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El objetivo del presente estudio es examinar el método denominado panel online desde la perspectiva de las ciencias sociales, como un recurso creado para aportar al debate del desarrollo de métodos digitales. Para ello, se ha adoptado la metodología del estudio de caso, examinando la experiencia del Living Lab on Media Content and Platforms (LLMCP), un proyecto de investigación sobre el comportamiento en línea, donde los datos se recopilan a través de la tecnología de web tracking. La recopilación de información se basó en la observación del panel, la lectura del proyecto, el examen de sus sistemas de información y acceso privilegiado a sus miembros. Los resultados permiten considerar el panel online como una técnica de recopilación de datos con potencial para el desarrollo de las ciencias sociales, que puede proporcionar información más detallada sobre el comportamiento en línea.

The Living Lab on Media Content and Platforms (LLMCP) has developed the LLMCP LisPan project, with the objective of studying the habits and behaviors of Internet users, through an innovative online panel of users using web tracking technology. It was possible to analyze overt online behavior for a sample panel of 70 college students, for six months, and to compare this analysis with their answers to a survey, which additionally was carried out. Results confirm extensive Internet use, but with differences between Friday, Saturday and Sunday, compared to the rest of the week, and the existence of periods of differing intensity, throughout the day. Differences between an “online” dimension of Internet use (search and use of online content) and a “connected” dimension (online interaction with other users) have also been found. It has also been possible to conclude that three-quarters of the participants over-report the frequency of their Internet access.

Purpose Information systems (IS) play an important role in contemporary society, but critical questions remain on their potential use and impact on democracy. This study aims to contribute to the discussion on which technology can be adequate to which major challenge of democratic governance, through the identification and pairing of challenges of democratic governance with specific information technologies with the potential to be used in applications related to this challenge. This perspective can be considered positioned in the confluence between IS, political science and public administration. Design/methodology/approach Design science research, a research approach in IS, was used. The suggestion of a conceptual framework with pairs of challenges in democratic governance and information technologies was initially developed. In a subsequent phase, this framework was discussed and assessed through interviews with a panel of selected experts in e-government and IS, reaching a revised conceptual framework. Findings Results suggest that the conceptual pairing of challenges in democratic governance with IS’s solutions such as artificial intelligence, systems integration or blockchain technologies, for instance, if used in a critical, transparent and accountable way, can play a role in capacitating the delivery of better public services and contribute to encouraging citizen trust and political participation. These results may contribute to open a methodological agenda dedicated to the selection of adequate IS resources to address specific challenges of democratic governance, as well as to help in the development of public policies in the area. Originality/value Previous studies on digital government offer important insights on the impact of information and communication technologies-enabled public governance tools for government openness, public service efficiency and user-friendliness, and for citizen political participation and societal mobilization. But the literature still lacks a systematic conceptual framework mapping and assessing the role of distinctive IS instruments in democratic challenge-solving and specifying functional relationships between specific technology and democratic outcomes. This paper aims to contribute to filling this analytical gap.

Internet research requires internet-based research methods and tools. Since the commercial adoption and the rapid expansion of internet use in civil society, social scientists have tried to understand the impact and contribution of this technology in the shaping of contemporary human existence. However, academic research has been based mainly in mature and traditional data collection and analysis methods, previously established, like survey research or social network analysis. Some authors suggest that this trend represents a challenge for the social sciences’ ability to champion innovative methodological resources, underlining the need to create also native digital methods. The authors developed, considering this challenge, an online panel of internet users – a method already used in the market research industry to monitor and characterize audiences and consumer behaviour, but not usually explored in social science academic research. Following a case study approach, the current paper presents the information system and technological infrastructure developed to support this online panel.

Mortensen, Neumayer e Poell exploram, em Social Media Materialities and Protest – Critical Reflections, a relacao entre media sociais e o protesto social e politico. O conceito de media sociais e delimitado e operacionalizado de forma abrangente nesta obra, integrando analises e reflexoes sobre plataformas como o Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Reddit, WeChat ou Sina Weibo mas, tambem, a utilizacao de telemoveis ou de enciclopedias online, por exemplo. A nocao de protesto pode, por sua vez, ser a...

Artigo baseado na comunicacao proferida na CISTI'2019 - 14a Conferencia Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao, realizado na Coimbra Business School - Instituto Superior de Contabilidade e Administracao de Coimbra, CBS-ISCAC, Coimbra, Portugal, 19-22 junho 2019

RESUMO : Este artigo apresenta e discute as premissas e desafios na construcao de um painel online de utilizadores da Internet, com foco na experiencia pioneira do Living Lab on Media Content and Platforms (LLMCP). Ao longo de 2018, o LLMCP desenvolveu uma extensao do Google Chrome capaz de monitorizar, em tempo real, a navegacao dos utilizadores da Internet atraves deste browser – o mais difundido entre os portugueses. Para poder iniciar a recolha de informacao empirica, atraves de um painel online de utilizadores da Internet, o projeto adotou um conjunto de procedimentos teoricos, metodologicos e operativos no desenvolvimento tanto da ferramenta de monitorizacao quanto na captacao de utilizadores disponiveis para a inscricao no painel. A ampla disseminacao de tecnologias de informacao e comunicacao (TIC) tem vindo a modificar a forma como as pessoas vivem em sociedade e como organizam as suas relacoes sociais. Compreender a sociedade de informacao passa pela criacao de tecnologias e procedimentos para investigar essas novas formas de organizacao e estruturacao dos comportamentos dos individuos. Para alem do estudo de caso do LLMCP, este artigo problematiza brevemente o impacto dos metodos assentes na inquiricao, como a entrevista e o questionario, na pesquisa dos comportamentos online. Os resultados apontam para duas linhas de raciocinio. Por um lado, para a ideia de que a adocao em massa de TIC tem vindo a contribuir para a criacao de novas oportunidades, no dominio dos metodos de investigacao em ciencias sociais e humanas. Por outro lado, para a ideia de que as abordagens inovadoras necessitam de enfrentar os receios relacionados com a vigilância e o controlo, que afligem as sociedades hiperconectadas . PALAVRAS - CHAVE : comportamentos; monitorizacao; privacidade; metodos de investigacao em ciencias sociais; Internet . ABSTRACT : This paper presents and discusses the assumptions and challenges for developing an online panel of Internet users, focusing on the pioneering experience of the Living Lab on Media Content and Platforms (LLMCP). Throughout 2018, LLMCP developed a Google Chrome extension able to monitor, in real-time, the navigation of Internet users through this browser - the most widely used by the Portuguese. In order to initiate the collection of empirical information through an online panel of Internet users, the project adopted a set of theoretical, methodological and operational procedures in the development of both the monitoring tool and to attract participants. The dissemination of information and communication technologies (ICT) has been changing the way people live in society and how they organize their social relationships. Understanding that the information society involves the creation of technologies and procedures to investigate these new forms of organization and structuring of individuals' behaviors. In addition to the LLMCP case study, this article briefly discusses the impact of inquiry methods, such as interview and questionnaire, on online behavioral research. The results point two lines of reasoning. On the one hand, to the idea that mass adoption of ICT has contributed to the creation of new opportunities in the field of research methods in the social and human sciences. On the other hand, innovative approaches still need to overcome surveillance and control fears existing in hyper connected societies . KEYWORDS : behaviours; monitoring; privacy; social research methods; Internet .

Mamede, H. S., Santos, V., Faroleiro, P., & Montargil, F. (2017). Uma abordagem metodológica à transformação digital. In F. Moreira, M. Au-Yong-Oliveira, R. Gonçalves, & C. Costa (Eds.), Transformação digital: oportunidades e ameaças para uma competitividade mais inteligente (pp. 29-43). Sílabas & Desafios. publishersversion published

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The rise of the press, radio, television and other mass media has enabled the development of an independent institution: the ‘Fourth Estate’, central to pluralist democratic processes. The growing use of the Internet and related digital technologies is creating a space for networking individuals in ways that enable a new source of accountability in government, politics and other sectors. This chapter explains how this emerging ‘Fifth Estate’ is being established and why this could challenge the influence of other more established bases of institutional authority. It discusses approaches to the governance of this new social and political phenomenon that could nurture the Fifth Estate’s potential for supporting the vitality of liberal democratic societies. The Emergence of a New Pluralist Democratic Institution The historical conception of feudal societies being divided into ‘estates of the realm’, as reflected in France, England and Scotland, can be up-dated in a way that is useful for understanding developments in contemporary network

Dois dos principais objectivos das políticas públicas para a sociedade da informação em Portugal consistem na democraticidade do acesso à Internet e na evolução no sentido de um “Estado aberto”. Estes objectivos, inicialmente expressos no Livro Verde para a Sociedade da Informação em Portugal, em 1997, mantêm, na prática, a sua relevância até à actualidade. Uma avaliação das políticas públicas permite, contudo, questionar a forma como têm vindo a ser atingidos. No que respeita ao acesso, os dados apontam para uma evolução da utilização da Internet com um grande desfasamento face à média dos Estados-membro da União Europeia, a par de uma incapacidade de redução das desigualdades no acesso, em vários grupos sociais, no plano interno. Alguns elementos apoiam adicionalmente a hipótese de que tende a prevalecer, em Portugal, uma perspectiva interna sobre a valorização do retorno para o utilizador. A presença do Estado na Internet parece encontrar-se mais orientada, ainda hoje, de acordo com estes elementos, para a valorização de objectivos internos e de racionalização do funcionamento da administração, do que para as necessidades e as expectativas dos cidadãos. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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No presente artigo é apresentado um quadro conceptual de análise da utilização de tecnologias de informação e comunicação nos processos de participação política. São utilizados, para o efeito, os conceitos de participação electrónica e teleparticipação. O recurso a estes conceitos, articulados com o exercício do direito de voto, cria um espaço a partir do qual é possível caracterizar de forma multidimensional as experiências de utilização de tecnologia na participação política – em que o voto electrónico se localiza. Em seguida, são abordados criticamente os argumentos utilizados com maior frequência na defesa da adopção de sistemas de voto electrónico. Numa terceira parte, são expostas as experiências de voto electrónico realizadas em eleições para órgãos electivos de soberania e as primeiras experiências de voto electrónico levadas a cabo nos congressos nacionais dos partidos políticos, em Portugal. Por fim, na conclusão, é efectuada uma análise das experiências de voto electrónico realizadas em Portugal, tendo por referência o quadro conceptual adoptado e exposto inicialmente. São, adicionalmente, enunciados e debatidos alguns elementos considerados relevantes para a continuação das experiências de voto electrónico e, mais importante ainda, para a utilização de tecnologias de informação e comunicação nos processos de tomada de decisões políticas. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Biografia de Miguel Luís Kolbach da Veiga, advogado e militante histórico do PPD/PSD. info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion

Artigo baseado na comunicação proferida na 15th European Conference on e-Learning - ECEL 2016, realizado em Prague (Charles University), Czech Republic, 27-28 October 2016 New media and social network sites (SNSs) currently play an important role in our society and in our daily practices (Boyd and Ellison 2008; Lister et al 2009; Watkins 2009; Papacharissi 2011). This necessarily affects the way we learn together, as explored in research spanning several areas. Regarding higher education, Facebook has an increasingly prominent position and is more widely investigated as an instructional tool in the college classroom than most SNSs (Tess 2013). From the perspective of teaching and learning, the Web 2.0 is seen as an enabler of a vision in which the student will find information potentially contradicting the knowledge acquired through the traditional formal learning process (Santos 2009). This feature leads to a continuous discussion of the facts, topics and subjects having an awareness of a common range of formal established knowledge shared in a given community and, at the same time, the joint reflection and debate within this same community. This new reality, in which the roles of the teacher and the student (or the roles of who teaches and who learns) become fuzzy, difficult to distinguish clearly, also brings the need for new ways to understand, describe, and explain the learning process and the ways in which it develops. In this paper we use the concept of social e-learning (Martins et al. 2012), building on the connectivist perspective (Siemens 2004, 2006, 2008). Social e-learning can be considered as a learning process whereby the Internet represents a space for participation, sharing, and collaboration, with new opportunities to create, share content, and interact with others (Bennett 2012) – an open door to build more open and flexible knowledge, where students build and rebuild their own path. A concrete format for its implementation is proposed and a genuine experience is presented and discussed. The social e-learning model presented in this article has been successfully applied in a training course in the field of business communication, held by Citeforma. Citeforma is a Portuguese vocational training centre, jointly managed by SITESE (a services workers and technicians union) and IEFP (the Portuguese Institute for Employment and Vocational Training). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

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Artigo baseado na comunicação proferida na 17th European Conference on Digital Government - ECDG 2017, realizado em Lisboa (Academia Militar), Portugal, 12-13 junho de 2017 This paper presents the emerging concept and reality of Citizen Observatories (COs). We offer a brief overview of its opportunities and its areas of application and discuss some central elements of the first generation of Citizen Observatories pilot projects’ funded by the European Union, between 2012 and 2016, in what regards communication with citizens. The concept of CO implies, according to the existing definitions, an open and shared information system dedicated to the collection of data on the environment and natural resources, using ICT, and the volunteer participation of individuals in data collection. The EU has adopted a more specific concept of CO in the projects funded, so that the resulting information complements existing earth observation systems (including the European Copernicus satellite program). In the 2012 In the 2012—2016 period five CO projects have been funded by the EU, covering different areas: natural waters monitoring, odour monitoring, air quality monitoring, flood risk management and a platform for citizen science surveys. These COs allowed to develop and test the concept’s implementation. According to our analysis, we can identify different communication strategies with citizens, in these projects, ranging from all-inclusive strategies (using websites, Android and IOS apps, both to collect and disseminate information) to more focused communication strategies. Besides this, awareness is also a critical issue for COs, since they need to attract a relevant number of citizens in order to justify their existence and to thrive. Most projects make extensive use of social networking sites (SNS), including Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, Google+ and Slideshare. Despite this use, however, it cannot yet be considered that COs reach a vast number of citizens. Rather, the number of citizens involved was very limited, in the first generation of pilot projects. But societal challenges may assume a more relevant role in the following stages, with the projects that will be developed between 2016 and 2020. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Santos, V., Mamede, H. S., Faroleiro, P., Montargil, F., & Evans, A. M. (2017). Transformação digital no ensino e formação. In F. Moreira, M. Au-Yong-Oliveira, R. Gonçalves, & C. Costa (Eds.), Transformação digital: oportunidades e ameaças para uma competitividade mais inteligente (pp. 95-109). Sílabas & Desafios. publishersversion published

Biografia de Vasco Navarro da Graça Moura, advogado, escritor, tradutor, militante histórico do PPD/PSD e secretário de Estado em dois governos provisórios. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

História do Partido Popular Democrático (PPD), partido politico português com um papel fulcral na institucionalização do regime democrático, constituído no período imediatamente posterior ao 25 de abril. info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion

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Biografia de Marcelo Nuno Duarte Rebelo de Sousa, jurista, professor, jornalista, militante histórico e dirigente do PPD/PSD, secretário de estado e ministro. info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion

Biografia de José Manuel Menéres Sampaio Pimentel, magistrado, advogado, militante do PPD/PSD, deputado, ministro e Provedor de Justiça. info:eu-repo/semantics/submittedVersion

As tecnologias da informação e comunicação estão a tornar-se num instrumento importante, não só na melhoria da qualidade de vida dos cidadãos, mas também no reforço da democracia. O grande desafio está em garantir o acesso universal, aumentar a literacia e garantir a confiança para que todos beneficiem deste potencial tecnológico. A democracia electrónica vai muito para além da votação e disponibilização de informação sobre os candidatos através da Internet: trata-se de uma nova forma de fazer com que o cidadão comum participe em discussões e interacções com os poderes políticos, fazendo chegar a sua voz, não apenas durante as campanhas eleitorais, mas também nos períodos intercalares e a propósito dos problemas da sua vida quotidiana. Pretende-se, com este estudo, analisar as oportunidades e constrangimentos da utilização dos meios da sociedade da informação no exercício da cidadania activa. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion