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Introduction: Mucoceles are cysts of mucous content that affect the paranasal sinuses. Currently, nasosinusal endoscopic marsupialization is considered the first choice surgical approach. Objective: To report the case of a patient who developed frontoethmoidal mucocele after an episode of trauma. Case report: A 17-year-old patient was referred to our service due to a history of bulging in the frontal and periorbital region on the left, after local trauma caused by an object, evolving with frontal headache, left nasal pain, clear rhinorrhea, decreased visual acuity, hyposmia and lesion volume increase over 4 years. At the exam physical bulging was observed in the nasal dorsum and proptosis on the left. An otorhinolaryngological investigation was made, being submitted to tomography of the facial sinuses, which presented left septal deviation, heterogeneous expansive formation of contours, lobulated cells occupying frontal sinus and ethmoid cells on the left, determining bulging and bone remodeling, in addition to insinuation of injury to the periorbital region with extrinsic compression on the left eyeball, deviating it laterally, a case suggestive of frontoethmoidal mucocele. Septoplasty, marsupialization of left frontoethmoidal mucocele, maxillary antrostomy and sphenoid sinusotomy left. Patient reassessed after the surgical procedure, showing evolution satisfactory. Conclusion: The reported case brings to light the diagnostic discussion of mucocele frontoethmoidal and evidences that the surgical therapy is able to obtain results satisfactory with regard to symptomatic relief and improvement in quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, we evaluated the activity of extracts and (-)mammea A/BB from the leaves of Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. (Clusiaceae), against Leishmania braziliensis. The dichloromethane extract and the coumarin (-)mammea A/BB showed significant activity against the promastigote forms of L. braziliensis, with a 50% lethal dose (LD50) at concentrations of 60 and 23.2 μ g/mL, respectively. However, the aqueous extract from the leaves and amentoflavone showed no activity against promastigote forms. For the intracellular amastigote form, the dichloromethane extract and the coumarin (-)mammea A/BB reduced by 50% the infection index of parasites in macrophages at concentrations of 22 and 29 μ g/mL, respectively. In addition, the dichloromethane extract did not show cytotoxic effects against mouse peritoneal macrophages at concentration up to 1000 μ g/mL. On the other hand, the coumarin (-)mammea A/BB showed more cytotoxicity than the dichloromethane extract. The compounds were characterized by one and two-dimensional 1H and 13C NMR analyses, and LC/UV/MS was used to identify (-)mammea A/BB and amentoflavone in the dichloromethane extract. These results provide new perspectives on the development of novel drugs with leishmanicidal activities obtained from natural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The novel 1,5-diaryl-1,4-pentadien-3-one derivatives were studied for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential to establish their role in pain, inflammatory disorders and cancer., Materials and Methods: Two 1,5- diaryl-1,4-pentadien-3-one derivatives: (1E,4E)- 5-(4-fluoro phenyl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)- 2-methylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one (A2K2A17) and (1E,4E)-5-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-ethylhexa-1,4-dien-3-one (A11K3A11) were synthesized and characterized via 1H NMR and 13C NMR techniques. Molecular docking, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anticancer activities were performed using Auto Doc Vina, carrageenan mediated paw edema and formalin induced chronic inflammation, acetic acid induced writhings and hotplate assay and brine-shrimp lethality assay., Results: A2K2A17 and A11K3A11 showed high computational affinities (binding energy > -9.0 Kcal/mol) against COX-1, kappa receptor and braf kinase domain. A2K2A17 and A11K3A11 exhibited moderate docking affinities (binding energy > -8.0 Kcal/mol) against COX-2, human capsaicin receptor, tumor necrosis factor, lipoxygenase, colony stimulating factor, delta receptor, cyclin dependent protein kinase-2, mitogen activated kinase, mu receptor and kit kinase domain. A2K2A17 and A11K3A11 possess low docking affinities (binding energy > -7.0 Kcal/mol) against purinoceptor, platelets-derived growth Factor-1 and vascular-endothelial growth factor. In analgesic activity, A2K2A17 (1-30 mg/kg) and A11K3A11 (1-10 mg/kg) decreased acetic acid induced writhes and prolonged the latency time ( P <0.01, P <0.001 vs saline group) respectively. A2K2A17 (10-30 mg/kg) and A11K3A11 (1-10 mg/kg) reduced carrageenan as well as formalin mediated edema ( P <0.01, P <0.001). A2K2A17 found effective for cytotoxicity assay with LC 50 value 1.5 µg/ml., Conclusion: The in silico , in vitro and in vivo studies on A2K2A17 and A11K3A11 reports their computational binding affinities against targets as well as the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and the anticancer effects., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

From an endophytic strain of Gliocladium sp. isolated from the Amazonian plant Strychnos cf. toxifera, we obtained the diketopiperazine alkaloid cyclo-(glycyl-L-tyrosyl)-4,4-dimethylallyl ether (1), the steroids ergosterol (2), ergosterol peroxide (3), cerevisterol (4) and the citric acid (5). The AcOEt extract of the fermented broth by Gliocladium sp. showed potent activity against the cancer cell lines MDA-MB435 (human breast cancer cells), HCT-8 (human colorectal cancer cells) and SF-295 (human glioblastoma cancer cells). Compound 1 exhibited a strong antimicrobial activity against Micrococcus luteus at a concentration of 43.4 µM.

The fungal genus Trichoderma has various applications in industry and in medicine, and several species have economic importance as sources of enzymes, antibiotics, plant growth promoters, decomposers of xenobiotics, and as commercial biofungicides. Peptaibiotics and peptaibols are a class of linear peptides synthesized by such fungi, and more than 300 have been described to date. Of this class, those compounds exhibiting antimicrobial activity are referred to as antibiotic peptides. In this review, the biosynthesis, fermentation, structure elucidation (by MS and NMR techniques in particular) and biological activity of antibiotic peptides from Trichoderma species are described.