Search

Background Long‐term prognosis of acute pulmonary edema ( APE ) remains ill defined. Methods and Results We evaluated demographic, echocardiographic, and angiographic data of 806 consecutive patients with APE with ( CAD ) and without coronary artery disease (non‐ CAD ) admitted from 2000 to 2010. Differences between hospital and long‐term mortality and its predictors were also assessed. CAD patients (n=638) were older and had higher incidence of diabetes and peripheral vascular disease than non‐ CAD (n=168), and lower ejection fraction. Hospital mortality was similar in both groups (26.5% vs 31.5%; P =0.169) but APE recurrence was higher in CAD patients (17.3% vs 6.5%; P APE , and need for inotropics or endotracheal intubation were the main independent predictors of hospital mortality. In contrast, overall mortality (70.0% vs 57.1%; P =0.002) and readmission for nonfatal heart failure after a 45‐month follow‐up (10–140; 17.3% vs 7.6%; P =0.009) were higher in CAD than in non‐ CAD patients. Age, peripheral vascular disease, and peak creatine kinase MB during index hospitalization, but not ejection fraction, were the main independent predictors of overall mortality, whereas coronary revascularization or valvular surgery were protective. These interventions were mostly performed during hospitalization index (294 of 307; 96%) and not intervened patients showed a higher risk profile. Conclusions Long‐term mortality in APE is high and higher in CAD than in non‐ CAD patients. Considering the different in‐hospital and long‐term mortality predictors herein described, which do not necessarily involve systolic function, it is conceivable that a more aggressive interventional program might improve survival in high‐risk patients.

Introducción: La angina variante por vasoespasmo coronario y el síndrome X han sido mencionados como responsables de angina en ausencia de lesión coronaria significativa. Sin embargo no todos los pacientes en esta situación clínica cumplen criterios para ser agrupados en estas entidades patológicas.Pacientes y Métodos: Se estudiaron 328 pacientes consecutivos divididos en 4 grupos: A: Angina vasoespástica (n:165). B: Síndrome X (SDX) [sin vasoespasmo (VSP) con prueba de esfuerzo (PE) positiva] (n:47). C: Angina de reposo o mixta, sin VSP y PE negativa (n:93) D: Angina de esfuerzo, sin VSP y PE negativa (n:23). Fueron excluidos del estudio aquellos pacientes con patología extracoronaria que justificase la angina. Se evaluaron antecedentes patológicos, factores de riesgo y características clínicas. Se realizó a todos una prueba de esfuerzo, con gammagrafía en 214 casos, y se analizó en el seguimiento a largo plazo (72±52meses) valorando la mortalidad y la aparición de eventos coronarios.Resultados: La prevalencia global de dislipemia fue elevada (67%) y no mostró diferencias significativa entre los grupos. La prevalencia del tabaquismo fue superior en los pacientes que presentaban VSP (62 vs 22%, pConclusiones: Nuestros resultados indican que existe una proporción importante de pacientes anginosos sin lesiones coronarias significativas que no presentan vasoespasmo ni cambios en el ECG de esfuerzo. No obstante, casi la mitad de ellos presentan defectos de perfusión durante el esfuerzo, en su mayoría leves. Existe una baja incidencia de infarto de miocardio y de mortalidad cardiaca en el seguimiento a largo plazo. La aparición de defectos gammagráficos de esfuerzo no confiere empeoramiento en el pronóstico., Introduction: Variant angina due to coronary spasm and syndrome X are known to be responsible for angina in the absence of significant coronary stenosis. However, not all patients in these clinical conditions meet the criteria to be labelled as these pathological entities.Patient and methods: We studied 328 consecutive patients in 4 different groups: A: vasospastic angina (n:165). B: Syndrome X (SDX) [without vasospasm (VSP) with a positive stress test (ST)] (n:47). C: Rest angina or mixed angina, without VSP and with a negative ST (n:93). D: stress angina without VSP and with negative ST (n:23). Those patients with non coronary cause of angina were excluded of this study. We evaluated pathological antecedents, risk factors and clinical characteristics. Stress tests were performed in all patients, 214 of them with scintigraphic perfusion analysis. We study incidence of mortality and coronary events in the long term follow up (72±52month).Result: The global prevalence of dislipidemia was high (67%) without significant differences between groups. The prevalence of smoking was higher in the vasospastic patients (62 vs 22%, pConclusions: Our results indicate than there is an important proportions of patients with angina without significant coronary artery stenosis who do not nither present vasospasm nor ECG changes during ST. However, nearly a half of them present perfusion defects during ST, mild in most of them. There is a low incidence of myocardial infarct and cardiac mortality in the long-term follow-up. The presence of stress scintigraphic defects do not implicate worse prognosis.