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12. The Unique Ability of Fine Roots to Reduce Vegetated Coastal Dune Erosion During Wave Collision

Author

Figlus, Jens, Sigren, Jacob M., Feagin, Rusty A., and Armitage, Anna R.

Subjects
Urban Studies, Geography, Planning and Development, Building and Construction
Abstract

Vegetated coastal sand dunes can be vital components of flood risk reduction schemes due to their ability to act as an erosive buffer during storm surge and wave attack. However, the effects of plant morphotypes on the wave-induced erosion process are hard to quantify, in part due to the complexity of the coupled hydrodynamic, morphodynamic, and biological processes involved. In this study the effects of four vegetation types on the dune erosion process under wave action was investigated in a wave flume experiment. Sand dune profiles containing real plant arrangements at different growth stages were exposed to irregular waves at water levels producing a collision regime to simulate storm impact. Stepwise multivariate statistical analysis was carried out to determine the relationship of above- and below-ground plant variables to the physical response. Plant variables included, among others, fine root biomass, coarse root biomass, above-ground surface area, stem rotational stiffness, and mycorrhizal colonization. Morphologic variables, among others, included eroded sediment volume, cross-shore area centroid shift, and scarp retreat rate. Results showed that vegetation was able to reduce erosion during a collision regime by up to 37%. Although this reduction was found to be related to both above- and belowground plant structures and their effect on hydrodynamic processes, it was primarily accounted for by the presence of fine root biomass. Fine roots increased the shear strength of the sediment and thus lowered erosional volumes and scarp retreat rates. For each additional 100 mg/L of fine roots (dry) added to the sediment, the erosional volume was reduced by 6.6% and the scarp retreat rate was slowed by 4.6%. Coarse roots and plant-mediated mycorrhizal colonization did not significantly alter these outcomes, nor did the apparent enhancement of wave reflection caused by the fine roots. In summary, fine roots provided a unique ability to bind sediment leading to reduced dune erosion.

Published
2022

19. Infrastructure investment must incorporate Nature’s lessons in a rapidly changing world

Author

Feagin, Rusty A., primary, Bridges, Todd S., additional, Bledsoe, Brian, additional, Losos, Elizabeth, additional, Ferreira, Susana, additional, Corwin, Emily, additional, Lodder, Quirijn, additional, Beck, Michael W., additional, Reguero, Borja, additional, Sutton-Grier, Ariana, additional, Figlus, Jens, additional, Palmer, Rowan, additional, Nelson, Donald R., additional, Smith, Carter, additional, Olander, Lydia, additional, Silliman, Brian, additional, Pietersen, Hans, additional, Costanza, Robert, additional, Gittman, Rachel K., additional, Narayan, Siddharth, additional, Pontee, Nigel, additional, Donahue, Mike, additional, McNeill, Don, additional, and Guidry, Todd, additional

Published
2021
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20. The effects of plant structure and flow properties on the physical response of coastal dune plants to wind and wave run-up

Author

Innocenti, Rachel A., primary, Feagin, Rusty A., additional, Charbonneau, Bianca R., additional, Figlus, Jens, additional, Lomonaco, Pedro, additional, Wengrove, Meagan, additional, Puleo, Jack, additional, Huff, Thomas P., additional, Rafati, Yashar, additional, Hsu, Tian-Jian, additional, Moragues, Maria V., additional, Tsai, Benjamin, additional, Boutton, Thomas, additional, Pontiki, Maria, additional, and Smith, Jeremy, additional

Published
2021
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22. Placed rock as protection against erosion by flow down steep slopes

Author

Peirson, William L., Figlus, Jens, Pells, Steven E., and Cox, Ronald J.

Subjects
Soil erosion -- Control, Rock mechanics -- Research, Slopes (Physical geography) -- Structure, Flumes -- Design and construction, Flumes -- Mechanical properties, Embankments -- Design and construction, Embankments -- Mechanical properties, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

The additional resistance to erosion due to flows down steep slopes that can be achieved by placing rock instead of dumping randomly has been quantified during a large-scale flume investigation. Testing was undertaken for slopes of 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 with two layers of armor overlying a filter, consistent with conventional rock protection designs. Two sizes of sandstone with mean diameters of 76 and 109 mm and basalt with a mean diameter of 94 mm were tested. Placing rock to achieve maximum bulk density (mass per unit in situ volume) increased failure flow (flow at exposure of the filter) by 30% of that achieved with the same type of randomly dumped material but the total armor mass per unit surface area increased by 35%. A damage approach to steep erosion protection that is similar to that used for coastal breakwater design is presented. An improved method of partition between the aerated flow over as well as flow through both random and placed rock has also been quantified. Better characterization of aerated surface flow descriptions for random and placed crushed rock is presented. A non-Darcy coefficient of 3.3 [+ or -] 1.1 best characterized the interflow component through random and placed rock. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008) 134:9(1370) CE Database subject headings: Rocks; Erosion; Slopes; Flumes; Embankments.

Published
2008

23. Inverse estimation of sand transport rates on nourished Delaware beaches

Author

Figlus, Jens and Kobayashi, Nobuhisa

Subjects
Delaware Bay -- Environmental aspects, Sediment transport -- Evaluation, Sand -- Mechanical properties, Beaches -- Environmental aspects, Beach erosion -- Evaluation, Engineering and manufacturing industries, Science and technology
Abstract

The Delaware Atlantic coast of 40 km length is suffering from beach erosion. The State of Delaware placed approximately 1,100,0001 m3 sand on its four beaches in 1998. Beach profiles were surveyed along fixed 65 cross-shore lines almost semiannually for 9-11 times until 2005. The measured profiles are analyzed to obtain the shoreline displacement and the area changes in the landward and shoreward zones between the two successive profile surveys. The relations among these profile change parameters indicate that a standard one-line model may not be applicable to these nourished beaches because of the dominant summer and winter profile changes. An inverse method based on a two-line model is developed to estimate the cross-shore sediment transport rate and the gradient of the longshore sediment transport rate. The estimated rates indicate the importance of both cross-shore and longshore sediment transport to predict the evolution of these nourished beaches with large variabilities in time and space. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-950X(2008) 134:4(218) CE Database subject headings: Beach erosion; Beach nourishment; Monitoring; Surveys; Sediment transport; Delaware; Sand.

Published
2008

29. Wave Overtopping over Sand-Covered Rubble Mound Structures

Author

Figlus, Jens and Almarshed, Badreyah

Subjects
Wasserbau (627), Ingenieurwissenschaften (620)
Abstract

Presented at: Coastal Structures Conference 2019, Hannover, Germany, September 30th – October 2nd, 2019

Published
2019

31. Contributors

Author

Atoba, Kayode O., Bedient, Philip B., Berke, Philip, Blessing, Russell, Bortolotti, Andrea, Botzen, W.J. Wouter, Brand, Nikki, Brody, Samuel, Davlasheridze, Meri, Ebersole, Bruce A., Figlus, Jens, González-Dueñas, Catalina, Highfield, Wesley E., Hooimeijer, Fransje, Iuorio, Luca, Jonkman, Sebastiaan N., Juan, Andrew, Kameshwar, Sabarethinam, Kok, Matthijs, Kothuis, Baukje Bee, Lee, Yoonjeong, Li, Dongying, Malecha, Matthew, Merrell, William, Meyer, Han, Mobley, William, Newman, Galen, Nillesen, Anne Loes, Padgett, Jamie E., Panakkal, Pranavesh, Parker-Belmonte, Alaina, Richardson, Thomas W., Robinson, Peter J., Roy, Malini, Sebastian, Antonia, Slinger, Jill H., van Berchum, Erik. C., Vrolijk, Koos, Walraven, Marc, Whalin, Robert W., Yoshida, Yuka, and Yu, Siyu

Published
2022
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39. Nearshore circulation on a sea breeze dominated beach during intense wind events

Author

Torres-Freyermuth, Alec, primary, Puleo, Jack A., additional, DiCosmo, Nick, additional, Allende-Arandía, Ma. Eugenia, additional, Chardón-Maldonado, Patricia, additional, López, José, additional, Figueroa-Espinoza, Bernardo, additional, de Alegria-Arzaburu, Amaia Ruiz, additional, Figlus, Jens, additional, Roberts Briggs, Tiffany M., additional, de la Roza, Jacobo, additional, and Candela, Julio, additional

Published
2017
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42. Nearshore Coastal dynamics on a Sea-breeze dominated micro-tidAL beach (NCSAL)

Author

Torres-Freyermuth, Alec, Puleo, Jack A., Alegría-Arzaburu, Amaia Ruiz De, Figlus, Jens, Tonatiuh Mendoza, Pintado-Patiño, Jose Carlos, Pieterse, Aline, Chardon-Maldonado, Patricia, DiCosmo, Nick R., Wellman, Nina, García-Nava, Hector, Palemón-Arcos, Leonardo, Roberts, Tiffany, López-González, José, Bravo, Mauricio, Ojeda, Elena, Medellín, Gabriela, Appendini, Christian M., Figueroa, Bernardo, González-Leija, Mariana, Enriquez, Cecilia, Pedrozo-Acuña, Adrián, Salles, Paulo, and Roza, Jacobo De La

Published
2014
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46. Storm Impact on Barrier Island Subaerial Morphology and Subsequent Recovery.

Author

Figlus, Jens and Harter, Craig

Abstract

Understanding the complex hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes associated with storm impact and subsequent recovery of barrier island systems is essential in developing appropriate coastal management strategies to protect these fragile resources. Measured morphology changes of the subaerial portions of a sediment-starved barrier island were analyzed using the process-based 2DII numerical morphodynamic model XBeach during hurricane impact, and LiDAR surveys covering five years of post-storm recovery. The recovered subaerial volume of the barrier island after five years exceeded pre-storm volumes by up to 30%, suggesting that extreme events are necessary for barrier islands to sustain themselves in sediment-limited environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016

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