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16. Changes in quantity and quality of soil carbon due to the land-use conversion to sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum ) plantation in southern Brazil

Author

Bordonal, Ricardo de Oliveira, primary, Lal, Rattan, additional, Ronquim, Carlos Cesar, additional, de Figueiredo, Eduardo Barretto, additional, Carvalho, João Luís Nunes, additional, Maldonado, Walter, additional, Milori, Débora Marcondes Bastos Pereira, additional, and La Scala, Newton, additional

Published
2017
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18. Balanço de gases de efeito estufa e emissões de CO2 do solo nos sistemas de colheita da cana-de-açúcar manual queimada e mecanizada crua

Author

Figueiredo, Eduardo Barretto de [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Júnior, Newton La Scala [UNESP]

Subjects
Sugarcane - Tillage operations, Efeito estufa (Atmosfera), Cana-de-açúcar - Colheita, Solos - Aeração
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-04-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:45:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 figueiredo_eb_dr_jabo.pdf: 1161831 bytes, checksum: 324d14825135e4069fd0eddd1573abd7 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Estratégias para a redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) na agricultura vêm sendo discutidas há algum tempo, especialmente no Brasil, onde os solos agrícolas contribuem com 9,3% das emissões nacionais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral estimar as emissões de GEE das fontes de emissões do setor agrícola e combustão móvel na conversão dos sistemas de colheita da cana-de-açúcar manual queimada (cana queimada) para mecanizada (cana crua) e comparar com os resultados obtidos das avaliações de campo das emissões de C-CO2 induzidas pelo preparo do solo, calagem e aplicação de gesso agrícola, apresentando possíveis estratégias de mitigação. Os resultados indicaram que a adubação nitrogenada sintética e a queima de resíduos são responsáveis pelas maiores emissões observadas em áreas de cana crua e queimada, com 1.167,6 e 941,0 kg CO2eq ha-1 ano-1, respectivamente. As áreas de cana queimada apresentaram as maiores emissões com 3.103,9 kg CO2eq ha-1ano-1. As estimativas indicaram que a conversão de cana queimada para áreas de cana crua pode reduzir as emissões em 310,7 kg CO2eq ha-1 ano-1 (sem considerar o sequestro de carbono do solo) e 1.484,0 kg CO2eq ha-1 ano-1 (considerando o sequestro de carbono do solo). As emissões de C-CO2 referentes à reforma da área de cana crua com as práticas usuais de manejo consideradas resultaram em 1.103,8 kg C-CO2 ha-1 em 25 dias, assim como a simples retirada da palha na superfície do solo resultou em emissões adicionais de 252,4 kg de C-CO2 ha-1 ou 925,3 kg CO2. O desenvolvimento da produção de cana-de-açúcar no Brasil certamente deve direcionar-se para a redução da prática da queima dos resíduos e do uso de diesel, reduzindo algumas operações de preparo do solo e também deve adotar práticas de fertilização mais... Strategies for the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) in agriculture have been debated for some time, especially in Brazil, where the agricultural soils contribute to 9.3% of national emissions. This study aimed to estimate the GHG emission in the agricultural sector and mobile combustion sources from the conversion of sugarcane manual burned harvest system (burned) to green harvest mechanized system (green) comparing with the results of CO2 emission from field evaluations induced by soil tillage, liming and gypsum application, presenting possible mitigation strategies. The results indicate that the N synthetic fertilizer and burning of residues are responsible for the higher emissions observed in green and burned areas with 1,167.6 and 941.0 kg CO2eq ha-1 yr-1, respectively. The sugarcane burning plot presented the highest emissions in our scope, with 3,103.9 kg CO2eq ha−1y−1. Our estimates indicate that conversion from burned to green plot could save from 310.7 CO2eq ha−1 y−1 (not considering soil carbon sequestration) to 1,484.0kg CO2eq ha−1 y−1 (considering soil carbon sequestration). Emissions of CO2-C on the renovation of the sugarcane area with the usual practices and management considered, resulted in 1,103.8 kg CO2-C ha-1 in 25 days, as well as the simple removal of the residues from the soil surface resulted in additional emissions of 252.4 kilograms of CO2-C ha-1 or 925.3 kg CO2 ha-1. The development of sugarcane production in Brazil must certainly move towards the reduction of burning practices and the diesel use, reducing some tillage operations and must also adopt more efficient... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Published
2012

20. Soil CO2-C Emissions and Correlations with Soil Properties in Degraded and Managed Pastures in Southern Brazil.

Author

Figueiredo, Eduardo Barretto de, Panosso, Alan Rodrigo, Bordonal, Ricardo de Oliveira, Teixeira, Daniel De Bortoli, Berchielli, Telma Teresinha, and La Scala, Newton

Subjects
CONTROL of land degradation, GRAZING, PASTURE ecology, CARBON in soils, SOIL temperature, MANAGEMENT
Abstract

Land degradation has been a global environmental issue, and its cause includes poorly managed grazing. Quantitative information is needed to support policy actions for food and water security and development. The objective of this study was to assess and characterize CO2-C emissions in degraded (DP) and managed pasture (MP) areas located close to one another, describing their spatial-temporal variability and any correlation with possible controlling factors. A grid of 100 × 100 m with 102 sample points in each area was set up. Measurements of CO2-C emission (FCO2), soil temperature ( Tsoil), soil water content (WCsoil), soil physical (i.e. soil texture, soil bulk density, macro-porosity, micro-porosity, air-filled pore space and total pore volume) and chemical (i.e. pH, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium and cation exchange capacity) analysis were conducted at each sample point. Total emissions calculated from the area below the FCO2 graphs were 640.7 and 440.0 kg CO2-C ha−1 in the DP and MP, respectively. Soil temperature in the MP was lower ( t-test, p < 0.01) throughout the experimental period when compared with the DP. This study found that the degraded pasture area released significantly more CO2-C compared with the well-managed pasture. Therefore, the introduction of best management practices in pasture areas is an important strategy to reduce soil CO2-C losses and promote soil C accumulation. The MP presented lower FCO2 despite its higher soil C stock, indicating a more stable soil C condition when compared with the DP area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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21. Greenhouse gas balance due to the conversion of sugarcane areas from burned to green harvest, considering other conservationist management practices.

Author

Oliveira Bordonal, Ricardo, Figueiredo, Eduardo Barretto, and La Scala, Newton

Subjects
*GREENHOUSE gases & the environment, *SUGARCANE growing, *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation, *GLOBAL warming, *BIOMASS energy, *ETHANOL
Abstract

There is a growing need for all productive sectors to develop greenhouse gas ( GHG) mitigation techniques to reduce the enhanced greenhouse effect. However, the challenge to the agricultural sector is reducing net emissions while increasing production to meet growing demands for food, fiber, and biofuel. This study focuses on the changes in the GHG balance when sugarcane areas are converted from burned harvest ( BH) to green harvest ( GH, mechanized harvest), including the changes caused by the adoption of conservationist practices such as reduced tillage and a 4-month crop rotation with Crotalaria juncea L. during sugarcane replanting. Based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2006) methodologies, the annual emission balance includes both agricultural and mobile sources of GHG, according to the mean annual consumption of supplies per hectare. The potential soil carbon accumulation was also considered in the GH plot. The total amounts of GHG were 2651.9 and 2316.4 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1 for BH and GH, respectively. Factoring in a mean annual soil carbon accumulation rate of 888.1 kg CO2 ha−1 yr−1 due to the input from long-term crop residues associated with the conversion from BH to GH, the emission balance in GH decreased to 1428.3 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1. A second decrease occurs when a reduced tillage strategy is adopted instead of conventional tillage during the replanting season in the GH plot, which helps reduce the total emission balance to 1180.3 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1. Moreover, the conversion of sugarcane from BH to GH, with the adoption of a crop rotation with Crotalaria juncea L. as well as reduced tillage during sugarcane replanting, would result in a smaller GHG balance of 1064.6 kg CO2eq ha−1 yr−1, providing an effect strategy for GHG mitigation while still providing cleaner sugar and ethanol production in southern Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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22. Greenhouse gas balance in the conversion from extensive pasture to other agricultural systems in Andean region of Colombia

Author

Parra, Amanda Silva [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Scala Júnior, Newton La [UNESP], and Figueiredo, Eduardo Barretto de [UNESP]

Subjects
Carbon sequestration, Pastagens, Solos, Biomassa, Aquecimento global, Sequestro de carbono
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-08. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000842997_20200414.pdf: 86943 bytes, checksum: 7412fff38136c54a3f28ead5328f0880 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-08. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000842997_20200414.pdf: 86943 bytes, checksum: 7412fff38136c54a3f28ead5328f0880 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2020-06-17T16:34:55Z: 000842997_20200414.pdf, Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-08. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000842997_20200414.pdf: 86943 bytes, checksum: 7412fff38136c54a3f28ead5328f0880 (MD5). Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2020-06-17T16:35:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000842997.pdf: 795543 bytes, checksum: 110c3b7c42955b87b5112195510298d9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-08. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000842997_20200414.pdf: 86943 bytes, checksum: 7412fff38136c54a3f28ead5328f0880 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2020-06-17T16:34:55Z: 000842997_20200414.pdf, Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-08. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000842997_20200414.pdf: 86943 bytes, checksum: 7412fff38136c54a3f28ead5328f0880 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-08. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000842997_20200414.pdf: 86943 bytes, checksum: 7412fff38136c54a3f28ead5328f0880 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-08. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000842997_20200414.pdf: 86943 bytes, checksum: 7412fff38136c54a3f28ead5328f0880 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2020-06-17T16:34:55Z: 000842997_20200414.pdf, Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-08. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000842997_20200414.pdf: 86943 bytes, checksum: 7412fff38136c54a3f28ead5328f0880 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-08. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:26:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000842997_20200414.pdf: 86943 bytes, checksum: 7412fff38136c54a3f28ead5328f0880 (MD5) O desafio do setor agrícola é reduzir as emissões e aumentar a produção de alimentos, tendo em conta os aspectos ambientais. Na zona andina da Colômbia, há uma crescente necessidade de se desenvolver técnicas de mitigação de GEE (gases de efeito estufa) associados à produção de leite. Este trabalho considera as emissões de GEE e os potenciais sumidouros de carbono associados aos cenários de produção de leite na zona andina da Colômbia. Os cenários considerados foram: agricultura convencional de Pennisetum clandestinum em rotação com batatas (PRP), pastagens melhoradas de Lolium multiflorum (IP) e sistema silvipastoril de Pennisetum clandestinum em consórcio com Acacia decurrens e Trifolium repens (SPS). Com base nas metodologias do IPCC (2006) e considerando-se um ciclo de produção de 6 anos, o balanço anual das emissões compreende as fontes agrícolas e o consumo de gasolina relacionadas com as principais fases de produção agrícola, e o potencial de acúmulo de C no solo e a fixação de C na biomassa em todos os cenários estudados. Menores emissões de GEE foram estimados no cenário de PRP (3.864 kg CO2eq ha-1 ano-1), porém apresenta uma menor produtividade de leite. As maiores emissões de GEE foram observadas no cenário IP (7.711 kg CO2eq ha-1 ano-1), que apresentou uma maior produtividade de leite e um potencial considerável para o acúmulo de C no solo, que poderia ajudar na compensação das emissões. No cenário SPS, que tem uma produtividade de leite próximo de IP, apresentou o maior potencial para compensar as emissões de GEE (4.878 kg CO2eq ha-1 ano-1) devido ao acúmulo de C solo e a fixação de C na biomassa em árvores The challenge of agricultural sector is to reduce emissions and increase food production, taking into account environmental aspects. In Andean zone of Colombia, there is a growing need to develop GHG (greenhouse gas) mitigation techniques associated to milk production. This work focuses on the GHG emissions and potential sinks associated to milk production scenarios in the Andean zone of Colombia. The scenarios considered were: conventional agriculture of Pennisetum clandestinum in rotation with potatoes (PRP), improved pastures of Lolium multiflorum (IP) and silvopastoral system of Pennisetum clandestinum in consortium with Acacia decurrens and Trifolium repens (SPS). Based on the IPCC (2006) methodologies, the annual emission balance for a 6-year production cycle included agricultural sources and gasoline consumption related to the main agricultural phases in field, and the potential for soil C accumulation and biomass C fixation in all studied scenarios. Lower GHG emissions were estimated in PRP scenario (3,864 kg CO2eq ha-1 yr-1), but this presents the lower milk productivity. The higher GHG emissions were observed in IP scenario (7,711 kg CO2eq ha-1 yr-1), which presented the highest milk productivity and a considerable potential for soil C accumulation, that could help into the offset of its emissions. But SPS scenario, which has a milk productivity close to IP, presented the highest potential to offset GHG emission (4,878 kg CO2eq ha-1 yr-1) due to soil C accumulation plus biomass C fixation in trees

Published
2015

23. Inventário dos gases de efeito estufa associado ao manejo da cana-de-açúcar na localidade de Barretos-SP, Brasil

Author

Souza, Willians Luiz Bueno de [UNESP], Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Júnior, Newton La Scala [UNESP], and Figueiredo, Eduardo Barretto de [UNESP]

Subjects
Gases estufa, Efeito estufa (Atmosfera), Cana-de-açúcar, Sugarcane, Mudanças climaticas, Queimada
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_wlb_me_jabo.pdf: 584632 bytes, checksum: f3726b352c0ef2834e0e72bb55c0990a (MD5) O Brasil é o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar mundial, e 70% da produção desta cultura se concentra nas regiões Centro-Sul. O Município de Barretos está localizado na região Centro-Norte do Estado de São Paulo e detém atualmente uma área cultivada de cana estimada em 73.668 hectares, o que representa aproximadamente 1,36% da produção do Estado de São Paulo. Este trabalho estima baseado nos dados gerados pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Canasat, INPE) e metodologias para inventário de emissões do IPCC, as emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) desta região no período de 2006 a 2011 em função das etapas de manejo agrícola da cana-de-açúcar associados ao plantio (reformada e expansão), tratamento de soqueira (cana queimada e crua) e colheita (manual queimada e mecanizada crua). A partir deste estudo, pode-se observar uma expansão na área cultivada da cana-de-açúcar na localidade que foi de 69,76% no período estudado, e mesmo com esse crescimento, as fontes de emissões dos GEE reduziram de 3,4 t CO2eq ha-1 para 2,54 t CO2eq ha-1 entre os anos de 2006 e 2011, resultando em uma redução de 25,30% das emissões por área durante esse período. Os resultados deste estudo indicam que a redução progressiva da queimada que antecedente a colheita é um fator determinante para redução das emissões por hectare produzido, sendo esta prática de queimada, responsável em média por 73,63% dos totais de emissões das operações de colheita. Conclui-se que apesar da área cultivada ter sofrido uma considerável expansão, os níveis de emissões por área ou por tonelada de cana produzida diminuíram. Isso só foi possível devido à conversão no sistema de manejo da colheita antes realizada como manual queimada, e gradativamente convertido para mecanizada crua Brazil is the largest producer of sugarcane worldwide, 70% of the production of this crop is concentrated in the Mid-South. The city of Barretos is located in the center-north of the state of São Paulo and currently holds a cultivated area of 73,668 hectares estimated sugarcane, which represents approximately 1.36% of the production of the State of São Paulo. Based on data generated by the National Institute for Space Research (INPE) through the project will Canasat estimated emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) in this region in the period 2006 to 2011 according to the stages of agricultural management of sugarcane associated with planting sugar (reformed / expansion), treatment of stumps (burned / raw mechanized) and harvesting (manual burned / raw mechanized). From this study, it can be seen an expansion in acreage of sugarcane in the city which was 69.76% during the study period, and even with this growth, the sources of GHG emissions reduced by 3.4 t CO2eq ha-1 to 2.54 t ha-1 CO2eq between the years 2006 and 2011, resulting in a 25.30% reduction in emissions per hectare during this period. The results of this study indicate that the progressive reduction of fire which antecedent harvest is an important factor for reducing emissions, and this practice of burning, responsible for an average of 73.63% of the total emissions from harvesting operations. We conclude that although the acreage has suffered a considerable expansion, emission levels per area or per ton of cane produced decreased this was only possible due to the conversion of crop management system performed as manual before burning, and gradually converted to green mechanized

Published
2013

24. Fluxes of CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O in tundra-covered and Nothofagus forest soils in the Argentinian Patagonia.

Author

Sá MMF, Schaefer CEGR, Loureiro DC, Simas FNB, Alves BJR, de Sá Mendonça E, de Figueiredo EB, La Scala N Jr, and Panosso AR

Abstract

While most soils in periglacial environments present high fluxes of CO 2 (F CO2 ), CH 4 (F CH4 ), and N 2 O (F N2O ), few of them have a tendency to drain greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. This study aimed to assess greenhouse gas fluxes at different sub-Antarctic sites and time periods (at the beginning of thaw and height of summer). To investigate the time of year effect on greenhouse gas emissions, F CO2 , F CH4 , and F N2O were measured at two sites tundra-covered (Ti and Th) and Nothofagus forest soil (Nf) on Monte Martial, at the southernmost tip of South America, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. F CO2 ranged from 96.33 to 225.72 μg CO 2 m -2  s -1 across all sites and periods, showing a positive correlation with soil temperature (Ts) (4.1 and 8.2 °C, respectively) (r 2  > 0.7; p < 0.05). The highest values of F CO2 were found at Ti and Th (728.2 and 662.64 μg CO 2 m -2  s -1 , respectively), which were related to higher temperatures (8.2 and 8.6 °C, respectively) when compared to those of Nf. For F CH4 , the capture (drain) occurred during both periods at Nf (-26 and -79 μg C-CH 4 m -2  h -1 ) as well as Ti and Th (-21 and 12 μg C-CH 4 m -2  h -1 , respectively). F N2O also presented low values during both periods and showed a tendency to drain N 2 O from the atmosphere, especially at Nf (-2 μg N-N 2 O m -2  h -1 ). In addition, F N2O was slightly positive for Ti and Th (0.3 and 0.55 μg N-N 2 O m -2  h -1 , respectively). Soil moisture did not show a correlation (p > 0.05) with the measured greenhouse gas fluxes. A scenario of increased temperatures might result in changes in the balance between the emissions and drains of these gases from soils, leading to higher emission values of CH 4 and N 2 O, especially for tundra covered soils (Ti and Th), where the highest average fluxes and thermohydric variations were observed over the year., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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