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This research focusses on the analysis of learning experience. Together with the other factors of motivational structure: Intrinsic motivation, Personal goals, Attractivity of foreign language community, and Worries about learning, it creates motivational profile of foreign language (FL) learners. The analysis is based on the theoretical concept of foreign language motivational self-system by Dörnyei. The research aim was to find out the perception of learning experience and the level of its dependence on the category of the Associations with the expression "German" in the selected categories. Moreover, it was to find out the differences in perception of learning experience, motivational structure, and the length of foreign language studying. The research sample consisted of German FL learners from six different lower-secondary schools within Slovakia. Motivational Structure Questionnaire was used as a research tool to obtain the research data. The data were processed by the selected quantitative and qualitative research methods. The research results supported ambivalence of learning experience. The statistical significance was found in the two categories: the category of Negative emotions related to the category negative perception of educational situation, and the category of German speaking countries related to the higher level of motivation in the factor of learning experience. Furthermore, significant relations were found between the factor of learning experience and the factors of the ideal self of the motivational structure and the length of studying a foreign language. The results in the qualitative part of the research opened up a possible intervention steps towards foreign language motivation reinforcement.

Aim. Acquiring the skill of listening comprehension can be considered as a difficult process, which is influenced by the personality traits of the student. Tolerance of novelty is an inherent and innovative factor in teaching a foreign language, which plays an important role in the effective processing of new information. The aim of the research is to determine the difference in listening comprehension performance between groups with different levels of tolerance of novelty. Methods. We used standardised test to determine listening comprehension efficiency and the subscale of the Tolerance of Ambiguity Scale instrument to determine the degree of tolerance of novelty. The research was implemented with 154 university students who studied professional English at language level B2. Results. A statistically significant difference in listening comprehension between respondents with high and average levels of tolerance of novelty was confirmed. Furthermore, we found significantly different listening performance between respondents with high and low tolerance of novelty. Respondents with a high tolerance of novelty deliver greater results in listening in a foreign language than people with an average and low level of tolerance of novelty. Conclusion. Research shows that students with a higher tolerance of novelty are more willing to experiment with new, alternative forms and language structures in a foreign language. The personality factor of tolerance of novelty belongs to relatively dynamic personality characteristics that can be optimised with the help of the teacher's deliberate action and in this way simultaneously stimulate the cognitive processes of listening and understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The research aim is to find out the correlation between the comprehension of read texts in German and the different cognitive linking levels such as the propositional, the epistemic and the speech of act level. Methods. In the first phase of the research, we used qualitative content analysis to identify the different cognitive levels in the texts. After that we used a didactic test to determine the text comprehension in German at the A2 language proficiency level. Results. A statistically significant positive relationship was found between reading comprehension performance in German and the propositional level. This means, higher performance in reading comprehension of German texts is manifested if the read texts contain indicators such as indicative sentences and adverbial tenses. Subsequently, we find a tendency correlation between the comprehension of German texts and the level of speech acts. No statistically significant relationship was found in the variable of epistemic level and German text comprehension. Conclusion. Our research showed that the epistemic level indicators and the speech act level indicators made it difficult for the learners to comprehend German texts, for this reason it would be necessary that after mastering the simpler phenomena such as the indicative mood, they should fluently start to deal with the indicators of the above levels. In the educational process, it is necessary to focus on the training of word types, on explaining the meanings of these words or expressions in order to develop and broaden the vocabulary of learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The main aim of the research was to verify the reading comprehension intervention program for the German language that builds on complex models of foreign language text comprehension while stimulating the cognitive, affective and social levels of reading. Methods. The respondents of the research were studying English language in their 3rd year in secondary schools in Slovakia. The data were collected with the didactic reading comprehension test for the German language (Hockicková et al., 2020). The research was conducted through a pre-test before the intervention program and a post-test after the intervention. The basic characteristics of the examined variables were described using descriptive statistics. A paired t-test was used to detect differences in reading comprehension before and after the intervention. Results. The results of the research confirmed an increase in German texts comprehension in each experimental group. A statistically significant difference in reading comprehension performance was not confirmed in the control groups without completing the intervention program. Conclusion. The reading comprehension intervention program for the German language at A2 level appears to be effective in the direction of increasing performance in reading comprehension of German texts. The intervention in German text comprehension is manifested in two simultaneous work practices, namely in the development of predictors and in working with different types of texts as well as different reading strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]