis proteins and their receptors: angiopoietin 2 ANGPT2, calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha CALCA, epidermal growth factor receptor EGRF, fibroblast growth factor FGF2, intracellular adhesion molecule ICAM1, vascular endothelial growth factor VEGFA and its type 2 receptor VEGFR2, matrix metalloproteinase MMP9, homologue protein of phosphatase and tensin PTEN, tachykinin receptor TAC1, and tumor necrosis factor protein genes TNF. Methods. The study included 31 patients with histologically confirmed basal cell skin cancer who received treatment at the consultative and diagnostic center of the State Research Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology of Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow in the period from 2020 to 2021, using a pulsed dye laser (wavelength — 585 nm) and long-pulsed neodymium laser (wavelength — 1064 nm). The patients provided skin punch biopsies from BCC lesions and after therapy from the same localization. The gene expression was analyzed with real-time reverse transcription PCR using endogeneous control, and the gene expression ration changes during the therapy were calculated according to Livak’s double delta formulae. Results. An increased expression of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 and the tachykinin precursor TAC1 genes were revealed in skin biopsy samples of the superficial form of basal cell skin cancer during laser pulsed therapy. The expression of tumor necrosis factor TNF, epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR, fibroblast growth factor FGF2 genes increases to a lesser extent. The increasing expression of MMP9 and TAC1 genes also established in skin biopsy samples of the nodular form of basal cell skin cancer. It was shown that the expression of the calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha CALCA gene in the skin of patients is at basal level, which makes it possible to exclude the influence of the neuropeptide on the basal cell skin cancer pathogenesis. Despite the bidirectional changes in expression due to individuality of patients, the average values allow to conclude the expression of all the studied genes is increased after pulse laser destruction therapy. This means neoangiogenesis is continued at the skin even after the destruction of basal cell skin cancer lesions. This could be due to the presence of the basal cell carcinoma microenvironment, likely mast cells, at the affected skin area. Conclusions. Among the factors of neoangiogenesis potentially influencing the development of basal cell skin cancer, the leading role of expression of the MMP9 matrix metalloproteinase and TAC1 precursor protein of tachykinin has been shown. Simultaneous changes in the level of these proteins may be due to neuroimmune interactions in the epidermis, which is probably realized by mast cells as the microenvironment of the basal cell carcinoma. In the process of laser destruction, there is also a slightly pronounced increased expression of additional factors of neoangiogenesis.

The paper deals with monitoring results of phytoplankton, zooplankton and zoobenthos of the Sheksna reservoir, lakes Kubenskoye and Vozhe in Vologda Oblast in 2018–2022. The highest biomass of algae was recorded in lake Beloye (10.1 g/m3 ). In other water bodies, the average biomass made up 6.3–7.3 g/m3 . Diatom and cyanobacteria dominated in phytoplankton: diatom number was maximum in the river part of the Sheksna Reservoir, while cyanobacteria – in lake Beloye. Highly abundant Aphanizomenon flos-aquae induced annual water bloom of lake Beloye. Density of zooplankton was the greatest in Vozhe (131 thous. ind./m3 , 3.5 g/m3 ). Similar average biomass of zooplankton was noted in different parts of the Sheksna Reservoir (2.0 g/m3 ). In lake Kubenskoye, biomass reached 0.9 g/m3 . Copepoda formed the base of zooplankton number and cladocera – of biomass. In contrast to lake Vozhe (2.6 g/m2 ), zoobenthos in lake Kubenskoye was highly abundant (7.6 g/m2 ). The average biomass of zoobenthos in the Sheksna Reservoir accounted for 4–5 g/m2 . The dominant complex of zoobenthos included oligochaeta Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Tubifex newaensis, T. tubifex in all water bodies; chironomid larvae Chironomus sp., Procladius sp. – in the open sites; chironomids Endochironomus albipennis, Glyptotendipes gripekoveni, Cricotopus gr. sylvestris – in thickets. Chironomidae dominated in the Sheksna Reservoir and lake Vozhe, oligochaeta – in lake Kubenskoye.

During the studies (2021–2022) of the Sodema River (Vologda Oblast), a total of 125 species and forms of phytoplankton, 74 species of zooplankton and 70 species of zoobenthos were identified. Above the city of Vologda, the riverine phytoplankton was not abundant (0.2 mln cells/l, 0.3 g/m3 ); diatoms dominated. Zooplankton and zoobenthos in the upper river reaches were most diverse. Zooplankton number was very high (7.1 thous. ind./m3 , 0.5 g/m3 ). Upstream, the river was assessed as mesotrophic, clean and β-mesosaprobic. Within the city of Vologda, phytoplankton diversity and abundance of cyanobacteria, euglena and cryptophyte algae increased, while species richness of zooplankton and zoobenthos sharply declined. Zooplankton number was low (0.8 thous. ind./ m3 , 10 mg/m3 ). In zoobenthos, oligochaetes developed en masse. Low reaches of the Sodema were characterized as eutrophic, hypereutrophic and β-α-mesosaprobic. River pollution greatly affected zoobenthos because of pollutants accumulation in soil.

Background. Modern breast cancer chemotherapy regimens (BC) consider individual patient parameters and ranges of cardiotoxic doses. However, clinicians often record clinical and laboratory-instrumental signs of cardio- and vasculotoxicity in patients, which emphasizes the high importance of searching for markers of early toxic response. Aim. To study the characteristics of the response of arterial stiffness on the background of anthracycline-containing chemotherapy to determine potential markers of vasculotoxicity in BC patients. Materials and methods. 20 women with a BC were included. The patients received 4 cycles of chemotherapy in the doxorubicin + cyclophosphane (AC) regimen with an interval of 23 weeks, then they were injected with paclitaxel weekly for 12 injections, or docetaxel once every 3 weeks. All patients underwent TTE, arterial stiffness determination by the "gold standard" method and using volumetric sphygmography before the start of treatment, after the completion of the anthracycline component and after the end of taxanes. Results. The average age of the patients was 45.55.31 years. After completing the course of anthracyclines, there was a significant increase in heart rate (from 65.69.3 to 73.310.1 beats/min.), a decrease in SBP (from 122.69.9 to 116.512.3 mmHg) and DBP (from 78.98.5 to 76.28.6 mmHg), a decrease in carotid femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) (from 9.321.41 to 7.851.57 m/s), CAVI index on the left (from 6.780.81 to 6.50.88), the velocity of the cardio-ankle pulse wave on the right and left (from 6.70.6 to 6.50.7 m/s; from 7.00.6 to 6.30.8 m/sc, respectively). After the completion of the taxane, there was a tendency to increase these indicators, however, they remained significantly lower compared to the values before the start of treatment. Conclusion. A comparative analysis of arterial stiffness indicators at different stages of chemotherapy showed a more pronounced reaction of cfPWV, CAVI, cardio-ankle pulse wave to the administration of anthracyclines, which presumably may be associated with concomitant hemodynamic restructuring.