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The escape from cultivation of Ficus microcarpa (Moraceae, Magnoliopsida) in Algeria is here reported. Several localities where the species reproduces from seeds have been discovered recently in northeastern Algeria. A map of its current distribution in the study area is provided. The species colonizes mainly urban habitats (walls, balconies and sidewalks) but its propagation in the natural environment is being facilitated by birds that disseminate the seeds over long distances. Ficus microcarpa can be considered as in the process of naturalization in Algeria. An updated key to species of the genus Ficus in Algeria is provided.

The taxonomy of Carex section Ammoglochin is complex due to the faint morphological species boundaries and overlapping ecological niches. This study focusses on species boundaries within the C. arenaria complex, in particular C. arenaria, C. brizoides and C. pseudobrizoides. Carex pseudobrizoides is morphologically very similar to C. arenaria, but also shares some features with C. brizoides, which has sometimes led to the assumption of a hybridogenic origin. We studied the morphology, ecology and distribution of these species in Flanders, and combined this with DNA sequence data (plastid encoded matK and nuclear rDNA ITS) from a large number of specimens. Our results do not provide evidence for a hybridogenic origin of C. pseudobrizoides (although it cannot be rejected either), but instead indicate possible conspecificity or a very recent divergence of C. pseudobrizoides and C. arenaria, which remains undetected by the two genetic markers that were used. Although there are still outstanding questions, our results further improve our understanding of species boundaries in this species complex in Europe, and highlight the need for further investigations using more variable molecular markers.

Background and Aims Artemisia is a mega-diverse genus consisting of ~400 species. Despite its medicinal importance and ecological significance, a well-resolved phylogeny for global Artemisia, a natural generic delimitation and infrageneric taxonomy remain missing, owing to the obstructions from limited taxon sampling and insufficient information on DNA markers. Its morphological characters, such as capitulum, life form and leaf, show marked variations and are widely used in its infrageneric taxonomy. However, their evolution within Artemisia is poorly understood. Here, we aimed to reconstruct a well-resolved phylogeny for global Artemisia via a phylogenomic approach, to infer the evolutionary patterns of its key morphological characters and to update its circumscription and infrageneric taxonomy. Methods We sampled 228 species (258 samples) of Artemisia and its allies from both fresh and herbarium collections, covering all the subgenera and its main geographical areas, and conducted a phylogenomic analysis based on nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained from genome skimming data. Based on the phylogenetic framework, we inferred the possible evolutionary patterns of six key morphological characters widely used in its previous taxonomy. Key Results The genus Kaschgaria was revealed to be nested in Artemisia with strong support. A well-resolved phylogeny of Artemisia consisting of eight highly supported clades was recovered, two of which were identified for the first time. Most of the previously recognized subgenera were not supported as monophyletic. Evolutionary inferences based on the six morphological characters showed that different states of these characters originated independently more than once. Conclusions The circumscription of Artemisia is enlarged to include the genus Kaschgaria. The morphological characters traditionally used for the infrageneric taxonomy of Artemisia do not match the new phylogenetic tree. They experienced a more complex evolutionary history than previously thought. We propose a revised infrageneric taxonomy of the newly circumscribed Artemisia, with eight recognized subgenera to accommodate the new results., This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 31870179, 31570204, 31270237 and J1310002), the International Partnership Program (grant no. 151853KYSB20190027), Sino-Africa Joint Research Center (grant no. SAJC201614), Key technology projects of Jiangxi Province's major scientific and technological research and development project (grant no. 20223AAF01007), Survey of Wildlife Resources in Key Areas of Tibet (grant no. ZL202203601) and National Plant Specimen Resource Center (grant no. E0117G1001) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Project at Central Government Level: The Ability Establishment of Sustainable Use of Valuable Chinese Medicine Resources (grant no. 2060302) and Project of the Central Siberian Botanical Garden of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (grant no. AAAA-A21-121011290024-5)., INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS DISCUSSION Conclusions SUPPLEMENTARY DATA FUNDING ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS CONFLICT OF INTEREST LITERATURE CITED Supplementary data

The first occurrence of Sporobolus indicus in Hungary is reported. The neotropical S. indicus is one of the oldest introduced neophytes to Europe. From the middle of the 19th century until the last decade of the 20th century, apart from a few occasional occurrences, it expanded only in the Mediterranean area. However, the number of observations has dramatically increased in the past two decades, even outside the Mediterranean region. Its recent rapid spread is evident along roads, on lawns and in tourist places subject to trampling (e.g., campsites). Tourism certainly contributes to the very successful recent diffusion of the species. Still, global warming, including the increasingly mild winters in continental Europe, can certainly enhance the establishment and further dispersal of this cold sensitive species.

Mapanoioideae are one of two subfamilies of Cyperaceae and consist of 186 species. Molecular phylogenetic relationships in subfamily Cyperoideae have recently been studied well, whereas evolutionary relationships in Mapanioideae remain little known. Subfamily Mapanioideae include two tribes. This study focuses on Hypolytreae, which is represented by three genera in Africa (Hypolytrum, Mapania and Principina). In this paper, we present the first molecular phylogenetic study of African Hypolytreae using a Sanger sequencing approach. We aim to (1) test whether Hypolytrum, Mapania and Principina are reciprocally monophyletic; (2) investigate whether the morphologically based sections in Hypolytrum and Mapania represent monophyletic taxa; (3) resolve species delimitation where multiple accessions could be sequenced and (4) explore the relationships of species occurring in West Tropical Africa vs. Central Africa. Our phylogenetic analyses strongly support Mapania and Hypolytrum as separate genera, but Principina is nested in Hypolytrum. This result is consistent with morphological differences. Mapania spp. are obligate rainforest species, but our results show that species from West Tropical Africa and species from Central Africa do not form separate clades. Dispersal between these regions may have happened during interglacial periods when the rainforest was continuous.

Senecio brasiliensis (Spreng.) Less., native to South America (Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Bolivia and Argentina), is reported for the first time as a naturalized alien species from Europe (near Porto; Portugal). The species? taxonomy and nomenclature were analysed based on literature data. Its ecology, habitat, biology and possible vector of introduction are discussed. As a necessary step towards a risk assessment, the suitability of European climates for the species? settlement was analysed. Fourteen countries with suitable climatic conditions appeared in all our models: Albania, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, France, Greece, Italy, Macedonia, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and the United Kingdom (England). Given the ecological characteristics of the species and the climatic features of the areas analysed, it is concluded that S. brasiliensis exhibits a great potential to become an invasive alien in Europe. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-09T18:00:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Artigo-Senecio-brasiliensis.pdf: 3995505 bytes, checksum: 61454f1c2b0652c2ceca2b1bb57aa09c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Publisher Copyright: © This dataset is made available under the Open Database License (http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/). The Open Database License (ODbL) is a license agreement intended to allow users to freely share, modify, and use this Dataset while maintaining this same freedom for others, provided that the original source and author(s) are credited In this contribution, new data concerning the distribution of vascular flora alien to Italy are presented. It includes new records, confirmations, exclusions, and status changes for Italy or for Italian administrative regions. Nomenclatural and distribution updates published elsewhere are provided as Suppl. material 1.

Cynosurus peltieri (Poaceae) is a very poorly known species only occurring in Algeria and Tunisia. A morphological description, together with its distribution and habitat, taxonomy, and IUCN Red List assessment are provided in the present paper. Photographic illustrations of the species comparing it with the similar Cynosurus polybracteatus, together with an updated diagnostic key to the Cynosurus species in North Africa, are also provided. In addition, the name is lectotypified on a specimen preserved at MPU, with isolectotypes preserved at P and BC.

Bulbostylis viridecarinata (De Wild.) Goetgh. is a widespread species occurring in many parts of Tropical Africa. Bulbostylis tisserantii Cherm. was synonymized with this species but based on numerous morphological differences this species should be re-instated at species rank. It is only known from three collections, all originating in the southern part of the Central African Republic. Descriptions and conservation status for both species are provided and their main distinguishing features are opposed and illustrated. Lectotypes are designated for Bulbostylis fasciculata Cherm. and Fimbristylis tisserantii Cherm.

espanolOpuntia spinulifera y O. streptacantha son citadas por primera vez para Espana. Ambas especies estan mas o menos naturalizadas en localidades dispersas de Ayamonte (provincia de Huelva, SW Espana) donde se confundieron previamente con O. huajuapensis . Las referencias de esta ultima de otras regiones espanolas se muestran tambien erroneas. Estas tres especies, asi como O. leucotricha , aparentemente han sido confundidas. Se discuten las caracteristicas diferenciales utiles para su separacion y se ilustran las especies presentes en Espana. EnglishOpuntia spinulifera and O. streptacantha are reported for the first time from Spain. Both are more or less naturalized in scattered localities in Ayamonte (province of Huelva, SW Spain) where they were previously confused with O. huajuapensis . Claims of the latter from other Spanish regions are shown to be also erroneous. These three species, as well as O. leucotricha , have apparently been confused. Distinguishing features useful for their separation are discussed and the species that are present in Spain are illustrated.

A cryptic invader of the genus Persicaria has recently increased in the damper, northern parts of La Palma and Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands (Spain) and locally behaves as an invasive species. Examination of historical herbarium specimens showed this species to be present in Gran Canaria since the 1960s and the same probably applies to La Palma. Up to now, this species had been assigned to the Old World weed P. maculosa. However, morphologically, these plants clearly correspond with P. hydropiperoides, a common and widespread weed native to the New World, and indeed morphologically similar to P. maculosa. Diagnostic features for these two species, as well as for another similar species (P. decipiens, originally described from the Canary Islands), are compared, thoroughly discussed, and copiously illustrated. The current distribution, ecology, and naturalization status of P. hydropiperoides in the Canary Islands are also assessed. The variability of P. hydropiperoides is discussed, more precisely the taxonomic position of a southern ‘race’ of it that is sometimes referred to as a distinct species, P. persicarioides, and to which the Canarian plants belong. The taxonomic value of the latter appears to be clear, although at a lower level. A new combination, at varietal rank, is proposed and validated. In addition to our morphology-based study, a molecular phylogenetic analysis has been conducted on the nuclear ITS region and the plastid DNA region trnL-F.

Some taxonomically critical and poorly known taxa from the order Caryophyllales are discussed. Both molecular and morphological data suggest that the chorologically distant populations of Tribuloca...

Despite the increasing number of invasive species, protocols devoted to assess the feasibility (i.e., probability of success or failure) of management actions in the field are scarce, yet success depends on a broad scope of issues beyond the biology of species and the ecosystem to be managed. In this paper we make a retrospective analysis of 90 actions and management proposals developed in Andalusia (southern Spain) in 2004 to 2018. Actions included 59 terrestrial and aquatic taxa. We identified items that in case of deficiency were responsible for either the rejection of action proposals (n = 44) or failure of implemented actions for which the goal was not achieved (n = 22). The most frequent deficiencies included the absence of funding during the necessary time to achieve the goals, the risk of reinvasion and an insufficient removal rate to achieve the specific objective. Based on the deficiencies found, we built a comprehensive, broad-scope compliance checklist to assist decision-makers to identify deficiencies before action. In addition, implemented actions for which the goal was achieved (n = 24) were used for validating the checklist. The checklist contains 40 items related to IAS features, administrative features, methodology effectiveness, efficiency and impacts of the action, and invaded ecosystem features. The checklist is valid across all taxa and habitats. The use of this checklist will help reduce the degree of arbitrariness and subjectivity of actions aimed at managing IAS, and a more efficient use of resources.

The Eurasian species Artemisia vulgaris L. has been reported from the Eastern Cape Province (Stutterheim District) in South Africa since at least half a century. However, examination of relevant herbarium specimens has demonstrated that the South African plant material belongs to a morphologically similar East Asian species, A. verlotiorum. It is included in the South African Alien and Invasive Species Lists as a prohibited species absent in the country. However, judging from available data, in South Africa it has become a locally naturalised weed of cultivated land and apparently is difficult to eradicate. A. verlotiorum indeed is a pernicious weed in many regions of the world, appearing to be much more invasive than A. vulgaris, especially in warm-temperate and subtropical climates. Characteristics useful for distinguishing these two species are provided.

Recent fieldwork in Tunisia yielded several new records of non-native species of the genus Agave. Agave angustifolia var. marginata, A. fourcroydes and A. sisalana are locally naturalised and reported for the first time from the country. To our knowledge, naturalised populations of these three taxa were also unknown elsewhere in the Maghreb and North Africa. We also draw attention to A. attenuata subsp. attenuata, a widely grown ornamental that is expected to become naturalised in the near future. Updated nomenclature, brief descriptions, as well as general and national distributions are provided for each of the naturalised Agaves. A key to all the species, subspecies, and varieties of Agave that occur in Tunisia is presented, and all the taxa are illustrated.

Aim: Humans influence species distributions by modifying the environment and by dispersing species beyond their natural ranges. Populations of species that have established in disjunct regions of the world may exhibit trait differentiation from native populations due to founder effects and adaptations to selection pressures in each distributional region. We compared multiple native, expansive and introduced populations of a single species across the world, considering the influence of environmental stressors and transgenerational effects. Location: United States Gulf and Atlantic coasts, United States interior, European Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts, east coast of Australia. Taxon: Baccharis halimifolia L. (eastern baccharis). Methods: We monitored seed germination, seedling emergence, survival and early growth in a common garden experiment, conducted with over 18,200 seeds from 80 populations. We also evaluated the influence of environmental stress and maternal traits on progeny performance. Results: Introduced European Atlantic populations had faster germination and early growth than native populations. However, this was not the case for the more recently naturalized European Mediterranean populations. Introduced Australian populations grew faster than native populations in non-saline environments but had lower survival in saline conditions commonly encountered in the native range. Similarly, expansive inland US populations germinated faster than coastal native populations in non-saline environments but grew and germinated more slowly in saline environments. Maternal inflorescence and plant size were positively related with seed germination and seedling survival, whereas flower abundance was positively correlated with seedling early growth and survival. However, maternal traits explained a much lower fraction of the total variation in early demographic stages of B. halimifolia than did distributional range. Main conclusions: Phenotypic differentiation could allow B. halimifolia to adapt to different biotic and abiotic selection pressures found in each distributional range, potentially contributing to its success in introduced and expansive ranges.

ispartof: BIOINVASIONS RECORDS vol:9 issue:4 pages:685-701 status: published

Cyperus permacer sensu C.B. Clarke is not the same as C. permacer sensu Hooper in Flora of West Tropical Africa. A thorough study of herbarium specimens proved the latter to be a mere variety of C. tenuiculmis Boeckeler. The taxonomic identity of C. permacer itself is also unclear, the holotype being a poor specimen. It possibly is only a depauperate form of C. dilatatus Schumach.

Species checklists are a crucial source of information for research and policy. Unfortunately, many traditional species checklists vary wildly in their content, format, availability and maintenance. The fact that these are not open, findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR) severely hampers fast and efficient information flow to policy and decision-making that are required to tackle the current biodiversity crisis. Here, we propose a reproducible, semi-automated workflow to transform traditional checklist data into a FAIR and open species registry. We showcase our workflow by applying it to the publication of the Manual of Alien Plants, a species checklist specifically developed for the Tracking Invasive Alien Species (TrIAS) project. Our approach combines source data management, reproducible data transformation to Darwin Core using R, version control, data documentation and publication to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). This checklist publication workflow is openly available for data holders and applicable to species registries varying in thematic, taxonomic or geographical scope and could serve as an important tool to open up research and strengthen environmental decision-making.

Artemisia umbrosa, initially described as A. vulgaris var. umbrosa, is an East Asian species that has been introduced and is now locally naturalized in some European countries. It has a complicated nomenclatural and taxonomic history. The name Artemisia umbrosa has been misapplied to related taxa of Artemisia sect. Artemisia, including A. verlotiorum, and several other names were erroneously applied to that taxon. The authorship of the species was variously cited in earlier literature (as "Turcz. ex DC.", "Turcz. ex Besser", "(Besser) Turcz. ex DC.", "(Turcz. ex DC.) Pamp.", "(Turcz. ex Besser) Pamp.", etc.). We demonstrate here that the basionym A. vulgaris var. umbrosa was first validated in 1832 (not 1834) by Besser. The species-rank combination A. umbrosa was validated not by Pampanini in 1930 but by Verlot in 1875, and thus the proper authorship citation of the name is A. umbrosa (Turcz. ex Besser) Turcz. ex Verlot. Despite the fact that Verlot misapplied the name A. umbrosa to the species later described as A. verlotiorum, his combination is valid and legitimate. Some other names misapplied to A. umbrosa are briefly considered (such as A. codonocephala auct. non Diels, A. dubia auct. non Wall. ex Besser, A. lavandulifolia auct. non DC., nom. illeg., etc.). The lectotype and other available original specimens of A. umbrosa (especially those from the Turczaninow and Besser historical herbaria at KW) are discussed. A brief overview of records of A. umbrosa (reported under several names) in Eastern Europe is provided. Східноазійський вид Artemisia umbrosa (описаний як A. vulgaris var. umbrosa), який також відомий як занесений та натуралізований у деяких європейських країнах, має складну номенклатурну і таксономічну історію. Цю назву неправильно застосовували до споріднених таксонів Artemisia sect. Artemisia, включаючи A. verlotiorum, а декілька інших назв також помилково застосовувалися до цього таксона. Авторство виду A. umbrosa наводилося у літературі по-різному ("Turcz. ex DC.", "Turcz. ex Besser", "(Besser) Turcz. ex DC", "(Turcz. ex DC.) Pamp.", "(Turcz. ex Besser) Pamp." тощо). Ми показали, що базіонім A. vulgaris var. umbrosa був опублікований Бессером у 1832 р. (а не у 1834 р.). Комбінація видового рангу A. umbrosa була дійсно оприлюднена не Пампаніні у 1930 році, а Верло у 1875 році; таким чином, правильне цитування авторства цієї назви – A. umbrosa (Turcz. ex Besser) Turcz. ex Verlot. Незважаючи на те, що Верло невірно застосував назву A. umbrosa до виду, який згодом був описаний як A. verlotiorum, його комбінація є валідною та законною. Стисло розглянуті деякі інші назви, які були неправильно застосовані до A. umbrosa (наприклад, A. codonocephala auct. non Diels, A. dubia auct. non Wall. ex Besser, A. lavandulifolia auct. non DC., nom. illeg., тощо). Обговорюються лектотип та інші оригінальні зразки A. umbrosa (особливо з історичних гербарних колекцій Турчанінова та Бессера, KW). Надано стислий огляд флористичних вказівок A. umbrosa у Східній Європі, де вид наводився під кількома назвами. Восточноазиатский вид Artemisia umbrosa (описан как A. vulgaris var. umbrosa), который также известен как заносный и натурализовавшийся в некоторых европейских странах, имеет сложную номенклатурную и таксономическую историю. Это название неправильно применяли к родственным таксонам Artemisia sect. Artemisia, включая A. verlotiorum, а несколько других названий также ошибочно применялись к этому таксону. Авторство вида A. umbrosa приводилось в литературе по-разному ("Turcz. ex DC.", "Turcz. ex Besser", "(Besser) Turcz. ex DC", "(Turcz. ex DC.) Pamp.", " (Turcz. ex Besser) Pamp." и т. д.). Мы показали, что базионим A. vulgaris var. umbrosa был опубликован Бессером в 1832 г. (а не в 1834 г.). Комбинация видового ранга A. umbrosa была действительно обнародована не Пампанини в 1930 г., а Верло в 1875 г.; таким образом, правильное цитирование авторства этого названия – A. umbrosa (Turcz. ex Besser) Turcz. ex Verlot. Несмотря на то, что Верло неверно применил название A. umbrosa к виду, который позднее был описан как A. verlotiorum, его комбинация валидна и законна. Кратко рассмотрены некоторые другие названия, которые неправильно применялись по отношению к A. umbrosa (например, A. codonocephala auct. non Diels, A. dubia auct. non Wall. ex Besser, A. lavandulifolia auct. non DC., nom. illeg., и др.). Обсуждены лектотип и другие оригинальные образцы A. umbrosa (особенно из исторических гербарных коллекций Турчанинова и Бессера, KW). Представлен краткий обзор флористических указаний A. umbrosa в Восточной Европе, где вид приводился под несколькими названиями.