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Delorhachis parvinota Taberer, Fiebig, Giusti and László sp. nov. (Figures 24–26, 77, 106–108, 14 2, 162) Holotype. Male, ′ Ivory Coast, 1171 m, | Mt Tonkoui Peak, | 07°27′15.2̍N, 07°38′12.5″W, | 3–7. v.2017, MV light, | Aristophanous,A., Aristophanous,M., | Geiser,M., Moretto,P. leg., | ANHRT: 2017:25″ || ′ANHRTUK | 00017620̍|| ′ Gen. slide No. | TT 100 J | prep. by T R Taberer ̍(ANHRT). Paratypes. Ivory Coast. 21 males, Mt. Tonkoui Peak, 1171 m, 7.454°N, 7.637°W, 3–7 May 2017, Aristophanous, A., Aristophanous, M., Geiser, M., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2017.25, gen. slide nos. TT 048, TT 049, TT 082, TT 083, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00017622/ANLMN7628-21, unique IDs: ANHRTUK 00017621, 00017622, 00017627–00017631, 00052563, 00086636, 00086638, 00086641, 00086648–00086650, 00086652, 00086654, 00086655, 00086837, 00087127, 00087172, 00087177; 4 males, Mt Nimba camp, 823 m, 7.588°N, 8.418°W, 28 April–8 May 2016, Aristophanous, M., Seiser, M., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2017.17, gen. slide no. TT 093, unique IDs: ANHRTUK 00005563, 00257647–00257649; 2 males, Taï NP, Tai Research Station, 174 m, 5.833°N, 7.342°W, 5–10 July 2015, Aristophanous, M., Moretto, P., Ruzzier, E. leg., ANHRT:2017.14, unique IDs: ANHRTUK 00107774, 00108728. Liberia. 2 males, ENNR, Nimba Mountains, Cellcom Rd., 1300 m, 7.517°N, 8.517°W, 31 March–04 April 2017, Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg., ANHRT:2017.36, unique IDs: ANHRTUK 00235997, 00236009; 1 female, Lofa County, Wologizi Mountains, Ridge Camp 2, 883 m, 8.122°N, 9.947°W, 22–30 November 2018, Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg., ANHRT:2018.43, unique ID: ANHRTUK 00230636 (ANHRT); 1 male, 1 female, Radio masts, East Nimba Nature Reserve, Nimba Mountains, 21–31 August 2013, Sáfián, Sz. leg., SD leg voucher #345, QR code nos. NHMUK 014200606, 014200604, gen. slide no. NHMUK 010317447 (NHMUK). Sierra Leone. 1 male, Western Area Peninsula Forest Reserve, 180 m, 24 October 2015, 8.349°N, 13.178°W, Goff, R., Smith, R., Takano, H. leg., gen. slide no. TT 081, unique ID: ANHRTUK 00224293 (ANHRT). Description External morphology. Male. Fore wing length 11.5–13 mm. Head, collar, tegula, and thorax vermillion, antenna bipectinate in basal fourth, otherwise filiform, colour as of head. Tegula with one green rounded patch. Dorsal side of thorax with a central green patch; ventral side pale beige without markings. Legs vermillion laterally, beige medially. Abdomen uniformly pale beige, first two abdominal segments with vermillion hair scales. Fore wing short, broad, triangular, with rounded apex; ground colour vermillion, veins contrasting black in postmedial area. Medio-ventral fascia Veronese green, very small, rounded, margined with black on distal edge. Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour. Hind wing uniformly pale ochreous with slightly darker, long fringe. Underside of both wings pale vermillion without markings; fringe as ground colour. Female. Fore wing length 14.5–15.5 mm. Body and wing colour as in male. Antenna filiform. Fore wing. Broad with outer margin more evenly arcuate than in males. Green medio-ventral fascia is markedly longer than in males, narrow, almost parallel with outer fore wing margin; costal area with very small, narrow green dash postmedially. Hind wing uniform pale beige; fringe somewhat darker. Underside of wing paler than upper side, both fore- and hind wing uniformly pale vermillion without markings. Male genitalia. Uncus very long, narrow, tapered, apically pointed. Tegumen broad, elongate. Gnathos broad, rounded, tapered post-medially into a rounded-triangular tip. Juxta rounded basally, with two short, ventral, ribbon-like distal processes; manica with a bunch of very long, sclerotised, curled pseudocornuti. Vinculum short and broad, rounded. Valva broad at base, constricted medially, distally forming a long dorso-apical process strongly curved ventrad and a very short, pointed ventral process. Phallus medium-long, moderately thin, medially slightly bent, and bearing a sclerotised, apically pointed ventral surface in its basal half. Vesica membranous without cornuti. Female genitalia. Ovipositor short and narrow, papilla analis rounded-triangular, sparsely setose. Apophysis posterioris long, thick, straight, medially tapered, apically pointed. Eighth tergite short, trapezoidal, distally slightly concave; apophysis anterioris very short. Ostium bursae relatively wide, surrounded by a heavily sclerotised, conspicuously wrinkled, densely setose antevaginal plate. Ductus bursae short, membranous, gradually dilated anteriorly; cervix bursae slightly dilated, membranous. Corpus bursae membranous, distal tubular section very short and thick; proximal part of corpus bursae ovoid with small signum bursae consisting of two separated,amorphous, finely scobinate plates with dentate outer margins. Diagnosis Externally, the new species is most reminiscent of D. mariae due to the small, rounded, green fore wing fascia. Their male genitalia are also fairly similar, however, noticeable differences can be seen in the following features: the uncus of the new species is narrower and slightly longer, and the gnathos is tapered whilst it is larger and apically rounded in D. mariae. The valva of D. parvinota is slightly narrower, possessing a much thinner, longer and rather claw-like dorso-apical process, and a much longer ventral valval process compared to D. mariae. The pseudocornuti of the new species are strongly curled, and the phallus is slightly shorter than in the allied species. Comparing the female genitalia with those of D. chlorodaedala, the eighth tergite of D. parvinota is more tapered and the antevaginal plate is more heavily sclerotised and wrinkled. The new species has a considerably shorter and narrower ductus bursae without a swollen section containing loose cornuti, a shorter and thicker tubular part of corpus bursae, and a somewhat larger and more elongate signum bursae compared with D. chlorodaedala. Genetic information This species has been assigned the BIN URI: BOLD:AEJ9364 (n = 1). The intraspecific variation could not be calculated as only one specimen was sequenced for DNA. Delorhachis parvinota was recovered as a sister species to D. meyi, with 3.33% pairwise distance. In terms of D. pallidifascia, which represents a sister clade, D. parvinota shows a genetic distance of 3.82–3.98%. Finally, the pairwise distance between D. parvinota and D. chlorodaedala was 6.11–6.62%. Etymology The name of this species is an aggregate of the Latin ′ parvus ̍ meaning ′small̍ and ′ nota ̍ meaning ′marked̍, in reference to the noticeably small, rounded fore wing fascia which distinguishes it from its congeners. Distribution and habitat (Figures 172–174, 184) Currently known from Ivory Coast, Liberia and Sierra Leone, this species exists within the Upper Guinean Rainforest although its westernmost distribution is characterised by a mosaic of lowland rainforest and secondary grassland., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 81-83, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801

Delorhachis syntomoctena species group Delorhachis syntomoctena (Tams, 1929) comb. nov. Delorhachis manuelae sp. nov. Delorhachis bakossii sp. nov. Delorhachis smithi sp. nov. Delorhachis nimbaensis sp. nov. Delorhachis baaka sp. nov.

Delorhachis Karsch, 1896 Entomologische Nachrichten, 22 (17–18): 268. Type species: Delorhachis viridiplaga Karsch, 1896. Genus description Small size. Ground colour of head, thorax and abdomen typically vermillion or yelloworange, but can also be brown or pale cream. Male antennae bipectinate in basal portion otherwise filiform, female antennae filiform. Labial palps present, reduced maxillary palps. Tegula sometimes with coloured (green, cream or white) patch, dorsal side of thorax sometimes with one or two coloured (green, cream or white) patch(es). Legs same ground colour as body, tibial spur formula 0-2-2 for D. viridiplaga and D. chlorodaedala species groups, 0-0-0 for D. smithi and D. nigrovenosa species groups. Fore wing: short, broad, triangular, ground colour vermillion, yellow-orange, brown or pale cream, typically with black venation in postmedial area. Medio-ventral fascia elongate or triangular (longer in females than males), green, white or cream. Venation R3 + R4 branch off of R5; cell with medial vein. Fringe long. Hind wing: ground colour typically lighter than fore wing, ranging from pale beige to brown, sometimes with black venation. Venation Rs + M1. Female frenulum formed of a group of c. 15–20 bristles. Underside of both wings paler than upper side without markings. Juvenile stages unknown., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801, {"references":["Karsch F. 1896. Die athiopischen Limakodiden des Berliner Museums. Entomologische Nachrichten. 22 (17 - 18): 261 - 283."]}

Miresa amator (Hering, 1928) comb. nov. (Figures 58, 129) Delorhachis amator Hering, 1928, In: Seitz, A. (ed.) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Eine Systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-Schmetterlinge. Die Afrikanischen Spinner und Schwärmer, 14: 462, pl. 74, fig. c. Type locality: [Tanzania], Deutsch-Ostafrika. Holotype, male (MfN). Type material examined Holotype. Male: red oblong label ′ Type ̍ || handwritten ′ Delorhachis | amator m. | Type ̍. | ′det. Mart.Hering ̍ || handwritten ′ D.Ost-Afrika ̍ | ′ Dr.R.Lück & Gehlen V ̍. || handwritten ′E- 791̍ || handwritten ′ Genit. slide | SAV-08-42̍ || QR code label with unique MfN URI http:// coll.MfN-berlin.de/u/73f0ec (MfN).

Delorhachis kilosa West, 1940 (Figures 34–36, 82, 113–114, 153) Delorachis [sic] kilosa West, 1940, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 6 (11): 122, pl.3, Figure 9. Type locality: [Tanzania], Tanganyika Territory, Kilosa. Holotype male, gen. slide no. Limacodidae 1325J (NHMUK), Paratypes, 2 males (NHMUK). Type material examined Holotype. Male: red circle label ′HOLO- | TYPE̍|| handwritten ′ Delorhachis | kilosa | West. | Holotype J̍ || ′ Tanganyika Territory ̍. | handwritten ′Kilosa 16.XII.25̍ | ′ N. C. E. Miller ̍. | handwritten ′at light̍. || ′Pres. By | Imp. Bur.Ent. | Brit.Mus | 1927–503̍. || ′ Limacodidae | Brit. Mus. slide | No. 1325̍ || QR code label with unique ID NHMUK 010894382 (NHMUK). Paratype. Male: yellow circle label ′Para- | type̍ || handwritten ′ Delorhachis | kilosa | West | Paratype J̍ | ′ Tanganyika Territory ̍. | handwritten ′ Kilosa 16.XII.25̍ | ′N. C. E. Miller̍. | handwritten ′at light̍. || ′Pres. by | Imp.Bur.Ent. | Brit.Mus. | 1927–503̍. || ′SLIDE/ NHMUK 010317406 ̍ || QR code label with unique ID NHMUK 010894379 (NHMUK). Paratype. Male: yellow circle label ′Para- | type̍ || handwritten ′ Delorhachis | kilosa | West | Paratype J̍ | ′ Tanganyika Territory ̍. | handwritten ′ Kilosa 16.XII.25̍ | ′N. C. E. Miller̍. | handwritten ′at light̍. || ′Pres. by | Imp.Bur.Ent. | Brit.Mus. | 1927–503̍. (NHMUK). Additional material examined Malawi. 2 males, Maiwale, 12 miles E. of Ft. Johnston [= Mangochi], 3280 ft, 3 January 1929, Lamborn, W.A. leg., gen. slide nos. LG 5730, TT 079 (OUNHM). Tanzania. 1 male, Mpanda District, Nkungwe, 22 November 1958, Kielland, J. leg., gen. slide no. 4149J Delorhachis (RCAB)., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on page 89, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801, {"references":["West RJ. 1940. Descriptions of new species of Limacodidae. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 6 (11): 117 - 128. doi: 10. 1080 / 03745481.1940.9723662."]}

Delorhachis wetzelae shambaa Giusti, Taberer, Fiebig, and László ssp. nov. (Figures 31–33, 81, 112, 146) Holotype. Male, ′ TANZANIA: | Amani | Malaria Institute | G. Pringle coll. | BM 1966–281̍ || ′Mal Inst Amani̍ | handwritten ′P.1199 1/63̍ || ′ G.Pringle Coll. | B.M.1966–281̍ || ′SLIDE | NHMUK010317397 ̍ || QR code label with unique ID NHMUK 014200534 (NHMUK). Paratypes. Tanzania. 1 male, Amani Malaria Institute, January 1963, Pringle, G. leg., QR code no. NHMUK 014200535, gen. slide no. NHMUK 010317398 (NHMUK); 1 male, Tanga Region, savannah near Usambara West, 475 m, 4.669°S, 38.098°E, 16 October 2004, Darge, Ph. leg., gen. slide no. 36.323 (MWW); 1 male, E-Usambara, Amani, 2 February 1981, Kielland, J. leg., gen. slide no. 4148J Delorhachis (RCAB). Description External morphology. Male. Fore wing length 12–13.5 mm. Head, collar, tegula, and thorax vermillion, antenna bipectinate in basal fourth, otherwise filiform, colour as of head. Tegula with one green rounded patch. Dorsal side of thorax with a central green patch; ventral side pale beige without markings. Legs vermillion laterally, beige medially. Abdomen uniformly pale beige, first two abdominal segments with vermillion hair scales. Fore wing short, broad, triangular, with rounded apex; ground colour vermillion, veins contrasting black in postmedial area. Medio-ventral fascia pale green, narrow, elongate, undulate, margined with black on distal edge. Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour. Hind wing uniformly pale ochreous with slightly darker, long fringe. Underside of both wings pale vermillion without markings; fringe same as ground colour. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia. Uncus short, tapered, apically pointed. Tegumen broad. Gnathos broad, tapered, triangular, apically rounded. Juxta rounded basally, with two short, ventral, ribbonlike distal processes; manica with a bunch of sclerotised, medium-long, straight pseudocornuti. Vinculum short and broad, rounded. Valva moderately broad at base, slightly constricted medially, distally forming a long, narrow,curved,pointed dorso-apical process and a very short, pointed ventral process. Phallus medium-long, moderately narrow, straight, bearing a sclerotised ventral surface in its basal half. Vesica membranous without cornuti. Diagnosis The two subspecies of D. wetzelae are hardly distinguishable externally; however, the following differences in the male genitalia have been noted: the subspecies from Usambara has a markedly wider and somewhat shorter valva, with more pointed distal processes compared to D. wetzelae. Also, D. w. shambaa has a tapered, triangular gnathos whilst the other species has a gnathos that medially constricts, and the pseudocornuti of the ssp. shambaa are more numerous, slightly longer and straighter., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 87-88, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801

Delorhachis viridiplaga Karsch, 1896 (Figures 1–3, 6 7 –68, 91–92, 133, 157) Delorhachis viridiplaga Karsch, 1896, Entomologische Nachrichten, 22 (17–18): 275. Type locality: [Togo], Togogebiet, Misahöhe. Syntypes, 2 males (MfN). Type material examined Syntype. Male: red oblong label ′ Type ̍ || ′ Togo | Misahöhe | 1893 | E.Baumann S̍. || handwritten ′Am III 94̍ || ′40,641̍ || handwritten ′Genit. Slide/SAV-08-31̍ | QR code label ′ MfN URI | http://coll.MfN-berlin.de/u/447419̍ (MfN). Additional material examined Cameroon. 1 male, North-West Cameroon, Bascho, 18 March 1906, Schultze, A. leg., gen. slide no. RF 299.2019 (MfN); 1 male, Southwest Province, 12 km north-west of Mundemba, Korup National Park, Chimpanzee Camp, 144 m, 5.008°N, 8.871°E, 5 November 2007, Ochse, M. leg., gen. slide no. 31.153, BOLD process ID: GWOSV307-11 (RCRF). Ghana. 2 males, Northern Territories, Kete-Krachi, Cardinall, A.W. leg. (NHMUK). Nigeria. 1 male, Ikom, 22–24 December 1970, Politzar, H. leg., gen. slide no. RF 2021.835 (RCRF); 4 males, same site and collector (ZSM); 1 female, Port Harcourt, 29 May 1955, MacNaulty, B.J. leg., QR code no. NHMUK 014200540, gen. slide no. NHMUK 010317401; 1 male, same site and collector, 9 May 1955, QR code no. NHMUK 014200541, gen. slide no. NHMUK 010317402; 1 male, same site and collector, 11 January 1955; 1 male, Nigeria, 1958, Bowden, J. leg.; 1 male, Warri, April 1897, Roth leg.; 1 male, Nigeria, 15 March 1936 (NHMUK). Togo. 1 male, Avetonou, 25 July 1978, Politzar, H. leg. (MWW)., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 63-64, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801, {"references":["Karsch F. 1896. Die athiopischen Limakodiden des Berliner Museums. Entomologische Nachrichten. 22 (17 - 18): 261 - 283."]}

Delorhachis tommasoi Giusti, Taberer, Fiebig and László sp. nov. (Figures 16–18, 74, 101–102, 139) Holotype. Male, ′ ZAIRE RIVER EXPED. || Weko nr. Yangambi, | 24°33′E, 01°00′N, | xii.1974. | S.L. Sutton, | B.M.1975–229̍. || ′ Semi-deciduous rain | forest (undisturbed)̍ || ′SLIDE | NHMUK010317446 ̍ || Unique QR code NHMUK 014200543 (NHMUK). Paratypes. DRC. 3 males, Uele, Paulis, 15 July 1958, Fontaine, M. leg., gen. slide no. RF 2022.114; 1 male, same site and collector, 1 August 1958; 1 male, same site and collector, 14 April 1956; 1 male, same site and collector, 26 October 1956; 1 male, Sankuru, KatakoKombe, 11 August 1952, Fontaine, M. leg., gen slide no. RF 2022.115; 1 male, same site and collector, 24 July 1952; 1 male, same site and collector, 27 November 1951; 1 male, Mambasa, 27 March 1971, Taverniers, J. leg.; 1 male, Lusambo, 13 September 1949, Fontaine, M. leg.; 1 male, same site and collector, 24 November 1949; 1 male, same site and collector, 12 July 1949; 1 male, Coquilhatville, 9 September 1955, Fontaine, M. leg.; 1 male, Haut-Uele, Moto, 1928, Burgeon, L. leg.; 1 male, Equateur, Flandria, 1935, Hulstaert, R.P. leg.; 1 male, Stanleyville, 9 June 1948, Faniel, leg.; 1 male, Basoko, December 1936, Ghesquière, J. leg.; 1 male, Secteur Nord, P.N.A., River Abia, affl. Semliki, 695 m, 4 July 1957, Vanschuytenbroeck, P. leg. (RMCA). Description External morphology. Male. Fore wing length 11.5–14 mm. Head, collar, tegula, and thorax vermillion, antenna bipectinate in basal fourth, otherwise filiform, colour as of head. Tegula with one green rounded patch. Dorsal side of thorax with central green patch; ventral side pale beige without markings. Legs vermillion laterally, beige medially. Abdomen uniformly pale beige, first two abdominal segments with vermillion hair scales. Fore wing short, broad, triangular, with rounded apex; ground colour vermillion, veins contrasting black in postmedial area. Medio-ventral fascia Veronese green, relatively large, rounded, margined with black on distal edge. Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour. Hind wing uniformly pale ochreous with slightly darker, long fringe. Underside of both wings pale vermillion without markings; fringe same as ground colour. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia. Uncus short, tapered, apically pointed. Tegumen broad. Gnathos medially tapered into a narrow postmedial section, then slightly dilated and rounded apically. Juxta rounded basally, with two very short, ventral, ribbon-like distal processes; manica with a bunch of moderately short sclerotised, slightly curved pseudocornuti. Vinculum short and broad, rounded. Valva slightly constricted medially, largely dilated into two broad, curved processes distally, with a pointed dorso-apical process, and a slightly shorter, rounded ventral process. Phallus relatively short, straight with sclerotised, apically pointed ventral surface in its basal half. Vesica membranous without cornuti. Diagnosis Delorhachis tommasoi is the closest relative of D. kitale. Externally, the new species has somewhat larger, more rounded, green medio-ventral fascia. The ground plan of the male genitalia is nearly identical; however, the following diagnostic characters are noted: in the new species, the gnathos is markedly narrower, tapering medially with a longer, narrower apical portion and a slightly bulbous, completely rounded apex compared to the shorter, less rounded distal portion of the gnathos in the related species. The pseudocornuti of D. tommasoi are more uniform in shape compared with D. kitale, and the valva is markedly wider distally with more curved processes of which the dorso-apical process is only slightly longer than the ventral one, unlike in D. kitale where the dorso-apical process is straight and markedly longer than the ventral one. The phallus of the new species is also much shorter than that of the allied species. Genetic information Due to the age of the accessed specimens, this species was not sampled for DNA barcoding. Etymology This species was named in honour of Tommaso Giusti, nephew of the third author of this paper. Tommaso is a young student of biotechnologies at the University of Pisa, and a lover of the natural world. Distribution and habitat (Figure 184) Recorded so far only from the DRC, D. tommasoi inhabits the lowland, swampy rainforest of the Congo Basin, although the southernmost extent of its range is characterised by slightly drier Guinea-Congolian rainforest., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 76-78, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801

Delorhachis bakossii Fiebig, Taberer, Giusti and László sp. nov. (Figures 45, 86, 121, 149) Holotype. Male, ′4°58′29.19̍N 9°41′24.52″E | CAMEROON, SW-Region, | Bangem, Bakossi Mtns, | 2.5 km W Muaback, NE | slope of ridge, 1200 m asl, | 25. October 2011, MV-lamp″ || ′RF 2021.898̍ (SMNS). Description External morphology. Male. Fore wing length 12.5 mm. Head, collar, and tegula yelloworange, antenna bipectinate in basal fourth, otherwise filiform, colour as of head. Tegula with one cream-white rounded patch. Thorax ochreous brown to beige dorsally. Abdomen yellow-orange dorsally, first two segments with ochreous brown to beige hair scales. Fore wing short, broad, triangular, with rounded apex; ground colour ochreous brown, veins contrasting black in postmedial area. Medio-ventral fascia white, oval, margined with black on distal edge. Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour. Hind wing uniformly light brown, veins black from medial to distal portion. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia. Uncus moderately long, tapered, pointed apically. Tegumen broad. Gnathos broad, weakly sclerotised, with two short, rounded distal lobes with a shallow medial depression. Juxta with two moderately long, heavily sclerotised distal processes; manica with a cluster of short, straight pseudocornuti. Vinculum relatively long, broad, rounded. Valva very wide at base, tapered, distally with a short, rounded dorso-apical process and a slightly longer, rounded ventral process. Phallus long, narrow, medially slightly bent with sclerotised, apically pointed ventral surface in its basal half. Vesica long, tubular, membranous without cornuti. Diagnosis Externally, this species is reminiscent of D. syntomoctena, although the fore wing fascia in the new species is wider and more rounded, compared to the very narrow, ovoid fore wing fascia of the related species. In the male genitalia, however, the differences are obvious: the gnathos of D. bakossii sp. nov. has a shallow, medial depression at the apex compared to the pointed apex in the gnathos of the allied species. Also, the distal portion of the valva in the new species has a shorter, rounded dorso-apical process, and a slightly longer ventral process compared to those of D. syntomoctena. In terms of the male genitalia morphology, this species is closest to D. manuelae due to the valva being very broad at the base and curved ventrad, but distinguished by the much wider distal section and the broader apex of the valva, as well as the apically less deeply depressed gnathos and the slightly shorter pseudocornuti in D. bakossii. Genetic information No DNA barcodes were available for this species. Etymology The species is named after the Bakossi, a West African ethnic group based in south-west Cameroon. The settlement area of the Bakossi includes the Bakossi Mountains, the type locality of the species. Distribution and habitat (Figures 180–181, 186) This new species has so far only been recorded from the Bakossi Mountains of southwestern Cameroon, a mountainous rainforest region which makes up part of the Cameroon Line., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 94-95, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801

Delorhachis nimbaensis Taberer, Fiebig, Giusti and László sp. nov. (Figures 49–50, 88, 12 4–125, 151) Holotype. Male, ′ LIBERIA 974 m | Nimba Mountains, Nimba West | Mount Gangra summit | 7°32′45.82̍N, 8°38′9.36″W | 17–25.iii.2017 250 W blended bulb | & bucket trap 8 W cold cathode | UV light | Sáfián, Sz. Simonics, G. Leg. | ANHRT:2018.24″ || ′ANHRTUK | 00224300̍| ′ Gen. slide No. | TT 105 | prep. by T. R. Taberer ̍ (ANHRT). Paratype. Liberia. 1 male, Grassfield, Nimba, September–October 1968, Forbes-Watson, A. leg., gen. slide no. NHMUK 010317408, QR code no. NHMUK 014200545 (NHMUK). Description External morphology. Male. Fore wing length 11.5–12 mm.Head,collar, tegula, and thorax brown, antenna bipectinate in basal fourth, otherwise filiform, yellow-brown. Tegula with one pale yellow rounded patch. Thorax dark chestnut brown dorsally, ventral side and legs yellowish-brown. Abdomen uniformly brown dorsally and yellowish brown ventrally. Fore wing short, broad, triangular, with rounded apex; ground colour chestnut brown, veins contrasting black in postmedial area. Medio-ventral fascia white, oval, directed inwards, margined with black on distal edge. Fringe long. Hind wing chestnut brown, with weakly defined dark brown veins postmedially. Underside of both wing sets pale brown without markings; fringe as ground colour. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia. Uncus medium-long, tapered, pointed apically. Tegumen broad. Gnathos large, very broad, rounded, shield-like, weakly sclerotised, distal section very finely setose with a shallow medial indent. Juxta short, rounded basally, with two short, ventral, ribbon-like distal processes; manica with a bunch of slightly curved moderately long pseudocornuti. Vinculum short, broad, rounded. Valva long, very narrow, distally with a pointed, curved dorso-apical process and a slightly longer, narrow, thin, pointed, curved ventral process. Phallus long, straight, with sclerotised, apically pointed ventral surface in its basal half. Vesica membranous without cornuti. Diagnosis Based on the configuration of the male genitalia, this new species and D. smithi form a species pair, distinguished from other members of the species group by the extremely long, narrow valva with elongate, thin, apical processes. Delorhachis nimbaensis is distinguished externally from its sister species by its much darker ground colour. In terms of the male genitalia, D. nimbaensis has a longer, slightly broader gnathos, and a straighter valva with a markedly shorter dorso-apical process, as well as having a wider angle between the apical processes than in the related species. Genetic information No specimens of D. nimbaensis were DNA barcoded. Etymology Delorhachis nimbaensis is named after the Nimba Mountains, Liberia, where it is assumed to be endemic. Distribution and habitat (Figure 186) This species is found only in the northern Nimba Mountains, Liberia, an area characterised by tropical moist montane forest., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 97-98, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801

Delorhachis mariae Dufrane, 1945 (Figures 22–23, 76, 105, 141) Delorhachis mariae Dufrane, 1945, Bulletin & Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique, 81: 139. Type locality: [DRC], Kivu, Kamituga. Holotype, male (RBINS), paratype, male (RBINS). Type material examined Holotype. Male: red oblong label ′ Holotype ̍ || ′Coll. & det. A. Dufrane̍ | handwritten ′ Delorhachis | viridiplaga Ksch ̍ | ′I. G. 22.304̍ || handwritten ′ Delorhachis J | mariae Dufrane ̍ || handwritten ′ holotype ̍ || handwritten ′Kamituga | (Kivu) | 2–12-29 | [illegible] Dufrane̍ || gen. slide no. RF 1863 (RBINS). Paratype. Male: orange oblong label ′Para- | type̍ || ′Coll. & det. A. Dufrane̍ | with handwritten ′ Delorhachis | viridiplaga Ksch ̍ | ′I. G. 22.304̍ || ′Coll. & det. A. Dufrane̍ | with handwritten ′ Delorhachis | mariae Dufr ̍. | ′I. G. 22.304̍ || with handwritten ′ Delorhachis J | mariae Dufrane ̍ || with handwritten ′ paratype ̍ || with handwritten ′Kamituga | (Kivu) | 9-9-39 | A. Dufrane̍ (RBINS). Additional material examined Malawi. 1 male, Rijo River Valley, Mt. Mulanje, 1000 m, 15.972°S, 35.655°E, 24 September–7 October 2004, Murphy, R.J. leg., gen. slide no. 1621 prepared by S. Dupont (NHMUK)., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on page 80, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801, {"references":["Dufrane A. 1945. Lepidopteres du Kivu (3 e note). Bulletin et Annales de la Societe entomologique de Belgique. 81: 91 - 143."]}

Hilipoda gravidipes Karsch, 1896 (Figures 65–66) Hilipoda gravidipes Karsch, 1896, Entomologische Nachrichten, 22 (17–18): 270. Type locality: [Togo], Togobiet, Bismarckburg. Holotype, female (MfN). Delorhachis schultzei Aurivillius, 1905 syn. nov., Arkiv för Zoologi, 2 (12): 39, Figure 7. Type locality: [Nigeria], Yola. Holotype, male (MfN). Type material examined Holotype of Hilipoda gravidipes. Female: red oblong label ′Type̍ || ′ Togo | Bismarckburg | L.Conradt S̍. || ′40,590̍ || handwritten ′15/xi.93̍ || QR code label with unique MfN URI http://coll.MfN-berlin.de/u/1068ff (MfN) Holotype of Delorhachis schultzei. Male: red oblong label ′Typus̍ || handwritten ′Yola 20.9.09 | Schultze̍ || handwritten ′ Delorhachis Schultzei | Aurr̍. || handwritten ′Genit. slide | SAV-08-33̍ || QR code label with unique MfN URI http://coll.MfN-berlin.de/u/58f664 (MfN) Additional material examined Burkina Faso. 1 male, Bobo-Dioulasso, 30 July 1976, Politzar, H. leg., RF 2021.816. Sudan. 1 male, Kadugli, 6 October 1969, Schmutterer, H. leg., RF 2021.817 (RCRF). Ghana. 1 male, northern territories, Kete-Krachi, Cardinall, A.W. leg., B.M.1925–317, QR code no. NHMUK 010917824, gen. slide no. NHMUK 010317428; 1 male, Bolgatange, April 1962, Lewis, D.J., leg, B.M. 1963–332, QR code no. NHMUK 010894322, gen. slide no. NHMUK 010317429 (NHMUK). Guinea. 1 female, Guinée française de Fleury, ex coll. Oborthür, gen. slide no. 936/ 57 M. Hering, MfN URI http://coll.MfN-berlin.de/u/65652b (MfN). Ivory Coast. 1 female, Comoe NP, Comoe 4, Open Forest, 238 m, 8.715°N, 3.798°W, 1 July 2015, Aristophanous, M., Moretto, P., Ruzzier, E. leg., ANHRT:2017.14, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00006330/ANLMN7464-21; 1 male, Kakpin Village, open forest, 259 m, 8.617°N, 3.777°W, 27 June 2015, Aristophanous, M., Moretto, P., Ruzzier, E. leg., ANHRT:2017.14 (ANHRT). Mali. 1 male, Mopti Region, Dogon Plateau, Bandagara, 450– 850 m, May 2013, Muller, Kravchenko, K. leg., gen. slide no. 36.598, BOLD process ID: GWOUI363-21 (RCRF)., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on page 125, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801, {"references":["Karsch F. 1896. Die athiopischen Limakodiden des Berliner Museums. Entomologische Nachrichten. 22 (17 - 18): 261 - 283.","Aurivillius C. 1905. Lieutenant A. Schultzes Sammlung von Lepidopteren aus West-Afrika. Arkiv for Zoologi. 2 (12): 1 - 47. doi: 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4542."]}

Delorhachis smithi Taberer, Fiebig, Giusti and László sp. nov. (Figures 46–48, 87, 12 2–123, 150) Holotype. Male, ′ GABON 430 m | Mikongo (Rougier), Monts | de Cristal (Secondary forest) | 0°29′47̍N, 11°10′42″E | 28.vii–12.viii.2019 MV Light Trap | Albert, J.-L., Aristophanous, M., | Bie Mba, J., Dérozier, V., | Moretto, P. Leg. | ANHRT:2019.17″ || ′ANHRTUK | 00130411̍ || ′ Gen. slide No. | TT 094 | prep. by T. R. Taberer ̍ (ANHRT). Paratypes. Republic of the Congo. 2 males, Odzala National Park, 400–500 m, 0.383°N, 14.833°E, 29 January–03 March 1997, Siniaev, V., Murzin, S. leg., gen. slide no. 36.326, 36.327 (MWW); 2 male, same site and collectors (MWW). DRC. 2 males, Mai-Ndombe, Ekongo camp, 2.756°S, 20.315°E, March–April 2017, Prozorov, A., Prozorov, T., Kravchenko, V. leg., gen. slide nos.: NI09, NI10 (RCHS). Gabon. 3 males, Mikongo (Rougier), Monts de Cristal (Secondary forest), 430 m, 0.484°N, 11.178°E, 28 July–12 August 2019, Albert, J.-L., Aristophanous, M., Bie Mba, J. Dérozier, V., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2019.17, unique IDs: ANHRTUK 00167735, 00130412, 00131020, gen. slide nos. TT 038, TT 094, DNA barcode ID/ BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00167735/ANLMN7641-21 (ANHRT). Description Male external morphology. Fore wing length 11–13 mm. Head, collar, tegula, and thorax yellow-brown, antenna bipectinate in basal fourth, otherwise filiform, colour as of head. Tegula with one white rounded patch. Thorax yellow-brown dorsally, beige ventrally. Legs beige. Abdomen uniformly beige, first two segments with yellow-brown hair scales. Fore wing short, broad,triangular, with rounded apex; ground colour pale yellowish-brown,veins contrasting black in postmedial area. Medio-ventral fascia white, broad, oval, slightly directed inwards, margined with black on distal edge; costal area sometimes with small, diffused white patch postmedially. Fringe long, slightly paler than ground colour. Hind wing uniformly buff, with weakly defined black veins from medial to distal portion. Underside of oth fore wing and hind wing buff without markings; fringe same as ground colour. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia. Uncus relatively long, tapered, pointed apically. Tegumen broad. Gnathos very broad, rounded, shield-like, weakly sclerotised. Juxta short, rounded basally, with two short, ventral ribbon-like distal processes; manica with a bunch of slightly curved, long pseudocornuti. Vinculum broad, moderately long, rounded. Valva long, very narrow, distally with a short, pointed dorso-apical process and a long, narrow, thin, pointed ventral process. Phallus short, straight, with sclerotised, apically pointed ventral surface in its basal half. Vesica membranous without cornuti. Diagnosis Delorhachis smithi is reminiscent externally of D. syntomoctena, but differs in the following features: the thorax and wings are paler, the tegula patch is lighter, and the head and abdomen are less vivid yellow in D. smithi compared with D. syntomoctena. The medial fascia of both species is white, although in the new species, it is much broader than in D. syntomoctena, and the black veins on the hind wing of D. smithi are less sharply defined compared with the related species. In the male genitalia, the gnathos of D. smithi is broadly rounded apically whilst in D. syntomoctena the gnathos possesses a short, rounded triangular, apical process. The valva of the new species is markedly narrower, with much longer, thinner, and more pointed distal processes where the dorso-apical process is shorter than the ventral, compared to the broader, triangular valva of D. syntomoctena whereby the processes are much thicker, distally rounded, and the dorso-apical process is longer than the barely noticeable ventral one. The pseudocornuti of the manica are slightly more curved in D. smithi, and the phallus is shorter and straighter compared with the allied species. Compared to D. manuelae, the new species has a much broader, rounded medial fascia. In the male genitalia, the gnathos of D. smithi is rounded without an apical depression (it is medially deeply incised in D. manuelae), and the valva is considerably narrower and more elongate, with much longer apical processes. The pseudocornuti of D. smithi are also markedly longer and more curved than in the related species. In comparison to D. bakossii, D. smithi has a paler ground colour, a slightly larger fore wing fascia and a less striate hind wing. The male genitalia of D. smithi has a conspicuously narrower valva, with much longer, narrower, more pointed apical processes than in the allied species. The pseudocornuti are also noticeably longer in D. smithi. Genetic information This species has been assigned the BIN URI: BOLD:AEK3851 (n = 1). As only one specimen of D. smithi was barcoded, intraspecific variation could not be calculated. The pairwise distance between the new species and D. syntomoctena is 6.84–7.01%. Etymology This new species is dedicated to Richard Smith, founder and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the African Natural History Research Trust. Distribution and habitat (Figures 177, 186) This species has been found in Gabon and the northern region of the Republic of the Congo, a continuous area of wet Guinea-Congolian lowland rainforest., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 96-97, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801

Delorhachis zambica Taberer, Fiebig, Giusti and László sp. nov. (Figures 37–39, 83, 11 5–116, 154) Holotype. Male, ′ ZAMBIA 1179 m | Bruce-Miller Farm, Choma | 16°38′12̍S, 27°01′30″E | 28. ii-8.iii.2019 MV Light Trap | Dérozier, V., Imakando, M., | Miles, W., Mulvaney, L. Leg. | ANHRT:2019.5″ || ANHRTUK | 00210196 || ′ Gen. slide No. | TT 077 | prep. by T. R. Taberer ̍ (ANHRT). Paratypes. DRC. 1 male, Katanga, Ruwe, February 1957, Allard, R.V. leg.; 1 male, Elisabethville, January 1949, Seydel, C. leg. (RMCA). Malawi. 2 males, Mtangatanga Forest Reserve, Mzimba District, 1615 m, 11.928°S, 33.700°E, 24 December 2015, Murphy, R.J. leg., gen. slide no. NHMUK 010317407, QR code nos. NHMUK 014200544, 014200607 (NHMUK). Zambia. 2 males, Kapishya Hot Springs, Shiwa N ̍gandu Estate, 1437 m, 11.170°S, 31.600°E, January – March.2016, M.T. Harvey Coll., Smith, R., Takano, H. leg., ANHRT:2017.29, gen. slide no. TT 078, unique IDs: ANHRTUK 00225213, 00225216; 1 male, same site, January–March 2017, M.T. Harvey Coll., Miles, W., Oram, D., Smith, L. leg., ANHRT:2017.30, gen. slide no. TT 043, unique ID: ANHRTUK 00211568; 1 male, Lumangwe Falls, Kalugwishi River, 1187 m, 9.543°S, 29.388°E, 4–7 February 2019, Dérozier, V., Mulvaney, L., Smith, R., Takano, H. leg., ANHRT: 2019.4, unique ID: ANHRTUK 00229501 (ANHRT); 1 male, Mumbwa, 25 February 1957, Dening, R.C. leg. (NHMUK). Description Male external morphology. Fore wing length 10–11.5 mm. Head and collar bright orange, antenna bipectinate in basal fourth, otherwise filiform, colour as of head. Thorax and tegula uniformly chestnut brown dorsally, with a white longitudinal streak posterior-medially. Legs bright orange. Abdomen bright orange dorsally, yellowish laterally and brownish ventrally. Fore wing short, broad, triangular, with rounded apex; ground colour rusty-brown, veins contrasting black in postmedial area. Medio-ventral fascia white, circular or oval-shaped, margined with black on both proximal and distal edge. Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour. Hind wing pale brown with beige area along anal margin, veins sometimes highlighted with brown. Underside of wing: fore wing light brown, hind wing beige without markings, fringe same as ground colour. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia. Uncus moderately long, tapered, pointed apically. Tegumen broad. Gnathos very broad, weakly sclerotised, rounded. Juxta very short and rounded with two short, ventral, ribbon-like distal processes; manica with a bunch of numerous, fine, relatively short, straight pseudocornuti. Vinculum short, rounded. Valva moderately broad, triangular, with more or less straight margins, apex with very small rounded distal process. Phallus medium-length, thin, medially very slightly bent, with sclerotised, apically pointed ventral surface in its basal half. Vesica membranous without cornuti. Diagnosis This species is a closely related allopatric sibling of D. kilosa, showing only minor differences in the genital morphology, expressed by the slightly longer and slimmer valva of D. zambica. Despite the high similarity in the male genitalia, the distinctive features are obvious in external morphology where the fore wings and abdomen are a deeper brown in D. zambica, and the abdomen possesses a wider longitudinal white streak compared to D. kilosa. The fore wing fascia of the new species is larger, white, and circular or ovoid, whilst in D. kilosa this feature is smaller, cream to Veronese green, and triangular. Genetic information This species was not sampled for DNA barcoding. Etymology The species name is in reference to Zambia, where the species is most abundant, inhabiting the extensive Miombo woodlands of the Zambian Plateau. Distribution and habitat (Figures 169, 185) Delorhachis zambica has been found from south DRC, Malawi and Zambia, in areas dominated by miombo and scrub woodland. It appears to be separated from D. kilosa by the western branch of the Rift Valley, a biogeographic barrier inducing allopatric speciation which has seemingly driven noticeable divergences in external morphology of the two species but less so in male genitalia. Further genetic studies are required to assess the genetic divergence between these sibling species., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 90-91, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801

Miresa purpurea (Hering, 1928) comb. nov. (Figures 60–62, 131) Delorhachis purpurea Hering, 1928, In: Seitz, A. (ed.) Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde. Eine Systematische Bearbeitung der bis jetzt bekannten Gross-Schmetterlinge. Die Afrikanischen Spinner und Schwärmer, 14: 462, pl. 74, fig. c. Type locality: Cameroon, Lolodorf. Holotype, male (MfN). Chrysamma erythrochrysa Tams, 1929 syn. nov., Bulletin of the Hill Museum, 3: 172, pl. 8, Figure 16. Type locality: [DRC, North Kivu], Central Africa, S-side of middle Lowa Valley, S of Walikali, W Kivu. Holotype, male (NHMUK). Delorhachis denisae Dufrane, 1945 syn. nov., Delorhachis denisae, 1945, Bulletin & Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique, 81: 140. Type locality: [Democratic Republic of Congo], Kivu, Kamituga. Holotype, male (RBINS). Type material examined Holotype of Miresa purpurea. Male: red oblong label ′Type̍ || ′ Kamerun | Namiong b. Lolodorf | a. Lokundjefluss | Ulbrich V.E.Conrad S̍. || handwritten ′14.IV.12̍ || handwritten ′ Delorhachis | pŭrpŭrea | m. Type ̍ | ′det.Mart.Hering̍ || handwritten ′Genit-slide | SAV-08- 58̍ || QR code label with unique MfN URI http://coll.MfN-berlin.de/u/8c92cf (MfN). Holotype of Chrysamma erythrochrysa. Male: red circle label ′HOLO- | TYPE̍ || ′35. 24. | South side middle Lowa | Valley, south of Walikali, | W. Kivu, | 3500 ft., forest. | March ̍24. Wet season. | T. A. Barns.̍ || ′Joicey Coll. | B.M.1929–122̍. || handwritten ′ Chrysamma | erythrochrysa | Tams | Holotype J̍ || QR code label with unique ID NHMUK 010917905 (NHMUK). Holotype of Delorhachis denisae. Male: red oblong label ′ Holotype ̍ || ′Coll. & det. A. Dufrane̍ | handwritten ′ Delorhachis | purpurea Her ̍. | ′I. G. 22.304̍ || handwritten ′ Delorhachis J | denisae Dufrane ̍ || handwritten ′ holotype ̍ || handwritten ′Kamitugo | de 4/8/39̍ || handwritten ′Kamituga | (Kivu) | 4.8.39 | m. al. Dufrane̍| gen. slide no. RF 1862 (RBINS). Additional material of Miresa purpurea examined DRC. 8 males, Kanyatsi, North-Kivu, 1700 m, 1.367°S, 28.983°E, June 2017, Colley, A. leg., ANHRT:2018.22, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00190118/ANLMN7912-21, ANHRTUK00190117/ANLMN7911-21; 1 male, Biakato, Ituri, 900 m, 0.850°N, 29.250°E, April 2015, Colley, A. leg., ANHRT:2018.22, gen. slide no. TT 032 (ANHRT); 1 male, Mai-Ndombe, Ekongo camp, 2.756°S, 20.315°E, March–April 2017, Prozorov, A., Prozorov, T., Kravchenko, V. leg., gen.slide no.: NI08 (RCHS). Gabon. 7 males, Nyonié (Lowland forest), 10 m, 0.039°S, 9.340° E, 23–28 August 2019, Albert, J.-L., Aristophanous, M., Bie Mba, J., Dérozier, V., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2019.17, gen. slide no. TT 092; 1 male, Mikongo (Rougier), Monts de Cristal (Secondary forest), 430 m, 0.484°N, 11.178°E, 28 July–12 August 2019, Albert, J.-L., Aristophanous, M., Bie Mba, J., Dérozier, V., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2019.17 (ANHRT); 1 male, Provinz Ogooué-Ivindo, 43 m SW Makokou, Ivindo National Park, Kongou Waterfall, 473 m, 0.290°N, 12.573°E, 22 November 2017 leg. Ochse, M. leg., gen. slide no. 36.641 (MWW); 1 male, Ogooue-Ivindo, La Lope, Lope National Park, 290 m, 0.219°S, 11.585°E, 27 February 2011, ECOTROP field class leg., BOLD process ID: MGABD200-11; 1 male, same site, 12 November 2009, Decaens, T., Lecourt, G., Bayendi, S., Sebag, D. leg., BOLD process ID: MGABB753-10 (MNHN). Ghana. 1 female, Ankasa National Park, Exploration Base, 103 m, 5.275°N, 2.646°W, 24 February 2006, Ochse, M. leg., gen slide no. 31.128, BOLD process ID: GWOSS271-11; 1 male, Central Region, 30 km north of Cape Coast, Kakum National Park, Canopy Walkway, 198 m, 5.354°N, 1.384°W, 9 May 2005, Ochse, M. leg., gen. slide no. 36.731, BOLD process ID: GWOSS258-11 (RCRF). Guinea. Guinée Forestiére, 482 m, 7.465°N, 8.844°W, 7 June 2013, Ochse, M. leg., gen. slide no. 31.145 (MWW). Ivory Coast. 1 male, 1 female, Tai National Park, Tai Research Station (SRET), 174 m, 5.833°N, 7.342°W, 25 March 2017, Aristophanous, A., Aristophanous, M., Geiser, M., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2017.25; 4 males, same site, 5–10 July 2015, Aristophanous, M., Moretto, P., Ruzzier, E. leg. ANHRT:2017.14; 1 male, same site and collectors, 14–23 November 2015, ANHRT:2017.16. Liberia. 4 males, 1 female, Grand Cape Mount County, Lake Piso area (Bomi forest – savannah mosaic), 15 m, 6.655°N, 11.119°W, 2–9 January 2018, Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg., ANHRT:2017.33, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00089254/ ANLMN7654-21, ANHRTUK00089034/ANLMN7652-21. Zambia. 4 males, Hillwood, Ikelenge, 1400 m, 11.267°S, 24.316°E, 21–28 October 2013, Smith, R., Takano, H., Chmurova, L., Smith, L. leg., ANHRT:2017.10; 1 male, same site, 25–27 November 2014, Smith, R., Takano, H. leg., ANHRT:2017.12 (ANHRT). Holotype of Miresa gliricidiae. Female: red circle label: ′HOLO-TYPE̍ || ′ SIERRA LEONE ̍ | handwritten ′NJALA || gliricidia | maculata. | II.32̍ | ′E. HARGREAVES̍ || handwritten ′ Miresa | gliricidiae | m. Type | det.Mart Hering̍|| ′Typus̍|| ′Pres. by | Imp.Inst.Ent. | Brit.Mus. | 1933–42̍.|| ′Type Status | Verified | A. Giusti I.2019 ̍ || QR code label with unique ID NHMUK 010894534 (NHMUK) Additional material of Miresa gliricidiae examined (Figures 63–64, 132) Cameroon. 1 male, North Region, Wack (La Falaise), 900 m, 7.671°N, 13.555°E, 2–21 October 2018, Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg., ANHRT: 2018.36, gen. slide no. TT 071, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00113482/ANLMN7687-21 (ANHRT). Ethiopia. 1 male, Southern Nations Regions, Forest 10 km W Mizan Teferi, 1260 m, 6.979°N, 35.498°E, 16 May 2015, Stadie, D., Fiebig, R., Fiebig, S. leg., gen. slide no. 236.2016, BOLD process ID: GWOUI365-21 (RCRF). Ivory Coast. 1 male, Mt Tonkoui Peak, 1171 m, 7.454°N, 7.637°W, 3–7 May 2017, Aristophanous, A., Aristophanous, M., Geiser, M., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2017.25, gen. slide no. TT 070, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00017469/ANLMN7485-21 (ANHRT); 1 male, same site, 1–4 July 2014, Moretto, P. leg., gen. slide no. UE 6318 (RCMS). Ghana. 1 male, Eastern Region, Mampongtin Range, SW of Mpraeso, Odweanoma summit, 768 m, 6.576°N, 0.763°W, 12 May 2005, Ochse, M. leg., gen. slide no. RF 724.2021, BOLD process ID: GWOSV360-11; 1 female, Central Region, 30 km north of Cape Coast, Kakum National Park headquarter, 131 m, 5.353°N, 1.389°W, 13 May 2005, Ochse, M. leg., BOLD process ID: GWOSV304-11 (RCRF).

Delorhachis syntomoctena (Tams, 1929) comb. nov. (Figures 40–42, 84, 11 7– 118, 147) Chrysamma syntomoctena Tams, 1929, The Bulletin of the Hill Museum, 3: 171, pl. 8, Figure 13. Type locality: [DRC], Central Africa, West Semliki Valley. Holotype, male (NHMUK), Paratype, male (NHMUK). Type material examined Holotype. Male: red circle label ′HOLO- | TYPE̍|| ′Joicey Coll. | B.M.1929–122̍. || handwritten ′ Chrysamma | syntomoctena | Tams. | Holotype J̍ || ′46. 24. | Escarpment, west | Semliki Valley, | 20 mls. south-west | of Boga. 3500–4000 ft., | July, 1924. Borders of | tropical forest, and long | grass country. | T. A. Barns ̍. || QR code label with unique ID NHMUK 010917921 (NHMUK). Paratype. Male: yellow circle label ′Para | type̍ || ′Joicey Coll. | B.M.1929–122̍. || handwritten ′ Chrysamma | syntomoctena | Tams | Paratype J̍ || ′46. 24. | Escarpment, west | Semliki Valley, | 20 mls. south-west | of Boga. 3500–4000 ft., | July, 1924. Borders of | tropical forest, and long | grass country. | T. A. Barns̍. || handwritten ′ Tams | Limacod – | gen-5̍ || QR code label with unique ID NHMUK 010917922 (NHMUK). Additional material examined DRC. 2 males, Kanyatsi, North-Kivu, 1700 m, 1.367°S, 28.983°E, June 2017, Colley, A. leg., ANHRT:2018.22, gen. slide no. TT 028, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00190119/ANLMN7913-21, ANHRTUK00190121/ANLMN7915-21; 2 males, Mamove, Nord-Kivu, 950 m, 0.817°N, 29.450°E, May 2017, Colley, A. leg., ANHRT:2018.22, gen slide no. TT 080; 2 males, Mutwanga, North Kivu, 1150 m, 0.333°N, 29.750°E, March 2015, Colley, A. leg., ANHRT:2018.22; 1 male, Biakato, Ituri, 900 m, 0.850°N, 29.250°E, May 2015, Colley, A. leg., ANHRT:2018.22, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00190132/ANLMN7926-21 (ANHRT); 1 male, Uele, Paulis [Isiro], 29 July 1956, Fontaine, M. leg., gen. slide no. RF 2022.112; 1 male, same site and collector, 8 October 1955, gen. slide no. RF 2022.113; 1 male, Kibali, Ituri, 1939, Lepersonne, Mme. A. leg., gen. slide no. RF 2022.111 (RMCA)., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on page 92, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801, {"references":["Tams WHT. 1929. New African Lepidoptera Heterocera. Bull Hill Mus. 3: 163 - 173."]}

Delorhachis chlorodaedala Tams, 1929 (Figures 10 –12, 71–72, 97–98, 136–136, 160) Delorhachis chlorodaedala Tams, 1929, Bulletin of the Hill Museum, 3: 173, pl. 8, Figure 4. Type locality: Angola, Portuguese West Africa, South Bihé District, Benguela Plateau. Holotype, female, gen. slide no. Limacodidae 1327 ♀ (NHMUK). Type material examined Holotype. Female: red circle label ′HOLO- | TYPE̍ || handwritten ′ Delorhachis | chlorodaedala | Tams | Holotype ♀ ̍. || ′82. 28. | South Bihe District | Benguela Plateau | Angola, 5000 feet | Port. West Africa | Nov. 1928 | T. A. Barns ̍ || ′ Limacodidae | Brit. Mus. slide | No. 1327̍ || ′ Joicey Coll. | B. M. 1929–122̍. || QR code label with unique ID NHMUK 010894392 (NHMUK). Additional material examined Angola. 1 male, Benguela Province, between Ganda and Dende, 1210 m, 13.129°S, 14.701°E, 25 March 2014, Naumann, S., Ott, E. Sulak, H. leg., gen. slide no. 28.948; 1 male, Cuanza Sul Province, 80 km E Quibala, 1352 m, 10.595°S, 15.644°E, Naumann, S., Ott, E. Sulak, H. leg., gen. slide no. RF 2021.887; 1 male, Huambo Province, East Catata, 1667 m, 13.399°S, 15.448°E, 25 November 2017, Naumann, S., Ott, E. Sulak, H. leg., gen. slide no. RF 773.2021, BOLD process ID: GWOUI372-21 (RCRF); 1 male, 12 miles SW of Luimbale, c. 5500 ft., 20–21 March 1972 (NHMUK). DRC. 1 male, Katanga, Ruwe, ii.1957, Allard, R.V. leg.; 1 male, Elisabethville, 30 March 1957, Seydel, C. leg.; 1 male, Kafakumba, September 1929, Overlaet, G.F. leg. (RMCA). Malawi. 3 males, Nkhorongo, suburb of Mzuzu, 1375 m, 11.383°S, 33.983°E, 5 December 2018, Murphy, R.J. leg. (RCMS). Tanzania. 3 males, Mpanda District, 55 km S Uvinza, Usondo Plateau, 1650 m, 9 November 1990, BjØrnstad, A. leg., gen. slide No 4147J Delorhachis (RCAB). Zambia. 9 males, 1 female, Kapishya Hot Springs, Shwa N̍gandu Estate, 1437 m, 11.170°S, 31.600°E, January–March 2016, Smith, R., Takano, H. leg., ANHRT:2017.29, gen. slide nos. TT 009, TT 075, LG 5718, LG 5768 DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00057466/ ANLMN7638-21, ANHRTUK00057400/ANLMN7635-21, ANHRTUK00057402/ANLMN7639- 21; 4 males, same site and collectors, December 2014, ANHRT:2017.29; 3 males, same site, 22 November–8 December 2015, Smith, R., Takano, H., Oram, D. leg., ZM-008 (ANHRT15), gen. slide no. TT 076, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00075109/ANLMN7634-21; 18 males, Zambia, Jiwundu Swamp, 1340 m, 11.865°″S, 25.556°E, 21–24 November 2014, Smith, R., Takano, H. leg., ANHRT:2017.12, gen. slide nos. TT 053, TT054, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00190040/ ANLMN7637-21, ANHRTUK00190039/ANLMN7636-21; 14 males, Hillwood, Ikelenge (Miombo / Riverine forest mosaic), 1400 m, 11.267°S, 24.316°E, 23–30 November 2019, Bashford, M., Miles, W., Mulvaney, L., Smith, R. leg., ANHRT:2019.25, gen. slide no. TT 044, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00121979/ANLMN7633-21; 2 males, Chimfunshi, Kafue River, Copperbelt Province, 1280 m, 12.357°S, 27.534°E, 19 November 14, Smith, R., Takano, H. leg.; 1 male, Nyangombe Falls (Miombo / Riverine forest mosaic), 1300 m, 11.807°S, 24.537°E, 15–17 November 2018, Aristophanous, M., Dérozier, V., Laszlo, G., Oram, D. leg., ANHRT:2018.40, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00067001/ ANLMN7632-21; 1 male, same site, 17–23 November 2019, Bashford, M., Miles, W., Mulvaney, L., Smith, R. leg., ANHRT:2019.25; 1 male, Kasanka River Pontoon, Kasanka N.P., 1191 m, 12.573°S, 30.235°E, 2–4 December 2012, Smith, R., Takano, H. leg.; 1 male, Lake Wasa, Kasanka N.P., 1193 m, 12.555°S, 30.295°E, 5 December 2012, Smith, R., Takano, H. leg.; 1 male, Jan Fisher ̍s Farm, Chingola (Miombo / Riverine forest mosaic), 1365 m, 12.603° S, 27.930°E, 14–17 November 2019, Bashford, M., Miles, W., Mulvaney, L. leg., ANHRT:2019.25; 1 female, Chitunta Plain (Miombo / Dambo mosaic), 1396 m, 11.487°S, 24.405°E, 29 November–4 December 2019, Bashford, M., Miles, W., Mulvaney, L. leg., ANHRT:2019.25 (ANHRT); 1 male, N̍kana, Ellison, L. leg. (NHMUK)., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on page 73, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801, {"references":["Tams WHT. 1929. New African Lepidoptera Heterocera. Bull Hill Mus. 3: 163 - 173."]}

Delorhachis ochsei Fiebig, Taberer, Giusti and László sp. nov. (Figures 7 –9, 7 0, 95– 96, 135, 159) Holotype. Male, ′ West Africa, Ghana, | Western Region, 16 km east | of Elubo, Ankasa National | Park, 500 m northwest of Nkwanta Camp, 60 m | Light attraction | February 25 th, 2006 | leg. Michael OCHSE̍ || ′ Genitalpräparat | coll. R. Fiebig | RF 2021.884̍ (RCRF, later ZSM). Paratypes. Ghana. 1 male, Central Region, 30 km north of Cape Coast, Kakum National Park, Canopy Walkway, 198 m, 5.354°N, 1.384°W, 9 May 2005, Ochse, M. leg., gen. slide no. 31.150, BOLD process ID: GWOSV308-11; 1 male, same site and collector, 3 March 2006; 1 male, same site and collector, 30 November 2011; 1 male, Opro River Reserve, 3–8 April 1966, Endrödi-Younga, S. leg., gen. slide no. RF 2021.837 (RCRF); 5 males, same site and collector (ZSM); 1 male, Western Region, Ankasa National Park, 2 km north of Exploration Base, 100 m, 5.450°N, 2.067°W, 14 October 2003, Ochse, M. leg., gen. slide no. RF 2021.888; 1 male, same site and collector, 15 October 2003; 1 male, same site and collector, 11 October 2003; 1 male, Western Region, Ankasa National Park, Visitor Centre, 5.217°N, 2.652°W, 60 m, 29 November 2011, Ochse, M. leg.; 1 male, same site and collector, 6.v.2005 (RCRF); 2 males, 1 female, Wassaw district, 45 miles inland from Sekondi; 1 male, Asuansi, June 1940, Box, H.E. leg.; 2 males, Sekondi; 2 males, Bibianaha, 70 miles NW of Dimkwa, 700 ft, 1911, Spurrell, H.G.F. leg.; 2 males, same site and collector, February 1912; 1 male, same site and collector, 24 October 1911; 1 female, Nsuta, Ashanti, 9 September 1928, Pomeroy, A.W.J. leg., QR code no. NHMUK 014200539, gen. slide no. NHMUK 010317403; 3 males, Ashanti, Juaso, Gibbs, G.H. leg.; 3 males, Kumasi, 9 February 1938; 1 male, same site, 1912, Sanders, J.D.G. leg.; 1 male, Prahsu, 30 December 1939, Box, H.E. leg.; 1 male, Kakum National Park entrance, 220 m, 5.350°N, 1.367°W, 31 May 2011, De Prins, J., De Prins, W. leg., QR code no. NHMUK 014200605 (NHMUK); 3 males, Western Region, Kakum Forest, Gyawale, 20 November 2011, Aarvik, L., Hansen, L.O. leg., gen. slide no. NHMO 4111 (NHMO); 1 male, Kubease, Ashanti, October 2011, gen. slide no. 36.321 (MWW); 2 males, same site (MWW); 3 males, Yamfo, 15–20 October 1993, Kühne, L. leg. (RCLK); 2 males, Kumasi, December 2003, Schlenker leg. (RCMS). Guinea. 8 males, 619 km ESE of Conakry, Nzerekore Region, Prefecture de Lola, Ziela env., 540–600 m, 7.700°N, 8.350°W, October 2017, Local collectors, ANHRT:2020.6, gen. slide no. TT 050, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID 193,040/ANLMN7630-21, unique IDs: ANHRTUK 00193040, 00193354, 00221634, 00222572, 00223923, 00223958, 00224120, 00236410; 1 male, Massadou campsite, Forêt Classée de Ziama, 541 m, 8.343°N, 9.437°W, 8–13 March 2019, Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G., Florczyk, K., Koivogui, S. leg., ANHRT:2019.10, unique ID: ANHRTUK 00235782 (ANHRT); 1 male, Guinée Forestiére, 25 km south of Boula Forêt Classée du Mont Béro, 680 m, 8.182°N, 8.708°W, 15 June 2013, Ochse, M. leg., gen. slide no. 31.130, BOLD process ID: GWOUI370- 21 (RCRF); 2 males, Massadou, near Macenta, 1600 ft, 13 May 1926, Collenette, C.L. leg.; 1 male, same site and collector, 15 May 1926 (NHMUK). Ivory Coast. 4 males, Tai National Park, Tai Research Station, 174 m, 5.833°N, 7.342°W, 25 March–17 April 2017, Aristophanous, A., Aristophanous, M., Geiser, M., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2017.25, unique IDs: ANHRTUK 00005092, 00008338, 00087805, 00088345; 7 males, same site, 5–10 July 2015, Aristophanous, M., Moretto, P., Ruzzier, E. leg. ANHRT:2017.14, DNA barcode ID/ BOLD process ID ANHRTUK108239/ANLMN7629-21, unique IDs: ANHRTUK 00030245, 00030479, 00030480, 00030483, 00030485 00108239, 00108838; 1 male, Mt Tonkoui Peak, 1171 m, 7.454°N, 7.637°W, 12–18 July 2015, Aristophanous, M., Moretto, P., Ruzzier, E. leg., ANHRT:2017.14, unique ID: ANHRTUK 00031848 (ANHRT); 1 male, same site and collectors, 21 July 2013, gen. slide no. UE 6316 (RCMS); 1 female, Mt Nimba camp, 823 m, 7.588°N, 8.418°W, 28 April–8 May 2016, Aristophanous, M., Seiser, M., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2017.17, unique ID: ANHRTUK 00257650; 5 males, Bossématié Forêt Classée, 180 m, 6.511°N, 3.476°W, 25–31 July 2015, Aristophanous, M., Moretto leg., ANHRT: 2017.20, unique IDs: ANHRTUK 00259233–00259237 (ANHRT); 4 males, same site, 1–4 July 2014, Moretto, P. leg. (RCMS); 1 male, Adiopodoumé, November 1963, Griveaud, P. leg.; 2 males, Bingerville, 3–7 September 1915, Melou, G. leg.; 1 male, Divo, November 1964; Griveaud, P. leg. (NHMUK); 1 male, Daloa, 21 October 1976, Politzar, H. leg. (ZSM). Liberia. 9 males, 1 female, Foya Proposed Protected Area, Lofa County, 530 m, 7.943°N, 10.277°W, 10–19 November 2017, Aristophanous, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G., Smith, L. leg., ANHRT:2017.33, gen. slide. no. TT 008, LG 5720, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00085269/ANLMN7631-21, unique IDs: ANHRTUK 00020714, 00084588, 00085269, 00085536, 00201879–00201882, 00236011, 00236012; 1 male, Welezu camp, Wonegizi Nature Reserve, Lofa County, 551 m, 8.083°N, 9.580°W, 19–27 March 2019, Sáfián, Sz., Koivogui, S. leg., ANHRT:2019.7, unique ID: ANHRTUK 00129009; 1 male, Lofa County, Wologizi Mts., Base camp forest, 611 m, 8.121°N, 9.962°W, 20 November–1 December 2017, Aristophanous, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G., Smith, L. leg., ANHRT:2017.33, unique ID: ANHRTUK 00148462; 1 male, Nimba Mountains, Nimba West, Mount Gangra summit, 974 m, 7.546°N, 8.636°W, 17–25 March 2017, Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg., ANHRT:2018.24, unique ID: ANHRTUK 0224301 (ANHRT); 1 male, Kpaine, 400 ft, 7.167°N, 9.117°W, 1 September 1953, Peters, W. leg. (NHMUK); 1 male, Nimba County, East Nimba Mountains, 5 km north of Zortapa, 599 m, 7.413°N, 8.591°W, 29 October 2012, Ochse, M. leg., gen. slide no. 31.149, BOLD process ID: GWOUI369-21 (RCRF); 1 male, Gbarpolu County, Gola National Forest, Kungbor, 401 m, 7.644°N, 10.580°W, 28 May 2017, Ochse, M. leg., gen. slide no. RF 2021.885 (RCRF). Sierra Leone. 1 male, Njala, 17 August 1932, Hargreaves, E. leg.; 1 male, same site and collector, 29 August 1930; 1 male, same site and collector, 9 May 1932; 1 male, same site, 12 December 1927; 1 male, Sierra Leone, June–July 1931, Walls, E.S. leg. (NHMUK); 1 male, Kennema, Railway District, 200 ft, May– June 1911, Addison, M. leg. (OUMNH); 1 male, Tiwai Island, Moe River, 120 m, 7.550°N, 11.353°W, 17–22 June 2016, Goff, R., Miles, W., Takano, H. leg., ANHRT:2017.18, unique ID: ANHRTUK 00257661 (ANHRT); 1 male, Western area, Sussex S Freetown, 5 km E Sussex, 8.349°N, 13.178°W, 10–11 September 2010, Rudloff leg. (RCMS). Description External morphology. Male. Fore wing length 11–12 mm. Head, collar, tegula, and thorax vermillion, antenna bipectinate in basal fourth, otherwise filiform, colour as of head. Tegula with one green circular patch. Dorsal side of thorax with two green parallel longitudinal streaks; ventral side pale beige without markings. Legs vermillion laterally, beige medially. Abdomen uniformly pale beige, first two abdominal segments with vermillion hair scales. Fore wing short, broad, triangular, with rounded apex; ground colour vermillion, veins contrasting black in postmedial area. Medio-ventral fascia Veronese green, elongate, narrow, slightly oblique, margined with black on distal edge. Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour. Hind wing uniformly pale ochreous with slightly darker, long fringe. Underside of wing. Both wings pale vermillion without markings; fringe same as ground colour. Female. Fore wing length 14.5–15.5 mm. Body and wing colour as in male but much paler. Antenna filiform. Fore wing. Broad, with outer margin more evenly arcuate than in males. Green medio-ventral fascia is markedly longer and somewhat narrower than in males, almost parallel with outer fore wing margin; costal area with very small, narrow green dash postmedially. Hind wing uniform pale beige; fringe somewhat darker. Underside of wing paler than upper side, both fore- and hind wing uniformly pale vermillion without markings. Male genitalia. Uncus relatively long, tapered, apically truncate. Tegumen narrow, elongate. Gnathos well developed, elongate quadrangular, with broadly rounded apex. Juxta rounded basally with two, long, lateral ribbon-like distal processes; manica with single, moderately long, straight, robust pseudocornutus. Vinculum long and broad, rounded V-shaped. Valva relatively narrow at base, constricted medially, dilated and trilobate distally, with large rounded dorso-apical lobe, and short, narrow, pointed medial and ventral processes. Phallus long, very thin in the distal half, strongly curved, with sclerotised, apically pointed ventral surface in its basal half. Vesica membranous without cornuti. Female genitalia. Ovipositor short and narrow, papilla analis narrow-ovoid, sparsely setose. Apophysis posterioris long, thick, gradually tapering into pointed apex. Eighth tergite short, weakly sclerotised with two small lateral processes directed caudad; apophysis anterioris very short, rounded triangular. Post-vaginal plate narrow, ribbon-like, moderately sclerotised, slightly arched with concave distal and convex proximal margins, and finely setose surface. Ostium bursae narrow with heavily sclerotised antero-lateral margin. Ductus bursae short and narrow, strongly sclerotised; cervix bursae membranous, slightly dilated, globular. Corpus bursae membranous, distal section tubular, long, inflated, proximal section ovoid with small signum bursae consisting of two anteriorly fused semicircular, finely scobinate plates. Diagnosis This species is highly reminiscent of both D. viridiplaga and D. charopa, as all species have a relatively long and narrow green fore wing fascia. However, the three species are clearly distinct in the genital morphology. Compared with D. viridiplaga, D. ochsei has a wider valva, and the distal dorso-apical lobe is larger and more rounded whilst the medial distal process is markedly shorter and broader. In the female genitalia, the eighth tergite of D. ochsei is shorter than in D. viridiplaga, without a distal protrusion but with two small lateral processes; the ductus bursae is narrower, and the signum bursae is medially fused whilst it consists of two completely separated plates in the related species. The male genitalia of D. ochsei are most similar to those of D. charopa, but differs in the following features. The gnathos of D. ochsei is slightly longer, distinctly narrower, and more rounded apically compared to the plate-like, quadrangular gnathos of D. charopa. In terms of the distal valval processes, the dorso-apical lobe is larger and more rounded in the new species but flatter and reduced in D. charopa. Additionally, the phallus of D. ochsei is slightly longer and slimmer than that of the allied species. Comparing the female genitalia, D. ochsei has a shorter eighth tergite with nearly straight distal margin, whilst it is trapezoidal in D. charopa, the ductus bursae is markedly longer and narrower in the new species, and the signum bursae is more elongate and medially fused. Genetic information This species has been assigned the BIN URI: BOLD:ABA6891/AEJ0449 (n = 6). Delorhachis ochsei has an intraspecific genetic variability of 1.09–2.20%. Its nearest neighbour is D. charopa, with a genetic divergence of 2.51–3.49%, compared to the third member of the species group D. viridiplaga from which the pairwise distance is 3.81–4.48%. Etymology This species has been named in honour of Dr Michael Ochse (Weisenheim am Berg, Germany), renowned lepidopterist and collector of the holotype of this new species. Distribution and habitat (Figures 167–168, 183) Delorhachis ochsei is found in Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, regions characterised by both wetter and drier Guinea-Congolian rainforest. This new species and D. viridiplaga may be an example of allopatric speciation either side of the Volta River System in Ghana, a region known to act as a barrier for speciation (e.g. Sands et al. 2017). Delorhachis ochsei occurs only west of Lake Volta whilst D. viridiplaga has only been found east of this region., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 68-71, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801, {"references":["Sands AF, Apanaskevich DA, Matthee S, Horak IG, Matthee CA. 2017. The effect of host vicariance and parasite life history on the dispersal of the multi-host ectoparasite, Hyalomma truncatum. J Biogeogr. 44 (5): 1124 - 1136. doi: 10.1111 / jbi. 12948."]}

Delorhachis manuelae Fiebig, Taberer, Giusti and László sp. nov. (Figures 43–44, 85, 11 9–120, 148) Holotype. Male, ′MUSEUM WITT | AFRIKA | Congo | ODZALA Nat. Park | H: 400–500 m | 0° 23′N, 14°50′E | 29. 01. – 03. 03. 1997 | leg. Siniaev & Murzin ̍ || ′ Genitalpräparat | Heterocera | Nr. 36.324 | Museum WITT München ̍ (MWW). Paratype. Republic of the Congo. 1 male, Odzala National Park, 400–500 m, 0.383°N, 14.833°E, 29 January–03 March 1997, Siniaev, V., Murzin, S. leg., gen. slide no. 36.325 (MWW); 17 males, same site and collector (MWW). Description Male external morphology. Fore wing length 13 mm. Head, collar, and tegula yelloworange to yellow-beige, antenna bipectinate in basal fourth, otherwise filiform, colour as of head. Tegula with one white rounded patch. Thorax ochreous brown to beige dorsally, yellow ventrally. Legs yellow. Abdomen yellow-orange to light beige dorsally, yellow ventrally, first two segments with ochreous brown to beige hair scales. Fore wing short, broad, triangular, with rounded apex; ground colour ochreous brown to light beige, veins contrasting black in postmedial area. Medio-ventral fascia white, oval, narrow, strongly directed inwards, margined with black on distal edge. Fringe long, colour as ground colour. Hind wing uniformly light brown to pale beige, with black veins postmedially. Underside of wing: fore wing pale brown to pale beige, hind wing yellow-beige to pale beige without markings; fringe as ground colour. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia. Uncus long, tapered, pointed apically. Tegumen broad. Gnathos broad, plate-like, with two short, rounded distal lobes with a shallow rounded medial depression. Juxta with a v-shaped moderately sclerotised basal section, with two relatively short, heavily sclerotised distal processes; manica with a bunch of straight pseudocornuti varying in width and length. Vinculum long, broad, rounded. Valva wide at base, abruptly constricted medially, very narrow distally without dorso-apical process and with very short, thin, upcurved and pointed ventral process. Phallus long, narrow, medially slightly bent with sclerotised, apically pointed ventral surface in its basal half. Vesica membranous without cornuti. Diagnosis This species is closest to D. syntomoctena in terms of adult morphology, but is generally lighter in colour. In the male genitalia, the following notable differences are observed: the gnathos is broad in both species but in D. manuelae sp. nov. it is M-shaped with two short rounded distal lobes whilst in D. syntomoctena the gnathos has a single short, rounded apical process. Delorhachis manuelae has a valva which is strongly constricted medially, with a narrow distal half, whilst the valva of D. syntomoctena tapers gradually and is triangular in shape. At the distal portion of the valva, the new species lacks dorso-apical process and has a short, curved, narrow, pointed ventral process, whilst in the related species, the dorsal process is well developed and the ventral process is very small and rounded. Delorhachis manuelae also possesses a shorter phallus than D. syntomoctena. Genetic information Due to the age of the accessed specimens, this species has not been sampled for DNA barcoding. Etymology Delorhachis manuelae is named in honour of Manuela Windisch, München, Germany, for her contribution to entomological research. Distribution and habitat This species has only been found from the northern part of the Republic of the Congo, a region generally characterised by lowland wet Guinea-Congolian rainforest. However, it is worth noting that Odzala has an incredibly unique and rich savannah fauna as well, although it is difficult to establish which of these habitats this species is associated with based on the label data., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 93-94, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801

Delorhachis charopa (Bethune-Baker, 1909) stat. rev. (Figures 4–6, 6 9, 93–94, 134, 158) Parasa charopa Bethune-Baker, 1909, Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8 (3): 426. Type locality: [DRC], Congo Free State, Mawamba, Makala. Syntypes, 2 males, gen. slide no. Limacodidae 1324J (NHMUK, PCM). Type material examined Syntype. Male: blue circle label ′SYN- | TYPE̍ || green circle label ′ Type ̍ || handwritten ′Mawamba- | Makala | March 1906 | Congo Free State | Powell-Cotton coll ̍. || ′ Parasa | charopa | B-B | Type ̍ || ′G.T.B.- Baker Coll. | Brit Mus. 1927–360̍ || ′ Limacodidae | Brit. Mus. slide | No. 1324̍|| ′ Type Status | Verified | A. Giusti VIII.2013̍|| QR code label with unique ID NHMUK 010984418 (NHMUK). Syntype. Male: yellow circle label ′ Paratype ̍ [based on the original description, this is incorrect and this specimen is a syntype] || handwritten ′The type is in the | Bethune-Baker coll. | (cf. description)̍ || handwritten ′TYPE̍ || ′O̍ [code referring to a locality between Mawambi and Makala, DRC, collected iii.1906, Powell-Cotton, P., Powell-Cotton H. leg.; pers. comm. Rachel Jennings (2021), curator of natural history, Powell-Cotton Museum] (PCM). Additional material examined Angola. 9 males, Quicolungo, 120 km N. of Lucala, 800 m, June 1936, Braun, R. leg., QR code nos. NHMUK 014200536–014200538, gen. slide nos. NHMUK 010317399, 010317400, 010317404 (NHMUK); 6 males, Province Nordcuanza, Canzele, 30 km north Quiculungo, 16 October 1957, Heinrich, G. leg.; 1 male, Bolongongo, 30 km from Canzele, 14 November 1957, Heinrich, G. leg. (ZSM). Cameroon. 2 males, Campo Ma ̍an National Park (Lowland rainforest), 950 m, 2.283°N, 9.951°E, 10–22 March 2018, Fotsing, E., Ishmael, K., Miles, W., Sáfián, Sz. leg., ANHRT:2018.3, gen. slide nos. TT 096, TT 097 (ANHRT); 1 male, Mbalmayo, November 2002, Meister leg. (MWW); 1 male, Yaunde Station, 3 June 1897, Carnap, S.G. leg., gen. slide no. RF 788.2021; 1 male, Central Province, 13 km SW Mbalmayo Menguémé, Nyong River, Ebogo Lodge, 655 m, 3.399°N, 11.467°E, 5 May 2018, Ochse, M. leg., gen. slide no. 36.636, BOLD process ID: GWOUI368-21 (RCRF); 1 male, Sakbayémé, 9 February 1926, Schwab, G. leg.; 1 male, Kribi, December 1961 (NHMUK); 1 male, same site, March 1973, Mühle leg. (MWW); 1 male, Batouri District, 4.25°N, 13.75°E, 24 February–1 March 1935, Merfield, F.G. leg. (NHMUK); 1 male, S-Region, 39 km SE Sangmelima, Ilom, soccer field, 630 m, 2.732°N, 12.173°E, 1 November 2011 (SMNS). Central African Republic. 1 male, Bangui, 350 m, 4.333°N, 18.533°E, 20 September 2000, local collector leg., gen. slide no. 28.960 (MWW); 1 male, Fort-Crampel (NHMUK); 1 male, 55 km NWW Mbaïki, 500 m, 23 December 2008, Halada leg. (RCMS). Republic of the Congo. 1 male, 1 February 1930, gen. slide no. RF 296.2019 (MfN); 21 males, Odzala National Park, 400–500 m, 0.383°N, 14.833°E, 29 January–03 March 1997, Murzin, S., Siniaev, V. leg. (MWW). DRC. 1 male, Biakato, Ituri, 900 m, 0.850°N, 29.250°E, April 2015, Colley, A. leg., ANHRT:2018.22, gen. slide no. TT 051, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00190130/ANLMN7924-21 (ANHRT); 1 female, Province Equateur, Kalambe, 55 km S. Mbandaka, 3 km E. Ort, 450 m, 0.417°S, 18.317°E, 10 August 1991, Karisch, T. leg., QR code no. NHMUK 010894390, gen. slide no. NHMUK 010317410; 1 male, Yakusu, July 1900, Smith, K. leg.; 1 male, Opala, Lomani River, Province Orientale, March 1959, Carcasson, R.H. leg. (NHMUK); 1 male, Equateur, Mondombe, 25 September 1930, Oosterman, R.F. leg. (RMCA); 4 males, 17 km N Kisangani, Masako Field Station, 388 m, 0.600°N, 23.250°E, 2–8 February 2008, Gurkovich, Zolotuhin leg. (MWW); 1 male, Prov. Kivu, Iranqi, 20 September–7 October 1993, Leidenroth, C. leg., gen. slide no. RF2021.899 (SMNS). Gabon. 5 males, Mikongo (Rougier), Monts de Cristal (Secondary forest), 430 m, 0.484°N, 11.178°E, 28 July–12 August 2019, Albert, J.-L., Aristophanous, M., Bie Mba, J., Dérozier, V., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2019.17, gen. slide nos. TT 089, TT 090; 1 male, Nyonié (Lowland forest), 10 m, 0.039°S, 9.340°E, 23–28 August 2019, Albert, J.-L., Aristophanous, M., Bie Mba, J., Dérozier, V., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2019.17; 1 male, Ogooeu Ivindo, P.N. Ivindo, Station de Recherche, d̍ Ipassa, 450 m, 0.512°N, 12.803°E, 14–26 June 2016, Ruzzier, E., Tasane, T. leg., ANHRT:2017.19 (ANHRT); 1 male, same site, 14 November 2009 Decaens, T., Lecourt, G., Bayendi, S. leg., BOLD process ID: MGABB259-10 (MNHN); 1 male, Santa Clara, 0 m, 0.640°N, 9.694°E, 4 June 2011, Siniaev, V. Bezverkhov, Y. leg., gen. slide no. 28.959 (MWW).

Delorhachis meyi Taberer, Fiebig, Giusti and László sp. nov. (Figures 27–29, 78– 79, 10 9–110, 14 3–144, 163) Holotype. Male, ′ Uganda, Kibale | National Park | Biol. Field Station | 19.-24.XI.2014, LF | leg. W. Mey ̍ || ′ Zool. Mus. | Berlin ̍ || ′ MfN gen. prep. N o 437̍ (MfN). Paratypes. Kenya. 8 males, 2 females, Western Kakamega Forest N.P., Buyangu, Udo ̍s camp, 0.354°N, 34.864°E, 1600 m, 9 October 2005, Bartsch, D., Holstein, J. leg.; 7 males, Western Kakamega Forest N.P., Buyangu, Buyangu Hill, 1550–1650 m, 0.336°N, 34.852°E, 7 October 2005, Bartsch, D., Holstein, J. leg.; 1 female, 2 males, Western Kakamega Forest N. P., Buyangu, between Zalazar circuit and Busambuli River, 0.317°N, 34.850°E, 1600 m, 10 October 2005, Bartsch, D., Holstein, J. leg., gen. slide no., RF 2021.895; 7 males, 1 female, Western Kakamega Forest N.P., Buyangu, Busambuli Picnic site, 1550–1600 m, 0.317°N, 8 October.2005, Bartsch, D., Holstein, J. leg., gen. slide no. RF 2021.896 (SMNS). Uganda. 1 male, Mpigi, Mpanga Forest, 25–30 November 2014, Mey, W. leg., gen. slide no.: MfN 436 (MfN); 1 male, same site, 25–29 October 2014, Aarvik, L., Larsen, K. leg. (NHMO); 1 male, Central Region Mpigi District, 4 km west of Mpigi, Mpanga Forest, 1216 m, 0.206°N, 32.302°E, 18 October 2015, Ochse, M. leg., gen. slide no. RF 126.2018; 3 males, same site and collector, 18 October 2015; 1 male, Western Region, Kamwenge Province, 5 km NNW from Nkingo, Kibale National Park, 1220 m, 0.437°N, 30.393°E, 21 October 2015 Ochse, M. leg.; 1 male, Western Region, Bushenyi Province, Queen Elizabeth National Park, Maramagambo Forest, 955 m, 0.423°S, 29.868°E, 29 October 2015, Ochse, M. leg. (RCRF); 1 male, Bushenyi Province, Kalinzu Forest, January 2008, Lequeux, J.P. leg.; 1 male, Semliki Forest, Bundibugyo, August 2005 (RCMS); 1 male, Western Region, Kasese Province, Kibale National Park, Makerere Field Station, Kanyawara Camp, 1557 m, 0.565°N, 30.356°E, 24 October 2014, Ochse, M leg., gen. slide no. 31.131, BOLD process ID: GWOUI371-21 (RCRF); 3 males, Katera Sango Bay, Masaka, October 1960, Carcasson, R.H. leg.; 1 male, Mukono, 17 June 1938; 1 male, Jinja, July 1931 (NHMUK); 4 males, Kasese District, Kibale National Park, 1500 m, 36 N VF 0582 6208, 19–24 October 2014, Aarvik, L., Larsen, K. leg., gen. slide no. NHMO 4110 (NHMO); 1 male, Kibale Forest, Biological Field Station, c. 14 km SE Fort Portal, 1510 m, 0.562°N, 30.357°E, 22 October 2014, Beck, K.R. leg. (SMNS); 1 male, Budongo Forest, Sonso campsite, 1.792°N, 31.582°E, 20 October 2001, Wagner, Th. leg. (RCLK). Description External morphology. Male. Fore wing length 11–14 mm. Head, collar, tegula, and thorax vermillion, antenna bipectinate in basal fourth, otherwise filiform, colour as of head. Tegula with one green rounded patch. Dorsal side of thorax with a central green patch; ventral side pale beige without markings. Legs vermillion laterally, beige medially. Abdomen uniformly pale beige, first two abdominal segments with vermillion hair scales. Fore wing short, broad, triangular,with rounded apex; ground colour vermillion, veins contrasting black in postmedial area. Medio-ventral fascia Veronese green, very broad,rounded,margined with black on distal edge.Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour. Hind wing uniformly pale ochreous with slightly darker, long fringe. Underside of wing. Both wings pale vermillion without markings; fringe as ground colour. Female. Fore wing length 15–16 mm. Body and wing colour as in male. Antenna filiform. Fore wing broad with outer margin more evenly arcuate than in males. Green medioventral fascia is markedly longer and slightly narrower than in males, almost parallel with outer fore wing margin; costal area with triangular green dash postmedially. Hind wing uniform pale beige; fringe somewhat darker. Male genitalia. Uncus long, tapered, apically pointed. Tegumen broad, elongate. Gnathos broad, tapered medially with rounded apex. Juxta rounded basally, with two short, lateral, ribbon-like distal processes; manica with a bunch of long, sclerotised, curled pseudocornuti. Vinculum short and broad, rounded. Valva moderately broad at base, constricted medially, very narrow, distally forming a long, narrow, slightly curved, pointed dorso-apical process and a very short, pointed ventral process. Phallus medium-long, moderately thick, slightly medially bent with sclerotised ventral surface in its basal half. Vesica membranous without cornuti. Female genitalia. Ovipositor short and narrow, papilla analis narrow-triangular, sparsely setose. Apophysis posterioris long, thick, straight, medially tapered, apically pointed. Eighth tergite short, quadrangular; apophysis anterioris very short. Ostium bursae relatively wide, surrounded by a heavily sclerotised, densely setose antevaginal plate. Ductus bursae short, membranous, gradually dilated anteriorly; cervix bursae largely dilated, membranous. Corpus bursae membranous, distal tubular section very short and thick; proximal part of corpus bursae ovoid with small signum bursae consisting of two fully separated, semi-circular, strongly scobinate plates. Diagnosis The comparison between D. meyi and D. parvinota is provided under the diagnosis of the latter species. The new species is also reminiscent of D. chlorodaedala but distinguished by the somewhat larger size and slightly larger fore wing fascia with a broader base. In the male genitalia, D. meyi has a broader and less pointed gnathos, more curved pseudocornuti of manica, markedly narrower and medially more constricted valva with a considerably longer and narrower, more pointed, less curved dorso-apical process. The phallus of the new species is much shorter, less tapering, with markedly shorter coecum than in D. chlorodaedala. Compared to D. parvinota, D. meyi, is bigger in size with a larger body, and the fore wing fascia is considerably larger and broader. In the male genitalia, they are rather similar, although D. meyi has a slimmer and apically less tapered gnathos, less curled pseudocornuti, and valva with less curved and thicker dorso- and more pointed ventro-apical processes. In the female genitalia, the antevaginal plate of D. meyi is much smaller, smoother and somewhat more heavily sclerotised than that of D. parvinota. The ductus bursae is similarly short in both species, but the tubular part of the corpus bursae is substantially wider in D. meyi than in D. parvinota. Finally, the signum bursae of D. meyi is smaller and semi-circular in shape, compared to the larger, amorphous signum of the related species. Genetic information This species belongs to the BIN URI: BOLD:AEO1351. As only one specimen was sampled for DNA barcoding, no data of intraspecific variation can be provided. The nearest neighbour to D. meyi is D. parvinota, with 3.33% pairwise distance between the two species. The genetic divergence of D. parvinota from D. pallidifascia and D. chlorodaedala was 4.15–4.30% and 6.97–7.68%, respectively. Etymology Delorhachis meyi is named in honour of the collector of the holotype, Wolfram Mey, former collection manager of the MfN, Berlin, renowned specialist of Microlepidoptera and Trichoptera. Distribution and habitat (Figures 175–176, 184) Delorhachis meyi inhabits the rainforest and secondary grassland mosaic region of Uganda and Kenya, although the locality data suggests that this is a forest-dwelling species., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 84-86, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801

Delorhachis wetzelae Fiebig, Taberer, Giusti and László sp. nov. (Figures 30, 80, 111, 145) Holotype. Male, [Tanzania] ′ Ukami Berge | (1200 m) Ost Africa | 3–6. 1898. Moritz ̍. || ′ Coll. | Staudinger ̍ || ′ Genitalpräparat | coll. Ralf Fiebig | RF 297.2019̍ (MfN). Description Male external morphology. Fore wing length 13.5 mm. Head, collar, tegula, and thorax vermillion, antenna bipectinate in basal fourth, otherwise filiform, colour as of head. Tegula with one green rounded patch. Dorsal side of thorax with a central green patch; ventral side pale beige without markings. Legs vermillion laterally, beige medially. Abdomen uniformly pale beige, first two abdominal segments with vermillion hair scales. Fore wing short, broad, triangular, with rounded apex; ground colour vermillion, veins contrasting black in postmedial area. Medio-ventral fascia pale green, narrow, elongate, undulate, margined with black on distal edge. Fringe long, slightly darker than ground colour. Hind wing uniformly pale ochreous with slightly darker, long fringe. Underside of both wings pale vermillion without markings; fringe as ground colour. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia. Uncus short, tapered, apically pointed. Tegumen broad. Gnathos short, basally broad, constricted medially, rounded apically. Juxta rounded basally, with two short, ventral, ribbon-like distal processes; manica with two sclerotised, relatively long, slightly curved pseudocornuti. Vinculum short and broad, rounded. Valva moderately broad at base, constricted medially, very narrow, distally forming a long, narrow, curved, dorso-apical process with a rounded point and a very short, pointed ventral process. Phallus medium-length, moderately thick, very slightly curved bearing a sclerotised, apically pointed ventral surface in its basal half. Vesica membranous without cornuti. Diagnosis Delorhachis wetzelae is most similar in size to D. meyi, although the former species has a lighter green, narrower, undulating fore wing fascia compared to the broader fascia of the latter species. The male genitalia of D. wetzelae has a somewhat shorter gnathos, less numerous and straighter pseudocornuti, and a medially somewhat narrower valva with a shorter, more curved, less pointed dorso-apical process compared to those of D. meyi. Genetic information The single known specimen of D. wetzelae was not suitable for DNA barcoding due to its age. Etymology Delorhachis wetzelae is named in honour of Ellen Wetzel, Arten-Schönfeld, Germany, for her contribution to entomological research. Distribution and habitat (Figure 184) This species is presumably endemic to the forested Uluguru Mountains of the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania. An allopatric sister taxon of D. wetzelae was found from the nearby Usambara Mountains and is described below as D. wetzelae shambaa ssp. nov., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on pages 86-87, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801

Delorhachis nigrivenosa Karsch, 1896 (Figures 53–57, 90, 127–128, 155–156, 164) Delorhachis nigrivenosa Karsch, 1896, Entomologische Nachrichten, 22 (17–18): 276. Type locality: [Togo], Togobiet, Misahöhe. Holotype, male (MfN). Miresa strigivena Hampson,1910 syn. nov. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 6 (8): 139. Type locality: Nigeria S, Lagos. Holotype, female (NHMUK). Type material examined Holotype of Delorhachis nigrivenosa. Male: red oblong label ′Type̍ || ′ Togo | Misahöhe | 1893 | E.Baumann S̍. || ′40,644̍ || stamp ′STATION | MISAHÖHE | TOGOGEBIET̍ | handwritten ′I.IV.94 | Báumann̍ || handwritten ′Genit. Slide | SAV-08-32̍ || QR code label with unique MfN URI http://coll.MfN-berlin.de/u/86cdb5 (MfN). Holotype of Miresa strigivena. Female: red circle label ′Holo- | type̍ || ′ Lagos. | H. Strachan. | 99–165̍. || handwritten ′ Miresa | strigivena | type ♀. Hmpsn̍. || ′Type Status | Verified | A. Giusti V.2012 ̍ || QR code label with unique ID NHMUK 010894535 (abdomen missing) (NHMUK). Additional material examined Cameroon. 15 males, 1 female. North Region, Wack (La Falaise), 900 m, 7.671°N, 13.555°E, 2–21 October 2018, Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg., ANHRT:2018.36, gen. slide nos. LG 5721, TT 042, TT 095, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00115329/ANLMN7647-21, ANHRTUK00114382/ANLMN7648-21 (ANHRT); 1 female, Johann-Albrechts Höhe Station, Conradt, L. leg., gen. slide no. RF 298.2019 (MfN); 1 male, South West Province, 13 km NW Mundemba, Korup National Park, Rengo Rock, 134 m, 5.042°N, 8.815°E, 4 November 2007, Ochse, M. leg. BOLD process ID: GWOSZ463-11 (RCRF). Central African Republic. 1 male, Bangui, 350 m, 4.333°N, 18.533°E, 20 September 2000, local collector leg., gen. slide no. 32.030. Republic of the Congo. 1 male, Odzala National Park, 400–500 m, 0.383°N, 14.833°E, 29 January–03 March 1997, Murzin, S., Siniaev, V. leg., gen. slide no. 36.330 (MWW). DRC. 1 male, Kanyatsi, North-Kivu, 1700 m, 1.367°S, 28.983°E, June 2017, Colley, A. leg., ANHRT:2018.22, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00190126/ANLMN7920- 21; 1 male, Mutwanga, North Kivu, 1150 m, 0.333°N, 29.750°E, March 2015, Colley, A. leg., ANHRT:2018.22, gen. slide no. TT 041, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00190136/ANLMN7930-21. Gabon. 3 males, Mikongo (Rougier), Monts de Cristal (Secondary forest), 430 m, 0.484°N, 11.178°E, 28 July–12 August 2019, Albert, J.-L., Aristophanous, M., Bie Mba, J. Dérozier, V., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2019.17, gen. slide nos. TT 040, TT 091, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00167946/ANLMN7651-21; 1 female, Nyonié (Lowland forest), 10 m, 0.039°S, 9.340°E, 23–28 August 2019, Albert, J.-L., Aristophanous, M., Bie Mba, J., Dérozier, V., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2019.17 (ANHRT); 1 male, Ogooeu Ivindo, P.N. Ivindo, Station de Recherche, d̍ Ipassa, 520 m, 0.512°N, 12.803°E, 14–24 November 2009, Decaens, T., Lecourt, G., Bayendi, S. leg., BOLD process ID: MGABB279-10 (MNHN). Ghana. 1 male, Kwadaso, 6 October 1953, Bowden, J. leg. (NHMUK). Guinea. 7 males, 1 female, Ditinn, Chute de Ditinn, 771 m, 10.819°N, 12.192° W, 18–25 September 2019, Geiser, M., Leno, M., Koivagui, S., Miles, W., Mulvaney, L., Sáfián, Sz. leg., ANHRT:2019.19; 1 male, 619 km ESE of Conakry, Nzerekore Region, Prefecture de Lola, Ziela environment, 540–600 m, 7.700°N, 8.350°W, October 2017, local collectors leg., ANHRT:2020.6. Ivory Coast. 6 males, Mt. Tonkoui Peak, 1171 m, 7.454°N, 7.637°W, 1–8 November 2015, Aristophanous, M., Moretto, P., Ruzzier, E. leg., ANHRT:2017.16, gen. slide no. TT 011, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00190041, ANLMN7644-21 (ANHRT); 3 males, same site, 1–4 July 2014, Moretto, P. leg., gen. slide no. UE 6320; 1 male, Comoe, Kolomabira, 228 m, 8.489°N, 3.757°W, July 2015, Moretto, P. leg. (RCMS); 2 males, Taï NP. Taï Research Station, 174 m, 5.833°N, 7.342°W, 25 March–17 April 2017, Aristophanous, A., Aristophanous M., Geiser, M., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2017.25; 1 male, same site, 5–10 July 2015, Aristophanous, M., Moretto, P., Ruzzier, E. leg., ANHRT:2017.14, gen. slide no. TT 031, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK107764, ANLMN7650-21; 2 males, Abidjan, Banco Forest (Parc-National du Banco), 39–48 m, 5.384°N, 4.053°W, 21– 30 April 2017, Aristophanous, A., Aristophanous, M., Geiser, M., Moretto, P. leg., ANHRT:2017.25, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00085987/ANLMN7649-21. Liberia. 1 male, Sinoe County, 6.5 km NW of Jacksonville, Forest near Solve Problem Village, 5.440°N, 9.128°W, 23–27 January 2018, Geiser, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg., ANHRT:2017.33, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00090304/ANLMN7645-21; 1 female, Foya Proposed Protected Area, Lofa County, 530 m, 7.943°N, 10.277°W, 10–19 November 2017, Aristophanous, M., Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G., Smith, L. leg. ANHRT:2017.33; 1 male, Nimba Mountains, Nimba West, Mount Gangra summit, 974 m, 7.546°N, 8.636°W, 17–25 March 2017, Sáfián, Sz., Simonics, G. leg., ANHRT:2018.24 (ANHRT). Nigeria. 1 male, Sobo Plain, near Sapele, 27 February 1957, MacNulty, B.J. leg., QR code no. 010894378; 1 male, 1 female, NW state, Mokwa, near Cattle Ranch, 9–13 August 1970, Ward, P.H. leg. (NHMUK). Senegal. 1 male, Sédhiou, 1917, Castell, H. leg. (NHMUK). Sierra Leone. 1 male, Kalainkay near Kamabai, Northern Province, 80 m, 3–6 November 15, 9.181°N, 11.946°W, Goff, R., Smith, R., Takano, H. leg.; 1 male, Mansonia village at the foothills of Loma Mountains, 420 m, 9.129°N, 11.085°W, 6 June 2016, Takano, H., Miles, W., Goff, R. leg., ANHRT:2017.18 (ANHRT). South Sudan. 1 male, 1 female, East Equatoria State, Akotos Province, Lolibai Mountains, 1300 m, 15 August–10 September 2010, Gurko, V. leg., gen. slide no. 36.328, 36.329 (MWW). Togo. 1 male, Fazao-Malfakassa NP, Point de vue campsite (Sudanian savannah), 415 m, 8.814°N, 0.818°E, 16–23 August 2018, Aristophanous, M., Geiser, M., Moretto, P., Sanbena, B. leg., ANHRT:2018.31, gen. slide no. TT 039, DNA barcode ID/BOLD process ID ANHRTUK00091337/ANLMN7646-21 (ANHRT). No locality data. 1 male, 16 July 1964, ′C.A.S̍. (NHMUK)., Published as part of Taberer, Tabitha R., Fiebig, Ralf, Giusti, Alessandro & László, Gyula M., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Delorhachis Karsch 1896 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), pp. 54-129 in Journal of Natural History 57 (1 - 4) on page 100, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2157346, http://zenodo.org/record/7636801, {"references":["Karsch F. 1896. Die athiopischen Limakodiden des Berliner Museums. Entomologische Nachrichten. 22 (17 - 18): 261 - 283.","Hampson GF. 1910. Descriptions of new African moths. Ann Mag Nat Hist. 6 (8): 116 - 141. doi: 10. 1080 / 00222931008692829."]}

Hydria loebeli sp. n. (Figs 22���23, 34, 39, 47, Map 2) Holotype. ♀, T��rkei, prov. Erzurum, Umg. Ispir K��pr��koy, 2000m, 02.08.2001, LF, leg. Dirk Stadie & Hans L��bel (reared), gen. preps (♀) DS 93-2019, BC ZSM Lep 104656, coll. PCDS later ZSM; Paratypes. Turkey: 1 ♀, Kleinasien, prov. Ankara, vic. Kizilcahamam, Soguksu, 1000m, 3.8.[19]86, leg. de Freina, gen. prep. 2173/2018 H. Rajaei; 1 ♂, Kleinasien, prov. Kayseri, Bakir Daglari, 22km SES Bakir-dagi, Gezbeli-Pass W-Seite, 1700m, 29.7.[19]89, leg. de Freina, gen. prep. 2302/2020 H. Rajaei; 1 ♂, Kleinasien, prov. Tokat-Sivas, 1700m, Camlibel-Pass, 01.7.-10.7.[19]78, leg. de Freina, gen. prep. 2303/2020 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, T��rkei, Anatolien, 25km s��dl. Sivas, 1500m, 24. + 26.vii.1978, leg. W. Thomas, gen. prep. 2305/2020 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, T��rkei, Kankiri, 7km E Ismet pass, 1060m, 28.7.[19]96], leg. H., Kautt, gen. prep. 2306/2020 H. Rajaei; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, T��rkei, prov. Erzurum, Umg. Ispir K��pr��koy, 2000m, 02.08.2001, LF, leg. Dirk Stadie & Hans L��bel, gen. preps (♂) 2321, (♀) 2322/2020 H. Rajaei; all in SMNS; 1 ♂, 4 ♀ T��rkei, Prov. Erzurum, Umg. Ispir K��pr��koy, 2000m, 02.08.2001, LF, leg. Dirk Stadie & Hans L��bel (reared), gen. preps (♂) DS 101-2019, (♀) DS 180-2019; 1 ♀, T��rkei, Prov. Malatya, Nemrut dagi, 2000m, 23.05.2009 LF, leg. D. Stadie & H. L��bel; ge. prep. DS 181-2019, all in coll. PCDS; 4 ♂, 2 ♀, T��rkei centr., prov. Nigde, Aladag West, 5 km SSO von Sulucaova, N 37��58���13���, O 35��09���58���, 2200���2500m ��.NN, 10.07.2011 LF, leg. R. Fiebig & S. Rothe, gen. preps (♂) 2319, (♀) 2320/2020 H. Rajaei, (♂) DS 178-2019, (♂) DS 171-2019, (♀) DS 175-2019; 1 ♂, T��rkei centr[al], Provinz Nevsehir, Kappadokien, Aktepe 1km SSO, N 38��40���43���, O 34��52���25���, 1070m ��. NN, 14.��� 17.08.2009 LF, leg. R. & S. Fiebig, DS 84-2019; 2 ♂, T��rkei centr[al], Provinz Sivas, Mazikaran gecidi 1560m ��.NN, G��r��n 8,8km westlich, N 38��42���39���, O 37��10���33���, 07.07.2011 LF, leg. R. Fiebig & S. Rothe, gen. prep DS 170-2019, BMB Lep 00378; 1 ♀, T��rkei centr[al], Provinz Sivas, G��kpinar, 1,5km westlich, 1800m ��. NN, N 38��39���21���, O 37��17���19���, 18.08.2009 LF, leg. R. & S. Fiebig, gen. Prep DS 176-2019, coll. PCRF. 1 ♂, T��rkei, Prov. Erzurum, Umg. Ispir K��pr��koy, 2000m, 02.08.2001, LF, leg. Dirk Stadie & Hans L��bel; 1 ♂, Province Erzurum, Ovit dagh Pass, 27.VII. 2001, leg. Hans L��bel; 1♀, Province Erzurum, Ovit dagh Pass, 5. VIII. 2001, leg. Hans L��bel; 1 ♂, T��rkei, Pontisches Gebirge, Ilgaz Daglari, Ilgaz, ca. 800m, 27.VII.1992; 2 ♂, 3 ♀, T��rkei, Nevsehir, Umg. G��reme, 30. V.-2. VI.2000, leg. Hans L��bel; all in coll. PCHL; 10 ♂, 1 ♀ Zentral-T��rkei, Kappadokien, Prov. Nevsehir, ��rgyp Umg[ebung], 1400m, Weibchen, 13. V.1999 (reared), e.o.: 18.IX.1999 F1, leg. J. Gelbrecht, S. Beshkov, T. Drechsel & E. Schwabe, gen. Prep. DS 166-2029; 1 ♂, Zentral-T��rkei, Kappadokien, Prov. Nevsehir, ��rgyp Umg[ebung], 1400m, Weibchen, 13. V.1999 (reared), e.o.: 7.VII-11.VIII.1999, leg. J. Gelbrecht, S. Beshkov, T. Drechsel & E. Schwabe, gen. Prep. DS 163-2019; 1 ♀ Zentral- T��rkei, Kappadokien, Prov. Nevsehir, ��rgyp Umg[ebung], 1400m, 13. V.1999, leg. J. Gelbrecht, S. Beshkov, T. Drechsel & E. Schwabe, Barcode: BMB Lep 000794; 1 ♂, Zentral-T��rkei, Kappadokien, Prov. Nevsehir, ��rgyp Umg[ebung], 1400m, Weibchen, 13. V.1999 (reared), leg. J. Gelbrecht, S. Beshkov, T. Drechsel & E. Schwabe, Barcode: BMB Lep 00793; 1 ♂, T��rkei, Pontisches Gebirge, Ilgaz Daglari, Ilgaz, ca. 800m, 6.VII.1990, leg. J. Gelbrecht & E. Schwabe, DS 168-2019, BMB Lep 00795, all in coll. PCJG; Description. (Figs 22���23) Wingspan 27���37 mm. Apex of forewing pointed. Ground colour of the wings warm ochre-brown to light ochre (Cappadocia), wavy transverse line darker; the area between postmedial line and subterminal line light-brown. Hindwings light ochre to light ochre-brown; transverse lines indistinct, invisible towards the wing base. Wing surface with a strong lustre. Termen undulating; subterminal line present; terminal line continuously medium brown. Wing underside uniform light brown, on forewing postmedial line only present at the upper two third, absent or very weak towards inner margin. On hindwing underside the postmedial line being usually weaker, sometimes absent. Discal spot hardly visible on forewing, weak or absent on hindwing. Terminal line very thin on both wings. Fringes slightly darker than the ground colour. In male, the patch of androconial hairscales on underside of hindwing dorsum grey-brown, more concentrated towards tornus. High variable in all pattern. Male genitalia. (Figs 34, 39) Uncus triangular, apically rounded. Valva membranous, lobe-like, apically rounded. Sacculus projection digitiform, more or less straight, reaching to half of the length of valva, its apex rounded. Juxta trapezoid, distally with two lateral fine projections and an elongated medial bifurcated lobe. Labides well developed, reaching to the mid of uncus, apically thin, clubbed and covered with hairs. Saccus broadly rounded. Aedeagus cylindrical, straight. Vesica covered with tiny dotted microcornuti, apically with a pair of long needleshaped, stout cornuti (sometimes only a single cornutus), basally with a patch of short cornuti. Female genitalia. (Fig. 47) Ovipositor large, wide. Posterior apophyses three times longer than anterior apophyses. Antrum and lamella antevaginalis membranouse. Ductus bursae wide, short. Corpus bursae largely elongated, with two distinguishable parts: posteriorly well sclerotized, covered with a ridge of tiny spines along the corpus bursae and small patch of spines close to membranous part; anteriorly membranous without any spine. Diagnosis. Based on its size and wing pattern the new species could be confused only with H. montivagata. The background of wings of H. loebeli have a warm-brown to light orange hue (grey-brown to grey ochre in H. montivagata). The andoconial hairscales on dorsum hindwing of male in H. loebeli are grey ochre elongated from basal to tornus of hindwing (dark brown with more concentration towards tornus in H. montivagata). On the male genitalia, H. loebeli has an uncus with clearly long apical part, apically rounded; juxta short, its apical lobe triangular; vesica with one or two long needle-shaped cornuti at its apical part and a patch of tiny spines an its basal part in H. loebeli (uncus short, trapezoid; juxta long, its apical lobe elongated and shallowly bifurcated; the patch of tiny spines at basal part of vesica is absent in H. montivagata). In H. loebeli the sacculus part of valva clearly longer than in H. montivagata (this character is only visible in natural position and will be changed in embedded structure; see Figs 38���39). In female genitalia, H. loebeli has a less sclerotized ductus bursae; posterior apophyses three times longer than anterior apophyses (ductus bursae strongly sclerotized; posterior apophyses twice longer than anterior apophyses in montivagata). Genetics. Show barcode sharing with both H. hyrcana and H. montivagata, all three species could be diagnosed based on male and female genitalia (see discussion section). Distribution. So far only known from Asia Minor (Turkey). Occurrence in Armenia and western parts of Azerbaijan is most likely by zoogeographic reasons. Habitat. The species inhabits a wide range of habitats. H. loebeli was recorded in dry xeromontane high mountain steppes, in warm and herb-rich steppes of Inner Anatolia (Cappadocia) and edges and clearings of broadleaved forest of north-east Turkey (prov. Erzurum) as well (Fig. 76, 77). The hostplant seems to be facilitated by grazing of human livestock. Phenology. According to the data the imaginal period lasts from mid-May to the end of August. The very early records from mid-May from the Nemrut Dagh (worn specimen!) and Cappadocia indicate the presence of two regular generations in sites with favourable climate, whereas a single brood occurs in cold, high montane and northern areas. This hypothesis could be confirmed by rearing experiments under laboratory conditions (J. Gelbrecht, pers. communication). Biology. Life cycle like in the genus description. Hostplants are probably local Berberis species. Immature stages. Not examined., Published as part of Stadie, Dirk, Fiebig, Ralf & Rajaei, Hossein, 2022, Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H, 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies, pp. 501-530 in Zootaxa 5092 (5) on pages 517-527, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5092.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5896491

Hydia schachti sp. n. (Figs 13–15, 29, 43, Map 1) Holotype. ♂ NE-Türkei, Provinz Erzurum, Mescit daglari, 1450 m, ca. 3 km südlich Maden Köprübasi bei Ispir, [N40°27‘30“, E40°51‘02“], 23.IV.2001, leg. J. Gelbrecht, S. Beshkov & Ahmet Kazanci, coll. PCDS. Paratypes. Turkey: 2 ♂, Türkei, Prov. Erzurum, 17.IV.[20]02, 1350m, 5km W [estlich] Ispir (am Coru Neri), leg. Bernd Schacht, gen. preps DS 113 / 2012, DS 112 /2012, coll. PCBS, coll ZMHU; 1 ♂, 2 ♀ NE-Türkei, Province Erzurum, Karadeniz Daglari: Korga dari Köprüköy bei Ispir, [N40°25‘17“, E40° 57‘57“], 1600m, 24.IV.2001, leg. J. Gelbrecht, S. Beshkov & Ahmet Kazanci, BC ZSM Lep 08928; 2 ♀ NE-Türkei, Provinz Erzurum, Mescit daglari, 1450m; ca. 3km südlich Maden Köprübasi bei Ispir, [N40°27‘30“, E40°51‘02“], 23.IV.2001, leg. J. Gelbrecht, S. Beshkov & Ahmet Kazanci, all in coll. PCJG. Georgia: 2 ♀ Transcaucasia [Georgia], Achaltzych [Akhalts`ikhe], [N41°38‘20“, E42°58‘57“], 1885 [1,328m], M. Korb leg., Sammlung Osthelder, LL 38 / 2011, LL39 /2011, coll. ZSM. Description. (Figs 13–15) Wingspan 30–36 mm. Apex of forewing pointed. Ground colour of forewing ochrebrown to grey-brown, with dark grey-brown ante- and postmedian fascia. Tiny discal spot, hardly visible from upper side, but well distinct on underside, blackish brown in colour. Terminal area towards postmedian with a well contrasting cream-white to light ochre-brown fascia. Subterminal line whitish, irregularly waved, with whitish brindled projections along the veins towards wing base. Terminal line well developed, dark brown. Hindwing ochreto grey-brown, darkened towards termen; rather distinct transverse lines present. Discal spot very small, hardly visible. Termen strongly undulating. Subterminal line partly present towards anal margin; terminal line dark brown, consisting of angulated streaks between the veins. Wing underside ochre-brown; basal area up to the postmedian fascia slightly darker. Postmedian fascia well-developed, becoming more intense towards costa of forewing. Discal spots in males small and dot-shaped on both wings; in females larger, streak-shaped on forewing, round on hindwing. Fringes slightly darker than the ground colour. The patch of androconial, hairy scales on hindwing underside comparable small, light ochre. Male genitalia. (Fig. 29) Uncus triangular, slender and tapering. Valva membranous, lobe-like, apically rounded. Sacculus projection digitiform, medially curved dorsad, reaching half of the length of valva, its apex pointed. Juxta trapezoid, distally with two lateral horn-like processes and a shallow medial forked. Labides well developed, reaching to the mid of uncus, apically clubbed and covered with hairs. Saccus broadly rounded, rather narrow. Aedeagus cylindric, slightly bent. Vesica with only two needle-shaped, stout cornuti. Female genitalia. (Fig. 43) Ovipositor large, broad. Posterior apophyses twice times longer than anterior apophyses. Antrum and lamella antevaginalis membranouse. Ductus bursae wide. Corpus bursae largely oval, with two distinguishable parts: posteriorly well sclerotized with lateral lobe partially ornamented with a patch of tiny spines; anteriorly membranous with a semi-circular comb-shaped signum covered with long spinules. Diagnosis. The new species could be easily diagnosed from H. gernoti (see the Diagnose part of the latter species) and H. (cf.) sp. n., (see the Diagnose part of the next species). Very similar to H. cervinalis especially to its ssp. taurica. Hydria schachti has tiny discal spots on forewing (discal spot nearly three times larges in H. cervinalis tauric a). Male specimens of H. schachti with light ochre andoconial hairscales on dorsum of hindwing (always rusty red-brown to medium-brown in H. cervinalis taurica). For confidential identification, characters of the male genitalia are necessary. In Hydria schachti uncus is long and narrow at base (shorter and broader at the base in Hydria cervinalis taurica). Digitiform sacculus projection is shoter, stronger at base, less arched in H. schachti (longer and well-curved in H. cervinalis taurica, H. gernoti and H. (cf.) sp. n.). Juxta slender than H. cervinalis, H. gernoti and H. (cf.) sp. n.). Aedeagus with only two cornuti in H. schachti (same condition in H. (cf.) sp. n.; more than two cornuti in H. cervinalis and H. gernoti). Female genitalia of H. schachti with a lateral lobe on posterior part of corpus bursae (same in H. cervinalis; lateral lobe of corpus bursae is absent in H. gernoti and H. (cf.) sp. n.). Genetic data. Show barcode sharing with H. (cf.) sp. n., possibly a case of genetic introgression between these two morphologically diagnosable species (see discussion section). Genetically next species is H. gernoti sp. n., shows relatively low genetic distance (1.8%). Remark. Records from NE Turkey in Hausmann & Viidalepp (2012: 395) should refer to H. schachti. Phenology. The species is so far known only from mid to end of April. Distribution. Caucasian-Transcaucasian.So far known from the North-east of Turkey and Georgia (Akhalts`ikhe). Probably also present in Armenia, but probably has been overlooked due to its early spring flight period. Habitat. Warm sub-continental broad-leaved open forests, forest clearings and humid rocky river-valleys and along small creeks with occurrence of the Berberis species, the suggested hostplants. Biology. Montane species. Univoltine. Life cycle and behaviour of the larva very similar to the closely congeners species. The adults were observed nectar feeding on flowers of planted cherry trees (Drechsel pers. comm.). Etymology. The new species is dedicated to bERnD ScHacHT (1961–2020), Dahlewitz, Germany for his merits in investigation of the Macro-Heterocera fauna of Turkey and of the Altai Mountains in Russia. Remarks. The status of the populations from the western part of the Great Caucasus in Georgia and Russia (Aragvi river, Karbadino-Balkariya, Tscherkessia) is unclear, because only females could be traced. However, the barcodes clearly indicate that these populations do not belong to H. cervinalis. Further investigations are required.

Hydria gernoti sp. n. (Figs 11���12, 28, 36, 42, Map 1) Holotype ♂, T��rkei, prov. Nigde, Ala Dagi, Umg [ebung] Sulucaova, N37��59���51���, E35��11���39���, 20.05.2009 LF, 2100m, leg. D. Stadie & H. L��bel, coll. PCDS. Paratypes. 13 ♂, 6 ♀, T��rkei, Prov. Nigde, Ala Dagi, Umg [ebung] Sulucaova, N37��59���51���, E35��11���39���, 20.05.2009 LF, 2100m, e. o. [reared], leg. D. Stadie & H. L��bel, coll. PCDS, coll. PCJG; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality as before, gen. preps. (♀) 2317 and (♂) 2318/2020 H. Rajaei, both in SMNS; 1 ♂, same locality as before, RC LL 0031, gen. prep. DS 1-2012, coll. PCDS, 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality as before, gen. preps. (♂) DS 99-2012, (♀) DS 100-2012, coll. PCDS, coll. PCJG; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, same locality as before; 1 ♀, T��rkey, Zentralanatolien, ��mg. G��reme, 21.- 23.4.1995, leg. Dr. L��bel & Th. Drechsel, (♀) 2421/2021 H. Rajaei, in SMNS. 1 ♂, same locality as latter, gen. preps. (♂) 2420/2021 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, T��rkey, Taurisches Gebirge bei Anatolya, 200���600 m, 28.-304.1995, leg. Dr. L��bel & Th. Drechsel, gen. prep. 2422/2021 H. Rajaei, coll. PCHL. 2 ♂, same locality as before, in PCRF. Description. (Figs 11���12) Wingspan in male and female 31���34 mm. Apex of forewing slightly rounded. Ground colour of forewing ochre-brown (lighter in males), ante- and postmedian fascia darker. Discal spot on forewing small but distinct, blackish brown in colour. Terminal area between postmedian fascia and subterminal line uniform light ochre-brown, darkened only subapically between the veins R3���5. Transverse lines weak or absent. Subterminal line whitish, irregularly waved. Terminal line weak, dark brown. Hindwing upper side uniform light ochre-brown towards termen somewhat darkened, nearly without pattern. Discal spot very small and of low contrast. Termen strongly undulating. Subterminal line present near anal margin, elsewhere lapsed; terminal line dark brown, consisting of angulated streaks between the veins. Wing underside uniform light ochre-brown. The darker ochrebrown postmedian fascia well developed, more intensely towards costa of forewing. Latter running rather straight from inner margin up to vein M1, then strongly curved basally up to the costa, reaching the latter nearly in a right angle. Discal spots well visible, on forewing comma-shaped, on hindwing round. Transverse lines absent. Terminal line like on upper side. Fringes like the ground colour. In male, the patch of androconial hairscales visible on dorsum of hindwing���s underside, light ochre in colour. Slightly variable in all patterns. Male genitalia. (Figs 28, 36) Uncus triangular, slender and tapering. Valva membranous, lobe-like, apically rounded. Sacculus projection digitiform, medially curved dorsad, reaching half of the length of valva, its apex pointed. Juxta trapezoid, distally with two lateral horn-like processes and a rectangular median projection. Labides well developed, reaching to the mid of uncus, apically clubbed and covered with hairs. Saccus broadly rounded, rather narrow. Aedeagus very short, cylindrical, slightly bent at its dorsal part. Vesica membranous, with three to five stout, needle-shaped cornuti. Female genitalia. (Fig. 42) Ovipositor large, broad. Posterior apophyses twice longer than anterior apophyses. Antrum and lamella antevaginalis membranous. Ductus bursae wide. Corpus bursae largely oval, with two distinguishable parts, posteriorly well sclerotized with a semi-circular crista densely covered with spinules, anteriorly membranous with a star-shaped signum. Lateral lobe absent. Diagnosis. The new species could be easily distinguished from other west Palearctic Hydria species based on wing and genitalia characters. Forewings of H. gernoti with light ochre-brown ground colour, wings even in fresh specimens semi-translucent (very variable, light-to chocolate brown in cervinalis, light greyish in schachti sp. n.). Nevertheless, in all of these species forewings are never translucent. In H. gernoti the apex of forewing is rounded; transverse lines are absent at the terminal area of forewing (apex is pointed and transverse lines are present at the terminal area of forewing in all other discussed Hydria species). The shape and colour of the androconial hairscale patch on dorsum of the male hindwing is small and light ochre in colour in H. gernoti (same colour in schachti; large and rusty red- to dark brown in H. cervinalis). The hairy scales are also visible even in worn specimens. Male genitalia are very similar to H. cervinalis, but the digitiform sacculus projection is arched ventrad as in H. gudarica (not arched in H. cervinalis), this character is visible only in natural position (see Figs 35, 36) and not in embedded genital capsule. Additionally, shape of the juxta in H. gudarica distally with a rectangular median projection (forked in H. cervinalis). Hydria gudarica has a shorter and thicker aedeagus (longer and more slender in H. cervinalis) (Figs 26���28). In female genitalia of H. gudarica the lateral lobe is absent (present in H. cervinalis) (see Fig. 40���42). Genetic data. Nearest cluster to H. gernoti is the H. schachti ���cluster with a min. distance of 1.8%. Phenology. The species is so far known only from mid-May, recorded at the type locality. Adults fly in early spring, the time of bursting of buds on the Berberis bushes. Snowfields were present on northwards facing slopes. Distribution. So far known from the Ala-dagi and the surroundings of G��reme, province Nevsehir in Central Turke, but due to the early flight period probably overlooked in other places. Habitat. Continental xero-montane mountain-steppe dominated by spiny dwarf-shrubs of Acantholimon and Astragalus species. Patches of Berberis bushes were occurring on moister, northwards facing escarpments and along small creeks (Fig. 74, 75). Biology. Xero-montane species. Univoltine under laboratory conditions. Reared on B. communis. Larva hiding between spun leaves, mainly feeding at night. Pupation near the soil. Overwintering as pupa fully developed. Etymology. The new species is dedicated to GERnoT STaDIE (��), the father of the senior author. He died suddenly and unexpected in the age of 74 in January 2017. In memoriam and gratitude., Published as part of Stadie, Dirk, Fiebig, Ralf & Rajaei, Hossein, 2022, Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H, 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies, pp. 501-530 in Zootaxa 5092 (5) on pages 509-510, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5092.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5896491

Stadie, Dirk, Fiebig, Ralf, Rajaei, Hossein (2022): Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H , 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies. Zootaxa 5092 (5): 501-530, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5092.5.1

Hydria relicta (Herbulot. 1953) comb. n. (Figs 24���25) Eulype relicta Herbulot, 1953: Bulletin de la Soci��t�� entomologique de France, 58 (1): 9, (Kenya, Mt Aberdare, Versant oneset, Maison foresti��re Kinanagop, 2800 m). Holotype ♂, paratypes 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (in ZSM). Material examined. 5 ♂, 6 ♀, Kenya, Mt. Kenya East, W Chogoria, 2920m, campsite, 04.x.2001, (Tagfang), 0.10S, 37.25E, leg. L. K��hne, gen. preps (♂) 2334, (♀) 2335/2020 H. Rajaei; all in SMNS; 3 ♀, Kenya centr[al], Mount Kenya, Rutundu Fishing lodge, S 0��22���22��� / E 37��27���39���. 01.��� 03.04.2019 LF (e.o.), 3100m, leg. Stadie, Fiebig, Schellhorn, (1 ♀ reared), gen. preps (♀) DS 96-2019, coll. PCDS; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, (paratypes), Kenya, Mt Aberdare, Versant oneset, Maison foresti��re Kinanagop, 2.600m, 1932-33, [legit] P. A. Chappuis & E. Jeannel; 1 ♀, Kenya, Mount Kenya, Rutunga road, Juniper / Hagenia forest, Fynbos mosaic, S 0.04806 / E 38.2175, 16.IX.2009, 2,900m, leg. H. S. Staude, BC ZSM Lep 42792; 1 ♀, Kenya, Mount Kenya, Rutunga road, moorland, 3,155m, S 0.00889 / E 37.4239, 16.IX.2009, leg. H. S. Staude, BC ZSM Lep 63652;, all in coll. ZSM. Taxonomic note. Hyrdria relicta comb. n. shows all synapomorphies of the genus Hyrdria including wing venation and most importantly the presence of two areoles in forewing (only one areole in the genus Rheumaptera, see Fig. 1); presence of a large coremata on sternum A 8 in H. relicta (like other Hydria species; very small coremata in Rheumaptera). Based on those morphological and further biological character combination (see below), herewith we transfer relicta to the genus Hydria. Distribution. The species is restricted to Mount Kenya and the Aberdare range in central Kenya. Host plant is Berberis holstii, the only Berberis -species that occur in tropical Africa. Though, the hostplant is rather widespread in East Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Somalia, Uganda, Malawi), H. relicta has not been recorded elsewhere yet. Habitat. Hyrdria relicta inhabits xeromontane steppes with fynbos elements (Protea -species and Ericaceae) and alpine moorland near or above the timber line between 2,800 ���3,200 m. The hostplants occur at not too dry places in steep gorges or along swamp dips (Figs 80���84). Phenology. The sparse material originates from April, September and October. However, the habitats where this species occurs have day climate conditions without stronger changes around the year. Therefore, we suggest a multivoltine development, with 5���6 generations per year. This hypothesis is supported by rearing under laboratory conditions (pers. observation of the senior author). Biology. The species was reared under laboratory conditions on Berberis communis. The life cycle of H. relicta is highly similar to other Hydria species of the cervinalis - and montivagata -group, namely behaviour, larval morphology and hostplant (all of them feeding on Berberis species) (pers. observation of the senior author). Larvae of Rheumaptera species as much as known are broad oligophagous on Salicaceae (Salix, Populus), Ericaceae (Vaccinium), Betulaceae and others and none of them feeding on Berberis species. Unfortunately, most of the larvae of Hydria relicta were died during the expedition and after few ecdysis. Only two larvae survived and reached L5. After pupation one normal sized female was hatching. The pupal stage lasts for three weeks., Published as part of Stadie, Dirk, Fiebig, Ralf & Rajaei, Hossein, 2022, Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H, 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies, pp. 501-530 in Zootaxa 5092 (5) on pages 527-528, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5092.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5896491

Hydria montivagata (Duponchel, 1830) (Figs 20���21, 33, 38, 46) Larentia montivagata Duponchel, 1830: in Godart & Duponchel: Histoire naturelle des L��pidopt��res ou Papillons de France, 8 (1): 368 (France, Alps). Syntype (s). Eucosmia andalusica Ribbe, 1912: Deutsche entomologische Zeitschrift Iris, 23: 317 (Spain, Sierra Nevada). Syntype (s) (NHMU) (regarded as subspecies by Scoble 1999, Leraut 2009, Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012). Rheumaptera moscardonica Leaver, 1983: SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog��a, 11 (4): 283, Figs 1���3 (Spain, Aragon:Albarracin, Moscardon) (downgraded to the sysnonymy of the nominate subspecies by Redondo & Gast��n (1999))., Published as part of Stadie, Dirk, Fiebig, Ralf & Rajaei, Hossein, 2022, Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H, 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies, pp. 501-530 in Zootaxa 5092 (5) on page 515, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5092.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5896491, {"references":["Scoble, M. (1999) Geometrid Moths of the World: a catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Vol. 1 & 2. CSIRO Publishing and Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1016 + 129 (index) pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643101050","Leraut, P. (2009) Moths of Europe. Vol. 2. Geometrid Moths. NAP, Vierrieres le Buisson, 804 pp.","Hausmann, A. & Viidalepp, J. (2012) Larentiinae I. In: Hausmann, A. (Ed.), The Geometrid moths of Europe. Vol. 3. Apollo Books, Vester Skernige, pp. 1 - 743."]}

Hydria hyrcana (Staudinger, 1871) bona sp., stat. n. (Figs 18���19, 32, 37, 45, Map 2) Eucosmia montivagata hyrcana Staudinger, 1871: in Staudinger & Wocke, Catalog der Lepidopteren des Europaeischen Faunengebiets: 181, [Iran] Hyrc[ania], Syntype (s) in MNHU (examined). Taxonomic note. The subspecific status of hyrcana has been confirmed by several authors without examination of genitalia structures of type material (Prout 1914 and 1937, Scoble 1999, Scoble and Hausmann 2007, Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012). However, Viidalepp (1996 and 2011) regarded Hydria hyrcana as a bona species, without any explanation. Based on genitalia examination of the type series and many populations from Iran and surrounding countries, here we confirm the latter author with high confidence and officially upgrade hyrcana into species level (bona sp., stat. n.). Type material examined. 1 ♀, [labelled as Origin], [Iran], Hadschyabad, coll. Led [erer], gen. prep. 1555/2011 H. Rajaei; in MNHU Material examined. Iran: 1 ♂, [Iran], Schakuh, [leg.] Chr. [istoph], gen. prep. 1556/2011 H. Rajaei; in MNHU (coll. Staudinger). 9 ♂, 4 ♀ Persia sept, Elburs mts.s. Tacht i Suleiman, Vanderban-Tal, 19���2200m, 1.-3.VII.[19]36, E. Pfeiffer leg., M��nchen, gen. preps ♀ 1229, 1223, ♂ 1230/2010 & 1514, 1515/2011 H. Rajaei; 5 ♂, 5 ♀, Nord-Iran, Schahkuh, Weftabhg. Ger��llzone, 1800���2000m, Juni, Exp. Wernicke, gen. preps ♀ 1224/2010, 1513/2011 & ♂ 1512/2011, 1759/2012 H. Rajaei; 2♂, Pers. [Iran], Elbursgeb. Rehne-Demavend, 2600 m, 21.-27.7.[19]36, Schwingenschuss, gen. prep. 1516/2011 H. Rajaei; all in ZFMK. 8 ♂, 8 ♀, Iran, prov. Mazandaran, Elburz mts. S. Shah Kuh-e Bala, 2400 m NN., N 36��33���, E 054��36���, 19.07.2003 (lux), G. Ebert & R. Trusch, leg, gen. preps ♂ 1220, 1222/2010 H. Rajaei; 4 ♂, 1 ♀, N-Iran, Elburs Mts. Masandaran, Polur, Damavand, 2200 m, Ebert & Falkner, leg. 11.7.1972, gen. prep. ♂ 1219/2010 H. Rajaei; 2 ♂, same locality as latter, 2500 m, Ebert & Falkner, leg. 29.7.1972; 1 ♀: same locality as latter, 7.��� 10.7.1972; 1 ♀: same locality as latter, 25���27000m, 14.-18.7.[19]37, ♂ gen. prep. 1228/2010 H. Rajaei; all in SMNK; 1 ♀, 1 ♂: same locality as latter, gen. preps ♂ 1326, ♀ 1327/2010 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, N-Iran, Demavend, 2900m, Tagf., 21.��� 31.07.1996, leg. M��ller, BC ZSM Lep 07134, gen. prep. 1391/2010 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀: same locality as latter, 3100 m, Tagf., 11.��� 21.07.1996, leg. M��ller, BC ZSM Lep 07133, gen. prep. 1393/2010 H. Rajaei; 1 ♂, N- Iran, C. Elburs, Nava, 3100m, 11.��� 21.07.1996, leg. M��ller; BC ZSM Lep 07131, gen. prep. 1390/2010 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, Iran, Gilan, Rhasht, 100 m, VIII.2002, leg. M��ller; all in ZSM. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Khorassan [Semnan prov.], Schahroud, Schahkouh, 2150 m, 15.6.1974, leg. Radj., Paz [ouki]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Iran, Golestan, Gorgan, Shahkuhe Bala, 2100 m, Alipanah, Ebrahimi leg., 19.VII.2003; 1 ♀, [Iran], Astaneh-Asch [rafieh], 26.6.1973, Abai; ♂ / ♀, [Iran] Gilan, Eshkevar, Gilanchakan, 1820 m, 27. VI.1997, Bar., Mof [idi]; ♂ / ♀, [Iran] Mazandaran, Kalardasht Mts., 24.7.1980, Hashemi, Zairi; ♂ / ♀, [Iran] Gilan, Roodbar, 320 m, 26. VI.1997, Bar., Mof [idi]; ♂ / ♀, [Iran] Mazandaran, Elika, 2100 m, 23.9.1987, Hash [emi]; ♂ / ♀, [Iran] Mazandaran, Tonekabon, Abbas-Abad mt. 18.7.1980, Hashemi, Zairi; all in HMIM. 1 ♂, Iran, Mazandaran, Pass N Firuzkuh (Nordseite), 1850���2050 m, 3.-6.VII.2003, leg. ten Hagen; 3 ♀, Iran, Elburs, Mazandaran, Shah-Kuh-Bala, 2500 m, 21.7.1999, A. Hofmann, J. Meineke, B. Mollet, gen. prep. 1760/2012 H. Rajaei; 4 ♂, 3♀, Iran, Golestan, Shahrud W, Shah-Kuh-Bala, 2580 m, 18.7.2003, A. Hofmann, J.-U. Meineke, G. Tremewan, gen. prep. 1761/2012 H. Rajaei; 1 ♂, 2 ♀, Iran, Azarbaygan-e-Sarqi, Kaleybar, 10 km E, 1900m, 27.��� 28.7.2006, A. Hofmann, J.-U. Meineke, gen. preps ♀ 1762, ♂ 1763/2012 H. Rajaei; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, Iran, Golestan, Shahkuh 20 km W, Paband, 2000 m, 3.5.2008, J.-U. Meineke, W. Kramer in PCJM. 1 ♀, Persia sept, Elburs mts.o.s. Tacht i Suleiman, S��rdab-Tal, Vanderban, 19���2200m, 10.-14.7.[19]37, E.Pfeiffer & W.Forster, M��nchen leg., gen. prep. 1227/2010 H. Rajaei; 2 ♂, Iran, prov. Mazandaran, Elburz mts. S. Shah Kuh-e Bala, 2400 m NN., N 36��33���, E 054��36���, 19.07.2003 (lux), G. Ebert & R. Trusch, leg, gen. Prep. 1221/2010 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, N- Iran, Elburs Mts. Masandaran, Polur, Damavand, 2500 m, leg. Ebert & Falkner, 7.��� 10.7.1972, gen. prep. 1218/2010 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, Iran, Ostan Tehran, Reshteh Ye Alborz, Dizin Gardaneh, 2700���3000 m., 5.-8.vii.1978, leg. W. L. Blom, gen. prep. 2307/2020 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, Iran, Elburs, Kendevan, 2300���2800m, 21.-25.viii.1978, leg. W. Thomas, gen. prep. 2308/2020 H. Rajaei, in SMNS; 2 ♀, 2 ♂, Iran, prov. Golestan, Elburs-Mts, Jahan Nama, Lux, N36,67609�� / E54,30957��, 12.vi.2007, 1815m, leg. Norbert P��ll, Barcoding: BMB Lep 00382, BMB Lep 00379, BC NP 0112, BC NP 0394, gen. preps (♀) 2310, 2313/2020, (♂) 2311, 2312/2020 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, Iran, prov. Golestan, Elburs-Mts, Deraznu vic., LUX N36,65966�� / E54,13647��, 14.vi.2007, 2440 m, leg. Norbert P��ll, Barcoding: BC NP 0111, gen. prep. 2314/2020 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, Iran, prov. Khorasan, Elburs-Mts, Almeh-Valley, LUX N37,34960�� / E56,16596��, 18.vi.2007, 1510 m, leg. Norbert P��ll, Barcoding: BMB Lep 00380, gen. prep. 2315/2020 H. Rajaei; 1 ♀, Iran, prov. Golestan, Elburs-Mts, Maghazy-Valley, LUX N36,65805�� / E54,22422��, 13.vi.2007, 1730 m, leg. Norbert P��ll, Barcoding: BMB Lep 00383, gen. prep. 2316/2020 H. Rajaei; all in PCNP. 1 ♂, Iran, Mazanderan, Elburs, Tehran NE, Veresk, 1900���2300 m, 20.7.2001, leg. A. Salk, gen. prep. 2325/2020 H. Rajaei; in PCBM. T��rkei: 1 ♀, T��rkei, Erzurum, Umg. Senyurt, 2 km W Basbaglar, 2150 m, 10.-11.8.95. leg. H. & P. Kault, gen. prep. 2304/2020 H. Rajaei, in PCNP. Russia: 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Russia, Caucasus mer. occ., Teberdinskij Sapovednik, Teberda, 43��27���N, 041��45���E, 1350 m, female collected on 03. August, LF [light trap], ex. ovo. 19.v.1977, legit. Bernd M��ller, gen. preps (♂) 2323, (♀) 2324/2020 H. Rajaei, all in SMNS. 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Russia, Caucasus mer. occ., Teberdinskij Sapovednik, Teberda, 43��27���N, 41��45���E, 1350 m, female collected on 03. August, LF [light trap], ex. ovo. 19.v.1977, legit. Bernd M��ller, gen. preps (♂) DS 164-2019, (♀) DS 167-2019, in PCBM. Description. (Figs 18���19). Wingspan 37.5���40 mm. Apex of forewing pointed. Ground colour of forewing light sand-brown, basal and postmedian areas lighter. Discal spot on forewing small, better visible from underside, blackish brown in colour. Postmedial projected outwards between R5-M1 and M3-CuA1. Terminal area between postmedian fascia and subterminal line uniform cream to cream-brown, with transverse lines weak or absent. Subterminal line whitish, irregularly waved. Terminal line weak, dark brown. Hindwing grey-brown, postmedial area lighter than other areas; transverse lines thin and dark-brown. Discal spot very small, nearly invisible from upper side. Termen undulating; subterminal line present; terminal line continuously dark brown. Wing underside light brown, basal to postmedial part slightly darker with faded transverse lines. Discal spots well visible, slightly larger on forewing. Terminal line like on upper side. Fringes slightly darker than the ground colour. In male, the patch of androconial hairscales on underside of hindwing dorsum elongated along dorsum, dark-brown to black in colour. Highly variable in all pattern. Male genitalia. (Figs 32, 37) Uncus triangular, apically rounded.Valva membranous, lobe-like, apically rounded. Sacculus projection digitiform, medially strongly curved dorsad, reaching over half of the length of valva, its apex rounded. Juxta trapezoid, distally with two lateral fine projections and a medial lobe. Labides well developed, reaching to the mid of uncus, apically large clubbed and covered with hairs. Saccus broadly rounded. Aedeagus cylindrical, straight. Vesica covered with tiny spinous microcornuti in a broad band, ending to a long needle-shaped, stout cornutus in one side and a series of short cornuti on the opposite side. Female genitalia. (Fig. 45) Ovipositor large, thin. Posterior apophyses twice longer than anterior apophyses. Antrum and lamella antevaginalis membranouse. Ductus bursae wide, with a basal folded lobe. Corpus bursae largely rhomboid, with two distinguishable parts: posteriorly well sclerotized, laterally projected, unevenly covered with patches of tiny spines; anteriorly membranous. Diagnosis. Hydria hyrcana is clearly larger than nominate subspecies of H. montivagata and H. loebeli sp. n.; but more similar to H. montivagata andalusica. Both subspecies of H. montivagata have fully different male and female genitalia (see below). Additionally, H. hyrcana could be diagnosed by its postmedial line of forewing projected outwards (not projected in H. montivagata and H. loebeli sp. n.). On male genitalia, H. hyrcana has a long uncus; strongly curved sacculus projection; Juxta trapezoid, distally with two lateral fine projections and a medial lobe (H. montivagata with uncus clearly shorter; sacculus projection short and only slightly curved; juxta trapezoid, shorter and distally with two lateral short projections and a medial lobe; H. loebeli sp. n. with long uncus; sacculus projection only slightly curved; Juxta trapezoid, elongated with two lateral short projections and a medial fork). In H. hyrcana vesica covered with tiny spinous microcornuti, in one side with a long needle-shaped cornutus and in other side covered with a series of at least 10 shorter cornuti (shorter cornuti are constantly absent in H. montivagata and reduced to two or three in H. loebeli sp. n.). H. hyrcana has a rhomboid corpus bursae (elongated in both H. montivagata and H. loebeli). Female genitalia of H. hyrcana look similar to that of H. gudarica, the latter has no signum on posterior part of corpus bursae (see Fig. 44). Additionally, both species could be easily diagnosed based on male genitalia (see Figs 31 and 32). Genetics. Show barcode sharing with H. loebeli sp. n., and very low genetic distance (0.6%) with H. montivagata. However, all three species are morphologically well diagnosable. Genetic introgression between these species is possible. In the case of H. loebeli sp. n. and H. hyrcana, the possibility of contamination or missing the specimens during the preparation for barcoding process cannot be excluded (see discussion section). Distribution. So far known from Central Turkey, Causasus and Transcaucasus through northern Iran to the Turkmenistan (see examined material, as well as Viidalepp 1996, Hausmann & Viidalepp 2012). Records of Rheumaptera montivagata (sensu Beljaev & Mironov 2019) referring also to H. hyrcana. Phenology. The imaginal phase lasts from mid-June to mid-August depending on altitude and climate. Biology and Immature stages. Need to be studied., Published as part of Stadie, Dirk, Fiebig, Ralf & Rajaei, Hossein, 2022, Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H, 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies, pp. 501-530 in Zootaxa 5092 (5) on pages 512-515, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5092.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5896491, {"references":["Scoble, M. (1999) Geometrid Moths of the World: a catalogue (Lepidoptera, Geometridae). Vol. 1 & 2. CSIRO Publishing and Apollo Books, Stenstrup, 1016 + 129 (index) pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1071 / 9780643101050","Hausmann, A. & Viidalepp, J. (2012) Larentiinae I. In: Hausmann, A. (Ed.), The Geometrid moths of Europe. Vol. 3. Apollo Books, Vester Skernige, pp. 1 - 743.","Beljaev, E. A. & Mironov, V. G. (2019) Geometridae. In: Sinev, S. Yu. (Ed.), Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia. 2 nd Edition. Zoological Institute RAS, St. Petersburg, pp. 235 - 281."]}

Hydria (cf.) sp. n. (Figs 16, 30, Map 1) Examined material. 1 ♂ Azerbaijan, Talysh Zuvand, [N38��41���40���, E48��22���29���], 04.��� 08.05.1989, leg[it] A. Danchenko, DS 05/2012, BC ZSM Lep 65433. 1 ♀ Russia, Daghestan, Khodzhal-Makhi [Khadzhalmakhi] vill[age], [N42��25���12���, E47��10���55���], 05.05.1991, [953m], leg[it] V. Tikhonov, DS 02-2012, BC ZSM Lep 65432, coll. ZMKU. Remark. Two examined specimen from Zuvand area in the Talysh mountain range show different diagnostic characters and could be hypothetically new species. Due to lack of enough specimens as well as clustering the barcode of both specimens with those of H. schachti, here we decided to postpone an official species description to the future studies. The Zuvand area in the Talysh mountain range is a very dry xero-montane steppe/semi desert dominated by dwarf scrubs like Acantholimon - and thorny Astragalus -species. Scattered trees and bushes only occur at flutes and along seasonal water courses. The habitats around Kadzhalmakhi/ Dagestan receive more precipitation. They are moderately wet mountain steppes with closer forested patches on northwards facing escarpments and along creeks (https://welcomedagestan.ru/dagestan; http://www.plantarium.ru/page/landscapes/point/551.html; Mironov pers. comm.). Biology. Probably univoltine. More investigation needed here. Diagnosis. It could be easily diagnosed based on its larger size and pointed apex of forewings from H. schachti (the latter with smaller size and rounded apex). Wings of H. (cf.) sp. n. are large, discal spot very large, patches of the hairscales on hindwing anal margin of males large and reddish-ochre (wings are smaller in H. cervinalis taurica, but discal spot and hairscales are similar to H. (cf.) sp. n.; wings are smaller, discal spot very small, hairscales small and light ochre in H. schachti). The male of H. (cf.) sp. n. differs from males of H. cervinalis taurica mainly by its whitish terminal area on forewing upper side and by its more arched postmedian fascia on forewing underside. More confidential diagnosis from H. cervinalis taurica and H. schachti is possible with examination of genitalia structure. Apex of uncus is large in H. (cf.) sp. n. and triangular (similar to H. gernoti; short in H. cervinalis taurica; short and thin in H. schachti). The sacculus projection much stronger in H. (cf.) sp. n. (clearly thinner in H. gernoti, H. cervinalis and H. schachti). Juxta small, with elongated medial fork in H. (cf.) sp. n. (much wider with smaller medial fork in H. gernoti, H. cervinalis and H. schachti). Aedeagus with two cornuti in H. (cf.) sp. n. (same condition in H. schachti; more than three cornuti in H. gernoti and H. cervinalis). Genetic data. See this section under the previous species. Distribution. Caspian. So far known from the Talysh Mountains in Azerbaijan and from Dagestan in North- East Caucasus., Published as part of Stadie, Dirk, Fiebig, Ralf & Rajaei, Hossein, 2022, Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H, 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies, pp. 501-530 in Zootaxa 5092 (5) on page 512, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5092.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5896491

Hydria cervinalis taurica ssp. n. (Figs 9���10, 27, 41, Map 1) Holotype ♂ T��rkei, Prov [vince] Antalya, Civizli W [est] Seydisehir, 17.IV.2001 1200m, leg[it] Bernd Schacht, DS 120/2012, BC Lep DS 0018, coll. PCBS, coll. MNHU. Paratypes. 1 ♂, T��rkei, Prov [vince] Antalya, Civizli W[est] Seydisehir, 17.IV.2001 1200m, leg[it] Bernd Schacht, DS 122/2012, BC Lep DS 0019; 2 ♀ T��rkei, Prov [vince] Antalya, Civizli W[est] Seydisehir, 17.IV.2001 1200m, leg[it] Bernd Schacht, coll. PCBS, gen. prep DS 121/2012, coll. PCBS, now in coll. MNHU. Description. (Figs 9���10) Large subspecies with a wingspan in males 37���39 mm, in females 37���40 mm. Ground colour of forewing on average somewhat lighter than in typical Hydria cervinalis cervinalis. Basal half of terminal area lightened, ochre-brown, well contrasting with the postmedian. Transverse lines faint or absent. Underside of the wings dull grey-brown. Discal spots and postmedian fascia distinct, dark grey. The postmedian running more or less straight towards costa. At vein R5 somewhat curved basally up to the costa, reaching the latter in an acute or right angle. Transverse lines indistinct or absent. Male and female genitalia. See Diagnose part below. Diagnosis. Hydria cervinalis taurica ssp. n. is very similar to the nominate subspecies in external appearance. However, on forewing upper side the terminal area is remarkably lightened towards postmedian fascia and transverse lines are more or less absent. On wing underside in the new subspecies the transverse lines, except the postmedian fascia, are nearly absent. The latter is running usually straighter than in the nominate subspecies. Male genitalia are very similar to the nominate subspecies, with shorter apical part of uncus and broader valva in ssp. taurica. In addition, in the new subspecies juxta is less elongated, its median fork is more prominent (see Figs 26, 27) compared to the nominate subspecies. Female genitalia of new subspecies are similar to that of nominate subspecies, but the ductus bursae is narrower and slightly longer than in nominate subspecies (Figs 40, 41). Genetics. The single sequenced barcode of the new subspecies (GWOTL494-13) is clustered with H. cervinalis from Germany and Italy with 2.63% minimum genetic distance. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Turkey. Habitat. The new subspecies inhabits sub-continental summer-green open deciduous forests dominated by Quercus cerris L., open forest and rocky slopes at the continental escarpments of the Middle Taurus Mountains between 1,000 ���1,700 m (Fig. 72). Phenology. Adults of ssp. taurica wereobserved mid-May (very limited data). Biology. Most probably the larvae of the new subspecies feed also on one of the Turkish Berberis species (more investigation needed). Remarks. It is to expect that the taxon merits species rank by zoogeographic reasons. The material is very scarce. Further investigation is needed to solve this question., Published as part of Stadie, Dirk, Fiebig, Ralf & Rajaei, Hossein, 2022, Taxonomic review of the genus Hydria H, 1822 (Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Larentiinae) in the Middle East, with description of three new species and one new subspecies, pp. 501-530 in Zootaxa 5092 (5) on pages 508-509, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5092.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5896491