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In this work, we investigate the forward current-voltage characteristics of p-type Ti/Au/Al0.29Ga0.71As Schottky diode, which were measured over a range of temperatures from 260 to 400 K. The experimental current-voltage characteristics are used to extract the Schottky diode main electrical parameters such as ideality factor, saturation current, height barrier, and series resistance. The parameters extraction has been reached using the best-so-far Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm. ABC is an optimization technique, which is used in finding the best solution from all feasible solutions. The efficiency of this method has been assessed using current-voltage characteristics obtained over wide range of temperatures. The accuracy of the best-so-far ABC algorithm is compared to two well-known analytical methods called Cheung and standard. Extracted diode parameters from different methods show that best results are obtained by the suggested method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pure zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films, along with manganese (Mn) doped counterparts, were produced using rapid thermal evaporation technique on ordinary glass substrates. Postannealing treatments resulted in the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structures in the deposited layers. The Raman results unveiled the presence of A1(LO) and LVM vibration modes in each sample that were doped. Interestingly, the undoped sample lacked the LVM mode while showcasing the emergence of LA + TO combined phonons. Employing a novel approach reliant on the Dragonfly Algorithm, optical parameters were extracted, revealing a drop in the bandgap energy of the films from 3.95 eV to 3.79 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first results of the study of high-energy electron neutrino (ν_{e}) and muon neutrino (ν_{μ}) charged-current interactions in the FASERν emulsion-tungsten detector of the FASER experiment at the LHC are presented. A 128.8 kg subset of the FASERν volume was analyzed after exposure to 9.5  fb^{-1} of sqrt[s]=13.6  TeV pp data. Four (eight) ν_{e} (ν_{μ}) interaction candidate events are observed with a statistical significance of 5.2σ (5.7σ). This is the first direct observation of ν_{e} interactions at a particle collider and includes the highest-energy ν_{e} and ν_{μ} ever detected from an artificial source. The interaction cross section per nucleon σ/E_{ν} is measured over an energy range of 560-1740 GeV (520-1760 GeV) for ν_{e} (ν_{μ}) to be (1.2_{-0.7}^{+0.8})×10^{-38}  cm^{2} GeV^{-1} [(0.5±0.2)×10^{-38}  cm^{2} GeV^{-1}], consistent with standard model predictions. These are the first measurements of neutrino interaction cross sections in those energy ranges.