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33 results on '"Field, AR"'

1. Overview of physics results from MAST towards ITER/DEMO and the MAST Upgrade

Author: Meyer, H, Abel, IG, Akers, RJ, Allan, A, Allan, SY, Appel, LC, Asunta, O, Barnes, M, Barratt, NC, Ayed, N Ben, Bradley, JW, Canik, J, Cahyna, P, Cecconello, M, Challis, CD, Chapman, IT, Ciric, D, Colyer, G, Conway, NJ, Cox, M, Crowley, BJ, Cowley, SC, Cunningham, G, Danilov, A, Darke, A, De Bock, MFM, De Temmerman, G, Dendy, RO, Denner, P, Dickinson, D, Dnestrovsky, AY, Dnestrovsky, Y, Driscoll, MD, Dudson, B, Dunai, D, Dunstan, M, Dura, P, Elmore, S, Field, AR, Fishpool, G, Freethy, S, Fundamenski, W, Garzotti, L, Ghim, YC, Gibson, KJ, Gryaznevich, MP, Harrison, J, Havlíčková, E, Hawkes, NC, Heidbrink, WW, Hender, TC, Highcock, E, Higgins, D, Hill, P, Hnat, B, Hole, MJ, Horáček, J, Howell, DF, Imada, K, Jones, O, Kaveeva, E, Keeling, D, Kirk, A, Kočan, M, Lake, RJ, Lehnen, M, Leggate, HJ, Liang, Y, Lilley, MK, Lisgo, SW, Liu, YQ, Lloyd, B, Maddison, GP, Mailloux, J, Martin, R, McArdle, GJ, McClements, KG, McMillan, B, Michael, C, Militello, F, Molchanov, P, Mordijck, S, Morgan, T, Morris, AW, Muir, DG, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Naylor, G, Nielsen, AH, O'Brien, MR, O'Gorman, T, Pamela, S, Parra, FI, Patel, A, Pinches, SD, Price, MN, Roach, CM, Robinson, JR, Romanelli, M, and Rozhansky, V
Subjects: Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract: New diagnostic, modelling and plant capability on the Mega Ampère Spherical Tokamak (MAST) have delivered important results in key areas for ITER/DEMO and the upcoming MAST Upgrade, a step towards future ST devices on the path to fusion currently under procurement. Micro-stability analysis of the pedestal highlights the potential roles of micro-tearing modes and kinetic ballooning modes for the pedestal formation. Mitigation of edge localized modes (ELM) using resonant magnetic perturbation has been demonstrated for toroidal mode numbers n = 3, 4, 6 with an ELM frequency increase by up to a factor of 9, compatible with pellet fuelling. The peak heat flux of mitigated and natural ELMs follows the same linear trend with ELM energy loss and the first ELM-resolved Ti measurements in the divertor region are shown. Measurements of flow shear and turbulence dynamics during L-H transitions show filaments erupting from the plasma edge whilst the full flow shear is still present. Off-axis neutral beam injection helps to strongly reduce the redistribution of fast-ions due to fishbone modes when compared to on-axis injection. Low-k ion-scale turbulence has been measured in L-mode and compared to global gyro-kinetic simulations. A statistical analysis of principal turbulence time scales shows them to be of comparable magnitude and reasonably correlated with turbulence decorrelation time. Te inside the island of a neoclassical tearing mode allow the analysis of the island evolution without assuming specific models for the heat flux. Other results include the discrepancy of the current profile evolution during the current ramp-up with solutions of the poloidal field diffusion equation, studies of the anomalous Doppler resonance compressional Alfvén eigenmodes, disruption mitigation studies and modelling of the new divertor design for MAST Upgrade. The novel 3D electron Bernstein synthetic imaging shows promising first data sensitive to the edge current profile and flows. © 2013 IAEA, Vienna.
Published: 2013

2. Screening thousands of transcribed coding and non-coding regions reveals sequence determinants of RNA polymerase II elongation potential

Author: Claudia A. Mimoso, Karen Adelman, Field Ar, Hanneke Vlaming, and Benjamin J. E. Martin
Subjects: Genetics, Messenger RNA, Transcription, Genetic, Polyadenylation, biology, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, RNA, Translation (biology), RNA polymerase II, Article, Structural Biology, biology.protein, Coding region, RNA Polymerase II, RNA, Messenger, Enhancer, Gene, Molecular Biology
Abstract: Organismal growth and development rely on RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) synthesizing the appropriate repertoire of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from protein-coding genes. Productive elongation of full-length transcripts is essential for mRNA function, however what determines whether an engaged RNAPII molecule will terminate prematurely or transcribe processively remains poorly understood. Notably, despite a common process for transcription initiation across RNAPII-synthesized RNAs1, RNAPII is highly susceptible to termination when transcribing non-coding RNAs such as upstream antisense RNAs (uaRNAs) and enhancers RNAs (eRNAs)2, suggesting that differences arise during RNAPII elongation. To investigate the impact of transcribed sequence on elongation potential, we developed a method to screen the effects of thousands of INtegrated Sequences on Expression of RNA and Translation using high-throughput sequencing (INSERT-seq). We found that higher AT content in uaRNAs and eRNAs, rather than specific sequence motifs, underlies the propensity for RNAPII termination on these transcripts. Further, we demonstrate that 5’ splice sites exert both splicing-dependent and autonomous, splicing-independent stimulation of transcription, even in the absence of polyadenylation signals. Together, our results reveal a potent role for transcribed sequence in dictating gene output at mRNA and non-coding RNA loci, and demonstrate the power of INSERT-seq towards illuminating these contributions.
Published: 2022
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3. Overview of JET results for optimising ITER operation

Author: Mailloux, J, Abid, N, Abraham, K, Abreu, P, Adabonyan, O, Adrich, P, Afanasev, V, Afzal, M, Ahlgren, T, Aho-Mantila, L, Aiba, N, Airila, M, Akhtar, M, Albanese, R, Alderson-Martin, M, Alegre, D, Aleiferis, S, Aleksa, A, Alekseev, A, Alessi, E, Aleynikov, P, Algualcil, J, Ali, M, Allinson, M, Alper, B, Alves, E, Ambrosino, G, Ambrosino, R, Amosov, V, Sunden, E, Andrew, P, Angelini, B, Angioni, C, Antoniou, I, Appel, L, Appelbee, C, Aria, S, Ariola, M, Artaserse, G, Arter, W, Artigues, V, Asakura, N, Ash, A, Ashikawa, N, Aslanyan, V, Astrain, M, Asztalos, O, Auld, D, Auriemma, F, Austin, Y, Avotina, L, Aymerich, E, Baciero, A, Bairaktaris, F, Balbin, J, Balbinot, L, Balboa, I, Balden, M, Balshaw, C, Balshaw, N, Bandaru, V, Banks, J, Baranov, Y, Barcellona, C, Barnard, A, Barnard, M, Barnsley, R, Barth, A, Baruzzo, M, Barwell, S, Bassan, M, Batista, A, Batistoni, P, Baumane, L, Bauvir, B, Baylor, L, Beaumont, P, Beckett, D, Begolli, A, Beidler, M, Bekris, N, Beldishevski, M, Belli, E, Belli, F, Belonohy, E, Ben Yaala, M, Benayas, J, Bentley, J, Bergsaker, H, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Berry, M, Bertalot, L, Betar, H, Beurskens, M, Bickerton, S, Bieg, B, Bielecki, J, Bierwage, A, Biewer, T, Bilato, R, Bilkova, P, Birkenmeier, G, Bishop, H, Bizarro, J, Blackburn, J, Blanchard, P, Blatchford, P, Bobkov, V, Boboc, A, Bohm, P, Bohm, T, Bolshakova, I, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bonfiglio, D, Bonnin, X, Bonofiglo, P, Boocock, S, Booth, A, Booth, J, Borba, D, Borodin, D, Borodkina, I, Boulbe, C, Bourdelle, C, Bowden, M, Boyd, K, Mihalic, I, Bradnam, S, Braic, V, Brandt, L, Bravanec, R, Breizman, B, Brett, A, Brezinsek, S, Brix, M, Bromley, K, Brown, B, Brunetti, D, Buckingham, R, Buckley, M, Budny, R, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buratti, P, Burgess, A, Buscarino, A, Busse, A, Butcher, D, de la Cal, E, Calabro, G, Calacci, L, Calado, R, Camenen, Y, Canal, G, Cannas, B, Cappelli, M, Carcangiu, S, Card, P, Cardinali, A, Carman, P, Carnevale, D, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Carvalho, I, Carvalho, P, Casiraghi, I, Casson, F, Castaldo, C, Catalan, J, Catarino, N, Causa, F, Cavedon, M, Cecconello, M, Challis, C, Chamberlain, B, Chang, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, B, Chernyshova, M, Chiariello, A, Chmielewski, P, Chomiczewska, A, Chone, L, Ciraolo, G, Ciric, D, Clark, M, Clarkson, R, Clements, C, Cleverly, M, Coad, J, Coates, P, Cobalt, A, Coccorese, V, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Coffey, I, Colangeli, A, Colas, L, Collins, C, Collins, J, Collins, S, Conka, D, Conroy, S, Conway, B, Conway, N, Coombs, D, Cooper, P, Cooper, S, Corradino, C, Corrigan, G, Coster, D, Cox, P, Craciunescu, T, Cramp, S, Crapper, C, Craven, D, Craven, R, Esposito, M, Croci, G, Croft, D, Croitoru, A, Crombe, K, Cronin, T, Cruz, N, Crystal, C, Cseh, G, Cufar, A, Cullen, A, Curuia, M, Czarski, T, Dabirikhah, H, Dal Molin, A, Dale, E, Dalgliesh, P, Dalley, S, Dankowski, J, David, P, Davies, A, Davies, S, Davis, G, Dawson, K, Dawson, S, Day, I, De Bock, M, De Temmerman, G, De Tommasi, G, Deakin, K, Deane, J, Dejarnac, R, Del Sarto, D, Delabie, E, Del-Castillo-Negrete, D, Dempsey, A, Dendy, R, Devynck, P, Di Siena, A, Di Troia, C, Dickson, T, Dinca, P, Dittmar, T, Dobrashian, J, Doerner, R, Donne, A, Dorling, S, Dormido-Canto, S, Douai, D, Dowson, S, Doyle, R, Dreval, M, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Drummond, G, Duckworth, P, Dudding, H, Dumont, R, Dumortier, P, Dunai, D, Dunatov, T, Dunne, M, Durodie, F, Dux, R, Dvornova, A, Eastham, R, Edwards, J, Eich, T, Eichorn, A, Eidietis, N, Eksaeva, A, El Haroun, H, Ellwood, G, Elsmore, C, Embreus, O, Emery, S, Ericsson, G, Eriksson, B, Eriksson, F, Eriksson, J, Eriksson, L, Ertmer, S, Esquembri, S, Esquisabel, A, Estrada, T, Evans, G, Evans, S, Fable, E, Fagan, D, Faitsch, M, Falessi, M, Fanni, A, Farahani, A, Farquhar, I, Fasoli, A, Faugeras, B, Fazinic, S, Felici, F, Felton, R, Fernandes, A, Fernandes, H, Ferrand, J, Ferreira, D, Ferreira, J, Ferro, G, Fessey, J, Ficker, O, Field, A, Figueiredo, A, Figueiredo, J, Fil, A, Fil, N, Finburg, P, Fiorucci, D, Fischer, U, Fishpool, G, Fittill, L, Fitzgerald, M, Flammini, D, Flanagan, J, Flinders, K, Foley, S, Fonnesu, N, Fontana, M, Fontdecaba, J, Forbes, S, Formisano, A, Fornal, T, Fortuna, L, Fortuna-Zalesna, E, Fortune, M, Fowler, C, Fransson, E, Frassinetti, L, Freisinger, M, Fresa, R, Fridstrom, R, Frigione, D, Fulop, T, Furseman, M, Fusco, V, Futatani, S, Gadariya, D, Gal, K, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galeani, S, Gallart, D, Galvao, R, Gao, Y, Garcia, J, Garcia-Munoz, M, Gardener, M, Garzotti, L, Gaspar, J, Gatto, R, Gaudio, P, Gear, D, Gebhart, T, Gee, S, Gelfusa, M, George, R, Gerasimov, S, Gervasini, G, Gethins, M, Ghani, Z, Gherendi, M, Ghezzi, F, Giacalone, J, Giacomelli, L, Giacometti, G, Gibson, C, Gibson, K, Gil, L, Gillgren, A, Gin, D, Giovannozzi, E, Giroud, C, Glen, R, Gloggler, S, Goff, J, Gohil, P, Goloborodko, V, Gomes, R, Goncalves, B, Goniche, M, Goodyear, A, Gore, S, Gorini, G, Gorler, T, Gotts, N, Goulding, R, Gow, E, Graham, B, Graves, J, Greuner, H, Grierson, B, Griffiths, J, Griph, S, Grist, D, Gromelski, W, Groth, M, Grove, R, Gruca, M, Guard, D, Gupta, N, Gurl, C, Gusarov, A, Hackett, L, Hacquin, S, Hager, R, Hagg, L, Hakola, A, Halitovs, M, Hall, S, Hallworth-Cook, S, Ham, C, Hamaguchi, D, Hamed, M, Hamlyn-Harris, C, Hammond, K, Harford, E, Harrison, J, Harting, D, Hatano, Y, Hatch, D, Haupt, T, Hawes, J, Hawkes, N, Hawkins, J, Hayashi, T, Hazael, S, Hazel, S, Heesterman, P, Heidbrink, B, Helou, W, Hemming, O, Henderson, S, Henriques, R, Hepple, D, Herfindal, J, Hermon, G, Hill, J, Hillesheim, J, Hizanidis, K, Hjalmarsson, A, Ho, A, Hobirk, J, Hoenen, O, Hogben, C, Hollingsworth, A, Hollis, S, Hollmann, E, Holzl, M, Homan, B, Hook, M, Hopley, D, Horsley, D, Horsten, N, Horton, A, Horton, L, Horvath, L, Hotchin, S, Howell, R, Hu, Z, Huber, A, Huber, V, Huddleston, T, Huijsmans, G, Huynh, P, Hynes, A, Iliasova, M, Imrie, D, Imrisek, M, Ingleby, J, Innocente, P, Bjork, K, Isernia, N, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Ivings, E, Jablonski, S, Jachmich, S, Jackson, T, Jacquet, P, Jarleblad, H, Jaulmes, F, Rodriguez, J, Jepu, I, Joffrin, E, Johnson, R, Johnson, T, Johnston, J, Jones, C, Jones, G, Jones, L, Jones, N, Jones, T, Joyce, A, Juarez, R, Juvonen, M, Kaltiaisenaho, T, Kaniewski, J, Kantor, A, Kappatou, A, Karhunen, J, Karkinsky, D, Kashchuk, Y, Kaufman, M, Kaveney, G, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, V, Keeling, D, Kelly, R, Kempenaars, M, Kennedy, C, Kennedy, D, Kent, J, Khan, K, Khilkevich, E, Kiefer, C, Kilpelainen, J, Kim, C, Kim, H, Kim, S, King, D, King, R, Kinna, D, Kiptily, V, Kirjasuo, A, Kirov, K, Kirschner, A, Kiviniemi, T, Kizane, G, Klas, M, Klepper, C, Klix, A, Kneale, G, Knight, M, Knight, P, Knights, R, Knipe, S, Knolker, M, Knott, S, Kocan, M, Kochl, F, Kodeli, I, Kolesnichenko, Y, Kominis, Y, Kong, M, Korovin, V, Kos, B, Kos, D, Koslowski, H, Kotschenreuther, M, Koubiti, M, Koziol, K, Krasilnikov, A, Krasilnikov, V, Kresina, M, Krieger, K, Krishnan, N, Krivska, A, Kruezi, U, Kukushkin, A, Kumpulainen, H, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kurotaki, H, Kwak, S, Kwon, O, Laguardia, L, Lagzdina, E, Lahtinen, A, Laing, A, Lam, N, Lambertz, H, Lane, B, Lane, C, Neto, E, Lawson, K, Lazaros, A, Lazzaro, E, Learoyd, G, Lee, C, Lee, S, Leerink, S, Leeson, T, Lefebvre, X, Leggate, H, Lehmann, J, Lehnen, M, Leichtle, D, Leipold, F, Lengar, I, Lennholm, M, Gutierrez, E, Lepiavko, B, Leppanen, J, Lerche, E, Lescinskis, A, Lewis, J, Leysen, W, Li, L, Li, Y, Likonen, J, Linsmeier, C, Lipschultz, B, Litaudon, X, Litherland-Smith, E, Liu, F, Loarer, T, Loarte, A, Lobel, R, Lomanowski, B, Lomas, P, Lopez, J, Lorenzini, R, Loreti, S, Losada, U, Loschiavo, V, Loughlin, M, Louka, Z, Lovell, J, Lowe, T, Lowry, C, Lubbad, S, Luce, T, Lucock, R, Lukin, A, Luna, C, de la Luna, E, Lungaroni, M, Lungu, C, Lunt, T, Lutsenko, V, Lyons, B, Lyssoivan, A, Machielsen, M, Macusova, E, Maenpaa, R, Maggi, C, Maggiora, R, Magness, M, Mahesan, S, Maier, H, Maingi, R, Malinowski, K, Manas, P, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manyer, J, Manzanares, A, Maquet, P, Marceca, G, Marcenko, N, Marchetto, C, Marchuk, O, Mariani, A, Mariano, G, Marin, M, Marinelli, M, Markovic, T, Marocco, D, Marot, L, Marsden, S, Marsh, J, Marshall, R, Martellucci, L, Martin, A, Martone, R, Maruyama, S, Maslov, M, Masuzaki, S, Matejcik, S, Mattei, M, Matthews, G, Matveev, D, Matveeva, E, Mauriya, A, Maviglia, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, Mazzi, S, Mazzotta, C, Mcadams, R, Mccarthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mcclenaghan, J, Mccullen, P, Mcdonald, D, Mcguckin, D, Mchugh, D, Mcintyre, G, Mckean, R, Mckehon, J, Mcmillan, B, Mcnamee, L, Mcshee, A, Meakins, A, Medley, S, Meekes, C, Meghani, K, Meigs, A, Meisl, G, Meitner, S, Menmuir, S, Mergia, K, Merriman, S, Mertens, P, Meshchaninov, S, Messiaen, A, Michling, R, Middleton, P, Middleton-Gear, D, Mietelski, J, Milanesio, D, Milani, E, Militello, F, Asp, A, Milnes, J, Milocco, A, Miloshevsky, G, Minghao, C, Minucci, S, Miron, I, Miyamoto, M, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Monaghan, P, Monakhov, I, Moody, T, Moon, S, Mooney, R, Moradi, S, Morales, J, Morales, R, Mordijck, S, Moreira, L, Morgan, L, Moro, F, Morris, J, Morrison, K, Msero, L, Moulton, D, Mrowetz, T, Mundy, T, Muraglia, M, Murari, A, Muraro, A, Muthusonai, N, Na, Y, Nabais, F, Naden, M, Naish, J, Naish, R, Napoli, F, Nardon, E, Naulin, V, Nave, M, Nedzelskiy, I, Nemtsev, G, Nesenevich, V, Nestoras, I, Neu, R, Neverov, V, Ng, S, Nicassio, M, Nielsen, A, Nina, D, Nishijima, D, Noble, C, Nobs, C, Nocente, M, Nodwell, D, Nordlund, K, Nordman, H, Normanton, R, Noterdaeme, J, Nowak, S, Nunn, E, Nystrom, H, Oberparleiter, M, Obryk, B, O'Callaghan, J, Odupitan, T, Oliver, H, Olney, R, O'Mullane, M, Ongena, J, Organ, E, Orsitto, F, Orszagh, J, Osborne, T, Otin, R, Otsuka, T, Owen, A, Oya, Y, Oyaizu, M, Paccagnella, R, Pace, N, Packer, L, Paige, S, Pajuste, E, Palade, D, Pamela, S, Panadero, N, Panontin, E, Papadopoulos, A, Papp, G, Papp, P, Parail, V, Pardanaud, C, Parisi, J, Diaz, F, Parsloe, A, Parsons, M, Parsons, N, Passeri, M, Patel, A, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pavlichenko, R, Pavone, A, Pawelec, E, Soldan, C, Peacock, A, Pearce, M, Peluso, E, Penot, C, Pepperell, K, Pereira, R, Pereira, T, Cippo, E, Pereslavtsev, P, von Thun, C, Pericoli, V, Perry, D, Peterka, M, Petersson, P, Petravich, G, Petrella, N, Peyman, M, Pillon, M, Pinches, S, Pintsuk, G, de Sa, W, dos Reis, A, Piron, C, Pionr, L, Pironti, A, Pitts, R, van de Plassche, K, Platt, N, Plyusnin, V, Podesta, M, Pokol, G, Poli, F, Pompilian, O, Popovichev, S, Poradzinski, M, Porfiri, M, Porkolab, M, Porosnicu, C, Porton, M, Poulipoulis, G, Predebon, I, Prestopino, G, Price, C, Price, D, Price, M, Primetzhofer, D, Prior, P, Provatas, G, Pucella, G, Puglia, P, Purahoo, K, Pusztai, I, Putignano, O, Putterich, T, Quercia, A, Rachlew, E, Radulescu, G, Radulovic, V, Rainford, M, Raj, P, Ralph, G, Ramogida, G, Rasmussen, D, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Rebai, M, Refy, D, Reichle, R, Reinke, M, Reiser, D, Reux, C, Reynolds, S, Richiusa, M, Richyal, S, Rigamonti, D, Rimini, F, Risner, J, Riva, M, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Roach, C, Robins, R, Robinson, S, Robson, D, Rodionov, R, Rodrigues, P, Ramos, M, Rodriguez-Fernandez, P, Romanelli, F, Romanelli, M, Romanelli, S, Romazanov, J, Rossi, R, Rowe, S, Rowlands, D, Rubel, M, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ruchko, L, Ruiz, M, Ruiz, J, Ruset, C, Rzadkiewicz, J, Saarelma, S, Safi, E, Sahlberg, A, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Salmon, R, Salzedas, F, Sanders, I, Sandiford, D, Santos, B, Santucci, A, Sarkimaki, K, Sarwar, R, Sarychev, I, Sauter, O, Sauwan, P, Scapin, N, Schluck, F, Schmid, K, Schmuck, S, Schneider, M, Schneider, P, Schworer, D, Scott, G, Scott, M, Scraggs, D, Scully, S, Segato, M, Seo, J, Sergienko, G, Sertoli, M, Sharapov, S, Shaw, A, Sheikh, H, Sheikh, U, Shepherd, A, Shevelev, A, Shigin, P, Shinohara, K, Shiraiwa, S, Shiraki, D, Short, M, Sias, G, Silburn, S, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silva, J, Silvagni, D, Simfukwe, D, Simpson, J, Sinclair, D, Sipila, S, Sips, A, Siren, P, Sirinelli, A, Sjostrand, H, 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D, Teimane, A, Telesca, G, Teplova, N, Teplukhina, A, Terentyev, D, Terra, A, Terranova, D, Terranova, N, Testa, D, Tholerus, E, Thomas, J, Thoren, E, Thorman, A, Tierens, W, Tinguely, R, Tipton, A, Todd, H, Tokitani, M, Tolias, P, Tomes, M, Tookey, A, Torikai, Y, von Toussaint, U, Tsavalas, P, Tskhakaya, D, Turner, I, Turner, M, Turnyanskiy, M, Tvalashvili, G, Tyrrell, S, Tyshchenko, M, Uccello, A, Udintsev, V, Urbanczyk, G, Vadgama, A, Valcarcel, D, Valisa, M, Olivares, P, Vallhagen, O, Van Eester, D, Varje, J, Vartanian, S, Vasilopoulou, T, Vayakis, G, Vecsei, M, Vega, J, Ventre, S, Verdoolaege, G, Verona, C, Rinati, G, Veshchev, E, Vianello, N, Viezzer, E, Vignitchouk, L, Vila, R, Villari, R, Villone, F, Vincenzi, P, Vinyar, I, Viola, B, Virtanen, A, Vitins, A, Vizvary, Z, Vlad, G, Vlad, M, Vondracek, P, de Vries, P, Wakeling, B, Walkden, N, Walker, M, Walker, R, Walsh, M, Wang, E, Wang, N, Warder, S, Warren, R, Waterhouse, J, Watts, C, Wauters, T, Weckmann, A, Maxwell, H, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Weiszflog, M, Welch, P, Wendler, N, West, A, Wheatley, M, Wheeler, S, Whitehead, A, Whittaker, D, Widdowson, A, Wiesen, S, Wilkinson, J, Williams, J, Willoughby, D, Wilson, I, Wilson, J, Wilson, T, Wischmeier, M, Wise, P, Withenshaw, G, Withycombe, A, Witts, D, Wojcik-Gargula, A, Wolfrum, E, Wood, R, Woodley, C, Woodley, R, Woods, B, Wright, J, Xu, T, Yadikin, D, Yajima, M, Yakovenko, Y, Yang, Y, Yanling, W, Yanovskiy, V, Young, I, Young, R, Zabolockis, R, Zacks, J, Zagorski, R, Zaitsev, F, Zakharov, L, Zarins, A, Fernandez, D, Zastrow, K, Zayachuk, Y, Zerbini, M, Zhang, W, Zhou, Y, Zlobinski, M, Zocco, A, Zohar, A, Zoita, V, Zoletnik, S, Zotta, V, Zoulias, I, Zwingmann, W, Zychor, I, Alekseev, AG, Sunden, EA, Angelini, BM, Appel, LC, Bandaru, VK, Baranov, YF, Beaumont, PS, Bizarro, JPS, Mihalic, IB, Bradnam, SC, Carvalho, IS, Casson, FJ, Catalan, JP, Challis, CD, Chang, CS, Coad, JP, Coenen, JW, Coffey, IH, Conway, NJ, Esposito, MC, Day, IE, Dendy, RO, Doerner, RP, Donne, AJH, Eriksson, LG, Esquisabel, AL, Ferreira, DR, Field, AR, Fontdecaba, JM, Gerasimov, SN, Giacalone, JC, Gibson, KJ, Graves, JP, Hall, SA, Ham, CJ, Harrison, JR, Hatch, DR, Hawkes, NC, Henderson, SS, Henriques, RB, Hillesheim, JC, Horton, LD, Huijsmans, GTA, Bjork, KI, Rodriguez, JJ, Kazakov, YO, Keeling, DL, Kim, HT, Kim, SH, King, DB, Kiptily, VG, Kirov, KK, Koslowski, HR, Kukushkin, AB, Kwon, OJ, Lambertz, HT, Neto, EL, Lawson, KD, Lee, SE, Leggate, HJ, Gutierrez, EL, Lomas, PJ, Lopez, JM, Loschiavo, VP, Lungu, CP, Maggi, CF, Mantsinen, MJ, Martin, AJ, Matthews, GF, Mayoral, ML, McAdams, R, McCarthy, PJ, McClements, KG, McClenaghan, J, McCullen, P, McDonald, DC, McGuckin, D, McHugh, D, McIntyre, G, McKean, R, McKehon, J, McMillan, B, McNamee, L, McShee, A, Meekes, CJ, Meigs, AG, Asp, AM, Morales, RB, Morrison, KM, Na, YS, Nave, MFF, Neverov, VS, Nielsen, AH, Nobs, CR, Noterdaeme, JM, Oliver, HJC, Packer, LW, Pamela, SJP, Parail, VV, Diaz, FP, Soldan, CP, Cippo, EP, von Thun, CP, de Sa, WP, dos Reis, AP, van de Plassche, KL, Poli, FM, Pompilian, OG, Porfiri, MT, Rasmussen, JJ, Richiusa, ML, Rimini, FG, Roach, CM, Ramos, MR, Ruiz, JR, Schneider, PA, Sharapov, SE, Silburn, SA, Sipila, SK, Sips, ACC, Solano, ER, Strauss, HR, Stuart, CI, Sun, HJ, Susts, TE, Teimane, AS, Tinguely, RA, Turner, MM, Olivares, PV, Rinati, GV, Virtanen, AJ, Walkden, NR, Maxwell, HW, Williams, JC, Wright, JC, Zabolockis, RJ, Zaitsev, FS, Fernandez, DZ, Zastrow, KD, and Zotta, VK
Abstract: The JET 2019-2020 scientific and technological programme exploited the results of years of concerted scientific and engineering work, including the ITER-like wall (ILW: Be wall and W divertor) installed in 2010, improved diagnostic capabilities now fully available, a major neutral beam injection upgrade providing record power in 2019-2020, and tested the technical and procedural preparation for safe operation with tritium. Research along three complementary axes yielded a wealth of new results. Firstly, the JET plasma programme delivered scenarios suitable for high fusion power and alpha particle (alpha) physics in the coming D-T campaign (DTE2), with record sustained neutron rates, as well as plasmas for clarifying the impact of isotope mass on plasma core, edge and plasma-wall interactions, and for ITER pre-fusion power operation. The efficacy of the newly installed shattered pellet injector for mitigating disruption forces and runaway electrons was demonstrated. Secondly, research on the consequences of long-term exposure to JET-ILW plasma was completed, with emphasis on wall damage and fuel retention, and with analyses of wall materials and dust particles that will help validate assumptions and codes for design and operation of ITER and DEMO. Thirdly, the nuclear technology programme aiming to deliver maximum technological return from operations in D, T and D-T benefited from the highest D-D neutron yield in years, securing results for validating radiation transport and activation codes, and nuclear data for ITER.
Published: 2022

4. Expansion of the fern genus Lecanopteris to encompass some species previously included in Microsorum and Colysis (Polypodiaceae)

Author: Perrie, LR, Field, AR, Ohlsen, DJ, Brownsey, PJ, Perrie, LR, Field, AR, Ohlsen, DJ, and Brownsey, PJ
Abstract: The fern genus Microsorum is not monophyletic, with previous phylogenetic analyses finding three lineages to group not with the type species, but to form a grade related to the 13 species of Lecanopteris. These three lineages have recently been recognised as separate genera: Bosmania , Dendroconche, and Zealandia. Here, we explore the morphological characterisation of Lecanopteris and these other three lecanopteroid genera. While the\ traditional circumscription of Lecanopteris has seemed sacrosanct, its defining morphological character states of rhizome cavities and ant brooding associations occur in other lecanopteroid ferns and elsewhere in the Polypodiaceae. Instead, we suggest that the morphological characterisation of an expanded Lecanopteris including the Dendroconche and Zealandia lineages is just as good, if not better, with the pertinent character states being the absence of sclerenchyma strands in the rhizome and atleast some fronds having Nooteboom's type 5 venation pattern. This wider circumscription is also better able to accommodate phylogenetic uncertainty, and it means that groups of species traditionally placed together in a single genus are not distributed across different genera. General users familiar with the narrower circumscription of Lecanopteris will not be significantly disrupted, because there is little geographic overlap with the lineages added to the genus. Consequently, we make new combinations in Lecanopteris for 11 species and one subspecies.
Published: 2021

5. Measurement and physical interpretation of the mean motion of turbulent density patterns detected by the BES system on MAST

Author: Ghim, Y-C, Field, AR, Dunai, D, Zoletnik, S, Bardoczi, L, Schekochihin, AA, and Team, TMAST
Subjects: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics::Plasma Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: The mean motion of turbulent patterns detected by a two-dimensional (2D) beam emission spectroscopy (BES) diagnostic on the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST) is determined using a cross-correlation time delay (CCTD) method. Statistical reliability of the method is studied by means of synthetic data analysis. The experimental measurements on MAST indicate that the apparent mean poloidal motion of the turbulent density patterns in the lab frame arises because the longest correlation direction of the patterns (parallel to the local background magnetic fields) is not parallel to the direction of the fastest mean plasma flows (usually toroidal when strong neutral beam injection is present). The experimental measurements are consistent with the mean motion of plasma being toroidal. The sum of all other contributions (mean poloidal plasma flow, phase velocity of the density patterns in the plasma frame, non-linear effects, etc.) to the apparent mean poloidal velocity of the density patterns is found to be negligible. These results hold in all investigated L-mode, H-mode and internal transport barrier (ITB) discharges. The one exception is a high-poloidal-beta (the ratio of the plasma pressure to the poloidal magnetic field energy density) discharge, where a large magnetic island exists. In this case BES detects very little motion. This effect is currently theoretically unexplained., 28 pages, 15 figures, submitted to PPCF
Published: 2016

6. Australasian Huperzia as potential sources of Huperzine A and B

Author: Lim, WH, primary, Goodger, JQG, additional, Field, AR, additional, Holtum, JAM, additional, and Woodrow, IE, additional
Published: 2009
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7. First results from MAST

Author: Sykes, A, Akers, RJ, Appel, LC, Arends, ER, Carolan, PC, Conway, NJ, Counsell, GF, Cunningham, G, Dnestrovskij, A, Dnestrovskij, YN, Field, AR, Fielding, SJ, Gryaznevich, MP, Korsholm, S, Laird, E. A., Martin, R, Nightingale, MPS, Roach, CM, Tournianski, MR, Walsh, MJ, Warrick, CD, Wilson, HR, You, S, MAST Team, NBI Team, Sykes, A, Akers, RJ, Appel, LC, Arends, ER, Carolan, PC, Conway, NJ, Counsell, GF, Cunningham, G, Dnestrovskij, A, Dnestrovskij, YN, Field, AR, Fielding, SJ, Gryaznevich, MP, Korsholm, S, Laird, E. A., Martin, R, Nightingale, MPS, Roach, CM, Tournianski, MR, Walsh, MJ, Warrick, CD, Wilson, HR, You, S, MAST Team, and NBI Team
Abstract: MAST is one of the new generation of large, purpose-built spherical tokamaks (STs) now becoming operational, designed to investigate the properties of the ST in large, collisionless plasmas. The first six months of MAST operations have been remarkably successful. Operationally, both merging-compression and the more usual solenoid induction schemes have been demonstrated, the former providing over 400 kA of plasma current with no demand on solenoid flux. Good vacuum conditions and operational conditions, particularly after boronization in trimethylated boron, have provided plasma current of over 1 MA with central plasma temperatures (ohmic) of order I keV. The Hugill and Greenwald limits can be exceeded and H mode achieved at modest additional NBI power. Moreover, particle and energy confinement show an immediate increase at the L-H transition, unlike the case of START, where this became apparent only at the highest plasma currents. Halo currents are small, with low toroidal peaking factors, in accordance with theoretical predictions, and there is evidence of a resilience to the major disruption.
Published: 2001

8. New species of the genus Shelfordina Hebard with taxonomic and ecological notes and a key to the known Australian species (Blattodea: Ectobiidae: Pseudophyllodromiinae).

Author: Rentz DC, Field AR, and Su YN
Subjects: Animals, Male, Australia, Female, Organ Size, Body Size, Animal Structures anatomy & histology, Animal Structures growth & development, Cockroaches classification, Cockroaches anatomy & histology, Ecosystem, Animal Distribution
Abstract: Three species in the ectobiid genus Shelfordina are highlighted with two described as new. The Orchid Cockroach, S. orchidae (Asahina) is included because of its occurrence in living orchid collections. A key to the known Australian species is included.
Published: 2024
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9. Comparing pedestal structure in JET-ILW H-mode plasmas with a model for stiff ETG turbulent heat transport.

Author: Field AR, Chapman-Oplopoiou B, Connor JW, Frassinetti L, Hatch DR, Roach CM, and Saarelma S
Abstract: A predictive model for the electron temperature profile of the H-mode pedestal is described, and its results are compared with the pedestal structure of JET-ILW plasmas. The model is based on a scaling for the gyro-Bohm normalized, turbulent electron heat flux [Formula: see text] resulting from electron temperature gradient (ETG) turbulence, derived from results of nonlinear gyrokinetic (GK) calculations for the steep gradient region. By using the local temperature gradient scale length [Formula: see text] in the normalization, the dependence of [Formula: see text] on the normalized gradients [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] can be represented by a unified scaling with the parameter [Formula: see text], to which the linear stability of ETG turbulence is sensitive when the density gradient is sufficiently steep. For a prescribed density profile, the value of [Formula: see text] determined from this scaling, required to maintain a constant electron heat flux [Formula: see text] across the pedestal, is used to calculate the temperature profile. Reasonable agreement with measurements is found for different cases, the model providing an explanation of the relative widths and shifts of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] profiles, as well as highlighting the importance of the separatrix boundary conditions. Other cases showing disagreement indicate conditions where other branches of turbulence might dominate. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'H-mode transition and pedestal studies in fusion plasmas'.
Published: 2023
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10. Overview and first measurements of the MAST Upgrade bolometer diagnostic.

Author: Lovell J, Reinke ML, Field AR, and Lomanowski BA
Abstract: A suite of multi-channel resistive bolometers has been implemented to measure the total radiation from Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak Upgrade plasmas, with cameras covering the core plasma and lower divertor chamber. Data are digitized and processed using novel field-programmable gate array-based electronics, offering improved compactness and new operational capabilities. A synthetic diagnostic has been developed to explore the quality of 2D reconstructions available from the system and to quantify the uncertainty on quantities such as the total radiated power. Measurements in the first campaign have demonstrated correct functioning of the diagnostic while also highlighting issues with electrical noise and some failure mechanisms of the detectors, as well as significant neutral beam fast-particle losses.
Published: 2023
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11. Integrator endonuclease drives promoter-proximal termination at all RNA polymerase II-transcribed loci.

Author: Stein CB, Field AR, Mimoso CA, Zhao C, Huang KL, Wagner EJ, and Adelman K
Subjects: Promoter Regions, Genetic, RNA, Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases metabolism, Transcription, Genetic, RNA Polymerase II genetics, RNA Polymerase II metabolism, Endonucleases genetics
Abstract: RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) pausing in early elongation is critical for gene regulation. Paused RNAPII can be released into productive elongation by the kinase P-TEFb or targeted for premature termination by the Integrator complex. Integrator comprises endonuclease and phosphatase activities, driving termination by cleavage of nascent RNA and removal of stimulatory phosphorylation. We generated a degron system for rapid Integrator endonuclease (INTS11) depletion to probe the direct consequences of Integrator-mediated RNA cleavage. Degradation of INTS11 elicits nearly universal increases in active early elongation complexes. However, these RNAPII complexes fail to achieve optimal elongation rates and exhibit persistent Integrator phosphatase activity. Thus, only short transcripts are significantly upregulated following INTS11 loss, including transcription factors, signaling regulators, and non-coding RNAs. We propose a uniform molecular function for INTS11 across all RNAPII-transcribed loci, with differential effects on particular genes, pathways, or RNA biotypes reflective of transcript lengths rather than specificity of Integrator activity., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests K.A. received research funding from Novartis not related to this work, is on the SAB of CAMP4 Therapeutics, and is a member of the Advisory Board of Molecular Cell., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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12. HybPhaser identifies hybrid evolution in Australian Thelypteridaceae.

Author: Bloesch Z, Nauheimer L, Elias Almeida T, Crayn D, and Field AR
Subjects: Australia, Evolution, Molecular, Hybridization, Genetic, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Ferns
Abstract: Hybridisation has been proposed to play an important role in fern evolution, but has been difficult to investigate. This study explores the utility of target sequence capture and read-to-reference phasing of putative hybrids to investigate the role of evolutionary reticulation in ferns using Australian Thelypteridaceae as a model. The bioinformatics workflow HybPhaser was used to assess divergence between alleles, phase sequence reads to references and construct accessions resembling parental haplotypes. These accessions were included in phylogenetic and network analyses to detect hybrids and infer their parentage. This approach identified two novel hybrid lineages in Thelypteridaceae, one occurring between two different genera (Abacopteris and Christella), and another as part of a complex of Christella. In addition, hybrid phasing successfully reduced conflicting data and improved overall resolution in the Thelypteridaceae phylogeny, highlighting the power of this approach for reconstructing evolutionary history in reticulated lineages., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
Published: 2022
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13. The Origins of the Platonic Academy of Florence

Author: FIELD, ARTHUR M. and FIELD, ARTHUR M.
Published: 2014
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14. A permineralized Early Cretaceous lycopsid from China and the evolution of crown clubmosses.

Author: Herrera F, Testo WL, Field AR, Clark EG, Herendeen PS, Crane PR, and Shi G
Subjects: Biological Evolution, China, X-Ray Microtomography, Fossils, Lycopodiaceae classification, Phylogeny
Abstract: Lycopodiaceae are one of three surviving families of lycopsids, a lineage of vascular plants with a fossil history dating to at least the Early Devonian or perhaps the Late Silurian (c. 415 Ma). Many fossils have been linked to crown Lycopodiaceae, but the lack of well-preserved material has hindered definitive recognition of this group in the paleobotanical record. New, exceptionally well-preserved permineralized lycopsid fossils from the Early Cretaceous (125.6 ± 1.0 Ma) of Inner Mongolia, China, were examined in detail using acetate peel and micro-computed tomography techniques. The anatomy of extant Lycopodiaceae was analyzed for comparison using fluorescence microscopy. Phylogenetic relationships of the new fossil to extant Lycopodiaceae were evaluated using parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses. Lycopodicaulis oellgaardii gen. et sp. nov. provides the earliest unequivocal and best-documented evidence of crown Lycopodiaceae and Lycopodioideae, based on anatomically-preserved fossil material. Recognition of Lycopodicaulis in Asia during the Early Cretaceous indicates the presence of crown Lycopodiaceae at this time, and striking similarities of stem anatomy with extant species provide a framework for the understanding of the interaction of branching and vascular anatomy in crown-group lycopsids., (© 2021 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2021 New Phytologist Foundation.)
Published: 2022
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15. Critical analysis of the quality of internet resources for patients with varicose veins.

Author: Yan Q, Field AR, Jensen KJ, Goei C, Jiang Z, and Davies MG
Subjects: Comprehension, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, Consumer Health Information standards, Internet standards, Patient Education as Topic standards, Varicose Veins
Abstract: Objective: Patients increasingly seek information on their medical conditions from the internet. The present study evaluated the quality and readability of readily available online patient resources for varicose veins., Methods: An internet search for "varicose veins" was conducted using the meta-search engines Yippy and Dogpile and the general search engines Google, Yahoo, and Bing with a cleared-cache web browser in July 2019. Two trained raters scored the websites separately on the dimensions of accessibility, accountability, interactivity, structure, and content. Any discrepancies were discussed, and a consensus was reached. Readability was calculated using four readability metric systems. Rater consistency was evaluated using kappa, weighted kappa, and interrater correlation coefficient, as indicated., Results: A total of 189 websites met the inclusion criteria. The total median quality score was 15.6 (interquartile range [IQR], 13.1-20.5; range, 7.4-31.3) of 38. The websites scored a median of 4 (IQR, 1-8) of 15 for accountability, 2 (IQR, 2-2) of 5 for interactivity, 4 (IQR, 2-4) of 4 for organization, and 6.4 (IQR, 3.9-7.9) of 14 for weighted content. Most websites (81.5%) were accessible. However, the overall readability was poor. The median Flesch-Kincaid reading ease score was 55.1 (IQR, 49.4-6.7), indicating that the text was fairly difficult to read. The median grade level was 10th grade using both the Flesch-Kincaid grade level and simple measure of the Gobbledygook index and 11th to 12th grade using the new Dale-Chall readability formula. Government websites were the most accountable, featured the best content, and were the most readable. The website traffic had a positive, nonlinear correlation with the total score and a negative, nonlinear correlation with the website rank (or position on the search result page). Website rank correlated negatively with the total score, although the correlation was weak., Conclusions: The quality of the online patient resources on varicose veins varies greatly, and the readability for most sites is poor. Government-sponsored websites had the highest quality and were the most readable. Physicians are advised to consider providing a list of appropriate websites to their patients to better inform them, avoid confusion, and ensure appropriate delivery of accurate and readable information., (Copyright © 2020 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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16. Digital Footprint of Academic Vascular Surgeons in the Southern United States on Physician Rating Websites: Cross-sectional Evaluation Study.

Author: Yan Q, Jensen KJ, Thomas R, Field AR, Jiang Z, Goei C, and Davies MG
Abstract: Background: The internet has become a popular platform for patients to obtain information and to review the health care providers they interact with. However, little is known about the digital footprint of vascular surgeons and their interactions with patients on social media., Objective: This study aims to understand the activity of academic vascular surgeons on physician rating websites., Methods: Information on attending vascular surgeons affiliated with vascular residency or with fellowships in the Southern Association for Vascular Surgery (SAVS) was collected from public sources. A listing of websites containing physician ratings was obtained via literature reviews and Google search. Open access websites with either qualitative or quantitative evaluations of vascular surgeons were included. Closed access websites were excluded. Ranking scores from each website were converted to a standard 5-point scale for comparison., Results: A total of 6238 quantitative and 967 qualitative reviews were written for 287 physicians (236 males, 82.2%) across 16 websites that met the inclusion criteria out of the 62 websites screened. The surgeons affiliated with the integrated vascular residency and vascular fellowship programs in SAVS had a median of 8 (IQR 7-10) profiles across 16 websites, with only 1 surgeon having no web presence in any of the websites. The median number of quantitative ratings for each physician was 17 (IQR 6-34, range 1-137) and the median number of narrative reviews was 3 (IQR 2-6, range 1-28). Vitals, WebMD, and Healthgrades were the only 3 websites where over a quarter of the physicians were rated, and those rated had more than 5 ratings on average. The median score for the quantitative reviews was 4.4 (IQR 4.0-4.9). Most narrative reviews (758/967, 78.4%) were positive, but 20.2% (195/967) were considered negative; only 1.4% (14/967) were considered equivocal. No statistical difference was found in the number of quantitative reviews or in the overall average score in the physician ratings between physicians with social media profiles and those without social media profiles (departmental social media profile: median 23 vs 15, respectively, P=.22; personal social media profile: median 19 vs 14, respectively, P=.08)., Conclusions: The representation of vascular surgeons on physician rating websites is varied, with the majority of the vascular surgeons represented only in half of the physician rating websites The number of quantitative and qualitative reviews for academic vascular surgeons is low. No vascular surgeon responded to any of the reviews. The activity of vascular surgeons in this area of social media is low and reflects only a small digital footprint that patients can reach and review., (©Qi Yan, Katherine J Jensen, Rose Thomas, Alyssa R Field, Zheng Jiang, Christian Goei, Mark G Davies. Originally published in JMIR Cardio (http://cardio.jmir.org), 24.02.2021.)
Published: 2021
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17. Structurally Conserved Primate LncRNAs Are Transiently Expressed during Human Cortical Differentiation and Influence Cell-Type-Specific Genes.

Author: Field AR, Jacobs FMJ, Fiddes IT, Phillips APR, Reyes-Ortiz AM, LaMontagne E, Whitehead L, Meng V, Rosenkrantz JL, Olsen M, Hauessler M, Katzman S, Salama SR, and Haussler D
Subjects: Animals, Cell Line, Gene Expression Profiling methods, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Organoids physiology, Pluripotent Stem Cells physiology, Primates, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Transcriptome genetics, Cell Differentiation genetics, Cerebral Cortex physiology, Gene Expression Regulation genetics, RNA, Long Noncoding genetics
Abstract: The cerebral cortex has expanded in size and complexity in primates, yet the molecular innovations that enabled primate-specific brain attributes remain obscure. We generated cerebral cortex organoids from human, chimpanzee, orangutan, and rhesus pluripotent stem cells and sequenced their transcriptomes at weekly time points for comparative analysis. We used transcript structure and expression conservation to discover gene regulatory long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Of 2,975 human, multi-exonic lncRNAs, 2,472 were structurally conserved in at least one other species and 920 were conserved in all. Three hundred eighty-six human lncRNAs were transiently expressed (TrEx) and many were also TrEx in great apes (46%) and rhesus (31%). Many TrEx lncRNAs are expressed in specific cell types by single-cell RNA sequencing. Four TrEx lncRNAs selected based on cell-type specificity, gene structure, and expression pattern conservation were ectopically expressed in HEK293 cells by CRISPRa. All induced trans gene expression changes were consistent with neural gene regulatory activity., (Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2019
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18. Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis (Huperzioideae, Lycopodiaceae) a new species from Vanuatu, re-circumscription of P.nummulariifolius and new combinations in Phlegmariurus .

Author: Field AR
Abstract: Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis A.R.Field is described as a new species for plants endemic to the islands of Vanuatu that were previously identified with P.nummulariifolius (Blume) Ching. The Vanuatuan species differs from the widespread Asian-Oceanian species in several characteristics, most notably its acutely divergent leaf arrangement and thicker less branched fertile spikes. Phlegmariurusnummulariifolius is here re-circumscribed as plants occurring in Asia and into Oceania as far east as the Solomon Islands, being replaced eastwards by P.vanuatuensis . In addition, new nomenclatural combinations are made for Phlegmariurusaustralis , a species from Polynesia and for Phlegmariuruscopelandianus , a species from Malesia.
Published: 2018
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19. First insights on the biogeographical history of Phlegmariurus (Lycopodiaceae), with a focus on Madagascar.

Author: Bauret L, Field AR, Gaudeul M, Selosse MA, and Rouhan G
Subjects: Fossils, Islands, Lycopodiaceae genetics, Madagascar, Phylogeny, Phylogeography, Plastids genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Lycopodiaceae classification
Abstract: We explored the biogeographical history of a group of spore-bearing plants focusing on Phlegmariurus (Lycopodiaceae), a genus of lycophytes comprising ca. 250 species. Given its wide distribution in the Southern Hemisphere, Phlegmariurus provides a good model to address questions about the biogeographical processes underlying southern distributions, notably in Madagascar and surrounding islands, also called the Western Indian Ocean (WIO). Our aims were (i) to discuss the systematics of the Malagasy species in the light of molecular phylogenetic results, (ii) to provide the first dating analysis focused on Phlegmariurus and (iii) to understand the relative role of vicariance, dispersal and diversification in the origin of the Malagasy Phlegmariurus species. The phylogenetic relationships were inferred based on three plastid DNA regions (rbcL, trnH-psbA and trnL+trnL-trnF) and on a dataset comprising 93 species, including 16 Malagasy species (80% of the total Malagasy diversity for the genus). Our results highlighted the need to combine Malagasy Huperzia species in Phlegmariurus, as well as the polyphyly of widely distributed species: Phlegmariurus phlegmaria, P. squarrosus and P. verticillatus with the Malagasy species not belonging with the types of P. phlegmaria or P. squarrosus. This led us to propose new circumscriptions of Phlegmariurus species, especially in the WIO. Our dating analysis, relying on fossil calibrations, showed that Phlegmariurus would have originated in the Late Cretaceous and diversified in the Early Eocene. The biogeographical analysis highlighted uncertainties about the biogeographical origins of Phlegmariurus: the genus would have started to diversify in an ancestral range covering at least the Neotropics and Australasia. Hypotheses on the biogeographical history of Phlegmariurus were discussed, especially the roles of long distance dispersal, migration via Antarctica and via the Boreotropics. Six long distance dispersal events over the last 40 Ma would explain the Malagasy species diversity of Phlegmariurus, in combination with an important in situ diversification starting in the Miocene., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2018
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20. Human-Specific NOTCH2NL Genes Affect Notch Signaling and Cortical Neurogenesis.

Author: Fiddes IT, Lodewijk GA, Mooring M, Bosworth CM, Ewing AD, Mantalas GL, Novak AM, van den Bout A, Bishara A, Rosenkrantz JL, Lorig-Roach R, Field AR, Haeussler M, Russo L, Bhaduri A, Nowakowski TJ, Pollen AA, Dougherty ML, Nuttle X, Addor MC, Zwolinski S, Katzman S, Kriegstein A, Eichler EE, Salama SR, Jacobs FMJ, and Haussler D
Subjects: Animals, Cell Differentiation, Embryonic Stem Cells metabolism, Female, Gene Deletion, Genes, Reporter, Gorilla gorilla, HEK293 Cells, Humans, Neocortex cytology, Neural Stem Cells metabolism, Neuroglia metabolism, Neurons metabolism, Pan troglodytes, Receptor, Notch2 genetics, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Brain embryology, Cerebral Cortex physiology, Neurogenesis physiology, Receptor, Notch2 metabolism, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Genetic changes causing brain size expansion in human evolution have remained elusive. Notch signaling is essential for radial glia stem cell proliferation and is a determinant of neuronal number in the mammalian cortex. We find that three paralogs of human-specific NOTCH2NL are highly expressed in radial glia. Functional analysis reveals that different alleles of NOTCH2NL have varying potencies to enhance Notch signaling by interacting directly with NOTCH receptors. Consistent with a role in Notch signaling, NOTCH2NL ectopic expression delays differentiation of neuronal progenitors, while deletion accelerates differentiation into cortical neurons. Furthermore, NOTCH2NL genes provide the breakpoints in 1q21.1 distal deletion/duplication syndrome, where duplications are associated with macrocephaly and autism and deletions with microcephaly and schizophrenia. Thus, the emergence of human-specific NOTCH2NL genes may have contributed to the rapid evolution of the larger human neocortex, accompanied by loss of genomic stability at the 1q21.1 locus and resulting recurrent neurodevelopmental disorders., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2018
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21. Molecular phylogenetics and the morphology of the Lycopodiaceae subfamily Huperzioideae supports three genera: Huperzia, Phlegmariurus and Phylloglossum.

Author: Field AR, Testo W, Bostock PD, Holtum JAM, and Waycott M
Subjects: Bayes Theorem, Biological Evolution, Huperzia genetics, Likelihood Functions, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Plant genetics, Huperzia classification, Phylogeny
Abstract: The generic classification of huperzioid Lycopodiaceae was tested using Bayesian inference and Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from four chloroplast loci for 119 taxa and optimisation of 29 morphological characteristics onto the phylogeny. Consistent with previous studies, the subfamilies Lycopodioideae and Huperzioideae are monophyletic and diagnosable by synapomorphies that correlate with differences in their life-histories. Within the Huperzioideae, the monophyly of the widely adopted genus Huperzia (excl. Phylloglossum) is poorly supported. Three clades of huperzioid Lycopodiaceae were recovered in all analyses of molecular data: Phylloglossum drummondii, Huperzia sensu stricto and Phlegmariurus sensu lato. These clades are strongly supported by morphological characters, including differences in spores, gametophytes, sporophyte macro-morphology, as well as growth habit and life-histories. Our findings indicate that either a one-genus (Huperzia s.l.) or a three-genus (Phylloglossum, Huperzia s.s. and Phlegmariurus s.l.) classification of huperzioid Lycopods are equally supported by molecular evidence, but a two-genus system (Huperzia s.l.+Phylloglossum) is not. We recommend recognising three genera in the huperzioid Lycopodiaceae, as this classification best reflects evolutionary, ecological, and morphological divergence within the lineage., (Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2016
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22. Characterization of microsatellite loci for an Australian epiphytic orchid, Dendrobium calamiforme, using Illumina sequencing.

Author: Trapnell DW, Beasley RR, Lance SL, Field AR, and Jones KL
Abstract: Premise of the Study: Microsatellite loci were developed for the epiphytic pencil orchid Dendrobium calamiforme for population genetic and phylogeographic investigation of this Australian taxon., Methods and Results: Nineteen microsatellite loci were identified from an Illumina paired-end shotgun library of D. calamiforme. Polymorphism and genetic diversity were assessed in 24 individuals from five populations separated by a maximum distance of ∼80 km. All loci were polymorphic with two to 14 alleles per locus, expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.486 to 0.902, and probability of identity values ranging from 0.018 to 0.380., Conclusions: These novel markers will serve as valuable tools for investigation of levels of genetic diversity as well as patterns of gene flow, genetic structure, and phylogeographic history.
Published: 2015
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23. Experimental signatures of critically balanced turbulence in MAST.

Author: Ghim YC, Schekochihin AA, Field AR, Abel IG, Barnes M, Colyer G, Cowley SC, Parra FI, Dunai D, and Zoletnik S
Abstract: Beam emission spectroscopy (BES) measurements of ion-scale density fluctuations in the MAST tokamak are used to show that the turbulence correlation time, the drift time associated with ion temperature or density gradients, the particle (ion) streaming time along the magnetic field, and the magnetic drift time are consistently comparable, suggesting a "critically balanced" turbulence determined by the local equilibrium. The resulting scalings of the poloidal and radial correlation lengths are derived and tested. The nonlinear time inferred from the density fluctuations is longer than the other times; its ratio to the correlation time scales as ν(*i)(-0.8 ± 0.1), where ν(*i) = ion collision rate/streaming rate. This is consistent with turbulent decorrelation being controlled by a zonal component, invisible to the BES, with an amplitude exceeding those of the drift waves by ∼ ν(*i)(-0.8).
Published: 2013
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24. New and existing combinations in Palaeotropical Phlegmariurus (Lycopodiaceae) and lectotypification of the type species Phlegmariurus phlegmaria (L.) T.Sen & U.Sen.

Author: Field AR and Bostock PD
Abstract: The genus Phlegmariurus Holubis recognised more widely than originally proposed and is circumscribed to include both Neotropic and Palaeotropic epiphytic and terrestrial species of Huperzioid Lycopodiaceae that have isotomous shoots, lack bulbils in their sporophyllous shoots and have spores with convex lateral margins and foveolate-fossulate sculpture restricted to their distal surfaces. New combinations with Phlegmariurus are proposed for 81 species and existing combinations identified for 33 species originating from the Palaeotropics. This installs a generic circumscription that is consistent between the Neotropics and Palaeotropics. A lectotype is designated for the type species of the genus, Phlegmariurus phlegmaria (L.) T.Sen & U.Sen.
Published: 2013
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25. Beam emission spectroscopy turbulence imaging system for the MAST spherical tokamak.

Author: Field AR, Dunai D, Gaffka R, Ghim YC, Kiss I, Mészáros B, Krizsanóczi T, Shibaev S, and Zoletnik S
Abstract: A new beam emission spectroscopy turbulence imaging system has recently been installed onto the MAST spherical tokamak. The system utilises a high-throughput, direct coupled imaging optics, and a single large interference filter for collection of the Doppler shifted D(α) emission from the ~2 MW heating beam of ~70 keV injection energy. The collected light is imaged onto a 2D array detector with 8 × 4 avalanche photodiode sensors which is incorporated into a custom camera unit to perform simultaneous 14-bit digitization at 2 MHz of all 32 channels. The array is imaged at the beam to achieve a spatial resolution of ~2 cm in the radial (horizontal) and poloidal (vertical) directions, which is sufficient for detection of the ion-scale plasma turbulence. At the typical photon fluxes of ~10(11) s(-1) the achieved signal-to-noise ratio of ~300 at the 0.5 MHz analogue bandwidth is sufficient for detection of relative density fluctuations at the level of a few 0.1%. The system is to be utilised for the study of the characteristics of the broadband, ion-scale turbulence, in particular its interaction with flow shear, as well as coherent fluctuations due to various types of MHD activity.
Published: 2012
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26. The ecological validity of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure: predicting everyday problems in children with neuropsychological disorders.

Author: Davies SR, Field AR, Andersen T, and Pestell C
Subjects: Adolescent, Age Distribution, Child, Executive Function physiology, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Personality Inventory, Photic Stimulation methods, Predictive Value of Tests, Reproducibility of Results, Statistics as Topic, Activities of Daily Living, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Cognition Disorders psychology, Neuropsychological Tests, Pattern Recognition, Visual physiology, Space Perception physiology
Abstract: Despite its extensive use, the validity of the Rey Complex Figure in predicting everyday behavioral executive dysfunction displayed by children with various neuropsychological disorders is unknown. The copied figures of 263 children aged 6 to 17 years were rescored using an accuracy approach that measured visuospatial ability and three process approaches developed to measure executive functioning. Controlling for age and IQ, partial correlations between scores derived by all scoring methods and the parent ratings on an executive function inventory were zero. In contrast, all four scoring approaches were associated with parent ratings on questionnaires that indexed children's academic achievement, developmental status, and adaptive ability. The findings suggest that the ecological validity of the Rey Complex Figure for children with various central nervous system disorders is more associated with visual-motor integration skills than executive functioning.
Published: 2011
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27. Calculation of spatial response of 2D beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic on MAST.

Author: Ghim Kim YC, Field AR, Zoletnik S, and Dunai D
Abstract: The beam emission spectroscopy (BES) turbulence diagnostic on MAST is to be upgraded in June 2010 from a one-dimensional trial system to a two-dimensional imaging system (8 radial×4 poloidal channels) based on a newly developed avalanche photodiode array camera. The spatial resolution of the new system is calculated in terms of the point spread function to account for the effects of field-line curvature, observation geometry, the finite lifetime of the excited state of the beam atoms, and beam attenuation and divergence. It is found that the radial spatial resolution is ∼2-3 cm and the poloidal spatial resolution ∼1-5 cm depending on the radial viewing location. The absolute number of detected photons is also calculated, hence the photon noise level can be determined.
Published: 2010
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28. Avalanche photodiode based detector for beam emission spectroscopy.

Author: Dunai D, Zoletnik S, Sárközi J, and Field AR
Abstract: An avalanche photodiode based (APD) detector for the visible wavelength range was developed for low light level, high frequency beam emission spectroscopy (BES) experiments in fusion plasmas. This solid state detector has higher quantum efficiency than photomultiplier tubes, and unlike normal photodiodes, it has internal gain. This paper describes the developed detector as well as the noise model of the electronic circuit. By understanding the noise sources and the amplification process, the optimal amplifier and APD reverse voltage setting can be determined, where the signal-to-noise ratio is the highest for a given photon flux. The calculations are compared to the absolute calibration results of the implemented circuit. It was found that for a certain photon flux range, relevant for BES measurements (≈10(8)-10(10) photons/s), the new detector is superior to both photomultipliers and photodiodes, although it does not require cryogenic cooling of any component. The position of this photon flux window sensitively depends on the parameters of the actual experimental implementation (desired bandwidth, detector size, etc.) Several detector units based on these developments have been built and installed in various tokamaks. Some illustrative results are presented from the 8-channel trial BES system installed at Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) and the 16-channel BES system installed at the Torus Experiment for Technology Oriented Research (TEXTOR).
Published: 2010
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29. Huperzine alkaloids from Australasian and southeast Asian Huperzia.

Author: Lim WH, Goodger JQ, Field AR, Holtum JA, and Woodrow IE
Subjects: Alkaloids chemistry, Alkaloids isolation & purification, Alkaloids supply & distribution, Asia, Southeastern, Australasia, Cholinesterase Inhibitors chemistry, Cholinesterase Inhibitors isolation & purification, Cholinesterase Inhibitors supply & distribution, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Inflorescence chemistry, Isomerism, Plant Leaves chemistry, Plant Stems chemistry, Sesquiterpenes chemistry, Sesquiterpenes isolation & purification, Sesquiterpenes supply & distribution, Species Specificity, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Alkaloids analysis, Cholinesterase Inhibitors analysis, Huperzia chemistry, Sesquiterpenes analysis
Abstract: Context: The pharmaceutical alkaloid huperzine A (HupA), currently used in herbal supplements and medicines worldwide, is predominantly sourced from the Chinese lycopod Huperzia serrata (Thunb. ex Murray) Trev. (Lycopodiaceae), which on average contains only 0.08 mg HupA g(-1) dry weight, and is experiencing a rapid decline in China due to over-harvesting., Objective: To find a high-yielding, natural source of HupA and/or the related huperzine B (HupB) that could potentially be used as the starting material in a commercial propagation program., Materials and Methods: We surveyed 17 Huperzia species (15 indigenous to Australia and southeast Asia) for their foliar HupA and HupB concentrations. We also studied intra-specific variation for the huperzines in four species that were available in sufficient numbers, and determined tissue-specific accumulation in larger specimens., Results: HupA was detected in 11 Australasian and southeast Asian species, with eight also containing HupB, albeit at much lower concentrations. A H. elmeri (Herter) Holub plant from the Philippines had one of the highest HupA concentrations recorded (1.01 mg g(-1) dry wt) and it also had the highest HupB content of all plants surveyed (0.34 mg g(-1) dry wt). Intra-specific HupA and HupB concentrations were extremely variable, and at the intra-plant level, reproductive strobili were found to accumulate the highest HupA concentrations., Discussion and Conclusion: Select Huperzia species from Australia and southeast Asia have potential as the starting material for establishing commercial HupA plantations, but the high intra-specific variability observed suggests that detailed screening is needed to isolate high huperzine-yielding individuals.
Published: 2010
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30. Beam emission spectroscopy for density turbulence measurements on the MAST spherical tokamak.

Author: Field AR, Dunai D, Conway NJ, Zoletnik S, and Sárközi J
Abstract: Beam emission spectroscopy (BES) of the energetic deuterium (D(0)) heating beams can provide a means of characterizing the density turbulence in tokamak plasmas. First such measurements have been performed on the MAST spherical tokamak using a trial BES system, which shares the collection optics of the charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy system. This system, with eight spatial channels covering the outer part of the plasma cross section, uses avalanche photodiode detectors with custom preamplifiers to provide measurements at 1 MHz bandwidth with a spatial resolution of 4 cm. Simulations of the measurement, including the beam absorption and excitation, line-of-sight integration of the emission spectrum, and the characteristics of the detection system have been benchmarked against the measured absolute intensity of the Doppler shifted Dalpha fluorescence from the 50 keV beam. This gives confidence in predictions of the performance of a two-dimensional imaging BES system planned for MAST. Correlation techniques have also provided information on the characteristics of the density turbulence at the periphery of L-mode plasmas as well as density perturbations due to coherent magnetohydrodynamic activity at the edge of H-mode plasmas. Precursor oscillations of the density in the pedestal region to edge-localized modes occurring during H-mode plasmas with a single-null diverted magnetic configuration are also observable in the raw signals from the trial BES system.
Published: 2009
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31. Surgical scrubbing: can we clean up our carbon footprints by washing our hands?

Author: Somner JE, Stone N, Koukkoulli A, Scott KM, Field AR, and Zygmunt J
Subjects: Carbon, Greenhouse Effect, Humans, Scotland, Temperature, Conservation of Natural Resources methods, Hand Disinfection methods, Water Supply
Abstract: A growing scientific consensus states that the global climate is changing and that human activity is responsible for these changes. It folLows that each of us has a responsibility to look at how our own lives impact on the environment. This study aimed to investigate water use during surgical scrubbing. Two water delivery systems were assessed to see whether technological innovation can promote more 'environmentally friendly' scrubbing behaviour. At least 10 different individuals, comprising surgeons, assistants and scrub nurses, were observed at two sites. Twenty-five separate surgical scrubs were observed in each location and the length of time for which the tap was on recorded. The tap was on during surgical scrubbing for a mean of 2 min 23 s at Gartnavel General Hospital (maximum: 4 min 37 s; minimum: 49 s; SD: 55 s) and for a mean of 1 min 7 s at Stobhill Hospital (maximum: 2 min 25 s; minimum: 19 s; SD: 33 s). The mean 'tap on' time (in seconds) at Gartnavel was significantly greater than that at Stobhill [t(39.5)=P<0.001]. A different tap design resulted in a net saving of 5.7 L of hot water, approximately 600 kJ of energy and 80 g of carbon dioxide emitted per surgical scrub. Surgical scrubbing is a ubiquitous procedure performed daily in healthcare settings. A simple technological solution can reduce water and energy use by modifying hand-washing behaviour and thereby reduce the carbon footprint of surgical scrubbing.
Published: 2008
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32. L-H transition in the mega-amp spherical tokamak.

Author: Akers RJ, Counsell GF, Sykes A, Appel LC, Arends ER, Byrom C, Carolan PG, Conway NJ, Cunningham G, Dnestrovskij A, Dnestrovskij YN, Field AR, Fielding SJ, Gryaznevich M, Helander P, Kirk A, Korsholm S, Martin R, Meyer H, Nightingale MP, Roach CM, Shevchenko V, Tournianski M, Walsh MJ, and Warrick CD
Abstract: H-mode plasmas have been achieved on the MAST spherical tokamak at input power considerably higher than predicted by conventional threshold scalings. Following L- H transition, a clear improvement in energy confinement is obtained, exceeding recent international scalings even at densities approaching the Greenwald density limit. Transition is accompanied by an order-of-magnitude increase in edge-density gradient, a marked decrease in turbulence, the efficient conversion of internal electron Bernstein waves into free space waves, and the onset and saturation of edge poloidal rotation.
Published: 2002
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33. Charge-exchange-excited line radiation in a tokamak (ASDEX) with neutral-particle-beam injection.

Author: Carolan PG, Duval BP, Field AR, Fielding SJ, Hawkes NC, Peacock NJ, Fussmann G, Janeschitz G, Hofmann J, Behringer KH, and Isler RC
Published: 1987
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33 results on '"Field, AR"'

1. Overview of physics results from MAST towards ITER/DEMO and the MAST Upgrade

2. Screening thousands of transcribed coding and non-coding regions reveals sequence determinants of RNA polymerase II elongation potential

3. Overview of JET results for optimising ITER operation

4. Expansion of the fern genus Lecanopteris to encompass some species previously included in Microsorum and Colysis (Polypodiaceae)

5. Measurement and physical interpretation of the mean motion of turbulent density patterns detected by the BES system on MAST

6. Australasian Huperzia as potential sources of Huperzine A and B

7. First results from MAST

8. New species of the genus Shelfordina Hebard with taxonomic and ecological notes and a key to the known Australian species (Blattodea: Ectobiidae: Pseudophyllodromiinae).

9. Comparing pedestal structure in JET-ILW H-mode plasmas with a model for stiff ETG turbulent heat transport.

10. Overview and first measurements of the MAST Upgrade bolometer diagnostic.

11. Integrator endonuclease drives promoter-proximal termination at all RNA polymerase II-transcribed loci.

12. HybPhaser identifies hybrid evolution in Australian Thelypteridaceae.

13. The Origins of the Platonic Academy of Florence

14. A permineralized Early Cretaceous lycopsid from China and the evolution of crown clubmosses.

15. Critical analysis of the quality of internet resources for patients with varicose veins.

16. Digital Footprint of Academic Vascular Surgeons in the Southern United States on Physician Rating Websites: Cross-sectional Evaluation Study.

17. Structurally Conserved Primate LncRNAs Are Transiently Expressed during Human Cortical Differentiation and Influence Cell-Type-Specific Genes.

18. Phlegmariurusvanuatuensis (Huperzioideae, Lycopodiaceae) a new species from Vanuatu, re-circumscription of P.nummulariifolius and new combinations in Phlegmariurus .

19. First insights on the biogeographical history of Phlegmariurus (Lycopodiaceae), with a focus on Madagascar.

20. Human-Specific NOTCH2NL Genes Affect Notch Signaling and Cortical Neurogenesis.

21. Molecular phylogenetics and the morphology of the Lycopodiaceae subfamily Huperzioideae supports three genera: Huperzia, Phlegmariurus and Phylloglossum.

22. Characterization of microsatellite loci for an Australian epiphytic orchid, Dendrobium calamiforme, using Illumina sequencing.

23. Experimental signatures of critically balanced turbulence in MAST.

24. New and existing combinations in Palaeotropical Phlegmariurus (Lycopodiaceae) and lectotypification of the type species Phlegmariurus phlegmaria (L.) T.Sen & U.Sen.

25. Beam emission spectroscopy turbulence imaging system for the MAST spherical tokamak.

26. The ecological validity of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure: predicting everyday problems in children with neuropsychological disorders.

27. Calculation of spatial response of 2D beam emission spectroscopy diagnostic on MAST.

28. Avalanche photodiode based detector for beam emission spectroscopy.

29. Huperzine alkaloids from Australasian and southeast Asian Huperzia.

30. Beam emission spectroscopy for density turbulence measurements on the MAST spherical tokamak.

31. Surgical scrubbing: can we clean up our carbon footprints by washing our hands?

32. L-H transition in the mega-amp spherical tokamak.

33. Charge-exchange-excited line radiation in a tokamak (ASDEX) with neutral-particle-beam injection.

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33 results on '"Field, AR"'

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